Plain Language Summary
This review explains how RNA interference (RNAi) therapies using small interfering RNA (siRNA) are changing treatment of lipid disorders. The first approved RNAi drug for hypercholesterolemia, inclisiran, lowers LDL-c by approximately 50% with infrequent maintenance injections, offering an alternative to monoclonal antibodies. Other RNAi drugs in development target lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein C-III, and angiopoietin-like protein 3 to reduce residual cardiovascular risk. Early data suggest good safety and adherence, but large outcome trials and cost-effectiveness studies are still needed. If these are favorable, RNAi-based therapies could become central to personalized, long-acting lipid management and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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