crom

See also: Crom and cróm

Catalan

Chemical element (edit)
Cr Atomic number 24 crom
Classification data Period 4 Group 6 Block d-block Class transition metal
Previous: ← vanadi (V)
Next: manganès (Mn) →

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrew- (“to grind, rub”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈkɾum]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈkɾom]

• Audio (Valencia):

  (file)

Noun

crom m (uncountable)

1. chromium

Further reading

• “crom”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish cromm, from Old Irish cromb (“bent, stooped”), from Proto-Celtic *krumbos, from Proto-Germanic *krumbaz (whence German krumm and Dutch krom). The verb is from Old Irish crommaid (“to bend down, stoop”), from the adjective.

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠaumˠ/, /kɾˠəumˠ/, /kɾˠoumˠ/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /kɾˠuːmˠ/, /kɾˠumˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠɞmˠ/

Adjective

crom (genitive singular masculine croim, genitive singular feminine croime, plural croma, comparative croime)

1. bent down, bent over, stooped, hunched

Declension

Declension of crom

Positive	singular		plural
	masculine	feminine	strong noun	weak noun
nominative	crom	chrom	croma; chroma2
vocative	chroim		croma
genitive		croime	croma	crom
dative	crom; chrom1	chrom; chroim (archaic)	croma; chroma2
Comparative	níos croime
Superlative	is croime

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Verb

crom (present analytic cromann, future analytic cromfaidh, verbal noun cromadh, past participle cromtha)

1. to bend over, stoop

Conjugation

Conjugation of crom (first conjugation – A)

indicative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	cromaim	cromann tú; cromair†	cromann sé, sí	cromaimid; cromann muid	cromann sibh	cromann siad; cromaid†	a chromann; a chromas	cromtar
past	chrom mé; chromas	chrom tú; chromais	chrom sé, sí	chromamar; chrom muid	chrom sibh; chromabhair	chrom siad; chromadar	a chrom	cromadh
past habitual	chromainn / cromainn‡	chromtá / cromtá‡	chromadh sé, sí / cromadh sé, sí‡	chromaimis; chromadh muid / cromaimis‡; cromadh muid‡	chromadh sibh / cromadh sibh‡	chromaidís; chromadh siad / cromaidís‡; cromadh siad‡	a chromadh	chromtaí / cromtaí‡
	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	cromfaidh mé; cromfad	cromfaidh tú; cromfair†	cromfaidh sé, sí	cromfaimid; cromfaidh muid	cromfaidh sibh	cromfaidh siad; cromfaid†	a chromfaidh; a chromfas	cromfar
conditional	chromfainn / cromfainn‡	chromfá / cromfá‡	chromfadh sé, sí / cromfadh sé, sí‡	chromfaimis; chromfadh muid / cromfaimis‡; cromfadh muid‡	chromfadh sibh / cromfadh sibh‡	chromfaidís; chromfadh siad / cromfaidís‡; cromfadh siad‡	a chromfadh	chromfaí / cromfaí‡
subjunctive	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	go gcroma mé; go gcromad†	go gcroma tú; go gcromair†	go gcroma sé, sí	go gcromaimid; go gcroma muid	go gcroma sibh	go gcroma siad; go gcromaid†	—	go gcromtar
past	dá gcromainn	dá gcromtá	dá gcromadh sé, sí	dá gcromaimis; dá gcromadh muid	dá gcromadh sibh	dá gcromaidís; dá gcromadh siad	—	dá gcromtaí
imperative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
—	cromaim	crom	cromadh sé, sí	cromaimis	cromaigí; cromaidh†	cromaidís	—	cromtar
past participle	cromtha
verbal noun	cromadh

^† archaic or dialect form
^‡ dependent form

Mutation

Mutated forms of crom

radical	lenition	eclipsis
crom	chrom	gcrom

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “crom”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 199
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “crom”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “crom”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “crom”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *crump, from Proto-Germanic *krumbaz.

Adjective

crom

1. bent, not straight
2. wrong (morally)

Inflection

Adjective

		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	indefinite	crom	cromme	crom	cromme
	definite	cromme		cromme
accusative	indefinite	crommen	cromme	crom	cromme
	definite			cromme
genitive	indefinite	croms	crommer	croms	crommer
	definite	croms, crommen		croms, crommen
dative		crommen	crommer	crommen	crommen

Alternative forms

• cromp

Derived terms

• crommen

Descendants

• Dutch: krom
• Limburgish: krómp
• → French: cromb, cron, kromp (dialectal)
• ⇒ French: cronbin

Further reading

• “crombe (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “crom (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Noun

crom

1. alternative form of crome

Romanian

Chemical element (edit)
Cr Atomic number 24 crom
Classification data Period 4 Group 6 Block d-block Class transition metal
Previous: ← vanadiu (V)
Next: mangan, manganez (Mn) →

Etymology

Borrowed from French chrome, from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreu (“to grind, rub”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /krom/

Noun

crom n (uncountable)

1. chromium (chemical element)

Declension

singular only	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	crom	cromul
genitive-dative	crom	cromului
vocative	cromule

References

• “crom”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2026

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish cromm, from Old Irish cromb (“bent, stooped”), from Proto-Celtic *krumbos, from Proto-Germanic *krumbaz. The verb is from Old Irish crommaid (“to bend down, stoop”), from the adjective.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʰɾɔum/

Adjective

crom (comparative cruime)

1. bent, curved, crooked, round

Synonyms

• (curve): lùbach

Verb

crom (past chrom, future cromaidh, verbal noun cromadh, past participle cromte)

1. bend, curve
2. bow, stoop
3. crouch
4. nod

Synonyms

• (bend or bow): lùb

Vietnamese

Chemical element (edit)
Cr Atomic number 24 crom
Classification data Period 4 Group 6 Block d-block Class transition metal
Previous: ← vanađi (V)
Next: mangan (Mn) →

Etymology

From French chrome.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [kɹom˧˧], [kəː˨˩ ɹom˧˧] ~ [kəː˨˩ zom˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [kɹom˧˧], [kəː˦˩ ɹom˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [kɹom˧˧], [kəː˨˩ ɹom˧˧]
• Phonetic spelling: crôm, cờ Rôm

Noun

crom

1. chromium

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /krɔm/
• Rhymes: -ɔm

Adjective

crom f

1. feminine singular of crwm (“curved”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of crom

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
crom	grom	nghrom	chrom

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “crom”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies