Design

Civil Engineering Materials is a comprehensive English textbook designed for undergraduate civil engineering students. It was developed to meet the growing demand for professionals with both solid technical knowledge and strong English proficiency amid expanding international engineering cooperation. Closely aligned with the latest industry standards and scientific advancements, the book systematically covers all core topics in civil engineering materials. It integrates the authors’ extensive teaching, research, and practical industry experience, and structures content progressively—from fundamental concepts to in-depth mechanistic analysis—while incorporating real-world engineering cases to bridge the gap between theory and practice.
Author/Editor-in-Chief: Chen Zheng

We report on the design, premiere and public evaluation of a multifaceted audience interface for a complex non-linear musical performance called Climb! which is particularly suited to being experienced more than once. This interface is designed to enable audiences to understand and appreciate the work, and integrates a physical instrument and staging, projected visuals, personal devices and an online archive. A public premiere concert comprising two performances of Climb! revealed how the audience reoriented to the second performance through growing understanding and comparison to the first. Using trajectories as an analytical framework for the audience 'journey' made apparent: how the trajectories of a single performance are embedded within the larger trajectories of a concert and the creative work as a whole; the distinctive demands of understanding and interpretation; and the potential of the archive in enabling appreciation across repeated performances.

Audio-based mobile technology is opening up a range of new interactive possibilities. This paper brings some of those possibilities to light by offering a range of perspectives based in this area. It is not only the technical systems that are developing, but novel approaches to the design and understanding of audio-based mobile systems are evolving to offer new perspectives on interaction and design and support such systems to be applied in areas, such as the humanities.

This study is primarily focused in establishing the solid-state sensory abilities of several luminescent polymeric calix arene-based materials toward selected nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), creating the foundations for their future application as high performance materials for detection of high explosives. The phenylene ethynylene-type polymers possessing bis-calix[4]arene scaffolds in their core were designed to take advantage of the known recognition abilities of calixarene compounds toward neutral guests, particularly in solid-state, therefore providing enhanced sensitivity and selectivity in the sensing of a given analyte. It was found that all the calix[4]arene-poly(para-phenylene ethynylene)s here reported displayed high sensitivities toward the detection of nitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,4,6trinitrotoluene (TNT). Particularly effective and significant was the response of the films (25-60 nm of thickness) upon exposure to TNT vapor (10 ppb): over 50% of fluorescence quenching was achieved in only 10 s. In contrast, a model polymer lacking the calixarene units showed only reduced quenching activity for the same set of analytes, clearly highlighting the relevance of the macrocyclics in promoting the signaling of the transduction event. The films exhibited high photostability (less than 0.5% loss of fluorescence intensity up to 15 min of continuous irradiation) and the fluorescence quenching sensitivity could be fully recovered after exposure of the quenched films to saturated vapors of hydrazine (the initial fluorescence intensities were usually recovered within 2-5 min of exposure to hydrazine).

Forum papers are thought-provoking opinion pieces or essays founded in fact, sometimes containing speculation, on a civil engineering topic of general interest and relevance to the readership of the journal. The views expressed in this Forum article do not necessarily reflect the views of ASCE or the Editorial Board of the journal.

In this paper, we describe a method of systemic design of electric vehicles (EVs) power chain, reducing the cost of production and the energy consumption. This method rests on the choice of the structure and the components of this chain. For this purpose, we have selected a modular structure of a synchronous engine with permanent magnets and axial flux. The choice of the static converter oriented toward a two-level voltage structure and electromagnetic switches aims at increasing the reliability of the global system and eliminating the multiple inconveniences of the IGBTs. The adaptation of this low-frequency converter structure is assured by the insertion of a gearing speed amplifier . Finally, the modelling under the environment of Matlab/Simulink of the power chain validate this approach of design entirely.

In the last decades, soil bioengineering has gained considerable popularity worldwide, especially in hillslope, riverbank, and earth embankment stabilisation works. The use of plants as a building material transfers the plant multifunctionality within engineering structures and meets the demand rising from society for more environmental-friendly approaches to structure design. In addition, soil bioengineering approach complies with public policies, such as EU strategies concerning the green infrastructures, the circular economy and the green deal, as well as the global framework defined by the Global Goals for Sustainable Development. Despite the widespread use of soil bioengineering techniques and their adherence to the new directions of public policies, however, quantitative and temporal aspects of soil bioengineering approach are not fully considered. Construction criteria typical of civil engineering approaches, such as safety, serviceability and duration, need to be evaluated and fulfilled by bioengineering measures in an analog way as for technical construction, with the additional effort to consider spatial and temporal variability of their properties. In particular, it must be considered at the same time the dynamic temporal development of vegetation (especially the dynamic of root reinforcement) and the decrease in strength of some additive construction material (e.g. wood decay). A comprehensive design scheme, comparable with the one for conventional engineering structures, is still lacking. In this paper, knowledge and tools aiming to address the above issues, are reviewed, with particular reference to points associated with the structural stability of soil bioengineering structures for shallow landslide stabilisation. The paper: -provides the background to the traditional engineering design for slope stabilisation, and the normative state of the art of geotechnical and construction design, as well as the residual risk of slope stabilisation; -considers the temporal issues associated with the vegetation and the effect of soil bioengineering structures on the stability of natural, man-made, and anthropogenically influenced slopes; -develops a decision framework for soil bioengineering applications that explicitly considers quantitative and temporal aspects of soil bioengineering approach, highlighting critical parameters governing the design with vegetation against shallow slope instability; -critically debates the issues of the quantifiability of vegetated slopes and the use of permanent and temporary inert material.

Fotografia e design são disciplinas que lidam diretamente com a visualidade. Em síntese, podemos considerar que ambas as áreas promovem discursos múltiplos acerca dos elementos compositivos da imagem, seja no caso do design considerando a promoção da codificação de signos/símbolos, ou no caso da fotografia, que liga com o registro desses significantes. Desse modo, o artigo aqui proposto visa considerar a integração da fotografia auxiliando nos percursos de projeto dentro do design, onde podem ser discutidas ferramentas metodológicas para a pesquisa visual. São comentados os aspectos de integração e características que permeiam os campos. Disso, observamos a participação ativa das tecnologias contemporâneas em volta do digital, a fotografia com recursos mobile, e instantânea, pode se incorporar efetivamente nos novos paradigmas em volta do design atual.

Problem Statement: Design is an indispensable part of the human being. It enters one's life on the very first day that the eyes open. Design awareness is developed at an early age. With a proper education, even in the preschool years, design is experienced within one's close environment.

As Fab Labs are fast becoming ubiquitous in the learning landscape, we are addressing some of the issues faced in the traditional school settings of incorporating them into the classroom. This article describes the tools, layout, and function, both physical and social, of a mobile Fab Lab that is being introduced into a K-8 school environment. This mobile Fab Lab, or MakerCart, is designed to address the space, and funding constraints that affect many schools in their ability to incorporate Fab Labs as a component of their instructional and curricular frameworks. We are also developing systems to help teachers incorporate the tools and processes of Fab Labs into their pre-existing educational culture through methods of collaborative, shared documentation strategies.

At the very early stage of idea generation, allegedly, a master craftsperson encounters cognitive dissonance to maintain beliefs/mindsets from various conceptual stimuli. We aim to capture the underlying form of cognition by examining the structure of thoughts collected from the subjective conceptualisation. A think-aloud protocol was employed to obtain verbalised thoughts of both Indonesian and UK master craftsmen. The keywords of verbalised thoughts were evaluated and extracted using a list of typical mindsets. The evaluated keywords were then analysed by means of a

This paper investigated the in-depth cognitive levels of artisans (craft artisans) and designers (design trainers) as they observed design problems (in the early stage of idea generation) during design training. A concept network method based on the associative concept dictionary was employed to extract the verbalised thoughts of four artisans and four designers. We then identified semantic relationships based on a factor analysis. We discovered that, in contrast to designers, artisans tended to activate lower in-depth cognitive levels. Our study demonstrated that artisans placed greater focus on product appearance and technical aspects, such as operation (replace, reduce, etc.) and shape (waist, body, etc.). In contrast, designers paid greater attention to the presence of issues related to surroundings, such as scene (silverware, norm, etc.) and appeal (fresh, dish, etc.). These results demonstrate that closely or remotely associated concepts correlate with shallow or in-depth cognitive levels based on creative solutions.

An undertaking of this nature is inevitably the result of many kindnesses, both large and small. My colleagues in the School of Art and Design, and the Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies have contributed their support in many different ways, whilst without the grant of time given to me by AUT University, in the form of a Vice Chancellor's Doctoral Study Award, the thesis could not have been completed in its current form. I am deeply grateful for it. I have been fortunate to encounter many generous people in the course of the research. Although much of it occurred outside archives, a number of librarians, curators and archivists have significantly smoothed the way.

Both graduated in the spring of 2011 from the two-year program, one coming from a background of design and visual arts and the other from design research. They shared interest in thinking and doing design differently. Their doubt was based on a gradual understanding of how design education and its practice imposes and reproduces a homogeneous and dominant form of action, which they came to see as being complicit with the dominant form of politics in our societies: the 'politics of fear.' The paper argues how and why the politics of fear functions in design practice and education. It does this via an auto -ethnographical text and the particular case of designing a 'better death', a design course on the 'aesthetics of dying' focused on the last days in a palliative care center. The authors question why design education teaches designers to perpetuate their own habits, and develop an inability to accept what is foreign and why in seeking to solve problems it imposes itself on the other, instead of opening to alternative forms of action and life. Introduction: design as a child of progress Design as a child of progress and modernisation relies on the discourse of making things 'better'. 1 But this meaning of 'better' is closely related to the values and aspirations of those in positions of power, and is highly dependant on their economical, cultural and a political agenda. The meaning of making things 'better' promises development, which in turn encourages design to actively attempt to forecast the future, through its administration, simulation and ultimately, manipulation. In much the same way, crisis management faces potential problems designing, packaging and serving solutions within a mechanism of capital's exclusion and domination. Such contradiction embedded in design practice, has triggered earnest attempts to find alternative approaches. The attempt to broaden the definition of design, and to make its practice more 'inclusive' for example, has given permission for the status-quo of design to impose in areas where previously it had not gone. Few scholars and practitioners consider this problem as a fundamental figure of design itself, and rather than erasing the question, perpetuate it in the form of 'new' trends in the discipline towards new areas for activity.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar visualmente das capas das edições das revistas Veja, Carta Capital, Época e Istoé, que trazem como manchetes a condenação e a prisão de Luís Inácio “Lula” da Silva, para identificar de que forma as notícias foram trabalhadas imageticamente pelas publicações. Com isso, versará sobre aspectos que aliam Jornalismo e Design, tendo como base os dois fatos históricos transformados em notícias pela mídia. Ao todo, foram analisadas sete edições, a partir de aspectos como: cor, tipografia e uso de imagens. 

اعتمدت العمارة المعاصرة على جانب استعراضي كلاحقة ملازمة، في إطار واسع من الحرية للابتعاد عن أية مقيدات، وكأنها تهدف في الدرجة الأولى إلى إقصاء ما سبقها من جهة، والتبحر في الابتكار غير المتوقع من جهة أخرى؛ وقد تحطم في مسارها كثيراً من القواعد والمواصفات والأسس التي كانت تعتمد عليها العمارة السالفة، ووضعت النقاد الحياديين في حالة يصعب معها استخدام أسس التقييم الجمالي السابقة لانتفاء وجودها أمام ظهور قواعد جديدة لتمييز قيمة الأعمال المعمارية المعاصرة.
والقصد مما يعرض التحفيز للنقاش العلمي في ما تلتقي الأفكار أو تتنافر من نقد وتصويب وتعدد وجهات النظر؛ مع التأكيد على أهمية العمارة المعاصرة وبلاغة دورها في التاريخ الحضاري للمجتمع؛ ومع التأكيد على أن الأيقونات المعمارية التي تفاخر بها الإنسانية حالياً كانت قد تلقت نقداً كبيراً عند ولادتها؛ لكن من المؤكد أنَّ قضية قيمة المنتج المعاصر تسببت في تغيرات كبيرة في دور المعماري وما هيته، وغيرت في تعريف المنتج المعماري بحد ذاته؛ وهذا ما يفتح أبوابا واسعة لإعادة النظر في التعليم من جهة، وفي الممارسة من جهة أخرى.

In recent years, various methods and techniques have emerged for mapping the contexts of people's interaction with products. Designers and researchers use these techniques to gain deeper insight into the needs and dreams of prospective users of new products. As most of these techniques are still under development, there is a lack of practical knowledge about how such studies can be conducted. In this paper we share our insights, based on several projects from research and many years of industrial practice, of conducting user studies with generative techniques. The appendix contains a single case illustrating the application of these techniques in detail.

The most advantageous way to formulate the design of a water distribution system under transient conditions is as a multi‐objective optimization problem. The first objective in such a design is a least‐cost optimization problem using pipe diameters as decision variables. The second objective is to minimize the likelihood of a damaging transient event. In this article, a new surge damage measure called surge damage potential factor is introduced. Evolutionary algorithms are applied to produce a set of Pareto‐optimal solutions in the search space of pipe cost and surge damage potential. The model was tested on the New York City tunnel system. Comparison of the proposed method with that of a conventional approach shows that the modifications of pipe size in the design process can result in an effective and inexpensive surge control strategy.

Scientific evaluation of prototyping practices is an emerging field in design research. Prototyping is critical to the success of product development efforts, and yet its implementation in practice is often guided by ad hoc experience. To address this need, we seek to advance the study and development of prototyping principles, techniques, and tools. A method to repeatedly enhance the outcome of prototyping efforts is reported in this paper. The research methodology to develop this method is as follows: (1) systematically identify practices that improve prototyping; (2) synthesize these practices to form a guiding method for designers; and (3) validate that the proposed method encourages best practices and improves performance. Prototyping practices are represented as six key heuristics to guide a designer in planning: how many iterations to pursue, how many unique design concepts to explore in parallel, as well as the use of scaled prototypes, isolated subsystem prototypes, relaxed...

Design-by-analogy is an effective approach to innovative concept generation, but can be elusive at times due to the fact that few methods and tools exist to assist designers in systematically seeking and identifying analogies from general data sources, databases, or repositories, such as patent databases. A new method for extracting analogies from data sources has been developed to provide this capability. Building on past research, we utilize a functional vector space model to quantify analogous similarity between a design problem and the data source of potential analogies. We quantitatively evaluate the functional similarity between represented design problems and, in this case, patent descriptions of products. We develop a complete functional vocabulary to map the patent database to applicable functionally critical terms, using document parsing algorithms to reduce text descriptions of the data sources down to the key functions, and applying Zipf’s law on word count order reducti...

This article addresses the Cartesian Subject–Object divide in Western philosophy, which has historically fragmented the relationships between designers, users, and artefacts. By critiquing this dualism—where the Subject is viewed as an isolated mind and the Object as passive matter—we ask how design can be reconceptualized to reconceive this distinction rather than reproduce it. Using John Heskett’s definition as a structural taxonomy, we develop four core propositions framing design as a poietic-mimetic endeavour. These explore the designer’s fundamental dependence on representation (P1), the mutual lack between user and Object (P2), poietic becoming through embodied simulation (P3), and the ontological union of form and function (P4). By positioning design as an ‘included middle’, the article argues that agents and artefacts co-constitute one another. This relational ontology offers a transformative paradigm for design research, practice, and education.

A conscious reflection on the transformation of the notion of territory, I believe, should today take into account two fundamental conditions.
The first is the synchronic perception we have of the built landscape, in a context dominated by the present. Routes, settlements, productive areas, are all part of the same contemporary environment, whose formative reasons seem to belong to a set of problems distant from real life.
In this co-presence of all things, cities coexist, indistinctly, with their hinterland, with the territory that surrounds them and should explain them,
with the infrastructures that knit them together.
An entire literature has developed on the observation that city and territory are the same thing, at least since the idea proposed by Giuseppe Samonà’s La città in estensione (1976).

Nature has provided the fundamental structure for the survival of all living beings. Human beings did not create the sun, the air, the water, the soil, the forests, or the countless relationships that sustain life. Science and technology, despite their achievements, can only work with the resources and laws that already exist within nature. They do not create the foundation; they operate within it. Today, much attention is given to expanding human activity beyond the Earth. While scientific exploration may increase knowledge, the belief that humanity can solve its problems by seeking unlimited resources elsewhere may reflect something deeper than necessity. It may reflect the desires, fears, and ambitions that arise from the accumulated conditioning of the human mind. Development driven solely by desire can become detached from responsibility. The challenge before humanity is not the lack of resources alone. It is the lack of understanding of our relationship with the whole. Climate change, environmental degradation, social conflict, and unsustainable consumption are reminders that human actions cannot be separated from their consequences. In this context, the vision of sustainable development promoted by the United Nations deserves serious attention. It is not a fantasy or an abstract ideal. It is a practical recognition that the wellbeing of people, communities, economies, and ecosystems are inseparably connected. Sustainable Development is an attempt to restore balance between human aspirations and the limits of the natural world. The simple understanding that "nothing exists alone" applies not only to households, villages, nations, and ecosystems, but also to the wider universe itself. Every part exists through relationships with other parts. When these relationships are ignored, instability follows. When they are understood and respected, harmony becomes possible. We need not speculate about distant worlds to appreciate this truth. The evidence is already before us. The Earth is our home. The responsibility entrusted to our generation is to live in a manner that safeguards its resources, protects its relationships, and leaves a healthy and sustainable world for future generations. The vision of sustainability is therefore not merely a development agenda. It is a call to live consciously within the web of relationships that sustains all life. I particularly like your sentence: "Nothing exists alone in the world." This can serve as a bridge between your lifelong work on energy, the UN vision of sustainability, and your more recent reflections on sanity and conscious living. It is simple, understandable, and difficult to dispute because it applies equally to a stove, a household, a village, a nation, and ultimately to the universe itself.

documented architectural remains, models, and artistic panels preserved in settlements in addition to reviewing studies on early "prehistoric" settlements, and utilizing the researcher's field observations. The study reached the following conclusions: • The Column: As a structural element, the column was among the oldest features to appear in early settlements, dating back to at least the 4th millennium BCE. It remained present throughout all historical stages of Ancient Yemeni architecture, with its materials and forms diversifying over time. • Arch (Vault): Arches were employed as both structural components and design solutions to overcome certain challenges encountered at construction sites, as demonstrated by the Sabaean Gate at the historic Thula Fortress. • Connecting Bridges (Sībat): The review of some rock drawings revealed the existence of connecting bridges between buildings a technique later known as the Sībat (corridor) in Islamic architecture. The drawing of Jurf al-Yahudi documented this remarkable technology. • Decorative Motifs: Decorative motifs were characterized by repetition and modification, incorporating human, animal, and plant forms, primarily depicting elements from the local Yemeni environment.

documented architectural remains, models, and artistic panels preserved in settlements in addition to reviewing studies on early "prehistoric" settlements, and utilizing the researcher's field observations. The study reached the following conclusions: • The Column: As a structural element, the column was among the oldest features to appear in early settlements, dating back to at least the 4th millennium BCE. It remained present throughout all historical stages of Ancient Yemeni architecture, with its materials and forms diversifying over time. • Arch (Vault): Arches were employed as both structural components and design solutions to overcome certain challenges encountered at construction sites, as demonstrated by the Sabaean Gate at the historic Thula Fortress. • Connecting Bridges (Sībat): The review of some rock drawings revealed the existence of connecting bridges between buildings a technique later known as the Sībat (corridor) in Islamic architecture. The drawing of Jurf al-Yahudi documented this remarkable technology. • Decorative Motifs: Decorative motifs were characterized by repetition and modification, incorporating human, animal, and plant forms, primarily depicting elements from the local Yemeni environment.

This work proposes an automated system for generating contextualized narratives from structured museum data. In a first step, a tabular database containing object metadata (Identifier, Name, creator, culture, dating, material, etc.) is transformed into a knowledge graph based on the CIDOC CRM (Conceptual Reference Model) standard. This graph not only represents the objects themselves, but also models the events associated with them (creation, collection, acquisition, etc.), ensuring a rich and temporally anchored semantic understanding. In a second phase, targeted Cypher queries query this graph to extract contextual information related to each object. This information is then integrated into a structured prompt, sent to a pre-trained language model (LLM) via an API, to automatically generate a fluid, coherent, and historically informed narrative. Finally, the produced text is converted into an audio file, providing multi-modal playback accessible to a wide audience. The system has been empirically validated by domain experts who confirmed the accuracy and relevance of the generated narratives, as well as by members of the general museum public, who confirmed the texts' accessibility.

With the rapid growth in mobile and wireless technologies and the availability, pervasiveness and cost effectiveness of wireless networks, mobile computers are quickly becoming the normal front-end devices for accessing enterprise data. In this paper, we are addressing the issue of efficient delivery of business decision support data in the form of summary tables to mobile clients equipped with OLAP front-end tools. Towards this, we propose a new on-demand scheduling algorithm, called SBS, that exploits both the derivation semantics among OLAP summary tables and the mobile clients' capabilities of executing simple SQL queries. It maximizes the aggregated data sharing between clients and reduces the broadcast length compared to the already existing techniques. The degree of aggregation can be tuned to control the tradeoff between access time and energy consumption. Further, the proposed scheme adapts well to different request rates, access patterns and data distributions. The algorithm effectiveness with respect to access time and power consumption is evaluated using simulation.

With the rapid growth in mobile and wireless technologies and the availability, pervasiveness and cost effectiveness of wireless networks, mobile computers are quickly becoming the normal front-end devices for accessing enterprise data. In this paper, we are addressing the issue of efficient delivery of business decision support data in the form of summary tables to mobile clients equipped with OLAP front-end tools. Towards this, we propose a new on-demand scheduling algorithm, called SBS, that exploits both the derivation semantics among OLAP summary tables and the mobile clients' capabilities of executing simple SQL queries. It maximizes the aggregated data sharing between clients and reduces the broadcast length compared to the already existing techniques. The degree of aggregation can be tuned to control the tradeoff between access time and energy consumption. Further, the proposed scheme adapts well to different request rates, access patterns and data distributions. The algorithm effectiveness with respect to access time and power consumption is evaluated using simulation.

Haptic icons (brief tactile stimuli with associated meanings) have the potential to convey abstract information through touch; however, there has been little systematic investigation of how sets of perceptually distinct tactile signals can be best utilized to convey meanings, nor of how enduring these associations can be. We hypothesized that when users can choose the signals which will represent specific concepts, their learning and recall will be eased and enhanced. Taking future embedded interfaces as context, we used two sets of 10 distinct tactile signals to compare recall of concept-meaning associations in two conditions: (1) arbitrarily assigned and (2) participant-chosen associations. Participants learned associations in under 20 minutes at 80% accuracy; at 2 weeks, recall of the associations previously learned was 86% with no significant effect of assignment condition. Subjective confidence levels sharply lagged actual performance, with zero expectation of ability to recall at 2 weeks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of either longitudinal recall or the role of user choice on synthesized stimulus-meaning learnability. Its results underscore the eminent practicality of using haptic icons in everyday interface design, suggesting high learnability and a surprising user ability to find their own mnemonics for carefully composed stimuli, regardless of how associations are assigned.

Ιδού ο σύνδεσμος της δημοσίευσης του πρώτου διαδικτυακού τεύχους του signum 10-11, https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/signum/index
εγχείρημα απαιτητικό που οφείλεται σε πολύτιμους συνεργάτες του Τομέα ΑΚΕΔ, τον ακάματο συμπαραστάτη μας καθηγητή Σπύρο Στέλιο, τον αεί διαθέσιμο συνεργάτη μας Δρ Δημήτρη Καρακούλα, την Δρ Άρια Μπουσουλέγκα, την νέα χαμηλόφωνη, αλλά αποτελεσματική στήριξη που βρήκαμε στην επιμελήτρια-διορθώτρια Δωρίτα Δαμιανού, τους συγγραφείς που μας εμπιστεύτηκαν τα κείμενά τους, τους κριτές μας, που μας προσανατολίζουν επιστημολογικά, το ΕΚΤ ασφαλώς για τη φιλοξενία και τους αδιόρατους συνεργάτες που ενίοτε λησμονούμε, χωρίς πρόθεση.
προωθήστε και διαδώστε την προσπάθειά μας, αν θεωρείτε πως αξίζει τον κόπο, διότι σε έναν κόσμο αμιγούς "κερδοφορίας", εμείς του ΑΚΕΔ οι "εκδρομείς" την διαθέτουμε δωρεάν

The State of Washington has found that the Spokane River is DO impaired, and is requiring dischargers to reduce phosphorus inputs to the river. Spokane County elected to build a new water recovery facility with a target effluent total phosphorus level of 50 mg/L on a seasonal average basis. Spokane County elected to use a private company to design/build and operate their facility. The very low nutrient requirements, and lack of historical operating information, necessitated an integrated approach to the nutrient removal design while considering the risks and benefits of the various treatment options. The process selection evaluated membrane bioreactors and tertiary membranes for the primary liquids process in combination with chemical and/or biological phosphorus removal. The final process selection included chemically enhanced primary treatment, membrane bioreactor with metal salts, and dewatering liquor treatment with an innovative post aerobic digestion step.

The ideas on the building site and the work in the design RESUMEN: Presentamos los presupuestos de investigación nombrada : « La obra como texto». Con ella pretendemos componer una estrategia metodológica para una lectura crítica del edificio, buscando extraer de él las cuestiones que estuvieron sobre la mesa del arquitecto durante el desarrollo de su proyecto y en el cantero de obras durante su construcción. Pero es cierto que debemos partir del edificio y no del proyecto, de la obra y no del discurso teórico sobre la obra, creyendo ser este el territorio donde podemos considerar con más claridad la naturaleza de un proyecto y la consistencia de las ideas y operaciones que les dan materialidad. Investigar edificios y obras que se presenten como ejemplos que resaltan el relieve de las relaciones y operaciones de producción, como cuerpo y máquina abiertos que exiben sin restricciones el necesario diálogo, cuotidiano y sencillo, entre las ideas en el cantero de obras y el trabajo en el diseño, entre el pensar y el hacer arquitectura. PALABRAS CLAVE: Edificio, Proyecto de Arquitectura, Diseño, Obra ABSTRACT. We present here the presuppositions of our research "The Work as Text", with which we intend to formulate a methodological strategy to read buildings critically and extract from them the questions that have been on the architect's desk during project development and on the building site during construction. We believe we should start from the building and not from the project, from the work and not from the theoretical discourse about it, for this is a territory where we can consider more clearly the nature of a project and the consistency of the ideas and operations behind the materiality of a building. Our proposal is to investigate buildings and constructions that come out as examples that highlight the relief of production relationships and operations, as open bodies and machines that display the everyday, commonplace, and necessary dialogue between the ideas on the building site and the work in the design, between the thinking and the making of architecture.

La vitesse exponentielle à laquelle les marchés sont envahis par la digitalisation (in- vasion qui culmine avec l'avènement des médias sociaux), en conjonction avec d'autres facteurs tels que la mondialisation, les diversifications tous azimuts ou la course à l'innovation, fait de la gestion des marques un exercice aujourd’hui périlleux. Enjointes de communiquer à très haute fréquence avec leurs nombreux publics, les marques tendent à privilégier l'impact sur le contenu de leurs messages. Sous l’effet d’une telle pression, elles sont souvent amenées à se contredire de manière flagrante. Aussi, le modèle semi-symbolique de l'identité de marque, tel qu'il a été adopté par les sémioticiens à la suite de J.-M. Floch, ne fonctionne-t-il plus dans sa symétrique pureté. Cet article discute donc de son adaptation possible aux évolutions actuelles et, sur cette base, propose d'envisager l'introduction du concept de “tiers inclus” dans l’organon de la syntaxe fondamentale du parcours génératif de la signification.

This study analyzes the multidimensional crisis plaguing Funko Inc. (Nasdaq: FNKO), a leading company in the pop culture consumer products industry. Despite a decade of exponential growth fueled by a vast portfolio of intellectual property (IP) licenses, the company is in a phase of deep financial and operational instability. The analysis examines financial results from 2023 to 2025, highlighting a significant decline in net sales, multimillion-dollar net losses, and a critical inventory impairment of $30-36 million in 2023. This paper argues that the crisis is not a cyclical downturn in the market, but a structural consequence of Funko's "license-tosaturate" business model. Such a model has prioritized mass production and volume acquisition over the fundamental sociological principles of perceived scarcity and community management, which are essential to the value of collectibles. The analysis dissects the phenomenon of "collector fatigue", exacerbated by overproduction (over 13,741 unique figures) and the dilution of exclusivity. In addition, the study examines the ethical and environmental implications, in particular the landfilling of millions of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) figures, and critically assesses the company's recent strategic responses, including the new CEO's "Make Culture POP!" strategy.

In early design process, designers employ several media for externalizations of their design ideas which facilitate decision making, discussion and evaluation. Especially models are the most common representation tools and are used generally to understand and make spatial reasoning on the design ideas. Besides the traditional methods, today, the technological developments bring new ways for collaboration and design in 3D; the mobile augmented reality (MAR) technology is one of them. MAR is augmented reality technology which is provided by mobile devices. This study focuses on the early design process of collaborative designers' communication when they are working with the MAR technology. We developed a MAR environment for designers, and conducted an experiment to understand the key elements of the interaction of the designers with the interface. The communication and interaction of the designers are analyzed using the protocol analysis method. The results show that the MAR technology supports the co-design activities encouraging the designers to manipulate the created artefact. The results of the study would be indicative for future studies.

Background
Calceology, the interdisciplinary study of footwear, encompasses historical, cultural, psychological, and health perspectives. This review explores the multifaceted roles of footwear in shaping identity, social dynamics, and well-being, particularly within the
Indian context.
Objectives
The primary aim is to investigate how footwear choices reflect individual
psychological traits, cultural meanings, and health implications. By synthesizing existing literature, this review highlights the significance of footwear as a medium for self-expression and cultural representation.
Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant peer-reviewed articles and credible sources from the last two decades were analyzed, focusing on psychological, cultural, and health-related aspects of footwear.
Findings
Footwear serves as a powerful indicator of personal identity, emotional states, and
social signaling. 90% of participants reported footwear as a significant factor in their
self-perception. Different styles convey distinct psychological traits, while cultural
practices surrounding footwear reveal deep-rooted beliefs and traditions. Additionally,
the relationship between footwear and mental health is increasingly recognized, with
implications for comfort and psychological well-being.
Conclusion
This review emphasizes the importance of understanding footwear's cultural significance and its implications for mental health. Insights from this research can inform future studies and contribute to better designs and practices in the footwear industry, promoting both individual well-being and cultural sensitivity.

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are a recent development in online education aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the Web. They are a potentially disruptive technology, changing how education is delivered and funded around the world. MOOCs are relevant to software researchers and practitioners, not only because they will increasingly receive lifelong education through MOOCs and related technologies, but also because content creation, delivery, and enhancement of MOOCs is evolving into a new form of socially-and cognitivelyembedded software development. This paper discusses how education is being enhanced by MOOCs and other digital learning technology. In particular, we distinguish the free educational content provided by MOOCs from the emerging collaborative processes through which MOOCs are created, which is arguably more transformative on education than the content itself. We discuss blended models of higher education to suit different learner communities, as well as nascent moves toward the creation of instructional communities of educators that transcend institutional boundaries. We also explore MOOCs and their evolution as a subject for research in the learning sciences and implications for R&D in software and systems engineering.

The objective of the thesis was to evince the central position of "designalidade" and "design" in the rationalities that follow Western society since the thirteenth century. The "designalidade" would be the very visible dimension of rationality. That is, the relationship between verbal and pictorial forms of "design" that would give support and be supported by these rationalities, providing the formal specificifity of different times and places. This research has centered on two changes of rationalities. The first is the transition from Christian rationality that has occurred in the twelfth century, of a man crushed by the original sin to a man made by the image and likeness of God. This rationality arising from the Middle Ages would have two major events in Western society. First, the emergence of "drawing" in its Italian nominative forms -the widespread use of "disegno" and "disegnare" -and pictorial tradition of the "look-window", the view as if "it was God's one". This tradition would begin in the thirteenth century and reaches the twenty-first century. The second event made possible by this transition from Christian rationality throughout the new space occupied by the man in an absolute position facing the other earthly beings and things, would be it's adjustment to the demands of organization from the society in the sixteenth century. The reason "man comparable to God" would slip from the explanatory, justification and organizational forms strictly based on faith and Catholic religion, to formulate an economic and political, disciplinary, classicist and scientific of mercantilist Police State in the sixteenth century. The generalized form that the "drawing which make look through" gave to the new Christian rationality and to the emerging organizational form of Police State, between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries, I've called designalità. The widespread way in Europe since the sixteenth century to conceive the organization of society is no longer dominant in the eighteenth century -but remains as an alternative -through the emergence of new ways of thinking. The mercantilist classic State Police fails to respond satisfactorily to the social, political and economic demands of the European seventeenth and eighteenth centuries scenario and comes to identify with the new form of the modern liberal and economic State -that would become industrial. This time, it is not a change within the strictly Catholic-Christian thought. The Protestant reforms and Catholic Counter-Reform had predisposed different regions and societies to different political, economic and social events. From this change of rationalities would emerge the "design" as a new word and pictorial form widespread from the practices of "drawing". The new way to understand the rationality would be designality. However, the designalità remain, as amended by French academicism in designalité. What we have from the transition between classical and modern designalidades would then be a hybrid designality/designalité form, which would remain so until the beginning of the twenty-first century, where it finally signal evidences of the dominance of designality.

El simposio se estructuró bajo el eje temático: "El desarrollo humano y la transformación de las instituciones de educación superior en el marco de la Agenda 2030". Su propósito fundamental es reflexionar y debatir sobre cómo las instituciones educativas deben reconfigurarse para promover un desarrollo humano sostenible alineado con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), especialmente el ODS 4 (Educación de calidad). Se enfatiza la necesidad de transitar de la simple formación de profesionales hacia la formación de ciudadanos críticos con perspectiva planetaria y un fuerte compromiso con la sostenibilidad, la justicia social y la inclusión.
El documento recopila los resúmenes de conferencias magistrales y ponencias presentadas por investigadores de diversas instituciones de México y otros países (como Colombia, España y Argentina), distribuidas en varias mesas de trabajo especializadas.

We propose a model for the mechanical behavior of protein materials. Based on a limited number of experimental macromolecular parameters (persistence and contour length) we obtain the macroscopic behavior of keratin fibers (human, cow, and rabbit hair), taking into account the damage and residual stretches effects that are fundamental in many functions of life. We also show the capability of our approach to describe the main dissipation and permanent strain effects observed in the more complex spider silk fibers. The comparison between our results and the data obtained experimentally from cyclic tests demonstrates that our model is robust and is able to reproduce with a remarkable accuracy the experimental behavior of all protein materials we tested.

In this study, different electric field intensity (0.25, 3.25 and 6.25 kV/cm) and different number of pulse (10, 30 and 50) were used for optimizing the process of oil extraction from black cumin seeds using pulsed electric field pretreatment and then after using these pretreatments, the oil of seeds was extracted with screw press with different rotation speeds (11, 34 and 57 rpm), then parameters including oil extraction yield, color index, oxidative stability, refractive index and a and total phenolic of the extracted oil were studied. Statistical analysis and process optimization was performed with the use of response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that oil color index increased with increasing of electric field intensity and the number of pulses, but oxidative stability of obtained oil decreased. The results also showed that the studied parameters had non-significant effects on the refractive index; moreover the oil extraction yield reduced by increasing the rotational speed of the screw press. Increasing the electric field intensity and the number of pulses to enhance the oil extraction yield and total phenolic was but a further increase of these variables, the two parameters decreased. According to the process optimization results, it might be stated that with applying electric field intensity for about 1.18 kV/cm number of pulse 48 and screw-rotation speed of the press of 11.01 rpm, the maximum oil extraction yield, oxidative stability and total phenolic components were reached.

Ongoing and planned smallsat programs within NASA, the DoD, and academia have indicated a need to be able to routinely and efficiently operate multiple small spacecraft in support of science and technology missions. However, as the number of these missions is expected to grow rapidly, the associated costs to develop and operate unique ground control stations, tools, and networks may become prohibitive to the sponsoring organizations or universities. In order to inform and raise the awareness of the smallsat space operations community, the University of Hawai'i, NASA Ames Research Center, San Jose State University (SJSU) and American Institure of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) held a workshop entitled Plug 'n' Play Mission Operations (PPMO) which held May 16-17, 2011 at the SJSU campus in San Jose, California. The purpose of the workshop was to foster collaboration and leveraging of existing and developing capabilities that may be collectively utilized by the smallsat community for space operations. Although the emphasis of the workshop was on small satellites, many of the techniques discussed would be applicable to large spacecraft mission operations as well. The workshop explored the adoption of standards and existing capabilities as well as the creation of new technologies that will enable space mission developers to plan, design, and operate their spacecraft using a common architecture in order to reduce cost and overall mission risk. The PPMO workshop investigated the various needs of the smallsat communities (military, civil and educational space) and also touched on existing systems and capabilities (such as GSFC's GMSEC, JPL's AMMOS, and NRL's CGA used in the MC3 program) and those under development (such as HSFL's COSMOS and ESA's GENSO). The workshop also held facilitated discussions organized into categories along the lines of Approaches (programmatic and related issues), Implementation (technical solutions and architectures), and Applications (concept of operations, mission types and users). This paper presents the results of this workshop and the path forward. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .

This paper describes a concept for creating free configurable, intelligent behaving web dialogues for rule based expert systems. Free configurable is meant to indicate, that the dialogue module developed with this concept is domain independent and being configurable without needing means of programming. Intelligent means that it in spite of this independency, it can behave in accordance to the expert system's knowledge and the received user inputs.

Öz: Günümüzde bilgisayar destekli tasarım ve animasyon programlarının teknik olanakları sayesinde hareketli olarak tasarlanan afişler, yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Grafik tasarımın hareket unsuru ile birleşimiyle tasarlanan hareketli afişlerin sahip olduğu dinamizm, mesajı hedef kitleye oldukça dikkat çekici bir şekilde ileterek iletişimi güçlendirmektedir. Afişlerde yer alan hareketli ve hareketsiz öğelerin bir arada uyumlu ve dengeli tasarlanması, mesajın hedef kitleye iletilmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Hareketli afişlerin üretim sürecinde de denge, vurgu, ritim, hiyerarşi gibi grafik tasarım ilkelerine uygunluğu göz önünde bulundurulmaktadır. Tiyatro afişleri, sahnelenen bir eserin hedef kitleye duyurulmasını sağlayan bir grafik tasarım ürünüdür. Çocuk izleyici kitlesine sahip olan çocuk tiyatrosu hem eğlendirici hem de eğiticidir. Çocuk oyunlarının içeriğinin yanında, afiş tasarımlarının da çocuğa görelik ilkelerine ve çocuk gerçekliğine uygun olması gerekmektedir. Grafik tasarımcı, çocuğa göre bir afiş tasarlayabilmek için, çocukların gelişim özelliklerini ve beğenilerini yakından tanımalıdır. Bu araştırmada; tiyatro, çocuk izleyici kitlesinin özellikleri ve afiş tasarım unsurları üzerine literatür taraması yapılmış ve çocuk tiyatrosu afişlerinin tasarımlarında bulunması gereken özellikler belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen Kesit Akademi Dergisi - 4 www.kesitakademi.com 589 Alman Schauburg Tiyatrosu Çocuk Oyunu Hareketli Afişlerinin Grafik Tasarım … bulgular ışığında, Alman Schauburg Tiyatrosu çocuk oyunlarının hareketli afiş tasarımları; grafik tasarım ilkelerine göre incelenmiştir. Özgün ve ortak bir tasarım diline sahip olduğu görülen bu bir dizi hareketli afişte; görsel, tipografik ve hareketli unsurların kullanımı, grafik tasarımın temel ilkeleri açısından ele alınmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Afiş, çocuk tiyatro oyunu afişleri, grafik tasarım, hareketli afiş tasarımı, Schauburg tiyatrosu.

Figure . We explore a user-centered approach to personalizing objects. In our prototype, BodyMeter, users set the dimensions of furniture through full-body gestures and simple voice commands, while gaining a situated and first person view of the design using virtual reality.

In support of the High Average Power Laser (HAPL) project the Electra Laser, a KrF Gas Laser system is being developed at NRL. The laser uses high voltage (500 -800 keV), high current (100 -500 kA), short pulse (100 -600 ns) electron beams to pump the 0.14 MPa (20 psi) pressurized KrF gas cell, which is separated from the vacuum region by a 25 m-thick stainless steel foil, the Hibachi Foil. The foil is made of SUS304, operates between 180 C and 450 C, and has typical dimensions of about 0.3 m 1.0 m. The laser pulses at up to 5 Hz, and the foil is subjected to repetitive thermal and mechanical stresses. In typical experiments, the foil lasts 1000 -20,000 shots before suffering a catastrophic failure. In an attempt to improve foil performance a variety of design modifications are being considered along with changes in foil material. Earlier Hibachi foil designs used flat foils resting on 0.3 m long square watercooled supporting ribs (1 cm wide). There is a 3.4 cm gap between ribs. . Advanced Hibachi foil concepts are under development using a scalloped foil design. In this paper we report on the comparative thermo-mechanical analysis between flat and scalloped foil geometries. It is demonstrated that the scalloped design reduces stresses to within yield limits of the stainless steel material.

ITER DCLL (Dual Coolant Liquid Lead) TBM (Test Blanket Module) uses a Flow Channel Insert (FCI), to test the feasibility of high temperature DCLL concepts for future power reactors. The FCI serves a dual function of electrical insulation, to mitigate MHD effects, and thermal insulation to keep steel-PbLi interface temperatures below allowable limits. As a nonstructural component, the key performance requirements of the FCI structure are compatibility with PbLi, longterm radiation damage resistance, maintaining insulating properties over the lifetime, adequate insulation even in case of localized failures, and manufacturability. The main loads on the FCI are thermally induced due to through the thickness temperature gradients and due to non-uniform PbLi temperatures along the flow channel (~1.6 m). A number of SiC-based materials are being developed for FCI applications, including SiC/SiC composites and porous SiC bonded between CVD SiC face sheets. Here, we report on an FCI design based on open-cell SiC-foam material. Thermo-mechanical analysis of this FCI concept indicate that a SiC-foam FCI structure is capable of withstanding anticipated primary and secondary stresses during operation in an ITER TBM environment. A complete 30 cm long prototypical segment of the FCI structure was designed and is being fabricated, demonstrating the SiC-foam based FCI structure to be very low-cost and viability candidate for an ITER TBM FCI structure.