[2011-01-20-1]εǿ줿褦ˡĸ ( Proto-Indo-European ) ε˴ؤƤϽ⤬ƤƤߤǤϡ饤ʡեΥƥåӤ˱ɤ륬ʸ ( the Kurgan culture ) ô꤬ĸüԤäȤ⤬ŪͥǤ롥ǽˤγΤϹųؼ Gimbutas ǡ1963ǯʸǽΰ衼åѵ˰ۤ饫ԳФƥ볤Ϥ륹ƥåӤθζǤϤʤųؤˤĤƤϤޤ糰ʸɤǤߤݤϰʲ̤Ǥ롥
(1) ӸؾȤơĸθζ Finno-Ugric, Caucasian, Semitic ²ζ٤ˤä˰㤤ʤ
(2) ΤʤǶɤʬۤθȡĸθζŪ¤줿ϰƱꤵ롥
(3) 衼åѤζȲꤷ硤ʬۤ Indic ɤ Tocharian ( see [2009-08-06-1], [2009-08-14-1] ) ΤؤưȤʤ뤬ųŪʾڵϤʤ
(4) Фơ3ǯȾΥ桼饷ƥåӤˤϳȯʸήΤäȤųŪ˳ξڤƤ롥
(5) ˥桼饷ƥåӤ˱ɤ륬ʸ¸ߤ⤫Ӿ夬äƤ롥Kurgan Ȥϥǡ͡ʯ "barrow" ̣롥ʸιųؾκħϡԤڤäͤǤꡤܤ̹ʸ ( the North Pontic culture ) ȤоȤʤ

(6) 륬ʸôĹƬؾ椬⤯㤷äȤ롥3ǯˤϡǤˤĤѼʬƤꡤϤʽĤǵ֤ξȾͷŪĤǤȹͤ롥Ϥʲ²ˤäȿŪʽĤǡ֤äƤꡤ3ǯȾˤϥ衼åѳϤƤϼĤƤä *
That the Kurgan people succeeded in conquering almost two-thirds of the European continent was probably largely due to their social organization and to the possession of vehicles. (827)
(7) 衼åΤ˽ʸͻ礬ꡤϤ͡ʸʬƤä
For about two or three centuries after the Kurgan appearance in Europe, archeology shows a coexistence of different cultural elements, a process of hybridization, a degeneration and a gradual disappearance of local elements. The old cultural patterns tapered off, but the influence of the substratum cultures remained as a strong undercurrent which led to an increased differentiation of the culture and to the formation of a variety of separate groups. (827)
(8) Υ륬ʬôꤳĸζ̤ʤΤǤϤʤ
I would like to see in the expanding Kurgan people the common ancestors of all Indo-European groups that formed in the successive centuries in Europe and the Near East. (829)
ä˽פϡ륬ʸᤤʳʬƤȿꤵƤ뤳ȤǤ롥衼åˤ̹ʸ䥫եʸͻ礷ƤꡤʹߤϤޤޤʸͻ礷ƤɬͤʽĤǤϤʤäȤȤϡӸؾθκƷɤΤ褦˲᤹٤Ȥˤ礭ؤäƤ롥
˰ưͤǤʤʸ---ϲǤʤߤΰ²ˤ⤢ƤϤޤɽǤ롥
There never was a period of "definitive development and of a final linguistic crystallization"---either in prehistoric, or in historic times. All was fluid, all was and still is changing. (833)
Gimbutas, Marija. "Indo-Europeans: Archeological Problems." American Anthropologist 65 (1963): 815--36.
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