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ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2015-05-12 Tue

#2206. Ƶ̾Ѥưɽο (2) [reflexive_pronoun][verb][personal_pronoun][voice]

#2185. Ƶ̾Ѥưɽο ([2015-04-21-1]) ơĴ٤ƤߤȤ𤹤롥Jespersen äƤߤε񤤤Ȥˤܤ˹ͤƤȤJespersen ȯ΢դ줿褦ʵ-self κƵ̾βŪʽŤȤ˲äme him ʤɤñƵ̾ΰ̣Ūʷڤ뤤 "dative of interest" ˡ (cf. #980. ethical dative ([2012-01-02-1])) ȤƤΰʬϤͿƤΤǤϤʤȤĹʬ䤹ʤΤǰѤ褦 (Jespersen 325)

Omission of Reflexive Pronouns
16.21. In a great many cases the verb as used intransitively represents an older reflexive verb. The change of construction may have been brought about in two ways. In the older stages of the language the ordinary personal pronoun was used in a reflexive sense, but me in I rest me, originally in the accusative (he hine reste), might easily be felt as representing a 'dative of interest' (cf I buy me a hat, etc.) and thus be discarded as really superfluous. In the second place, after the self-pronouns had come to be generally used, the reflexive object in I dress myself might be taken to be the empathic pronoun in apposition to the nominative (the difference in stress not being always strictly maintained) and thus might easily appear superfluous. The tendency is towards getting rid of the cumbersome self-pronoun whenever no ambiguity is to be feared; thus a modern Englishman or American will say I wash, dress, and shave, where his ancestor would add (me, or) myself in each case. One of the reasons for this evolution is evidently the heaviness of the forms myself, ourselves, etc., while there is not the same inducement in other languages to get rid of the short me, se, mich, sich, migh, sig, sja, etc. Hence also the development of the activo-passive use . . . in many cases where other languages have either the reflexive or the passive forms that have arisen out of the reflexive (Scand. -s, Russian -sja, -s.)


ΰѤθǡJespersen ŪȤƤκƵ̾줬ά줿ưɽѸ¿󤲤ƤįƤȡ¿ư줬Ѹˤơּư첽פƤǧǤ롥դˤСδФϡɽ⤢ɽ⤫ĤƤϺƵ̾ȼäƤΤȶäФ˺Ƶ̾ѤȴФƤߤ롥

we bowed our selves towards him (Bacon A 4.34)
may I complain my selfe (Sh R 2 I 2.42)
they drew themselves more westerly towards the Red sea (Raleigh)
I dress my selfe handsome, till thy returne (Sh H 4 B II.4.302)
I though it would make me feel myself a boy again, but . . . I never felt so old as I do to-day (Barrie T 65)
Both I do repent me and repent it (Sh)
[he] retyr'd himselfe To Italy (Sh R 2 IV 1.96)
He . . . hath solne him home to bed (Sh Ro II 1.4)
Jesus turned him about (AV Matth. 9.22)
yeeld thee, coward (Sh Mcb V 8.23)

Ƶ̾ξάȴϢơ̾ (each other, one another) ξάѥʷȤƤߤ뤳ȤǤ (Jespersen 332) we meet, we kiss, we marry Τ褦Ūʰ̣ˤƼưȤƻȤ뤬ŪȤ each other ȼäƤembrace, greet, hug ʤɤ⤳롥

Jespersen, Otto. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Part III. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, 1954.

Referrer (Inside): [2015-09-01-1] [2015-05-13-1]

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2015-04-21 Tue

#2185. Ƶ̾Ѥưɽο [reflexive_pronoun][verb][personal_pronoun][voice][middle_voice]

ե󥹸ؽԤե󥹸ˤ̾ưȤƥ꡼뤬ѸˤϤʤΤϤʤȤǤ롥ŪˤϡMa mere se lève tôt. ʻ᤯ˤΤ褦ʸˤ롤se leve ʬ̾ưȤ졤ֺƵ̾ưפȤ¤ʤƤ롥ѸˤʤСMy mother raises herself early. ȤɽǤ롥̤αѸǤ rise get up ʤɤưѤȤǡե󥹸Ǥ̾ưȤȤΤ¿ޤɥĸǤ Du hast dich gar nicht verändert. (You haven't changed at all) Τ褦ˡֺƵ̾ưפ褯Ѥ̾ưŪɽȯãƤȤ롥
Τ褦ɽϵŪˤϰĸ (middle_voice) ˡ̤ꡤäưˤ¿쾯ʤбʪ¸ߤ롥ºݡѸˤ help oneself, behave oneself, pride oneself on ʤɺƵ̾ư줬¤ʤɽ¿롥ѸǤϥե󥹸̾ưΤ褦ư1ƥ꡼ȤߤۤɤˤȯãƤʤȤΤϻ¤ˤΤϡȤ̤ȤȤˤʤ롥ѸǺƵ̾ѤưɽΩʤΤϤʤ
εΤ˲褦Ȥк٤Ĵɬפ뤬绨ĤˤСѸǤŤϺƵ̾ȼưɽä˭٤ˤäȤȤǤ롥¾ưܺƵ̾פΤߤʤ餺ּưܺƵ̾פι¤ŤϤä¿Ԥϡ#578. go him ([2010-11-26-1]) #1392. ͿʤκƵ̾ ([2013-02-17-1]) ǸȤǤ롥Τ褦ʹ¤ʤư췲ˤϸʩȸȤӤΤ¿ưɽ魯ư (ex. go, return, run, sit, stand, turn) Ū֤ɽ魯ư (ex. doubt, dread, fear, remember) ɽ魯ư (buy, choose, get, make, procure, seek, seize, steal) ¾ (bear, bethink, rest, revenge, sport, stay) äȤΤ褦ɽ϶Ѹʹߤ˽Ѥ졤Ƶ̾æ˻ä
ѸǤƵ̾æĬή塹³Ƥ롥㤨Сadjust (oneself) to, behave (oneself), dress (oneself), hide (oneself), identify (oneself) with, prepare (oneself) for, prove (oneself) (to be), wash (oneself), worry (oneself) ʤɤǤϡƵ̾Τʤñʹ¤ޤ뷹롥Quirk et al. (358) ϡΤ褦ư "semi-reflexive verb" ȸƤǤ롥
ʾޤȤСѸޤǤϰĸͳ褹Ūʷ֤򤢤٤ޤݻȯŸƤʹߤƵŪʷִ֤ƤȤѸˤƤοबʤΤȤ櫓ʤѸȤߥ󥰤ΤˤĤƤϡʤĴɬפǤ롥Ƶ̾η֤ -self ׵᤹褦ˤʤꡤŪ˽ŤʤäȤȤ⤢뤫⤷ʤʱѸˤˤƺƵ̾줬 -self ޤͭη֤߽ФΤѸʹߤǤꡤ⤽ʸζѸǤ⡤-self ޤޤʤ̤ο;̾äƺƵ̾ѤƤȤա#1851. Ƶ̾ oneself ͳˤĤƤν ([2014-05-22-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ뤤ϡñΤưФ̣ŪʺʬϤȤȤ⤢ʣŪʻ٤Τ褦˻פ롥

Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman, 1985.

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