Entomofagija

Entomofagija (grč. ἔντομον éntomon, "insekt" i φαγεῖν phagein, "jesti") je praksa jedenja insekata. Alternativni termin je insektivorija.^[1]^[2]

Entomofagija se ponekad definira i kao jedenje člankonožaca koji nisu insekti, poput paučnjaka i stonoga; jedenje paučnjaka može se također nazivati arahnofagijom.

Kod ostalih

Glavni članak: Insektivor

Entomofagija je široko rasprostranjena među mnogim životinjama, uključujući i primate isključujući ljude.^[3] Životinje koje se hrane prvenstveno insektima nazivaju se insektivori.

Insekti,^[4] valjkasti crvi^[5] i gljive^[6] koje se hrane insektima ponekad se nazivaju entomofagima, posebno u kontekstu primjene biološke kontrole. Oni se također mogu preciznije klasificirati u predatore, parazite ili parazitoide, dok se virusi, bakterije i gljive koje rastu na insektima ili unutar njih također mogu nazvati entomopatogenima.

Kod ljudi

Glavni članak: Entomofagija kod ljudi

Entomofagija se naučno opisuje kao široko rasprostranjena među primatima isključujući ljude i uobičajena među mnogim ljudskim zajednicama.^[3] Naučni termin koji opisuje praksu jedenja insekata od strane ljudi je antropo-entomofagija.^[7] Jaja, larve, kukuljice i odrasle jedinke određenih insekata ljudi su jeli od praistorije do danas.^[8] Oko 3.000 etničkih grupa praktikuje entomofagiju.^[9] Jedenje insekata od strane ljudi (antropo-entomofagija) uobičajeno je u kulturama u većem dijelu svijeta, uključujući Centralnu i Južnu Ameriku, Afriku, Aziju, Australiju i Novi Zeland. Osamdeset posto svjetskih nacija jede insekte od 1.000 do 2.000 vrsta.^[10]^[11] FAO je registrovao oko 1.900 jestivih vrsta insekata i procjenjuje da je 2005. godine bilo oko dvije milijarde konzumenata insekata širom svijeta. FAO predlaže jedenje insekata kao moguće rješenje za degradaciju okoliša uzrokovanu stočarskom proizvodnjom.^[12] Iako su ovi proizvodi sve dostupniji, nedavna istraživanja pokazuju da je malo vjerovatno da će hrana na bazi insekata značajno zamijeniti tradicionalno meso.^[13] Samo mala manjina potrošača bi razmotrila zamjenu mesa insektima.^[14] U SAD-u i Evropi, gdje se insekti tradicionalno ne jedu, kulturne barijere i gađenje ograničavaju usvajanje, što navodi većinu kompanija da se fokusiraju na tržište stočne hrane.^[14]

U nekim društvima, prvenstveno zapadnim zemljama, entomofagija je neuobičajena ili tabu.^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20] Danas je jedenje insekata neuobičajeno u Sjevernoj Americi i Evropi, ali insekti ostaju popularna hrana u drugim zemljama, a neke kompanije pokušavaju uvesti insekte kao hranu u zapadnjačku ishranu.^[21] Nedavna analiza podataka Google Trendsa pokazala je da su ljudi u Japanu od 2013. godine postali sve zainteresovaniji za entomofagiju.^[22]

Povezano

Reference

↑ Deluycker, Anneke M. (2017). „Insectivory”. The International Encyclopedia of Primatology. str. 1–3. DOI:10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0062. ISBN 978-0-470-67337-9.
↑ Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno (2010). „Entomophagy and its impact on world cultures: the need for a multidisciplinary approach”. Edible Forest Insects 6 (2): 23–36.
1 2 Raubenheimer, David; Rothman, Jessica M. (January 2013). „Nutritional ecology of entomophagy in humans and other primates”. Annual Review of Entomology 58 (141–160): 141–160. Bibcode 2013AREnt..58..141R. DOI:10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100713. PMID 23039342.
↑ Clausen, Curtis Paul (1940). Entomophagous insects. OCLC 807191. Šablon:Page needed
↑ Poinar, G.O. (1986). „Entomophagous Nematodes”. Fortschritte der Zoologie 32: 95–121.
↑ Domnas, Aristotle J.; Warner, Steven A. (1991). „Biochemical Activities of Entomophagous Fungi”. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 18 (1): 1–13. DOI:10.3109/10408419109113507. PMID 1854431.
↑ Ramos-Elorduy, Julieta (2009). „Anthropo-entomophagy: Cultures, evolution and sustainability”. Entomological Research 39 (5): 271–288. DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5967.2009.00238.x.
↑ „Entomophagy (Eating insects)”. Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California (Research). Pristupljeno 27 January 2014.
↑ Ramos-Elorduy, Julieta; Menzel, Peter (1998). Creepy crawly cuisine: the gourmet guide to edible insects. Inner Traditions / Bear & Company. str. 44. ISBN 978-0-89281-747-4. Pristupljeno 23 April 2014.
↑ Carrington, Damian (1 August 2010). „Insects could be the key to meeting food needs of growing global population”. The Guardian.
↑ Ramos-Elorduy, Julieta (2009). „Anthropo-entomophagy: Cultures, evolution and sustainability”. Entomological Research 39 (5): 271–288. DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5967.2009.00238.x.
↑ „Insects for food and feed” (Press releases). FAO. Pristupljeno 2019-02-17.
↑ Milman, Oliver (2025-06-25). „'Yuck factor': eating insects rather than meat to help the planet is failing, study finds” (en-GB). The Guardian. Pristupljeno 2025-11-14.
1 2 Biteau, Corentin; Bry-Chevalier, Tom; Crummett, Dustin; Ryba, Ren; Jules, Michael St. (2025). „Beyond the buzz: Insect-based foods are unlikely to significantly reduce meat consumption”. npj Sustainable Agriculture 3 (1). Bibcode 2025npjSA...3...35B. DOI:10.1038/s44264-025-00075-z.
↑ Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno (2009). „Food taboos: their origins and purposes”. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 5 (18). DOI:10.1186/1746-4269-5-18. PMC 2711054. PMID 19563636.
↑ Weiss, M. L.; Mann, A.E. (1985). Human Biology and Behaviour: An Anthropological Perspective.. Little Brown & Co.. ISBN 978-0-673-39013-4. Šablon:Page needed
↑ McElroy, A.; Townsend, P. K. (1989). Medical Anthropology in Ecological Perspective. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-0742-8.
↑ Saggers, S.; Gray, D. (1991). Aboriginal Health & Society: The Traditional and Contemporary Aboriginal Struggle for Better Health. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-86373-057-0. Šablon:Page needed
↑ Gordon, David George (1998). The Eat-A-Bug Cookbook. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-0-89815-977-6. Šablon:Page needed
↑ Wilson, Charles B. (2015). All Cricket, No Bull.... CreateSpace. ISBN 978-1503079649. Šablon:Page needed
↑ Thompson, Addie (7 July 2013). „Want To Help Solve The Global Food Crisis? Eat More Crickets”. Forbes.
↑ 高田, 兼太 (2022). „昆虫食に対する日本人の関心は本当に高まっているのか？” [Do Japanese interest in anthropo-entomophagy become really increased? Analysys on the Japanese interest using Google Trend (preliminary study)] (ja). 伊丹市昆虫館研究報告 10. DOI:10.34335/itakon.10.0_11.

Daljnje čitanje

Clausen, Curtis Paul (1940). Entomophagous insects. OCLC 807191. Šablon:Page needed
Domnas, Aristotle J.; Warner, Steven A. (1991). „Biochemical Activities of Entomophagous Fungi”. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 18 (1): 1–13. DOI:10.3109/10408419109113507. PMID 1854431.
Ramos-Elorduy, Julieta (2009). „Anthropo-entomophagy: Cultures, evolution and sustainability”. Entomological Research 39 (5): 271–288. DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5967.2009.00238.x.

Vanjske poveznice

Datoteke u vezi s temom Entomofagija na Wikimedijinoj ostavi

„Edible insects”. New Scientist 193 (2595): 56. 2007. DOI:10.1016/s0262-4079(07)60691-5.
Edible insects: Future prospects for food and feed security
Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed European Food Safety Authority 2015

[1] Deluycker, Anneke M. (2017). „Insectivory”. The International Encyclopedia of Primatology. str. 1–3. DOI:10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0062. ISBN 978-0-470-67337-9.

[2] Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno (2010). „Entomophagy and its impact on world cultures: the need for a multidisciplinary approach”. Edible Forest Insects 6 (2): 23–36.

[raubenheimer-rothman-2013-3] 1 2 Raubenheimer, David; Rothman, Jessica M. (January 2013). „Nutritional ecology of entomophagy in humans and other primates”. Annual Review of Entomology 58 (141–160): 141–160. Bibcode 2013AREnt..58..141R. DOI:10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100713. PMID 23039342.

[4] Clausen, Curtis Paul (1940). Entomophagous insects. OCLC 807191. Šablon:Page needed

[5] Poinar, G.O. (1986). „Entomophagous Nematodes”. Fortschritte der Zoologie 32: 95–121.

[6] Domnas, Aristotle J.; Warner, Steven A. (1991). „Biochemical Activities of Entomophagous Fungi”. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 18 (1): 1–13. DOI:10.3109/10408419109113507. PMID 1854431.

[7] Ramos-Elorduy, Julieta (2009). „Anthropo-entomophagy: Cultures, evolution and sustainability”. Entomological Research 39 (5): 271–288. DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5967.2009.00238.x.

[8] „Entomophagy (Eating insects)”. Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California (Research). Pristupljeno 27 January 2014.

[Ramos-Elorduy_1998_44-9] Ramos-Elorduy, Julieta; Menzel, Peter (1998). Creepy crawly cuisine: the gourmet guide to edible insects. Inner Traditions / Bear & Company. str. 44. ISBN 978-0-89281-747-4. Pristupljeno 23 April 2014.

[theguardian-10] Carrington, Damian (1 August 2010). „Insects could be the key to meeting food needs of growing global population”. The Guardian.

[Ramos_2009-11] Ramos-Elorduy, Julieta (2009). „Anthropo-entomophagy: Cultures, evolution and sustainability”. Entomological Research 39 (5): 271–288. DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5967.2009.00238.x.

[12] „Insects for food and feed” (Press releases). FAO. Pristupljeno 2019-02-17.

[13] Milman, Oliver (2025-06-25). „'Yuck factor': eating insects rather than meat to help the planet is failing, study finds” (en-GB). The Guardian. Pristupljeno 2025-11-14.

[Biteau_Bry-Chevalier_Beyond_the_buzz-14] 1 2 Biteau, Corentin; Bry-Chevalier, Tom; Crummett, Dustin; Ryba, Ren; Jules, Michael St. (2025). „Beyond the buzz: Insect-based foods are unlikely to significantly reduce meat consumption”. npj Sustainable Agriculture 3 (1). Bibcode 2025npjSA...3...35B. DOI:10.1038/s44264-025-00075-z.

[Meyer-Rochow_2009-15] Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno (2009). „Food taboos: their origins and purposes”. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 5 (18). DOI:10.1186/1746-4269-5-18. PMC 2711054. PMID 19563636.

[Weiss&Mann-16] Weiss, M. L.; Mann, A.E. (1985). Human Biology and Behaviour: An Anthropological Perspective.. Little Brown & Co.. ISBN 978-0-673-39013-4. Šablon:Page needed

[17] McElroy, A.; Townsend, P. K. (1989). Medical Anthropology in Ecological Perspective. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-0742-8.

[18] Saggers, S.; Gray, D. (1991). Aboriginal Health & Society: The Traditional and Contemporary Aboriginal Struggle for Better Health. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-86373-057-0. Šablon:Page needed

[19] Gordon, David George (1998). The Eat-A-Bug Cookbook. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-0-89815-977-6. Šablon:Page needed

[20] Wilson, Charles B. (2015). All Cricket, No Bull.... CreateSpace. ISBN 978-1503079649. Šablon:Page needed

[21] Thompson, Addie (7 July 2013). „Want To Help Solve The Global Food Crisis? Eat More Crickets”. Forbes.

[22] 高田, 兼太 (2022). „昆虫食に対する日本人の関心は本当に高まっているのか？” [Do Japanese interest in anthropo-entomophagy become really increased? Analysys on the Japanese interest using Google Trend (preliminary study)] (ja). 伊丹市昆虫館研究報告 10. DOI:10.34335/itakon.10.0_11.

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