ѸˤǤϡ8ȾФ11ޤǡˤˤѸȸťΥɸ (old_norse) ǻ̩ʸܿ (contact) ФȤʤ롥ܥ֥ǤϢ¿εƤȤƤΤξüԡˤ褽δطˤäȤȤ
2δؤܿ¿ΥǤϡҲŪʾ岼ζ̤ΤǤ롥Υ֥ƥ翯άαѸȥȸθܿǤϡѸ줬 (superstratum) ǥȸ줬 (substratum) äޤΥޥʸαѸȥեθܿǤϡѸ줬 (substratum) ǥե줬 (superstratum) ä
ҲŪʾ岼ΤǤϤʤ2Ĥθ줬¤ (adstratum) Ȥʤ륱⤢롥嵭αѸȸťΥɸθܿϡŵȤƵ뤳Ȥ¿
Τ褦⤦1ĵȤȡޥȸȥեθܿȤʤ롥츫ȻۼԤǤե줬̤ǡۼԤǤޥȸ줬̤ȤҲŪʴطΩƤȹͤ뤫⤷ʤMillar (4--5) ˤȲ¤ӤȹͤΤǤŬڤȤ
In post-Roman Gaul, for instance, the relationship between the military dominant Franks and the Romano-Celtic population whom they ruled was not one of a genuinely superstratal versus substratal type. Instead, the relationship between the two groupings are best described as adstratal. While the military power of the Franks was considerable, their administration for Roman tradition and lifestyle was perpetually present; they were often bilingual. By the same token, the Gallo-Roman elite appear to have been happy to take on aspects of Frankish culture --- in particularly, names --- from an early period. No doubt they were more than aware of the centre towards which power, influence and capital of various sorts was now flowing. The Frankish influence upon the ancestor of modern French are visible, therefore, but they tend to be concentrated in particular semantic fields, such as the technology and practice of warfare and fortification, where the Franks' primary expertise and power base lay. A good example of this is Modern French maréchal 'supreme war leader', but originally 'leader of the cavalry', borrowed early on from Frankish.
Ѹˤȥեˤ˴ؤ "adstratal relationship" 2ȤõƤ
Millar, Robert McColl. Contact: The Interaction of Closely Related Linguistic Varieties and the History of English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2016.
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