Pixel Scroll 11/21/25 Pixel’s Not Scrolling, Man

(1) SOLD BY VOLUME NOT WEIGHT. Weightless Books delivered the Summer 2025 issue of F&SF to digital subscribers today. Interestingly, it’s labeled Volume 1 on the cover, but inside the Indicia says it’s Volume 147.

A new issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction is here at last from new publisher Must Read Magazines! Featuring @nnedi.bsky.social, @mauricebroaddus.bsky.social, @matthewkressel.net and @mercuriodrivera.bsky.social, @justinkey.bsky.social and more: weightlessbooks.com/the-magazine…

Weightless Books (@weightlessbooks.bsky.social) 2025-11-21T15:17:25.308Z

(2) FUTURE TENSE. The new Future Tense Fiction story for November 2025 is “Subsidence,” by E. G. Condé.

The story is about the intersection of data centers, AI systems, and nuclear energy. It explores how data center systems can fail and the role of human workers in keeping systems online, attending to finicky machines, and diagnosing hard-to-sniff-out problems with their intuition and experience. The author is also an anthropologist of computing who has done extensive research in and around data centers.

The response essay “Is It Possible to Store Data in DNA?” is by author and musician Claire L. Evans.

… As much as we may pretend otherwise—imagining our terabytes of stored photos, files, and text to be eternal—data is no exception to this rule. Every digital calculation grinds away at its host servers at a molecular scale, producing accumulated frictions that escape as relentless heat. To keep it at bay, data centers depend on constant air-conditioning and convective pipes coursing with cooled water. Without continual monitoring and backup cooling systems ready to kick on at a moment’s notice, the heat produced by the internet’s constant calculations could easily spark the kind “thermal runaway event” detailed in E. G. Condé’s striking short story “Subsidence.” At scale, in less than half an hour, such an event would quite literally melt the cloud as we know it. 

Every digital calculation grinds away at its host servers at a molecular scale, producing accumulated frictions that escape as relentless heat.

“Heat is the waste product of computation,” Condé writes in his other life as an anthropologist of computing, under the name Steven Gonzalez. “If left unchecked, it becomes a foil to the workings of digital civilization.”…

(3) ‘PLURIBUS’ A BIG SUCCESS. “Vince Gilligan’s ‘Pluribus’ Sets Record For Biggest Apple TV Drama Series Launch” reports Deadline.

Years of unprecedented secrecy, a hard to explain premise and a title many have to look up in the dictionary did not hamper Pluribus‘ launch as Apple TV‘s most viewed drama of all time. According to the streamer, the series from Breaking Bad creator Vince Gilligan broke the record previously held by Severance Season 2 for the biggest global drama series launch cross Apple TV’s more than 100 territories, led by the U.S., UK, Canada, Brazil, Australia, Germany, Mexico, India and France.

In the U.S., the viewership high mark has been corroborated by the Nielsen Streaming Content Ratings, measuring minutes for Episodes 1 and 2 of drama originals over premiere weekend. Pluribus, starring Rhea Seehorn, debuted with two episodes Friday, Nov. 7.

While official Nielsen data will not be available for a couple of weeks, Luminate reported earlier this week that Pluribus logged 6.4M hours with its first two episodes over the first seven days of release in the U.S., a strong showing that landed the series at #4 for the week behind shows that all had significantly more episodes available.

There also has been anecdotal evidence, with reports of the Apple TV app crashing from high demand after the first two episodes of Pluribus were put up on the platform….

(4) SHOCKING LACK OF ATTENTION. “The British library is in crisis: why does nobody care?” asks CityAM.

The widespread indifference to the British Library’s crippling cyberattack demonstrates a perilous failure to value the knowledge infrastructure vital for national prosperity, says Hetan Shah

The head of a critical British information body has resigned. No, not the BBC. At the start of this month the chief executive of the British Library, the UK’s national library based in Kings Cross, left her role after less than a year in post. And virtually no one noticed. 

The media’s near-silence parallels the national reaction to the major cyberattack the Library suffered two years ago. So limited was the coverage that even parliament was oblivious. Around six months after the cyber incident I talked to the then chair of the science select committee, who was not aware of this incident that was having such a profound impact on the research community. 

Why the lack of interest? Contrast this with the fascination in the leadership travails of the Turing Institute, an artificial intelligence body (ironically enough physically housed in the British Library) which has had sustained coverage across the media. The nation rightly values scientific infrastructure, but it pays extraordinarily little attention to what is happening at our national library….

(5) ALAN DEAN FOSTER – DEAD MAN’S TALE. Free download at this link, courtesy of the author: “Dead Man’s Tale” at Hidden Door.

In the near future, people can volunteer to become a Nul — an empty vessel for a tiny creature called a NyVarnn, who are curious about the human experience.

You volunteered for the procedure expecting death, but something went wrong and you now find yourself an unwilling passenger to an alien in control of your body, out for adventure in New York City!

(6) FIRST CALCULATOR A ‘NATIONAL TREASURE’? “Paris court blocks auction of earliest-known calculator” reports BBC.

One of the world’s first calculating machines will not go to auction as scheduled in France, after a Paris court provisionally blocked the historic item from being exported.

Auction house Christie’s has confirmed it will not proceed with bidding for the machine La Pascaline, developed by the French mathematician Blaise Pascal in 1642.

Valuations suggested the machine could fetch €2m to 3m (£1.7m to £2.6m), and Christie’s called it the “most important scientific instrument ever offered at auction”.

Scientists and researchers made a legal appeal to grant heritage protections to the historic instrument, arguing it should be classified as a “national treasure”.

Pascal was just 19 years old when he developed the earliest version of a calculator, Christie’s said. There are only nine of these machines still in existence.

“It is the first attempt in history to substitute the human mind with a machine,” the official collection description reads.

“Its invention marks a breakthrough, a ‘quantum leap’ whose importance and significance take on a very special meaning today.”

La Pascaline was exhibited at Christie’s venues in New York and Hong Kong throughout the year.

The machine was included in Christie’s auction of the library of the late Catalonia collector Léon Parcé, which also featured Pascal’s philosophical piece Pensées and the first printed version of “Pascal’s wager”.

On Wednesday, a Paris administrative court temporarily blocked an earlier export authorisation provided by France’s culture minister in May. Two experts had signed off on the minister’s certificate, including one from the Louvre Museum.

The judge concluded there were “serious doubts” over the legality of the certificate, a statement from the Paris court said, adding the decision was provisional until a final judgment is delivered.

In a statement to the AFP news agency, a Christie’s spokesperson said: “Given the provisional nature of this decision and in accordance with the instructions of its client, Christie’s is suspending the sale of La Pascaline.”

The court noted La Pascaline’s historic and scientific value could qualify it as a “national treasure”, guaranteeing protections under France’s heritage code….

(7) PAY THE WRITER. Writer Beware’s Victoria Strauss warns, “Royalties in Arrears: Mango Publishing / Blushing Books / Bottlecap Press”.

Publishers do a lot of bad things (as the archives of this blog attest), but among the most infuriating–and, often, the hardest to remedy–is the failure to pay authors the money they are due. Non-payment of royalties and/or failure to provide sales reporting are among the most common publisher complaints Writer Beware receives.

Below, you’ll find a collection of recent offenders….

(8) BEAR NECESSITY. BBC is there when “Prince and Princess of Wales meet Paddington Bear at Royal Variety Performance”.

The Prince and Princess of Wales shook hands with Paddington Bear and discussed marmalade sandwiches backstage at this year’s Royal Variety Performance.

Paddington, in the form of an actor in a costume from the beloved bear’s new West End musical, performed for the royal couple at the Royal Albert Hall in London on Wednesday.

Prince William said the performance was “fantastic”, before adding: “Your sandwich looks very nice.”…

… Paddington has a close connection with the Royal Family, after the character famously appeared in a sketch with the late Queen Elizabeth II for her Platinum Jubilee in 2022….

(9) SUE GRANQUIST (1966-2025). “Sue Granquist, the Chicago blogger and technology professional who wrote Black Gate‘s Goth Chick column every Thursday for sixteen years, passed away unexpectedly on Tuesday” reports John O’Neill in Black Gate’s tribute “Goth Chick, January 13, 1966 – November 18, 2025”.

(10) MEMORY LANE.

[Written by Cat Eldridge.]

November 21, 2012The Rise of the Guardians

On this day thirteen years ago, The Rise of the Guardians enjoyed its premiere in limited release with its full one that coming weekend.  It is quite possibly my favorite holiday film, though Scrooged, the original and absolutely perfect A Lion in Winter, and The Polar Express are also on the list as well. Oh, and the forty-year-old version of A Christmas Carol starring George C. Scott

It was directed by Peter Ramsey and produced by Christina Steinberg and Nancy Bernstein from a screenplay by David Lindsay-Abaire. It was based on William Joyce’s The Guardians of Childhood series, a most delightful series indeed. 

OK, IT IS TIME FOR A CUP OF HOT CHOCOLATE PREPARED BY THE STEWARDS OF THE POLAR EXPRESS. COME BACK AFTER WE HAVE TOLD THE STORY OF THIS FILM AS THERE ARE REALLY, REALLY SPOILERS THIS TIME. 

The Guardians of Childhood series was a mystical epic of mythological characters fighting darkness to protect childhood dreams. It made very good source material for that aforementioned screenplay by David Lindsay-Abaire in which Jack Frost awakens from a very long nap under the ice with his memory gone to discover everyone has forgotten him.

Meanwhile at the North Pole (splendidly realized here), the Man in the Moon warns Nicholas St. North that Pitch Black (who look a lot Mr. Dark in Bill Willingham’s Fables series) is threatening the children of the world with his nightmares. 

He calls E. Aster Bunnymund, the Sandman, and the Tooth Fairy to arms. Each of these is a wonderfully realized character as the Man in the Moon and Nicholas St. North.

A series of truly epic battles to defeat Pitch Black follows lest all the children of the world are permanently beset with nightmares. He is defeated when his own Nightmares sensing he has grown weak drag him down into the Underworld.

DID YOU ENJOY THAT HOT CHOCOLATE? GOOD, COME ON BACK. 

The feature starred the voice talents of Hugh Jackman, Jude Law and Isla Fisher among others. I think it was a stellar voice cast and the animation was splendid. I’ve rewatched it several times, and the Suck Fairy sits on the couch sighing, drinking hot chocolate, stroking a Pixel, and saying that it’s too sweet for her to mess with. The holiday season does bring out the soft side of her. 

It did exceedingly well at the box office taking in over three hundred million on a budget of one hundred and thirty million according to Box Office Mojo, and about half of the critics really liked it such as Derek Adam’s of Time Out who proclaimed “Rise of the Guardians is an effervescent dose of fantasia that’s pretty hard to dislike. Unless, of course, you’re a cynical grump.” The grumpy ones I’ll not quote, but let just say that v that a certain Nickolas gave them a lump of coal when it came out. 

The audience rating at Rotten Tomatoes is very healthy eighty percent.

It can be streamed on Peacock.

(11) COMICS SECTION.

(12) GET HAPPY. “McDonald’s Grinch Happy Meal: When, where to get it”FOX 11 Los Angeles has the story.

…The specialty meal is through a partnership between McDonald’s and Dr. Seuss Enterprises.

“THiS iS MY MEAL AND i DiDN’T PARTNER WiTH McDONALD’S OUT OF THE GOODNESS OF MY HEART,” The Grinch wrote i in a handwritten note on crumpled paper from Mt. Crumpit, according to a McDonald’s news release.

The McDonald’s Grinch Meal includes: Choice of Big Mac or 10-piece Chicken McNuggets; Dill Pickle “Grinch Salt” McShaker Fries (tangy, dill pickle seasoning); Medium Drink.

The Grinch is also being generous and adding a special gift with each meal: a pair of socks. The socks come in four colors—yellow, red, blue and green—and feature a handwritten message from The Grinch. 

The Grinch Meal will be available at all participating McDonald’s restaurants across the United States. You’ll have to check with the restaurants closest to you to see if they’re participating.

It will be available beginning on Dec. 2, 2025, and will be available for a limited time. McDonald’s did not provide an end date….

(13) WITCHING GEAR. “Bronze Age to Elphaba: The centuries-old origins of the witch’s hat” at BBC.

What’s the first image you associate with the witch? Might it be the broomstick, which was first linked to sorcery and heresy in 1342 when Irishwoman Lady Alice Kyteler was accused of witchcraft? An investigator, on searching her home, found the offending item, “upon which she ambled and galloped through thick and thin”. Or perhaps it’s the cauldron, where potions were brewed in William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Macbeth “Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn and cauldron bubble” was the witches’ now iconic incantation.

But perhaps the most enduring image of the witch is the conical hat, seen in Frank L Baum’s 1900 classic children’s novel, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz; in 1939 film The Wizard of Oz and Margaret Hamilton’s frightening depiction of the Wicked Witch of the West; in the opening cartoon credits of 1960s sitcom Bewitched; in the Harry Potter films; and of course Cynthia Erivo’s portrayal of Elphaba in the Wicked film adaptation, set to defy gravity once again when the concluding instalment, Wicked: For Good lands in theatres on 21 November.

Some of the earliest examples of conical hats are majestic, gold, tapered headpieces decorated with astronomical symbols from the Bronze Age, when it was said that the priests who likely wore them had divine knowledge and power. Pointy hats were found on the heads of Chinese mummies from the 4th to 2nd Centuries BC, earning them the modern nickname “The Witches of Subeshi” when their graves were unearthed in 1978….

(14) VIDEO OF THE DAY. How It Should Have Ended gives Predator Badlands a new twist.

[Thanks to Andrew Porter, John King Tarpinian, Chris Barkley, Joey Eschrich, Cat Eldridge, SF Concatenation’s Jonathan Cowie, Mark Roth-Whitworth, Steven French, Kathy Sullivan, and Mike Kennedy for some of these stories. Title credit belongs to File 770 contributing editor of the day Jon Meltzer.]

Pixel Scroll 10/10/25 You Are, Without Doubt, The Worst Pixel I’ve Ever Scrolled Of

(1) STOKERCON 2026 ADDS GOH. The Horror Writers Association has announced James Tynion IV is joining their slate of Guests of Honor for StokerCon 2026, taking place from June 4-7, 2026 in Pittsburgh, PA.

James Tyrion IV

Tynion, an Eisner Award-winning and New York Times bestselling writer and publisher, is best known for redefining the landscape of horror comics with genre-defining series such as “Something Is Killing the Children,” “The Nice House on the Lake,” “The Department of Truth,” and “Exquisite Corpses.”

In addition to his celebrated horror work, Tynion is known for his decade-long tenure writing Batman titles at DC Comics, where he co-created fan-favorite characters such as Punchline and Ghost-Maker. He has authored several Young Adult series, including the multiple GLAAD Media Award-nominated “Wynd,” and “The Woods,” which won the GLAAD Media Award in 2017. He resides in Brooklyn, New York, and is represented by United Talent Agency.

With the announcement of James Tynion IV, the StokerCon 2026 Guest of Honor roster now includes:

  • Linda Addison
  • Ann VanderMeer
  • John Shirley
  • Billy Martin
  • James Tynion IV

StokerCon is the premier annual gathering of horror writers, publishers, editors, and fans from around the world.

(2) F&SF NEWS. There’s a notice at Weightless Books’ page for The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction that says —

New subscriptions to F&SF at Weightless have been placed on a temporary hold at the request of the publisher.

No further explanation is given.

(3) CRAIG MILLER RETURNING TO HOTH. In a manner of speaking. Craig Miller told Facebook followers  yesterday he’s been invited to return as a guest at a Norwegian Star Wars con.

Eight years ago, I was a guest at a small convention called Visit Hoth, held in Finse, Norway, the tiny community where, in early 1979, we shot the exterior scenes for the snow planet Hoth for “The Empire Strikes Back”.

I had a terrific time, meeting lots of Star Wars fans and telling stories about my years working on the first two Star Wars movies. For my talk at that convention, I put together a slide show to illustrate the stories I’d be telling. That talk and slide show actually stimulated me to finally write about those years and I used the slide show as the starting point for “Star Wars Memories”.

Between covid and other issues, Visit Hoth stopped being held. But a year or two ago, a new convention started, called “Hoth Strikes Back”, put on by other people. Still held in Finse. Still held in February.

And they’ve invited me to come back as a Guest. The convention will be this February 13-15 at the Hotel Finse 1222. That’s the hotel where the cast and crew stayed while filming “The Empire Strikes Back”. …

…I’m told there’s good skiing in Finse. I don’t ski. Any activity where the stereotype is a broken leg I’m best advised to avoid. Plus, being an L.A. boy, I’m not much of one for being out in the snow. Though, last time I was there, there were dogsleds and they’d take you for rides up the glacier. That was terrific. Unfortunately, at least so far, it doesn’t look like the dogsleds will be back. But I’m hopeful.

Though even without dogsleds, I’m looking forward to this.

(4) HOW THEY DID IT. The New York Times’ “Anatomy of a Scene” series invites readers to “Watch a Light Cycle Chase in ‘Tron: Ares’”. Video at the link. Link bypasses the paywall.

…In this sequence, Julian Dillinger (Evan Peters), who runs the tech company Dillinger Systems, has created artificial intelligence programs that can be laser printed and operate outside of the grid. But they are only able to function for 29 minutes in the real world before disintegrating. That can all change with access to the permanence code, which allows A.I. creations to exist in real-world space indefinitely.

But Julian has learned that Eve Kim (Greta Lee), the chief executive of a competitive tech company, has found the code. He dispatches his programs Ares (Jared Leto) and Athena (Jodie Turner-Smith) to chase down Eve to retrieve it.

Narrating the scene, the director Joachim Ronning said, “I put so much pressure on myself and everybody to get this right, because it’s such an iconic part of the ‘Tron’ universe.”

That involved spending a year coming up with the sequence, working with the production designer Darren Gilford on many of the elements. The filmmakers shot on the streets of Vancouver, building light cycles that they could mount cameras on for immersive effect….

(5) BUCKET LIST. Fantasy Land News covers the array of TRON: Ares popcorn buckets and snack paraphernalia being offered by different theater chains: “$74.99 Lightcycle Popcorn Bucket Leads Massive TRON: Ares Theater Collectibles Lineup”.

…Ahead of Disney’s TRON: Ares theatrical release on October 10, 2025, a massive and intricately designed line of Popcorn Buckets and collectibles has been officially revealed by major theater chains, including AMC, Regal, Cinemark, Marcus Theaters, and Alamo Drafthouse….

(6) BIG ILLUSTRATION AUCTION. [Item by Mike Kennedy.] Live proxy bidding is already under way for Heritage Auction’s “2025 November 4 Illustration Art Signature® Auction #8224” which includes works by:

  • Chesley Bonestell
  • Frank R. Paul
  • Edmund “Emsh” Emshwiller
  • Frank Frazetta
  • Kelly Freas
  • Richard M. Powers
  • Alex Schomburg
  • Don Maitz
  • Hannes Bok
  • Rowena Morrill
  • Michael Whelan
  • Tom Kidd
  • Greg and Tim Hildebrandt
  • LeRoy Neiman
  • Charles Addams

Many more; but eventually I got tired of doing copy and paste.

The catalog cover is by Richard M. Powers. Here’s a link to the highlighted items.

(7) LEST DARKNESS FALL. “A digital dark age? The people rescuing forgotten knowledge trapped on old floppy disks”BBC tells how they’re doing it.

Some of the world’s most treasured documents can be found deep in the archives of Cambridge University Library. There are letters from Sir Isaac Newtonnotebooks belonging to Charles Darwin, rare Islamic texts and the Nash Papyrus – fragments of a sheet from 200BC containing the Ten Commandments written in Hebrew.

These rare, and often unique, manuscripts are safely stored in climate-controlled environments while staff tenderly care for them to prevent the delicate pages from crumbling and ink from flaking away.

But when the library received 113 boxes of papers and mementoes from the office of physicist Stephen Hawking, it found itself with an unusual challenge. Tucked alongside the letters, photographs and thousands of pages relating to Hawking’s work on theoretical physics, were items now not commonly seen in modern offices – floppy disks.

They were the result of Hawking’s early adoption of the personal computer, which he was able to use despite having a form of motor neurone disease known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, thanks to modifications and software. Locked inside these disks could be all kinds of forgotten information or previously unknown insights into the scientists’ life. The archivists’ minds boggled.

These disks are now part of a project at Cambridge University Library to rescue hidden knowledge trapped on floppy disks. The Future Nostalgia project reflects a larger trend in the information flooding into archives and libraries around the world….

… To address this challenge, the Future Nostalgia project is trying to piece together bits of ancient computer hardware to read rare and unusual floppy disks. Even when they have the hardware, the team must laboriously determine how disks were formatted so they can read them correctly. Talboom has also found herself delicately teasing mould off the flimsy surface of the magnetic disks to avoid scratching them.

“If people have kept them in garages or lofts, they can get mouldy,” she says….

(8) TRIVIAL TRIVIA. Here’s a bite of history.

(9) MEMORY LANE.

[Written by Paul Weimer.]

October 10, 1968 Barbarella

By Paul Weimer: Oh, Barbarella. 

I didn’t quite get why it was so controversial when I first saw it, it was a bowdlerized version of the already bowdlerized version Barbarella: Queen of the Galaxy. This was on a local channel in New York City in the 1980’s. I thought it was a funny but rather goofy looking SF movie, although of course Jane Fonda was something to look at.

(My father was upset at her being in the movie, something I did not understand for years until I understood her politics…and my own family’s politics, better)

I finally got to see the uncut and real version in the early 2000’s on DVD.  And then I could finally see what I was missing. Did it add a lot to the actual movie besides the visuals? No, but what visuals!  I slotted it in the same space as Woody Allen’s Sleeper, as a science fiction movie that talked about sex, and around sex, a lot. But going on the other visuals, the sets, costume design and props (including the infamous Excess Pleasure Machine) were just mind boggling in both of the versions I’ve seen.  

Too, the actual cinematography is mesmerizing, the camera knows where to linger, where to bring our attention in sometimes rather chaotic and baroque set pieces. I have not yet seen a 4k version of the film, but that is something I do very much need to see sometime, to see it at the maximum fidelity and clarity.  

Is it great cinema? No. But it is great art. 

(10) COMICS SECTION.

(11) NO, NEVER? The Verge hears Jim Lee declare “DC Comics won’t support generative AI: ‘not now, not ever’”.

DC Comics president and publisher Jim Lee said that the company “will not support AI-generated storytelling or artwork,” assuring fans that its future will remain rooted in human creativity. “Not now, not ever, as long as [SVP, general manager] Anne DePies and I are in charge,” Lee said during his panel at New York Comic Con on Wednesday, likening concerns around AI dominating future creative industries to the Millennium bug scare and NFT hype.

“People have an instinctive reaction to what feels authentic. We recoil from what feels fake. That’s why human creativity matters,” said Lee. “AI doesn’t dream. It doesn’t feel. It doesn’t make art. It aggregates it.”…

(12) THE NEAR TERM. [Item by Steven French.] A timely warning after a close shave (by a small space rock): “An asteroid recently flew closer to Earth than the ISS” reports Phys.org.

While these relatively small asteroids don’t pose any danger to the planet themselves, they do pose a threat to the increasing constellation of orbital infrastructure present, especially in low Earth orbit. An impact of one of these rocks, which likely occurs relatively frequently, could be the start of a chain reaction that leads to Kessler Syndrome or a similar dismal fate for our orbital infrastructure.


Unfortunately, we still don’t have the means to protect against these kinds of incursions into our planet’s personal space. To do so would require a massive effort with a combination of more ground-based telescopes linked up with space-based observatories specifically designed to track these small, dark, fast-moving objects. Given the current state of international cooperation and funding in space, that seems unlikely for now.

Until we get to that point, we just have to hope that, when we see a fireball in the sky, it’s not one of these asteroids taking out a piece of valuable orbital infrastructure. Or, if it is, then maybe that would provide enough impetus to the powers that be to do something about what could be an impending disaster that locks us on our world for decades.

(13) FUTURES PAST. Space.com remembers “How one scientist’s wide-eyed dream of giant space cities was crushed by reality”.

There once was a dream of cities in space — vast cylindrical habitats, self-sufficient and populated by millions who would look down on the Earth from their lofty perch.

Back in the 1970s, one serious scientist believed that by now this dream would have been a reality. That scientist was Princeton University professor of physics, Gerard K. O’Neill, and, for a few years, his dream of living in space made him a household name. He appeared on television, wrote a best-selling book and was invited to testify before the U.S. Congress about his vision for the future.

It’s all a far cry from the reality of 2025, where not many people get the chance to live in space, save for the 290 astronauts who have spent time on the International Space Station so far as well as the handful of astronauts stationed on various simple space stations such as the Russian Mir or China’s Tiangong.

O’Neill’s vision was best described in his book, “The High Frontier,” first published in 1976. In it, O’Neill explained how, as early as 1990 and as late as 2005, we would be able to build vast cities in space at the gravitationally stable L5 Lagrange point between Earth and the moon, each habitat home to several million people. The concept became so popular that a fan club even sprung up called the L5 Society, which declared as its motto: “L5 by ’95!”

One of the keys to the idea’s success was rotation to produce a centrifugal force mimicking gravity on the inside surface of a cylinder….

…So where did O’Neill’s plans all go wrong? After all, there’s nothing physically impossible about building such habitats. What made the concept so appealing to O’Neill is that it didn’t require any magic technology, just a lot of challenging engineering problems to be solved.

Nevertheless, a criticism that could be applied is O’Neill was too confident in the technology and engineering that would be required. The best that we’ve built in space so far has been the International Space Station. The kind of technologies required for something like Island Three, or even the smaller, simpler, spherical models of Island One and Island Two, are completely untested even now. With dedication and sufficient funding and resources, we could hone our skills, but it would take time. It wouldn’t be something we could rush.

A second problem was the failure of the space shuttle. When the space shuttle was first conceived, the plan was to have hundreds of launches per year, which would have created the capacity to build the infrastructure in space that would have allowed mining on the moon, or ferried millions of people into orbit. Instead, between the shuttle’s inaugural flight in 1981 and its final flight in 2011, the six shuttles managed only 135 space flights between them.

The cost of building a 20-mile-long (32-km-long) space habitat was also somewhat vague, with O’Neill estimating up to $200 billion in 1970s money, which, accounting for inflation, would be $1.1 trillion in 2025….

(14) ORPHAN OF THE SKY. The government shutdown doesn’t seem to have actually stopped this particular item of NASA’s work. “’It’s kind of surreal that it happened to us’: Rural West Texas woman witnesses NASA space junk as it lands in her neighbor’s yard” in Fortune.

When Ann Walter looked outside her rural West Texas home, she didn’t know what to make of the bulky object slowly drifting across the sky.

She was even more surprised to see what actually landed in her neighbor’s wheat field: a boxy piece of scientific equipment about the size of a sport-utility vehicle, attached to a massive parachute, adorned with NASA stickers. She called the local sheriff’s office and learned that NASA, indeed, was looking for a piece of equipment that had gone lost.

“It’s crazy, because when you’re standing on the ground and see something in the air, you don’t realize how big it is,” she said. “It was probably a 30-foot parachute. It was huge.”

Walter said she soon got a call from NASA’s Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility, which launches large unmanned, high altitude research balloons more than 20 miles into the atmosphere to conduct scientific experiments.

Officials at NASA, which is impacted by the ongoing government shutdown, did not return messages Thursday. A message left with the balloon facility also was not immediately returned.

launch schedule on the balloon facility’s website shows a series of launches from Fort Sumner, New Mexico, about 140 miles (225 kilometers) west of where the equipment landed.

Hale County Sheriff David Cochran confirmed that NASA officials called his office last week in search of the equipment.

Walter said she ultimately spoke with someone at the balloon facility who told her it had been launched a day earlier from Fort Sumner, and uses telescopes to gather information about stars, galaxies and black holes….

(15) PRODUCT LAUNCH. We didn’t get the memo about this special day! Fortunately, the rocket is something you can make anytime you want. Space.com invited readers to “Blast off with the ‘Space Gal’ Emily Calandrelli for World Space Week on Arm and Hammer’s Baking Soda Rocket Day”. (Here’s a link to the event’s dedicated website.)

…From aerospace engineer to television host to Blue Origin astronaut (and the 100th woman to reach space), Calandrelli has built her career around simplifying STEAM concepts through engaging, kid-friendly activities. The bottle rocket is one of her favorites.

“I think the fact that it is just so explosive and easy to make — those two in combination make for the perfect science experiment,” Calandrelli said….

…The hands-on experiment/rocket building activity mixes baking soda and vinegar — a classroom-classic acid-base reaction that releases carbon dioxide gas — to propel a two-liter bottle (outfitted with your design of nose cone and fins) high into the air.

[Thanks to Cat Eldridge, SF Concatenation’s Jonathan Cowie, Mark Roth-Whitworth, Steven French, Kathy Sullivan, Mike Kennedy, Andrew Porter, John King Tarpinian, and Chris Barkley for some of these stories. Title credit belongs to File 770 contributing editor of the day Andrew (not Werdna).]