1950ǯ줿ɷˡʱѸǡ3431ˤСϢˮθѸ (official_language) ϥǡʡʸ (Devanagari) ǽ줿ҥǥ (hindi) ȤƤ롥15ǯ֤ϱѸλŪѤǧ롤ȤâबäƤˡ15ǯθˤ⡤Ѹ³Ū˻Ѥ뤳ȤǤϳƤɤθѸᤰϡǤ˷ˡꡤΤ褦˱ʪޤä褦ʸǻϤޤäƤȤȤѸǤ343Ѥ褦
343. Official language of the Union.---(1) The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script.
The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (1), for a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, the English language shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before such commencement:
Provided that the President may, during the said period, by order authorise the use of the Hindi language in addition to the English language and of the Devanagari form of numerals in addition to the international form of Indian numerals for any of the official purposes of the Union.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in this article, Parliament may by law provide for the use, after the said period of fifteen years, of---
(a) the English language, or
(b) the Devanagari form of numerals,
for such purposes as may be specified in the law.
ˡεܤνǤСҥǥ줬ɮƬθѸǤ롥ºݡɹǤϥҥǥüԤǤ¿2020ǯλ6ͰʾȤСԡˡp. 70ˡˤСҥǥϡǤ3ܤüԤ¿ĶǤ롥2020ǯΥ˥塼ˤȡEthnologue ˤפ˴ŤΤ褦ʲ⤬ʤƤ롥
Hindi is the 3rd most spoken language of the world in 2019 with 615 million speakers. The 22nd edition of the world language database Ethnologue stated English at the top of the list with 1,132 million speakers. Chines Mandarin is at the second position with 1,117 million speakers.
⥤ɤοäϢưƥҥǥüԿƤΤȻפ롥ɤΥʥߥåʸ𤫤ܤΥʤ
Ϣ Ethnologue θüԿˤĤơ#3009. üԿˤȥå252017ǯǡˡ ([2017-07-23-1]) ¿ȤθѸȤơ#3291. 11θѸեꥫ¹ ([2018-05-01-1]) ȡ
ԡˡWorld Englishes ١Ʋ2023ǯ
ǯɤϹŪ¸ߴƤ뤬ȼäƥɤѤѸ졤륤ɱѸ (Indian English) ؤܤޤäƤƤ롥ΥɱѸˤϰճĹˤ롥ʤߤƤ400ǯۤɤϤ롥
Sharma (2077--85) ϡɱѸˤҲŪʴˤ4Ĥλ˶ʬƤ롥ñ䤤ʤʲ˼
(1) The early presence of English in India (17th--18th century)
ꥶ٥11600ǯ쥤ɲҤΩ졤ꥹȥɤθפܳŪ˻Ϥޤä쥤ɲҤϡ1858ǯΥꥹˤľޤdz³뤳Ȥˤʤ롥ϱѸȥɤȤܿϼŪʤΤǡߤθԴ˽٤ˤȤɤޤä18ϥꥹȶعΩ졤˱ѸѤɤο͡δ֤˹äƤä
(2) Colonial language ideologies (18th--19th century)
1757ǯ쥤ɲҷץå襤ǥ٥뷳˾ɤФ륤ꥹλ۸Ωɤ100ǯ1857ǯ˥ȿȤȯð줿塤1858ǯϥꥹˤľϤޤäꥹˤϡ̱ϥɤФ2ĤΩ륤ǥäθʸǧ "Orientalist" ȡꥹθʸˤäƥɤؤ褦Ȥ "Anglicist" ȤǤ롥Orientalist ΩȤƤϡѸؤĤȸƤФ William Jones ʤɤΩ18ˤͥä19 Anglicist ΥǥޤäƤΥԡ1835ǯ Thomas Macaulay "Minute on Indian Education" ˷¤ƤꡤǤϱѸͥΤ줿ɿͤμͤΤʤˤ Rammohun Roy Τ褦 Anglicist ΩȤΤcf. #3315. ֥ϥɸס ([2018-05-25-1])ˡη̡19桤顤ǡˤѸѤ¤ä
(3) English and the Independence movement (19th--20th century)
1塤ꥹۤΩܻؤ̱²ưäѸǤϤʤλѤʤ Mahatma Gandhi αư˾ħ褦ˡȿѸΥǥƬƤ̱ɤλƳԤǸ˥ɤνȤʤä Nehru ѸؤƤӤ1947ǯΩ뤲ȡŪʴϱѸݻʤȤĴ褷ƤʹߡɤǤαѸѤϷ³ƤĤƤΤ褦ʥꥹɸѸؤƴݤĥɿͤϸäƤ
(4) English in independent India: planning and use (20th century)
ʤѤä415θ줬ѤƤ륤ɤǤϡʣ¿Ѥ꤬ߤ롥Τʤ22θ줬ϰѸȤǧƤ롥ܤθȤƤϥҥǥ줬ѸȤơѸ줬ѸȤƻꤵƤ롥Ωľˤ϶Ȥƥɤ줬졤Ѹ̤ɬװȤݻΤΡϻѤʤʤäƤ٤ΤͽƤ¤ˤ֤ŪȤ꤬ꡤȤΩŪΩˤѸλѤߤޤ뤳ȤϤʤäߤǤϥҥǥ줬ͥǤϤ뤬㤤DZѸΥХ̤ȤʤäƤƤꡤ֥ɤѸפȤȤ館äƤƤ롥
Sharma, Devyani. "Second-Language Varieties: English in India." Chapter 132 of English Historical Linguistics: An International Handbook. 2 vols. Ed. Alexander Bergs and Laurel J. Brinton. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2012. 2077--91.
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