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ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2024-05-13 Mon

#5495. ɷˡ343˵ܤƤϢˮθѸ [hindi][india][statistics][official_language][demography]

1950ǯ줿ɷˡʱѸǡ3431ˤСϢˮθѸ (official_language) ϥǡʡ꡼ʸ (Devanagari) ǽ񤫤줿ҥǥ (hindi) ȤƤ롥15ǯ֤ϱѸλŪѤǧ롤Ȥâ񤭾बäƤˡ15ǯθˤ⡤Ѹ³Ū˻Ѥ뤳ȤǤϳƤɤθѸᤰϡǤ˷ˡꡤΤ褦˱ʪޤä褦ʸǻϤޤäƤȤȤѸǤ343Ѥ褦

   343. Official language of the Union.---(1) The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script.
   The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals.
   (2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (1), for a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, the English language shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before such commencement:
   Provided that the President may, during the said period, by order authorise the use of the Hindi language in addition to the English language and of the Devanagari form of numerals in addition to the international form of Indian numerals for any of the official purposes of the Union.
   (3) Notwithstanding anything in this article, Parliament may by law provide for the use, after the said period of fifteen years, of---
      (a) the English language, or
      (b) the Devanagari form of numerals,
      for such purposes as may be specified in the law.


ˡεܤνǤСҥǥ줬ɮƬθѸǤ롥ºݡɹǤϥҥǥüԤǤ¿2020ǯλ6ͰʾȤСԡˡp. 70ˡˤСҥǥϡǤ3ܤüԤ¿ĶǤ롥2020ǯΥ˥塼ˤȡEthnologue ˤפ˴ŤΤ褦ʲ⤬ʤƤ롥

Hindi is the 3rd most spoken language of the world in 2019 with 615 million speakers. The 22nd edition of the world language database Ethnologue stated English at the top of the list with 1,132 million speakers. Chines Mandarin is at the second position with 1,117 million speakers.


⥤ɤο͸äϢưƥҥǥüԿ͸ƤΤȻפ롥ɤΥʥߥåʸ𤫤ܤΥʤ
Ϣ Ethnologue θüԿ͸ˤĤơ#3009. üԿˤȥå252017ǯǡˡ ([2017-07-23-1]) ¿ȤθѸȤơ#3291. 11θѸեꥫ¹ ([2018-05-01-1]) 򻲾ȡ

ԡˡWorld Englishes ١Ʋ2023ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2025-01-01-1]

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2018-05-25 Fri

#3315. ֥ϥ󡦥ɸ [linguistic_imperialism][india]

ѸȽФŵŪʺȽȤơΤ褦ʤΤ롥ꥹʤɤν񤬡̱ϤθȤƱѸ򲡤ĤȤΤǤϤʤष̱¦ΤĹ⤤Ѥʸ뤿ˡѶŪ˱Ѹ褦Ȥ򤹤٤Ǥ롤ȡ1820ǯΥɤǡѸΰ֤Ť˴ؤ褬äƤȤΤʸ黿ƤޤʤɿͤξĤäαƶϤΤ뽸ĤΤʤˡ٥󥬥пȤΥϥ󡦥 (Ram Mohan Roy; 1772--1833) ˤäƽ񤫤줿1823ǯ1211μϡѸȽؤκȽκȤ졤ФаѤƤʿ (142) ˤ򼨤

Ρʥ륫åΡ˳عƤС󥰥ܤʻĤǡǯɿ̱ζ˹׸Ǥ礦λϡ衼åѤκǽȶܤĥȥޥۤäơɤθ̱ˡءʪءءŷʸء¾ͭפʽʳؤ򶵤뤿˰տޤ줿Τȿ˴ԤޤʳؤĤ餳衼åѤο͡¾ο͡ⴰʤޤǤͥ줿̱ȤʤäΤǤġĤϡܤΤ򶵰餹ϥ󥹥åȸعΩơޤ䥤ɤˤήۤƤ뤳μ򶵤ƤΤȹͤޤ


󥹥åȸعȤ뤬ͥŪ˶Τ˻Ѥ٤ϱѸȥϥ󡦥ϼĥƤΤǤ롥顤¦ѶŪ˱Ѹμɽ٤ϡ֥ϥ󡦥ɸפȸƤФ褦ˤʤä
200ǯۤΥɤǤΰͳ褹֥ϥ󡦥ɸפϡ21θߡǤƤդ줿ɸȤʤäƤ褦˻פ롥ܤ㳰ǤϤʤɤܤˤ¿Υϥ󡦥ɸä͡ơܤαѸ춵ѸѤη礭ʱƶϤäƤΤǤ롥

ʿ رѸ񡡡θ1500ǯˡ١̼ҡ2016ǯ

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2017-09-11 Mon

#3059. ٥󥬥ɬΥȥ饤 [india][sociolinguistics][esl][official_language]

̾ϤǤ륤ҥޥ仳̮ϼΥ (Darjeeling) 絬Ϥʥȥ饤3³Ƥ롥٤ƤबĤޤäƤꡤ6̤ϺǯƱ1ۤɤˤȤɤޤꡤ»ۤ45ԡ76ߡˤȤȤȼ˽ưǽ̱˻˴ԤФƤ롥

Map of Darjeeling

Ȥطʤˤ̱²ȸ꤬롥ͥѡ񶭤˶ᤤˤϥͥѡ (Nepal) ȤͥѡϽ̱¿٥󥬥뽣Ωơ֥륫ɽפƤ褦Ȥ뱿ư1980ǯ夫³Ƥ롥غǯ5٥󥬥뽣ܤθѸǤ٥󥬥 (Bengali) ζ̳ȸɽǤϼ˥ͥѡѸ줬Ƥꡤ̱ϤΥ٥󥬥ζȿȯ6絬ϤʥȤϤ᤿Ȥ櫓ܤɬű󤷤ȤϼޤäƤʤ
Υꥢ̱²˴ؤƹäΤϰǤ뤳Ȥ餫Ǥ롥ܥ֥ꡤϢ򤤤Ĥ󼨤褦

(1) #3009. üԿˤȥå252017ǯǡˡ ([2017-07-23-1]) ˤȡ٥󥬥24200ͤüԤʤ6̤Ǥ롥
(2) ν̱ȴطοͥѡǤϡͥѡ¤DZѸ⹭ȤƤ롥#2469. αѸ([2016-01-30-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡͥѡǤ700ͤۤɤѸ2 (ESL = English as a Second Language) ȤäƤꡤ#56. Ѹΰ֤ŤѤĤĤ ([2009-06-23-1]) 1ĤǤ롥
(3) ɤθ¿Ϥ褯ΤƤ롥#401. ¿κǤ⤤ϰ ([2010-06-02-1]) ǤߤȤꡤ445ۤɤθʤ롥¿ؿ 0.940 ⤤

Referrer (Inside): [2017-09-12-1]

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