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push_chain - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2013-02-25 Mon

#1400. relational adjective qualitative adjective ؤΰ̣Ѳθư [push_chain][semantic_change][bleaching][lexicology][adjective][french][loan_word][lexical_stratification]

#968. Ѹˤե󥹼ѸμŪƻ ([2011-12-21-1]) ǡ˸زˤлθȯɽ˴ϢƵ񤤤Ʊȯɽ˴Ťл᤬˸ء1˴Ƥʸȴ򤤤ʸǤϡܥ֥[2011-12-21-1]ε򻲾ȤޤФ󡤤꤬Ȥޤ
лϤʸǡ(1) ѸθŪ Native Agglutination (NA) Latinate Fusion (LF) Ȥʬ롤(2) NA LF θΩϡRA ʴطŪŪʷƻ QA ʼŪɾŪʷƻˤΰ̣ΩȳͰפ롤(3) ̻Ū RA QA ؤȿܤ뷹롤3ĥƤ롥ꡤȤ櫓 (3) ̻Ū˴ؤƤϡлθȯɽ˿ȯơܥ֥Ǥ Farsi ʸ򻲾Ȥʤ #1099. Ҥηƻɾηƻ ([2012-04-30-1])#1100. Farsi ηƻʬ̻Ūʰ̣礤 ([2012-05-01-1])#1193. ե󥹸˶줿Ѹθܡ ([2012-08-02-1]) Ǿ
RA QA ؤοܤȤˤĤơлϤ "a compensatory strategy for semantic strategy for semantic bleaching of QAs" (23) Ȱ֤Ť"a general linguistic change from the marked to the unmarked" (23) ȤȤ館Ƥ롥˶ᤤ1Ѥ롥

In my opinion, what underlies the diachronic shift and the synchronic mechanism is a familiar transition from the marked RA to the unmarked QA. The central member of the adjective is what I call the 'evaluative', which can be fundamentally expressed as a certain point in the 'good/bad' scale. Since adjectives on this scale typically undergo 'semantic bleaching' and their meanings easily get watered down, language has to find some way to compensate for the bleaching and ensure the diversity of evaluatives. In my view, the categorial shifts from RAs to QAs are best to be considered one of the compensatory strategies for this semantic bleaching. (34--35)


RA ɾӤӤ QA ؤȿܤƤ椯ϡ#1100. Farsi ηƻʬ̻Ūʰ̣礤 ([2012-05-01-1]) ǽҤ٤褦ˡʸѲȤƼ롥طʤˡ¸ QA "semantic bleaching" ꡤδַˤĤ RA QA ꤹ뤳Ȥ˴ؤơϰۤʤäͤäƤ롥̣ŪɺˤĤǤ QA ȤȤϡ̣ drag chain ƤȤȤˤۤʤʤ㤨С#660. ѸΥե󥹼ѸηƻΨ ([2011-02-16-1]) ǵ󤲤ե󥹼ѸƻϡѸƻΰ̣ŪɺˤĤȹͤ뤳ȤǤΤ뤤ϡ#1193. ե󥹸˶줿Ѹθܡ ([2012-08-02-1]) ǾҲ𤷤 -ness -ity ζ⡤Ԥɺηͤ drag chain ȤǤΤɤޤΰѤľǡܸΥƻȥʷƻʷưˤδ֤ݤ˿Ƥ뤬ܸˤǤϡ˴Ťʷƻ줬̤줿Τϡ¸Υƻ­䴰뤿äȤʺƣp. 121--22ˡ¸Υƻ줬̣Ūɺ򤷤δַ뤿äȤʹʤդäС¸ QA ϡ¿ϴܸǤꡤ̣Ūɺ򤷤ƤȤϡषޥ󥹷Ϥ٤ƶ򤳤Ѥ뷹ʴϢع¤γƵ򻲾ȡˡ
̣ŪɺˤĤ drag chain ꤹΤǤϤʤޥ󥹷ϤγϤǤѶŪ˲ΤȤͤĤޤ push chain βꤹ뤳ȤϤǤʤdrag chain push chain ɬȿΤǤϤʤξȤ˺ѤȤȤ⤢ˤ衤̤Ȥ͡ɾŪʷƻ줬Ѥơ"the diversity of evaluatives" (35) Ƥ뤳ȤϳΤ
Ф󡤤ˤĤơʤǤϤʤˡҰ˵ޤ礦

Koshiishi, Tetsuya. "Two Types of Adjectives and the History of English Word Formation." ˸ء1桤2012ǯ23--38ǡ
Farsi, A. A. "Classification of Adjectives." Language Learning 18 (1968): 45--60.
ƣ س⡡ܸˡ١īҽŹ1995ǯ

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2009-09-01 Tue

#127. deer, beast, and animal [etymology][french][contact][semantic_change][push_chain][synonym]

Ѹΰ̣ѲꤢȤɬȤäƤ褤ۤɰ礤˽ФȤơdeer 롥ߡּפ̣뤳θϡűѸѸǤ̤ˤϡ֡ʥҥȤФƤΡưʪפ̣űѸǤּפΰ̣ޤäʤä櫓ǤϤʤθŪʰ̣ưʪפǤ뤳Ȥϡ¾Υޥ줫ǧǤ롥ȤХɥĸƱ캬 ( cognate ) Tier ǤꡤߤǤưʪפ̣롥
ȤѸˤʤּפΰ̣ΩäƤ褦ˤʤ롥ΰǡưʪפΰ̣Ͻ˿ꤨƤäưʪ̤ɽƤ줬μưʪɽ褦ѲƤ櫓ǡΤ褦ʰ̣ѲΤȤ̣ü첽 ( specialisation ) Ȥ֡
deer ˰̣ü첽äطʤˤϡѸΥե󥹸Ȥθܿ롥1200ǯ Ancrene Riwle Ȥʤˡե󥹸줫Ѥ줿 beast ֡ʥҥȤФƤΡưʪפȤ줬ѤƤ뤬ʹߡѸˤϡưʪפΰ̣ǤϤ beast ͥˤʤäƤ椯deer ϡưʪפΰ̣ beast Ϥּפΰ̣˸ꤹ뤳ȤǼӤȤ롥
ˡѸꡤanimal Ȥ̤θ줬ե󥹸줫äƤ֡ʥҥȤФƤΡưʪפȤ̣Ǥϡ Shakespeare Ǥ롥ˤäơޤdzƤ beast ϡ֡ʥҥȤФƤΡưʪפΰ̣ɤФ졤ޤ̣ü첽Фơ֤Ρưʪפΰ̣ؤȸꤵ줿

deer, beast, and animal

ե󥹸Ȥθܿˤ륷åȡ˲ФФϢ ( push chain ) ˤꡤỌ̇̄Ƥä櫓ݥȤϡdeer beast ѸȤϤʤ餺̣ò뤳ȤˤäƤ֤ȤĤäȤǤ롥֤Ȥˤä ( synonym ) ߡѤƤ椭ѸθäỌ̇̄˭ĹƤȤ롥

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