
618Ǯȯ䤫礦1ǯޤ뤳ȤȤʤޤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ʸҡˤǤ
Ԥ1ǯФ꤬Ȥ˽ǤŤͤƤޤȼɽθҸHPƤޤǿǤ2026ǯ617˹줿ΤȤʤޤΤǡ긵νҤȹ碌ƤǧйǤ
ˡܽǸڤƤ¤4083ñ졦ɽ夷ɲûȤƥɤǤ褦ˤʤäƤޤθҸHPEXCELեPDFեȤǤޤǿǤƱ2026ǯ617դǸƤޤκѤ뤳ȤǡܽϰعޤϤǤκѤȡʤȤǽȤʤޤҡ#6084. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤κ⤭ ([2025-12-23-1]) εɤߤ
ǿΥޤᡤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤˴ؤƼϡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤HP˽ƤޤΤǡˬƤС
1ǯ֡ɼԤγμˤäơ¤ˤ⤷¿ͤʡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥åٴϢƥĤƤޤ餷ưפ⡤嵭HP˰ȤƤޤȤƤޤǮ̤ˤæ˹ФǤ
ϢƥĤ夬ˤĤƤϡ620 Voicy heldio ۿ#1847. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åȯ1ǯ --- ɼԤγˤϢƥĤǤܤäƤޤ1ǯεǰˡҹ碌Ƥİ
ʤ1ǯǰȤʤ618ˤϡ3̾饤ǰƲ˲ֵKKYפŤޤͻҤ϶ heldio ˤƥޤΤǡԤ
رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ءرѸˤDz ʸˡ --- ʤ֣ñ sפĤΤ١NHKǿȤȤˡ¿ο͡ˤȤäƱѸˤؤΥǤ³뤳ȤäƤޤ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

1ָ627ڡ 15:30--17:00 ˡǯ٤2ܤȤʤī㡼ɶǤΥ饤ֺ¤ޤǯ٤³Ƥ륷˾äȤԻĤʱñפ̻15ƤȤȤǡϡghost õäƸűѸ츶ʸءפꤷơˤʤñ ghost ꤷƤޤ
Ѹ ghost κǤ̤θϡͩפǤ͡ǤϤФжƤ롤ԻĤ¸ߤǤϹ (spirit) ɽ路Τ̿ѥɽ路Ƥޤˤβǰ̣ν̾äȤˤʤޤꥹȶΡפ the Holy Spirit ȸޤŤ the Holy Ghost ȸ줿Τ⡤ηаޤȴطƤޤ
ޤȯֻδⶽ̣¤ޤűѸѸǤ gast Τ褦ֻ̤Ǥ첻Ȥ ā ȤĹ첻äƤΤǤȤǤ /oʊ/ Ȥ2첻ˤʤäƤޤ͡ޤѸʹߡɤȤʤֻ <h> ʸʶߡǤ ghost ȤʤäƤޤֺ͡¤Ǥϡ<gh> Ȥֻ͡ˤƤȻפäƤޤ¾ưȤƤ ghostͩ (ghost_word) ꡤ ghost θ츻ΤˤƤޤ
ֺ¤θȾˤϡܥΡָŤѸθʸ̣臘ݤ˱äơԲϻϲͭˡظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ʸҡ2026ǯűѸΤʤ˼ºݤ˸ "ghost" Ƥߤޤǫ˲⤷ޤΤǡűѸ鿴Ԥ⿴̵ѤǤޤǽǤʤƤֺ»ȤդޤΤǤ¿
ֺ¤ξܺ٤Ȥߤϡīθڡ
ʤβƴΥơޤƤޤƴ⥷³Ƥޤξܺ١ߤΥڡɤ
ƴ12026ǯ725ˡ˾äȤԻĤʱñ --- "king" õäƸűѸ츶ʸ
ƴ22026ǯ822ˡ˾äȤԻĤʱñ --- "riddle" õäƸűѸ츶ʸ
ƴ32026ǯ926ˡ˾äȤԻĤʱñ --- "through" õäѸ츶ʸ
ιֺ¤ˤĤޤƤ⡤¿μ֤ԤƤޤ
ʰʲ嵭2026/06/22(Mon)
ιֺ¤ˤĤƤ Voicy heldio ǤƤޤ#1849. 627ڡˤīֺ¤ ghost İ
Բ ϲ ͭظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ҡ2026ǯ
߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ
be ưϡܥ֥Ǥ¿夲Ƥ Lass θűѸ˴ؤȤơȤ櫓 b- η֤˴ؤ뻨ŪƶҲ𤷤
ޤbe ưνεˤʬLass (170) Ѥ롥
(a) an s-root (eom, eart, is, sindom = L s-um, e-s, e-s-t, s-unt);
(b) a b-root (bēo, bist, biþ, bēoþ, cognate to Skr bhu- 'remain', Latin perfect of 'be' fū-ī, OCS byti 'be', Gr phú- 'become';
(c) a w-root, in the inifinitive wesan, pres part wesende, preterite wæs, wǣron; this is cognate to OIr feiss/foss 'remain', Skr vásati 'he dwells'. Wesan is a defective cl V verb (as wesan/wæs/wǣron suggest), whose PRET1/PRET2 serve as the only past for the other stems.
Τʤ b- ˻Ѥޥ췲ǤȯãǤꡤŪˤä٤ηǤȤ (Lass 171)
The incorporation of the b-root into this group seems to be a WGmc innovation.
ޤʲ˸ڤűѸθʬʬ b- °뤬űѸˤƤϤٺ餭Ȥ (Lass 171)
. . . until the eleventh century the only present participle is wesende, and there is no past participle. After this pres part bēonde and pp be-bēon (> ModE been) appear.
űѸ b- ޤ̿ˤĤƤϡʬۤʤɤʣǡΤ褦ˤ (Lass 171)
The imperative is usually in b- in earlier texts: sg bēo, pl bēoþ; later wes, wesaþ appear (wes remains buried in wassail < wes hāl 'be healthy'). There is some regional differentiation, with b- imperatives in WS and Merc, and wes Northumbrian, though wes also occurs in WS and Mercian.
Ҥ뤬äƸɸѸˤ b- ϤϤɤȤȡŪˤϿषƤȤߤ뤳ȤǤ (Lass 171)
The standard ModE system suggests more radical loss of the b-forms than was actually the case; as late as the 1950s some conservative rural varieties in old West Mercian and West Saxon territory (e.g. the W Midlands and West Country) preserve paradigms like I bin, thee bist, Her is (Cheshire and Shropshire), I be, you be, her is, they be (Warwickshire, Somerset), or be for all persons and numbers (Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Somerset).
b- η֤˾ƤˤƤߤΤ⤪⤷
Lass, Roger. Old English: A Historical Linguistic Companion. Cambridge: CUP, 1994.

1ָ523ڡ 15:30--17:00 ˡǯ٤2ܤȤʤī㡼ɶǤΥ饤ֺ¤ޤǯ٤³Ƥ륷˾äȤԻĤʱñפ̻14ƤȤȤǡϡagain õäѸ츶ʸءפꤷơŪ again ȤлҤηǤֻ against ܤޤ
ֺ¤ǤϡرѸ츻ŵ٤رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ȤĤġñθ츻̣־ȯãɤ again ֻ against Ȥʬʤ褦ˤʤäطʤޤƬˤʤäǤΩñȤʤäƤȤ̣ˤäƤΤǤϢơűѸֻΤˤĤƤѤͽǤ
ñȯ䥹ڥѲѰۤˤܤޤ۷¿űѸѸμǤϤɤηФ˾夬äƤΤͽۤΤʤۤɤǤ
ޤνմǤϡ225˸Ҥ괩Ԥ줿ŪԲϻϲͭˡظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ʸҡ2026ǯͥƥȤȤƳѤޤϤ˼ܤƤѸΥƥ Peterborough Chronicle ꡤagain ޤࡤιɤɤ̤սɤǤߤȻפޤ
ѸθʸƤȤ⿴ۤפޤ嵭ͥƥȤˤĤƤ⡤ֺ¤ɤʬˤĤƤջǰѤޤΤǡ֤ɬܤǤϤޤƥȤˤϸѸ伭°ƤޤΤǡгؤӤޤȻפޤ
ֺ¤ξܺ٤ȤߤϡīθڡSee you again!
ʰʲ嵭2026/05/18(Mon)
ιֺ¤ˤĤƤ Voicy heldio ǤƤޤ#1814. 523ڡˤīֺ¤ again ܡİ
Բ ϲ ͭظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ҡ2026ǯ
߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

ǽˤĤƤϡhellog Ǥ#6209. 423ҤѸ츻ܤ2 --- إѥñҿǡӡ٤ȡذرñϥɥ֥å١ ([2026-04-27-1]) ǾҲ𤷤ޤǾƤ褦ˡθ塤ܤᤰäơȤ heldio/helwa ΥꥹʡΡ̵פȡ״ٻ̤뵡ޤβ heldio ̤ȤƸƤޤΤǡ#1800. ذرñϥɥ֥å١ʸҡ2026ǯˤҼˡ̵פ̡İ53ʬۤɤ̤Ǥˡ
̤ǤϡȤǤ̵λ顤ܽβŪħˤĤ¿Ū˸äƤޤޤä줿ΤϡΰإƥζܤϡѲʤɤʸˡफΤ¿糰γˤϤƥϡɥ뤬⤫äȤ֤ǤФܽϡ츻 (etymology) Ϣ (combining_form) òƤꡤϿʹ֤ˤȤäߤ䤹ȤäĤ䤹ˤʤäƤȤΤȤǤ
ѸǤϡ˶Ѹϥƥ졤̾ϥꥷ줬ήǤȤ̣ʬˤĤƤڤӤޤ̵ˤС˶ѸϹŪ˥ƥ줵Ƥͥʹߤȯã̾ʤɤˤϥꥷͳθäήȤطʤ褦ǤΤ褦ʱѸ˸Ԥλϡ餬ѸʹߤβʳظäȯŪäȤɤΤ褦˴ؤäƤΤȤδؿȤʤޤΰؤθǤϡñʤ뵭ȤơִݰŵפƤȤ¾⤭Ħˤʤޤ
̥ܽϤΰĤȤơꥷäν¤ޤ 㤨̲ο Hypnos hypnosisʺ̲ˤδطʤɡäȤʹֽʪ줫⤭츻ϡΤ褦ʸϿʹ֤ˤȤäƤɤʪȤƤ⤷ΤǤ̵⡤ब뤳ȤܤŪɤꡤؽη³ˤĤʤȽƤޤ
ǡȤΩ줫˾Ȥơȯ䥢ɽ̵ͭ뤤 dent- tooth Τ褦ʰ̸ηӤĤƤ֥ˡ§ (grimms_law) β⤬ФͭյäΤǤϤʤȤäʥĥåߤӽФޤΤȤƤϡ̵ΰѸǤǸΨ褯ؤ٤롤ޤǤˤʤηŪʥϥɥ֥å˻ž夬äƤȤɾǰפޤ
رѸϤʳرѸ (scientific_english) (word_formation) ˶̣ΤϤѸˤδäιͤƤߤˤȤäƤ⡤ܽϼ٤ǤشطԤʤ餺Ȥ⡤Ҽ˼äơνŸʸ츻˿ƤߤƤ
ޤ״֤ȤˤϢ note ֡ظ츻dzؤְرñϥɥ֥å٤˸롤رѸ춵οʿƤޤ⤼Ҥɤߤ
ˡ Ƿˡڲ ȡʴƽˡظ츻dzؤ رñϥɥ֥å١ҡ2026ǯ

ǽˤĤƤϡhellog Ǥ#6209. 423ҤѸ츻ܤ2 --- إѥñҿǡӡ٤ȡذرñϥɥ֥å١ ([2026-04-27-1]) ǾҲ𤷤ޤǾƤ褦ˡθ塤ܤᤰäơȤ heldio/helwa ΥꥹʡΡ̵פȡ״ٻ̤뵡ޤβ heldio ̤ȤƸƤޤΤǡ#1800. ذرñϥɥ֥å١ʸҡ2026ǯˤҼˡ̵פ̡İ53ʬۤɤ̤Ǥˡ
̤ǤϡȤǤ̵λ顤ܽβŪħˤĤ¿Ū˸äƤޤޤä줿ΤϡΰإƥζܤϡѲʤɤʸˡफΤ¿糰γˤϤƥϡɥ뤬⤫äȤ֤ǤФܽϡ츻 (etymology) Ϣ (combining_form) òƤꡤϿʹ֤ˤȤäߤ䤹ȤäĤ䤹ˤʤäƤȤΤȤǤ
ѸǤϡ˶Ѹϥƥ졤̾ϥꥷ줬ήǤȤ̣ʬˤĤƤڤӤޤ̵ˤС˶ѸϹŪ˥ƥ줵Ƥͥʹߤȯã̾ʤɤˤϥꥷͳθäήȤطʤ褦ǤΤ褦ʱѸ˸Ԥλϡ餬ѸʹߤβʳظäȯŪäȤɤΤ褦˴ؤäƤΤȤδؿȤʤޤΰؤθǤϡñʤ뵭ȤơִݰŵפƤȤ¾⤭Ħˤʤޤ
̥ܽϤΰĤȤơꥷäν¤ޤ 㤨̲ο Hypnos hypnosisʺ̲ˤδطʤɡäȤʹֽʪ줫⤭츻ϡΤ褦ʸϿʹ֤ˤȤäƤɤʪȤƤ⤷ΤǤ̵⡤ब뤳ȤܤŪɤꡤؽη³ˤĤʤȽƤޤ
ǡȤΩ줫˾Ȥơȯ䥢ɽ̵ͭ뤤 dent- tooth Τ褦ʰ̸ηӤĤƤ֥ˡ§ (grimms_law) β⤬ФͭյäΤǤϤʤȤäʥĥåߤӽФޤΤȤƤϡ̵ΰѸǤǸΨ褯ؤ٤롤ޤǤˤʤηŪʥϥɥ֥å˻ž夬äƤȤɾǰפޤ
رѸϤʳرѸ (scientific_english) (word_formation) ˶̣ΤϤѸˤδäιͤƤߤˤȤäƤ⡤ܽϼ٤ǤشطԤʤ餺Ȥ⡤Ҽ˼äơνŸʸ츻˿ƤߤƤ
ޤ״֤ȤˤϢ note ֡ظ츻dzؤְرñϥɥ֥å٤˸롤رѸ춵οʿƤޤ⤼Ҥɤߤ
ˡ Ƿˡڲ ȡʴƽˡظ츻dzؤ رñϥɥ֥å١ҡ2026ǯ
423ˡҤñθ츻˴ؤҤƱ2ȯ䤵ޤҤϡǯ6ˡޤ⤴ɾƤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥åФƤޤΤǡ1ǯδ֤3ֱѸ츻ܡפ尴줿ȤˤʤޤѸ츻趷褷ƤȤäƤ褤Ǥ礦
Ԥ줿Τϼ2ǤڡֻɤߡפǤޤ
ظ캬dzФ ѥñҿǡӡʻɤߤ
ظ츻dzؤ رñϥɥ֥åʻɤߤ
ʲơˤĤƴñˤҲ𤷤ޤ

ޤˤظ캬dzФ륳ѥñҿǡӡ٤Ǥܽ2019ǯ˴Ԥ칥ɾǤˤΤǡָ̤̾캬פ˥եñ콸Ǥ١ȤʤäƤΤƱҤΡإѥ¼ŵ٤θ츻ǤܽǤϤ200ʾιܤ˲ɮƤꡤ300Ρ֡ʺǡ˽캬פ夵Ƥޤ
ɮ٤ϡóؽˤ츻μͤǼƤǤ1001٥ʾñ7ʾϸ츻μΩĤȤƤꡤȤ櫓ԤˤȤäƤΥܥӥˤϸ캬ؽˤͭǤ뤳ȤĴƤޤɥӥ䡤ߤΡ֥ȡפⴰƤꡤк̤γؤľޤб롤ޤ˸츻ؽδǤȤǤ

³ơڲȻʴƽˡᡦľǷˤˤظ츻dzؤ رñϥɥ֥å٤Ǥ츫Ūʰ̸ν˸ޤѸˤδⶽ̣Ǥرñϡͥʹߤ̤ήƤƥ졦ꥷǤˤǤꡤСϢ (combining_form) θܻԤΤ褦Ǥ
ܽιϸؤδؤδŪǤƬܸ캬פȤѡʬβ˻ϤޤꡤȾǤϡBody System ̡סǾСƵ۴ʤɡˡפ˸äƤޤѸ줬¿ѤŪĹʸդƤꡤɤѤ뤳ȤǡʹΥȤΨŪ˽Ǥ褦פƤޤϿΡֽѸפʤɤϡؤ糰λˤȤäƤϡڤǤޤԤΩظäƳʣڤܤΤʤˤ֤ƤȤˤĤƹͤƤߤΤ⡤⤷θȤʤޤؤˤĤƤϲʬʤǤ̤¿̩٤ι⤤رñϥɥ֥åǤ뤳ȤϳǧǤޤ
ʾ塤2ñˤҲ𤷤ޤ424ˤϡheldio Ǥ#1790. Ҥ2αѸ츻ܤФޤ --- إѥñҿǡӡ٤ȡظ츻dzؤְرñϥɥ֥å١ꤹۿǤäƤޤΤǡ碌ƤİйǤޤȤ櫓ذرñϥɥ֥å٤ˤĤƤϡܽᤰ̤ heldio ۿͽꤷƤޤΤǡҤԤ
ơرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å⤪˺ʤ
סظ캬dzФ ѥñҿǡӡ١ҡ2026ǯ
ˡ Ƿˡڲ ȡʴƽˡظ츻dzؤ رñϥɥ֥å١ҡ2026ǯ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

ǯ٤Ϥޤޤǯ٤ֱѸˤδ֤ˡƤưhel (helkatsu) ŪŸƤޤޤhellog ɼԤγͤ⡤Ҥ줾θhelʤƤйǤ
ǯ˰³ǯ٤λhel1ĤȤʤΤī㡼ɶǤΥ饤ֺ¤ǤΤΥȥϺǯΤΤѾ˾äȤԻĤʱñפΤޤޤǤʤȤ⤳νմˤĤƤϡָ츻õäƸűѸ졦Ѹ츶ʸءפȤźơ˥Ȥޤ
ǯ٤ϡ1Ĥñ겼뤳ȤDZѸˤΥѥΥޤŸ˾ȤǤ⤽ϼѤĤġˡָʸ̣ɡפȤղòͤäȹͤƤޤŪˤϡ225˸Ҥ괩Ԥ줿ŪԲϻϲͭˡظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ʸҡ2026ǯͥƥȤȤƳѤޤ
մθΰʸϰʲ̤Ǥ
֤ʤαñϡʰ̣ȤΤסϡѸγˤޤմϡűѸ졦ѸûʸȤơñԻĤˤõޤ̾̾ʸǫɤ߲ǡѸˤؤȽIJ˹Ƥޤʸ˹ѸˤʪȤƳڤֺ¤ǤԲϻϲͭظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ʸҡ2026ǯˤͥƥȤȤ鸶ʸ̣ɤޤ
ֺܹ¤κħϡñʤ츻ˤȤɤޤ餺θ줬ºݤ˲ʸǤɤΤ褦©ŤƤΤºݤΥƥȤ̤θƤˤޤޤ̤رѸ츻ŵ٤رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ˤ˻Ȥʤ顤츻οʥäƤޤ
մ1 15:30--17:00 ˳֤ޤ饤ιֵǤΤǡɤǤ⤴äޤ2֤θƨۿ⤴ޤͽꤵƤ饤ʥåפϰʲ̤Ǥ
1. 425ڡˡknight õäѸ츶ʸ
2. 523ڡˡagain õäѸ츶ʸ
3. 627ڡˡghost õäƸűѸ츶ʸ
1ָ˳֤1ϡƻǤʤߤ knight 夲ޤϡ־ǯפֽԡפ̣Ƥθ줬ˤƹʿʬؤ褦ˤʤäΤѸθʸ˿ʤ餽ΰ̣Ѳéޤ
2ϡ again Ǥůʤ褦˸뤳θˤϡֻȤƤˡˤȤɤޤ餺¿꤬ƤޤѸΥƥȤǤϤɤΤ褦֤졤ѤƤΤǤ礦
3ϡǤϡͩפؤ ghost ǤűѸˤϡפֺפ̣ƤθγĴ⤤ʸȤȤ̣襤ޤ礦
űѸѸθʸʹȡʹ뤫⤷ޤ̵ۤѤǤֱѸˤʪפڤिκȤơ䤬ʥӥȤޤֺ¤ξܺ٤Ȥߤϡīθڡ
ܥγ֤˸ơVoicy heldio ǤƤޤ#1778. 425ڡˡظ٤ˤ뿷ǯ٤ī륷Ϥޤޤİǯ١ͤȰˡʸȤȤ˱ѸˤοƤȤڤߤˤƤޤ
Բ ϲ ͭظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ҡ2026ǯ
߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

354Ѹ (hel_ogiri) XdzŤޤϡž (metathesis) ƤȤǤ¤Ӥ2Ĥβְ㤤η̤Ҥä֤äƤޤäΤΡ¤ӤɸŪˤʤäƤޤäȤֱФפΤ褦ʻǤְ㤤Ȥʹ֤ˤäƿʸޤƤޤȤΤϡͶΤΤѲΤʤǤ͵ΤȥԥåǤ
Ȥä㡤ꤤ㤬äƤ뤫ȤСñʤǤ⤢ޤŵŪǶʽŪϤĤäƤޤθ夬³ʤΤǤ˻äΤǤ³ޤ¿λüԤ⤬ʤõץ饤ѥݥȤ̤ƤƤäǡ⤷Τ³ȴƤޤʲˡޤȤƤȻפޤ
aks/ask
beorht bright
brand/burn
brid bird
cocodrile crocodile
fersc fresh
forst frost (cf. freeze)
gærs grass
hros horse
iern(an), yrn(an) run
mansk Manx
nutrition, nutriment/nurture
patron pattern
purpose/propose
tax/task
three/third
thirl thrill
þurh through
wæps wasp
wal (whale) + ros (horse)
worht(e) wrought (cf. work)
crocodile ˴ؤƤϡ#5999. crocodile αѸ --- إåץѸ츻ŵ٤ΰճƶ ([2025-09-29-1]) ȤƤ
ʤǽ˴줿Ƥϡ~ߤˤʲʣʻǤ
lamella (ƥ)
la lemelle (ե)
ʬ
l'alemelle
(ؾ)θ
l'alemette
ž
l'amelette
첻Ѳ
l'omelette
omelette (Ѹ)
ܵƱݤǡ314 heldio ˤ#1749. ž --- ޤäƤޤϤޤΤǡҤ⤪İС
216ʷˤ˻ X @chariderryu ˤơ3Ѹ (hel_ogiri) ŤޤΤϡ⤷ʣ (disguised_compound) ƤȤΤǤ礦ظűѸ졦ѸҿӡΥȥָѸ30Ϣȯ No. 22 Ȥdaisy ֥ҥʥפθ츻űѸ dæges ēage "day's eye" ΤäƤޤƤľˡⳫŤޤ
ŤζϼԤǤ⤢ heldio/helwa ꥹʡ ari Υ桼饹ηäˤꡤϡͷӿơ֤äΤ긢̿̾ޤͥϪΥեߥȤơΡ֤ʸפ X Ӹޤ
Daisy֤ Day () Eye () äΤġ
2١ʤ٤ι⤤ǤѸ츻ԼԤ¿ɼƤޤĤΤ褦˻Ǥиǡ⤷äΡٶˤʤäΤĤǺܤޤ
Gospel֤ Good (ɤ) Spell (Τ餻) äΤġ
Curfew֤ Cover (ä) Fire () äΤġ
But֤ By (Ф) Out () äΤġ
About֤ On () By (Ф) Out () äΤġ
Kitchen֤ Cook () -ina () äΤġ
Don֤ Do (롤֤) On () äΤġ
Lapwing֤ Leap (ķͤ) Wink () äΤġ
Answer֤ And (Ф) Swear () äΤġ
Worship֤ Worth () -ship (뤳) äΤġ
Chameleon֤ Khamaí (Ϥ礦) Léōn () äΤġ
Zebra֤ Equus () Ferus () äΤġ
Giraffe֤ Zurn (å) Py () äΤġ
Pyjamas֤ Pāy () Jāma () äΤġ
Philip֥եåס Philéō () Híppos () äΤġ
Barn֤ Bere () Ærn (Ȳ) äΤġ
ơari ޤˤΥեޥåȤ11Ϣȯ
bridal eleven ηޤ꤬ä11neighbor Marshal alarm Ĥ餹ȡɤ squirrel vinegar garlic ɤ handkerchief åä dismal ʸʤầФΤ answer ä
ʤˤ㤬ޤȤϡұñ츻ؽȥܥӥˤѤ
ƤΤϡʬѸ줫ǤʲϴƤܸ줫ǤܸȤѤʤȤˤʤꤽǤ͡
ʤҤˡ֤ () Τ () äΤġ
ҡʤ䤷ˡ֤ () () äΤġ
ʩʤۤȤˡ֤ (դȡ֥å) () äΤġסʽ⤢
ܵƱݤǡ227 heldio ˤ #1734. ֵʣ --- ηȯɽϤޤҤ⤪İ
ޤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥åرѸ츻ŵǧ٤ޤäƤƤ롥츻ȤΤϡǤäƤ⡤ͤĤΤǤ롥ͤϸդƻȤƻȤʤФ꤫ƻˤĤΤꤿꤿʪ
ŵϥɥ֥åˤߤ뵭ҤϡΤȤʤ顤ǽ餫ΤƤ櫓ǤʤƤ櫓Ǥʤ츻ȤĴƽ줿μƤξ˥ѥȤƤȤȤǤ롥С츻ŪμϡֽͿפΤΤǤϤʤͿΤ褦˸뤫⤷ʤǤϤʤ
OED θ츻Խ˴ؤäƤ Durkin (ix) 츻ؤ The Oxford Guide to Etymology Υȥǡ"About this book" ꤹ1Ƥ롥ȴФɤǤߤ褦
Etymologies appeal to people with a very wide variety of interests and intellectual backgrounds. A very few people, such as myself, spend most of their time researching etymologies. A slightly larger number do so very occasionally. Many, many more people look at etymologies, but have never researched any themselves. Some people will never even have thought of etymologies as things which need to be researched. Particularly when etymologies are encountered in the compressed form found in many dictionaries, they can seem to be a given, rather than the (often very tentative) results of extensive research.
This book is intended for anyone who has taken the important first step of realizing that etymologies are the result of research, and would like to discover something about the nature of that research, and the principles and methodologies which underlie it.
رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ɤʤɤƱñθ츻˽ʬ˿Ƥǡĸ츻ͿΤΤǤϤʤȤǧǡȤɤΤ褦˸츻õΤʤΤʬŪθˡᤷ1Ǥ롥Ϥ뤫⤷ʤѸˤ˸ؤˤĤƤƱ˳ؤ٤Ǥ⤹줿Ҥ츻ؤγڤȸΤꤿϡҡ

߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ
Durkin, Philip. The Oxford Guide to Etymology. Oxford: OUP, 2009.
رѸ츻ŵ٤δˤְ캬ɽפįƤȡs ǻϤޤ캬ˤơƬ s ̤ɽƤΤʤʤ(s)ker-, (s)mer-, (s)pen-, (s)preg-, (s)teg- ʤɤΥȥդ (s)- ϰĸκƷˤ褷Ƥ롥*(s)teg- "cover" ˡLass (118--19) ˲⤷Ƥ餪
As we saw in teg-ō vs. stég-os, etc. . . . , certain roots appear to have 'optional' initial /s/; or perhaps better, to occur in two forms, one with and one without */s/, hence the conventional description of this phenomenon as 'mobile s'. The root 'cover' then might be represented as */(s)teg-/, or */steg-, teg/. . . .
. . . .
Awareness of s-mobile suggests an interesting perambulation through the lexicon of a language like English, given its enormous propensity for borrowing. The root */(s)teg-/ (in its various ablaut grades) appears in English in at least nine lexemes, both native and borrowed. Thatch of course we have already seen, and tile < tīgele < L tēg-ula. We also have borrowed L toga, and from this via French togs, a clipping of tog(e)mans 'cloak'. Still on the s-less alternant, there are various derivatives of L teg-ō and its forms, like in-teg-ument, pr-tec-t 'provide shelter for', de-tec-t 'un-cover'. The s-root is not well represented in English, but from (neo-)Greek we have the dinosaur steg-o-saurus 'roofed or covered lizard', and the rare sixteenth-century coinage steg-ano-graphy 'secret or cryptic writing'.
s-mobile ϡĸ첻 (gradation or ablaut) λҲǤȤߤ뤳ȤǤ뤫⤷ʤ첻ǤۤηŪǤʤȯŪǤ롥
߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ
Lass, Roger. Old English: A Historical Linguistic Companion. Cambridge: CUP, 1994.
131ڡˤˡǯ٤ī㡼Υֺ˾äȤԻĤʱñ10ߴ1ȤƳ֤ޤơޤϡvery --- ʪפ纮ζոءפǤ
very ȤСǤŪ̵ɸʶո (intensifier) ǧƤȻפޤޤܶñʤΤǿͤȤʤ⤷ޤѸŪˤ͡ʴǤ롤οԤʤùܤǤֵǤϡvery εȯŸɤꡤ¾ӤոȤðۤޤǻ̩90ʬȤʤäȻפޤ
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ʤīֺ¤Υ19ˤĤƤޥɥޥåפƤΤǡ⤴Ȥ
#5857. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤1she --- 츻䤨ʤ̾פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-05-10-1])
#5887. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤2through --- ޤ¿ֻͤĸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-06-09-1])
#5915. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤3autumn --- ³ƤפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-07-07-1])
#5949. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤4but --- Ĥ¿³פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-08-10-1])
#5977. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤5guy --- ̾饫եʰ̣Ѳ뤲פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-09-07-1])
#6013. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤6English --- ƤñɤޤǤꤹפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-10-01-1])
#6041. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤7I --- 1;ñ̾ᤰʪפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-11-10-1])
#6076. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤8take --- ⤿餷ĶܸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-12-15-1])
#6076. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤8take --- ⤿餷ĶܸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-12-15-1])
#6098. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤9one --- ñʤ͡ˡعäפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2026-01-06-1])
11228ڡˤǡϡthat --- ؼ줫¿ǽؤפȤʤޤַϰ³饤Τߤǡֻ֤ 15:30--17:00 ǤؿΤϡī㡼ɶθHPܺ٤ǧξ塤ߤйǤ
kangaroo θ츻ˤĤƤϡ#3048. kangaroo θ츻 ([2017-08-31-1]) Ǽ夲1770ǯ Captain Cook Υȥꥢãκݤˡ̱֤줿 "I don't know" ɽ˴ŤΤȤ⤬ήۤƤаޤ롥Ǥϡϼ츻ʲ츻ָ̱츻ˤȹͤƤ롥
American Heritage Dictionary Notes ꡤkangaroo ιѤ롥
Word History: A widely held belief has it that the word kangaroo comes from an Australian Aboriginal word meaning "I don't know." This is in fact untrue. The word was first recorded in 1770 by Captain James Cook, when he landed to make repairs along the northeast coast of Australia. In 1820, one Captain Phillip K. King recorded a different word for the animal, written "mee-nuah." As a result, it was assumed that Captain Cook had been mistaken, and the myth grew up that what he had heard was a word meaning "I don't know" (presumably as the answer to a question in English that had not been understood). Recent linguistic fieldwork, however, has confirmed the existence of a word gangurru in the northeast Aboriginal language of Guugu Yimidhirr, referring to a species of kangaroo. What Captain King heard may have been their word minha, meaning "edible animal."
OED kangaroo (n.) Notes ɤǤߤ褦
Cook and Banks believed it to be the name given to the animal by the Aboriginal people at Endeavour River, Queensland, and there is later affirmation of its use elsewhere. On the other hand, there are express statements to the contrary (see quots. below), showing that the word, if ever current in this sense, was merely local, or had become obsolete. The common assertion that it really means 'I don't understand' (the supposed reply of the local to his questioner) seems to be of recent origin and lacks confirmation. (See Morris Austral English at cited word.)
1770 The animals which I have before mentioned, called by the Natives Kangooroo or Kanguru. (J. Cook, Journal 4 August (1893) 224)
1770 The largest [quadruped] was calld by the natives Kangooroo. (J. Banks, Journal 26 August (1962) vol. II. 116)
1777 The Kangooroo which is found farther northward in New Holland as described in Captn Cooks Voyage without doubt also inhabits here. (W. Anderson, Journal 30 January in J. Cook, Journals (1967) vol. III. ii. 792)
1793 The animal..called the kangaroo (but by the natives patagorong) we found in great numbers. (J. Hunter, Historical Journal 54)
1793 The large, or grey kanguroo, to which the natives [of Port Jackson] give the name of Pat-ag-a-ran. Note, Kanguroo was a name unknown to them for any animal, until we introduced it.
. . . .
OED ξ嵭ѤǤȤȤƤ Austral English ˤĤƤϡ#6110. Edward Ellis Morris --- ȥꥢѸ켭 ([2026-01-18-1]) ǿ줿Ǥ kangaroo θ츻ˤĤƤϾܤͻȲ⤬ʤƤ롥I don't know ˤĤƤ "This is quite possible, but at least some proof is needed . . . ." ȽҤ٤Ƥ뤳ȤΤ߿Ƥ
Morris, Edward Ellis, ed. Austral English: A Dictionary of Australasian Words, Phrases and Usages. London: Macmillan, 1898.
ε#6126. goodbye κǸ e ϲ ([2026-02-03-1]) ˰³goodbye ˴ؤꡥgoodbye εϡGod be with you ȤʸɽȤƹ٤ǻȤ뤦ṳ̂ƤޤäΤȤ롥OED ˤȡ츻˼Τ褦˵Ҥ롥
Probably shortened partly < God be with you, and partly < God be with ye (see god n. & int. Phrases P.1c.i.ii, and the note below), with substitution of good adj. for god n. as the first element, probably by association with other greeting formulae, e.g. good day n., good day int., goodnight n., goodnight int.
Ҥɤ߿ʤƤȡ16Ⱦ2;̾줬 you ǤϤʤ ye Υ⤢ȡޤ˸Ťֻ줬 with ǤϤʤ mid ⤢äȤƤ롥
ˡOED ȤƤϺѤƤʤΤΡ⤦1ĤΰˤĤƤʤƤ롥
It has been suggested (W. Franz, 'Good-bye', in Engl. Studien (1898) vol. 24 344-6) that the phrase may have originated as a shortening of God buy you 'God redeem you' (compare buy v. I.3b, and also God save you! at save v. Phrases P.2b), and that association with God be with you is of later date. Although this suggestion would more readily explain the diphthong in the second syllable, it is not supported by the earliest forms (compare the α forms). Some of the β forms with buy do, however, appear to result from later secondary association with buy v.; this association may also have influenced the pronunciation.
OED ȤƤϡǯδ God buy you ָ̱츻츻ȤߤʤƤꡤѶŪˤϼƤʤȤˤʤ롥ߤ goodbye 22첻ŪΤȤơʬŪʴͿβǽϼƤ롥

ǯ٤Ϸ1ī㡼ɶDZѸ˹ֺ¤Ƥޤȥϡ˾äȤԻĤʱñפǤѸŪ˸ߤȴߤΤñ1ӡ⤭ơرѸ츻ŵʸҡˤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥åʸҡεҤȤʤ顤αñˡҤƤϱѸΤˤޤ
1ָ塤131ڡˤιֺ¤ߴνȤʤޤ夲ΤϡѸؽԤˤȤäơʤ¿αѸüԤˤȤäƤ˺Ǥ߿1ĤǤʤ顤˶ä٤äƤ very Ǥ
䤿ʡʤ֤ȤƤ⡤ˡפȤ̣ very ȤäƤޤǽ˶ᤤ̤դ줿ñǤѸˤδ餳θįȡˤϡֶĴפȤʹֿˤĤޤȤ㤷¸ˤƤޤʲvery ᤰäƼ夲ĤƤߤޤ
ٸ very ϡ¤ϱѸǤϤʤե줫μѸǤʤΤ褦ʴŪñ줬Ѥ˻äΤǤ礦
եǤϤȤȡֿ¤Ρפ̣ƻ (cf. Fr. vrai) ǤꡤѸäƤƻȤѤƤޤthe very man ֤ޤˤˡפʤɤˡˤκפĤäƤޤ줬ʤ뤭äǶդȤʤꡤ⤳ޤǹ٤ˤʤäΤǤ礦
ոˤϡֶˡ§פȤ̣ν̿ޤĴɽϻȤ줹ȼ깤ĤĴٹ礤긺äƤޤΤǤ
Ѹˤ̤ơӤո줬ƤϾäƤޤűѸѸǻȤƤɽŪʶոƤߤޤ
¿ζո줬ä椯ʤ뤤岽ˤʤǡʤ very Ĥꡤ˸ѸˤƤۤɤΰ괶ƤΤǤ礦礭Ǥ
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Τ褦ˡvery Ȥ츫ññظˡƻ줫ؤʻẓ̌ɺȤζȤäѸû˾ΤΥåͤޤäƤޤΥƥˤ90ʬǤäޤ
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ʤߴΥ饤ʥåפϰʲ̤Ǥ2026ǯ볫⡤DZѸˤڤؤǤޤ礦
- 10131ڡ 15:30?17:00very --- ʪפ纮ζոء
- 11228ڡ 15:30?17:00that --- ؼ줫¿ǽؤ
- 12328ڡ 15:30?17:00be --- ѸΡ¸ߡפ٤ĶԵ§ư
߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ
1220ڡˤˡǯ٤ī㡼Υֺ˾äȤԻĤʱñ93ȤƳ֤ޤơޤϡone --- ñʤ͡ˡعäפǤ
ޤñǤѸŪˤϼ¤˱οùܤǡäվޤͤоݤǤˤƴŪʿ䤫顤ʸˡФ괧Ȥʤꡤ̾ȤʤꡤȤʤäΤǤ礦ܸˡФϢ¿1ĤҤȤĤϤ궽̣ˤɤäƤޤºݡֵ90ʬǤϸ꤭ʤۤɤǤۤ one ϿƹƿΤǤ
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ʤīֺ¤Υ18ˤĤƤޥɥޥåפƤΤǡ⤴Ȥ
#5857. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤1she --- 츻䤨ʤ̾פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-05-10-1])
#5887. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤2through --- ޤ¿ֻͤĸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-06-09-1])
#5915. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤3autumn --- ³ƤפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-07-07-1])
#5949. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤4but --- Ĥ¿³פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-08-10-1])
#5977. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤5guy --- ̾饫եʰ̣Ѳ뤲פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-09-07-1])
#6013. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤6English --- ƤñɤޤǤꤹפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-10-01-1])
#6041. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤7I --- 1;ñ̾ᤰʪפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-11-10-1])
#6076. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤8take --- ⤿餷ĶܸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-12-15-1])
ϼߴޤ10Ͽǯ131ڡˤˡvery --- ʪפ纮ζոءפꤷƳ֤ޤַϰ³饤Τߤǡֻ֤ 15:30--17:00 ǤؿΤϡī㡼ɶθHPܺ٤ǧξ塤ߤйǤ
1129ڡˤˡǯ٤ī㡼Υֺ˾äȤԻĤʱñ82ȤƳ֤ޤơޤϡtake --- ⤿餷ĶܸפǤ
ѸؽνʳǽвĶܸǤʤ顤ޤ¿ǻȤʤΤư takeīֺ¤Ǥϡñܤζä٤ˤҲ𤷤ޤѸǤϤʤťΥɸ줫μѸǤȤ¤ǤäǤűѸǡּפ̣ niman ˤ֤ƤäΤޤβŪĤñˤĤƤ⤿äפޤ
ιֺ¤ˡtake ᤰ꤬͡ hellog/heldio Ǽ夲ޤΤǡƤޤ
hellog #6053. 1129ڡˡīֺ¤ν2take --- ⤿餷Ķܸפ֤ޤ ([2025-11-22-1])
hellog #6059. take --- ťΥɸͳ big word εȯã ([2025-11-28-1])
hellog #6062. Take an umbrella with you. with you ϤʤɬפʤΤ --- mond ȿ ([2025-12-01-1])
hellog #6065. Take an umbrella with you. with you ˸ִطǽ ([2025-12-04-1])
hellog #6066take ¿ ([2025-12-05-1])
heldio #1640. 1129īֺ¤ take --- ⤿餷Ķܸ (2025/11/25)
heldio #1648. Take an umbrella with you. wity you äƤʤɬפʤǤ --- Ѥʵ (2025/12/03)
heldio #1651. numb nimble --- take ˶व줿 niman βŪĤ (2025/12/06)
heldio #1652. Take an umbrella with you. with you פؤȿҲ (2025/12/07)
heldio #1653. Take an umbrella with you. with you Τ⤦1Ĥ (2025/12/08)
mond Take an umbrella with you. with you äƲɬפʤǤ]]
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ʤīֺ¤Υ17ˤĤƤޥɥޥåפƤޤ
#5857. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤1she --- 츻䤨ʤ̾פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-05-10-1])
#5887. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤2through --- ޤ¿ֻͤĸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-06-09-1])
#5915. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤3autumn --- ³ƤפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-07-07-1])
#5949. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤4but --- Ĥ¿³פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-08-10-1])
#5977. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤5guy --- ̾饫եʰ̣Ѳ뤲פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-09-07-1])
#6013. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤6English --- ƤñɤޤǤꤹפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-10-01-1])
#6041. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤7I --- 1;ñ̾ᤰʪפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-11-10-1])
μ9ϡ1220ڡˤˡone --- ñʤ͡ˡعäפꤷƳ֤ޤַϰ³饤Τߤǡֻ֤ 15:30--17:00 ǤؿΤϡī㡼ɶθHPܺ٤ǧξ塤ߤйǤ

ǯ١1٤ī㡼ɶǤαѸ˹ֺ˾äȤԻĤʱñץ⡤ޤǽĴ˿ʤǤޤ轵1220ڡˡǯǤϺǸȤʤ롤3ʺǯ̻9ˤ֤ͽǤϡ츫Ȳůʤ one Ȥñܤޤ
οˤʤȤФʤΤǤ¤ϤΤǤϤޤ
one ֻȯЪΥ
괧 a/an ؤȯã
츻ŪϢ any, alone, atone, only, other, none, no
ʣ someone, anyone no one
1ĤʤΤʣ ones 롩
ֶפ one's, oneself
̾ȤƤ one
ȤƤ one
one of . . . θˡ
one 줫Ҿʤ餶ȯã뤲꤬ꤹؤѼƤ餷ȤƼΤǤϤʤǤ礦षܶǹ٤ñ餳͡ˡ߽ФƤȤޤֺ¤Ǥϡξ礭ʸùܤˡѸˤδ90ʬä礤ޤ
ֺ¤ؤλˡϡƱͤ˥饤äΤߤȤʤäƤޤꥢ륿ǤΤäΤۤ2֤θƨۿӥ⤢ޤΤǡԹΤ褤ˡǤֻ֤֤ 15:30--17:00 Ǥֺ¤ȿߤξܺ٤īڡꤴǧ
ʰʲ嵭2025/12/13(Sat))
ֺܹ¤ͽˤĤƤ heldio ˤ֡#1658. 1220īֺ¤ one --- ñʤ͡ˡعäסȤƤäƤޤҤ⤪İ
߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ
127ˤ YouTube ֤Τۤإͥ#391. ʤ no Ǥ⸵Ȥ --- no money no No, I don't. noǤ3֤ۤ#387. ѸˤϤʤ줬Ρܸˤϴ줬ʤѸδȻƤΤܸΤפΤۤ͵Ȥʤä1.45İˤΤǡ (article) ³ԤȤĤäϤΤǤ³ΥȥԥåȤ no ˸ڤȤ夵ष˥ݥåȥ饤ȤơΥȥȥͤˤʤäǤ̤Ȥơ¿˻İƤɤäǤ꤬Ȥޤ
δǤäΤǤ괧 a/an ϡȤȿ one ͳ褷ƤΤǡܼ¸ɸˤȤߤʤޤФơ no ܼϡޤԺɸǤa/an no ϡ̣жˤˤΤȤȤ館ޤ¸ߤΤʤΤ10Ȥǡ괧 no įƤߤǤ
δ鸫ȡʸˡǽ few a few ΰ̣ΰ㤤Ǥޤfew ϸ many еǤꡤ¿ʤפȤŪʰ̣礤Ǥ¸ɸ a ĤƤߤȤɤʤǤ礦֤ʤ櫓ǤϤʤ¿ϤʤפȤ few ˷̣ˡa ־ʤʤ¸ߤϤƤפȤŪʥ˥奢դä̤Ȥơ־ϤפؤỌ̇̄Ĵ롤ȲǤ櫓Ǥ
ơ a/an no Ω¤ơޤʤΤǤưǻİԤγǤääƼߤΤϡȥˤ⤢̤ꡤ2Ĥ no ̸츻äȤ¤ǤϤʤǤ礦ѸǤϡƻȤƻȤ no ȡȤƻȤ no ޤƱֻȯˤʤäƤޤ¤Ūʥ롼ĤϰۤʤΤʤΤǤ
ʲʤȤäƤñǤ⡤Υ롼Ĥɤȡä褦ˤƤΤǤ⤳ԻĤ no ˤ YouTube ưdzǧƤߤƤŪŪɷ㤵뤳礤ǤޤȤơޤϡ¤ʬϤˤĤʤ礭ǤΤǡ¿Ū˷겼ƤȹͤƤޤ
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