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etymology - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-08-28 00:27

2011-01-01 Sat

#614. The Year of the Rabbit [etymology][rhotacism]

ޤƤǤȤޤǯ hellog ɤDzޤƤ꤬Ȥޤǯ⹭Ѹ˴Ϣ򰷤äƤ椯¸Ǥɤꤤޤ
ơǯϴ٤αǯ ( the year of the Rabbit ) ˰ä rabbit hare ˤĤơ礦ǯˤʤΤǥˤȻפäƤΤѸ2ढ rabbit ֥ʥפ hare ֥Υפΰ㤤褯򤷤ƤʤäΤĴ٤Ƥߤޤϸܤ顥ʲ Visual Dictionary Online β


examples of lagomorphs - Visual Dictionary Online

hare rabbit Τ礭ȸ­Ĺhare ϥ桼饷եꥫ̥ꥫʬۤƤꡤܤǤܽϥޥߥΥƤ٤ hare ʥ˥ۥΥˤǤȤrabbit ϥ衼åѡեꥫꥫʬۤ뤬Υ衼åѻ϶ˤʤä͢Ф졤ȥꥢ˥塼ɤʤɤǤȯƳäȤƤаޤ롥ܤǸ줿̤Υ⡤ɼ rabbit Ǥ롥ĤǤˡˤ⤦1 pika ֥ʥפϥåȤ˻Τʤḁ̇̄ꥫʬۤƤꡤܤǤ̳ƻλӤˡ֥ʥפ©롥
hare rabbit ʪŪʶ̤ʬۤϤ褽ǤȤơ˸츻˰ܤhare ϰ캬 *kas- "grey" ̤Ťǡ2Ҳޥĸ *z ȤơűѸ rhotacism Ф r Ȥꡤhara ʸڤƤ롥Υηƻ leporine ( see [2010-04-18-1] )
rabbit θ츻Ϥ褯ʬäƤʤѸǤ14˽ФƤ ( see "rabet" in MED ) Flemish robbe ֥פλؾե󥹸ͳäƤȿ¬Ƥ뤬꤫ǤϤʤ
ܸ֤פθ츻ˤϽ⤢뤬ŷ֥פ1ǤΤ򤭤äơ֥פäȤΤͭϤǤ롥֥פϿ򤤺Ȥ롥
ơθ츻ϤޤǡϤȤ⤢졤ǯɤǯǤޤ褦ˡ

Referrer (Inside): [2011-01-02-1]

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2010-12-18 Sat

#600. Ѹ츻ν [etymology][dictionary][lexicology][bibliography]

Ѹθ츻¿뤬ΩäΤνޤȤ᤿츻ϰ̤αѸ켭ˤޤ뤳Ȥ¿ä OED Web3 ʤɤܳɼϤΤޤ޸츻ȤƻȤȤǤΤǡꥹȤ˴ޤ᤿Ѹäε˭٤Ǥ뤳ȤϱѸ츻񤬴Ϣθ츻ȤϢȤ٤Ǥ뤳Ȥ̣뤬Ǥϳ䰦ޤĸ˴Ϣ뼭ˤĤƤϡWatkins ΤΤ1󤲤ˤȤɤ᤿饤ѤǤ츻䤽¾θ츻ˤĤƤ[2010-08-25-1]ε˵󤲤󥯤򻲾ȡ

Barnhart, Robert K. and Sol Steimetz, eds. The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology. Bronxville, NY: The H. W. Wilson, 1988.
Brown, Leslie, ed. The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993.
Burchfield, Robert William, ed. A Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary. 4 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1972--86.
Ekwall, Bror Oscar Eilert. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names. 4th ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1960. 1st ed. 1936.
Gove, Philip Babcock (editor-in-chief). Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language. Unabridged. A Merriam-Webster. Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam, 1976. 1st ed. 1961.
Hoad, Terence Frederick, ed. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford: Clarendon, 1986.
Holthausen, Ferdinand. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der englischen Sprache. 3rd ed. Göttingen: Vanderhoeck & Ruprecht, 1949. 1st ed. Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, 1917.
Klein, Ernest. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Dealing with the Origin of Words and Their Sense Development, Thus Illustrating the History of Civilization and Culture. 2 vols. Amsterdam/London/New York: Elsevier, 1966--67. Unabridged, one-volume ed. 1971.
Murray, James Augustus Henry, Henry Bradley, William Alexander Craigie, and Charles Talbut Onions, eds. The Oxford English Dictionary Being A Corrected Re-issue with an Introduction, Supplement, and Bibliography of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society. 13 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1933.
Onions, Charles Talbut, ed. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Prepared by William Little, Henry Watson Fowler and Jessie Coulson. Rev. ed. C. T. Onions. 3rd ed. Completely reset with Etymologies revised by George Washington, Salisbury Friedrichsen, and with Revised Addenda. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1973. 1st ed. 1933.
Onions, Charles Talbut, ed. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. With the assistance of G. W. S. Friedrichsen and R. W. Burchfield. Oxford: Clarendon, 1966.
Partridge, Eric Honeywood. Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. 4th ed. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1966. 1st ed. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; New York: Macmillan, 1958.
Simpson, John Andrew and Edmund S. C. Weiner (prepared). The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 20 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1989.
Skeat, Walter William, ed. An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. 4th ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1910. 1st ed. 1879--82. 2nd ed. 1883.
Skeat, Walter William, ed. A Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. New ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1910. 1st ed. 1882.
߷ ˧ͺ (Խ紴)رѸ츻ŵ١ҡ1997ǯ
Watkins, Calvert Ward, ed. The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. Rev. ed. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1985.
Weekly, Ernest. An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. With a New Biographical Memoir of the Author by Montague Weekley. 2 vols. New York: Dover, 1967. 1st ed. London: John Murray, 1921.

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2010-12-17 Fri

#599. Ѹ츻ؤά (2) [etymology][lexicography]

ε[2010-12-16-1]³ǡѸ츻ؤȯŸˤγάˤĤơ18ˡ츻ؤ礭žޤ롥William Jones ιֱ ( see [2010-02-03-1] ) ˤäü郎줿19ӸؤȯŸˤꡤ츻ؤˡŪʤ礭ޤѤ뤳ȤˤʤäΤǤ롥
Walter W. Skeat ϸŪ츻ؤοΩԤȤƸƤФˤդ路 An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Arranged on an Historical Basis (1879--82) Ǥ˻ޤDz³Ʊˤν̱ǤȤ⤤ A Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language (1882) Ǥ츻ηسưդäƤʤSkeat ϸ츻ؤ¿ǤƤ롧Principles of English Etymology (1887, 1891--92)A Primer of English Etymology (1892), Notes on English Etymology (1901) ơThe Science of Etymology (1912) Skeat νȤ⤤Ǥ롥Skeat Johnson μ H. Fox Talbot English Etymologies (1847) ʤɤθŤ츻ؼƤʳŪ츻ؤĥΤǤ롥
Ƹ츻ػˤ򿶤֤äƤߤȡ17μо衤ȤŪŪɴʼŵŪμȤƸ츻󤬼ˤФƤˤʤä18ˤʤäƷŪʸ캬Ʊشؿ椷Ϥ롥19Ӹؤˤäơ캬ƱϲʳŪ̩äηŪɵ椵졤Skeat OED η˷¤
֥󥷥ˤСŪʴηŪʸ츻ؤϤǤ˴˶ŤƤꡤθ츻ؤϵɽǤϤʤơʤ̣εѲ򵭽ҤΤǤʤФʤʤȤ츻ؤϡ̣ȤĤΰؤȼ򿭤Ф򤨤ʤϡ̣Ѳν̤˲Ф츻ŵƤ뤳ȤˤʤΤ

=å֥󥷥 ס رѸ츻ء١ʸ˥ӡҡ1999ǯ ( Blanchot, Jean-Jacques. L'Étymologie Anglaise. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1995. )

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2010-12-16 Thu

#598. Ѹ츻ؤά (1) [etymology][lexicography][cawdrey][johnson]

Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ڤ˱Ѹ켭³ȸϤ17Ƭ顤OED ǤϤ19Ⱦ˻ޤǤˡ츻μɤΤ褦˱Ѹ켭ȿǤƤƸ츻ؤȤʬɤΤ褦ȯŸƤ򡤥֥󥷥2ϡֶʳذαѸ츻ءס3ϡʸˡؼԤȼԻԡפ˵äƳά򼨤
ޤŪǤϤ뤬γѸȷݽѸ˸츻ŪҤäȤ٤ϡ۸ Thomas Blount ˤ Glossographia (1656) Ǥ롥Henry Cockeram The English Dictionarie (1623) ϤȤμϡ츻 Francis Holyoke Ѽ Dictionarium Etymologicum (1639) ˵ĤġȼϰդäƤ롥츻ιͤϡ֤˴ŤΤǤϤʤƤϢ˴Ť̤ϤʤΤǤϤ뤬˸츻ŪηǺܤ󾧤ꥹμԻԤȤƸ츻ػ˾塤פǤ롥
Ʒ֤˴ŤŪʸ츻ѤäƸ츻 Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae (1671) ԻΤ Stephen Skinner Ǥ롥Skinner 1691ǯˤϤβ A New English Dictionary, Shewing the Etymological Derivation of the English Tongue, in Two Parts ǤƤ롥ܻϤޤdzάŪǤꡤ­ΩĤ֤˴Ť츻ƤƤǡ츻ػ˾塤⤬롥ǤϥƥнŤθ츻ѤĤĤꡤޥˤؿʧ롥Ʊˤϡƿ̾ Gazophylacium Anglicanum (1689) 褦ʸ츻ѤäƽǤƤ롥
Τ褦˷֤˴Ť츻ؤ˰äƤä캬ηŪƱ̤ʴؿ󤻤Ǹ츻ػ˾פôäƤΤ Nathaniel Bailey An Universal Etymological English Dictionary (1721) Ǥ롥θ츻1802ǯޤǤ25ǤŤͤۤɽѤ줿Bailey Ϥޤ Dictionarium Britannicaum: Or, A More Compleat Universal Etymological English Dictionary than any Extant, etc. Containing not only the Words, and their Explications; but their Etymologies . . . (1730) ԤǤ⤢롥1736ǯ2ǤǤϡޥؼ Thomas Lediard ζϤդƸ츻ŪϤ˭ˤʤäμᡤ1755ǯˤ Joseph Nicol Scott ˤ A New Universal Etymological English Dictionary Ǥ줿
褽Ʊˡ츻ϸɤԲķμǤȤΩ줫顤Benjamin Martin ˤ Linguae Britannica Reformata, Or, A New English Dictionary (1749) 롥ơSamuel Johnson ϡ츻ؤδǧ᤿ A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) 礤˸츻ߡθ츻Ѥ礭ʱƶͿ뤳ȤȤʤä
Τȡ18˸̩ʷŪƱˡӸؤ֤롥θ츻ؤؤΥѥȤˤĤƤεǡ

=å֥󥷥 ס رѸ츻ء١ʸ˥ӡҡ1999ǯ ( Blanchot, Jean-Jacques. L'Étymologie Anglaise. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1995. )

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2010-12-15 Wed

#597. starve starvation [euphemism][semantic_change][hybrid][suffix][etymology]

ε[2010-12-14-1]ǸűѸǡֻ̡פ steorfan ( > PDE starve ) äȤˤ츻õȡƤꡤư켫ΤնɽȤ⤤Ǥ롥ĸθ캬 ( root ) ȤƤ *ster- "stiff" ˤΤܤꡤưȤƤϡֹŤʤפۤɤΰ̣äꤵ롥
äơstarve ΰ̣Ѳ餫ŪնŪؤƤȤȤˤʤ롥űѸ줫ѸˤƤΰ̣ѲϡҤ٤̤ü첽 ( specialisation ) ȤƸڤ롥ȤüʻؤỌ̇̄ꤵƤ椯̣ü첽˨ϡ12 starve of [with] hunger Ȥäɽνи˸ȤǤ롥ˡޤǤ˲ȤϴطʤñˡʢסֵƤ롤˾ƤפȤạ̈ؤȼ岽Ƥ
⤦1Ĥ⤷Τϡ̾ starvation Ǥ롥Ф1778ǯȿˡƵǤ롥starve Ȥˡޥ󥹸Ϥ̾ -ation ղäƤ ( hybrid ) Ǥꡤ¤-ation Ǥ¾ϤΤθ츻ԾܤΡʤäƤ⤷줫⤷ʤȤƤ flirtation 1718ǯˡbotheration 1797ǯˤ롥

Referrer (Inside): [2011-06-16-1]

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2010-12-03 Fri

#585. عפθ츻 [etymology][japanese]

ܸΡعפ夫ѤƤ뤬θ츻ԾܤȤƤ롥衤͡⤬ƤƤ

(1) ιפ
(2) sack coat Ǥäꤷ
(3) ֻ̱פɽ魯 civil clothes civil ʽäȤͭϤȤƤ
(4) ɥˤ»λΩ¿ϩ Savile Row
(5) åȥɤӡϤλ Cheviot
(6) Ѹ vest ؿסnew waistcoat ֿؿפʤɤȡءפѤ뤳Ȥˤʤä

(4) Savile Row ⤽οΤۤɤʬʤΤˤ̤ˤ18³Ϸޤ¿ǥĤΩƤ뤳Ȥ»ΤΥơȤ롥Τ1ǤΩƤƤߤʤʪΥ̴ˡ

Savile Row

ƽܸ츻缭ŵ١شۡ2005ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2016-03-23-1]

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2010-11-29 Mon

#581. ache --- ʤֻȯ [etymology][spelling_pronunciation_gap][etymological_respelling][verb][conjugation][johnson][sobokunagimon]

ֻȯδطˤĤơ<ch> ̾ /tʃ/ б뤬/k/ б뤳Ȥ⤢롥/k/ ؤбϥꥷƥ줫μѸŵŪ˸졤ȤǤϤʤ ( ex. chemistry, chorus, chronic, school ) Ѹ <ch> = /k/ бache /eɪk/ ѤԤǤ롥
θϸűѸ acan ˤפ̤뤬Ūˤϰĸ *ak- ֱԤפˤޤ̤ꤦ ( cf. acid, acrid, acute, vinegar ) űѸư acan ϶ѲưVI°4׷ acan -- ōc -- ōcon -- acen ä14ϼѲ⸽졤˴˶ܹԤФʢθݤֶܹԡפȸƤ֤褦ǡѸˤϤʤ¤˴ؤܸɽˡ
űѸư acan ϻҲ̾ æce ˤߡפƤ see [2009-06-16-1] ) ʹߡѸޤǤưֻ̾ȯ϶̤Ƥ1700ǯդ꤫麮ƱƤ롥ȯǤ̾줬ư˵ۼ /eɪk/ 줵줿ֻǤư줬̾˵ۼ <ache> 줵줿ȤƤϤޤ <ch> = /k/ бϡư̾κƱ˴ŤΤäȤˤʤ롥
κƱбŤΤϡDr Johnson Ǥ롥1755ǯμǡto ake θФ˼Τ褦롥

to ake by Johnson

Johnson Ϥθθ츻򥮥ꥷȸ򤷤Ƥ褦ǡ椨 <ache> ֻȤεҤ˱ƶϤڤܤߤֻȯΤͤ줿طꤷƤޤä
ʤߤˡܸΡˤáפȱѸ ouch ȯƤʤʤ ouch ϡ18˥ɥĸ ( Pennsylvania Dutch ) δ autsch 饢ꥫѸäȤ뤬ܸΡ֤פˤɥĸ autsch ˤѸ ouch ˤ ache ˤεüȯΤǤϤʤȵ롥ouch ˤĤơܸΡ֤פ򻲾ȤƤ Online Etymology Dictionary ε⻲ȡ

Referrer (Inside): [2019-05-22-1]

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2010-11-28 Sun

#580. island --- ʤֻȯ [etymology][spelling_pronunciation_gap][etymological_respelling][hybrid][sobokunagimon]

ε[2010-11-27-1] aisle ֻȯˤĤƽҤ٤طʤˤϰ­ֻ̯ȯδطΩƤ isle island ¸ߤäisland ϰθ˴Ť etymological respelling ŵǤꡤ⤷[2009-11-05-1], [2009-08-21-1]ǤܤƤʤäΤǡ٤ФʤͳҲ𤷤
פɽ魯ϸűѸ īeglandēaland ȤäʣȾʬ īeg- ēa ϡֿ塤פɽ魯ǡ land Ȥ߹蘆äơפֿ̣ϡפפ̣ȤΤϤȯۤǤꡤޥˤбʣ줬롥ʤߤˡīeg- ΰκƷ *akwā ǡϥƥ aqua ֿפƱǤ롥
ơűѸ īegland ѸǤ iland yland Ȥäǡ1300ǯˡפɽ魯Ȥƥե󥹸줫 ile, yle äƤ iland ile + land ȺʬϤ뤳ȤȤʤäʬϤλǤϥե󥹸ǤȱѸǤȤ߹蘆ä ( hybrid ) Ȥʤ뤬Ȥ߹碌[2009-08-01-1]εǿ줿褦ɬϤʤ
ˤ⤦Ҥ꤬ͤä롥15˥ե󥹸¦ ile isle ֤褦ˤʤäϡƥθ츻 insula פ򻲾Ȥ etymological spelling ä <s> ޤ etymological spelling αƶե󥹸줫ѸؤڤӡѸǤ15 isle ʣǤ16 isle-land 졤17 island ֻ夷ֻηаޤܤˡȯΤۤ /s/ 櫓Ǥʤ1Ĺ첻 /iː/ 첻ܤФ /aɪ/ ؤȿܤ
ȤǡűѸ īeg- ֿפϡFrisian Old Norse Ǥ -land ȼ鷺ȤñȤǡפɽ魯Ȥ餪⤷եꥸ䥢ν̱֤줿Τʤ˽Ǥ褦ʤ󤵡פȤäƤ뤫Τ褦Ǥ롥ֿפȡפǤϤޤȿո̱ˤȤäƤ We live on the water We live on the island ȤϤۤɰۤʤʤΤ⤷ʤ

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2010-11-27 Sat

#579. aisle --- ʤֻȯ [etymology][gvs][spelling_pronunciation_gap][etymological_respelling][johnson][sobokunagimon]

Ե֤ϩ¦ʤΤȤ aisle seat ȤäĹΥԵǤ window seat ȥΩ䤹ʪߤ䤹ʤɤͳǡϤäѤ aisle seat ɤǤ롥ʤ aisle Ϥֻ̯ȯʤΤȤդȻפäĴ٤ƤߤȡʤʤˤФƤ褦OED εҤɤǤȡʣƺ𤹤ۤɤ
ȯ鸫Ƥߤ褦츻ϥƥ āla פ /aː/ 첻äƤťե󥹸Ǥ e(e)le 1ʾ夬ä첻򼨤η֤14˱ѸäƤ15ϡθΡ¦ϭסʶƲ濴ʬΥۤ줿¦ϭˤθ ile פϢۤ졤/iː/ βĤ˻롥줬첻ܤϤȤʤꡤߤȯ /aɪl/ ˤɤĤƥ /ā/ 鸽Ѹ /aɪ/ ޤ夬򹭤ưƤȤˤʤ롥ȤƤ[2010-07-25-1]ǿ줿 friar ʤɤ롥
ֻϤäʣǤ롥ƥ <ala>ťե󥹸 <e(e)la>Ѹ <ele>, <ile> ޤǤϾǸ18ˡ­ˡʸ˴Ť etymological respelling <s> Ƥ isle island ( see [2009-11-05-1], [2009-08-21-1] ) ˤʤ餤θ isle ֤褦ˤʤ롥³ƥե󥹸ȯãƤֻ <aile> ˤƶ졤ߤ <aisle> ߤֻϡisle aile ιλҤȤȤˤʤ롥
Samuel Johnson A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) aile ֻȼĥƤ뤬Ǥ˸ߤֻ̯夷ĤĤä褦Ǥ롥

Thus the word is written by Addison, but perhaps improperly; since it seems deducible only from either aile, a wing, or allie, a path; and is therefore to be written aile.

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2010-11-17 Wed

#569. discus --- 6Ÿ߽Фðۤθ캬 [doublet][loan_word][etymology]

츻ˤ֤ΰۤʤ2Ĥθ ( doublet ) ȸƤ֡ޤǤ2Ÿ3ŸˤĤƤ¿εˤƤ ( see doublet and triplet ) Ѹθä˭٤ͤȡDzŸޤǤΤȻפäƤBryson (67) 6Ÿ ( sextuplet ) ¸ߤȤҤߤĤ
奮ꥷ discos ƥä discus ֡ʸ奮ꥷζѤΡ˱ספ캬Ȥʲαñ췲Ǥ롥

WordMeaningFirst year by OED
dishOE
daisֹ¡ʡa1259
deskִc1386
discus֡ʸ奮ꥷζѤΡ˱ס1656
diskֱסŷΤΡʿ߷ʵΤΡ˥ǥ1664
discȤ disk α֤C18?


disc disk ΰ֤Ǥ̤θȤߤʤȤǤ뤫ɤ򺹤ƤƲ5Ÿ ( quintuplet ) Ǥ롥dais ϥե󥹸ͳѷ֤ѸäΤǤ롥desk ϡץ󥹸 desca ֤פ뤤ϥꥢ desco 桤פ˴Ťƥη֤ѸäΤǡdiscus εΥϱ󤤤ŪˤƱȹͤ롥
űѸμѤȹͤ dish Ѹ disk, disc ޤǡ褯⤳ۤĹ֤ˤ錄äƥƥ discus ˤäˤʤäƤΤ
Bryson ¾ˤ⡤4Ÿ ( quadruplet ) Ȥƥƥ gentilis ˤΤܤ jaunty ۵ʡڲʡ, gentle ͥ, gentile Ρ, genteel ־ʤ֤äפ󤲤Ƥ롥

Bryson, Bill. Mother Tongue: The Story of the English Language. London: Penguin, 1990.

Referrer (Inside): [2020-07-14-1]

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2010-11-06 Sat

#558. Romance [literature][romance][etymology]

ܸǡ֥ޥ󥹡פȤäưŪ۵ΤʪʸؤΥȤƤΥޥ󥹤ϡ͡ȯŸ뤲ʤ鸽ˤޤǶƶϤڤܤƤ롥ǡӸؤʬǡ֥ޥ󥹡פȤСɥ衼åѸ²Υåɤμפʽޤޥ󥹸ɤΤȤؤŪˤϡƥȤե󥹸졤ڥ졤ݥȥ졤ꥢ졤ץХ󥹸졤ȡޥ󥷥졤롼ޥ˥졤˥ʤɤΤǤ롥Ǥϡ֥ޥ󥹡פΤ2ĤθϴϢƤΤ
Yes ϢƤ롥Ѹ romance ϸťե󥹸 romanz μѸǡԤ¯ƥ *Rōmānicē ֥ޥ󥹸ǡס˥ƥ Rōmānicus ֥ޤΡפ̤Ȥ롥ťե󥹸ǤϡθϥƥФƥƥ줫ȯãǤե󥹸ؤɽȤѤ줿Υե󥹸 ( = Romance ) ǽ񤫤줿ʸؤϵƻۡĶȤˤ䤫ʤޤȤޤ򼨤Ƥꡤʸإȯã뤳Ȥˤʤäơ֥ޥ󥹡פϡƥ줫ؤȤȤˡƱˤǽ񤫤줿äʸؤؤȤˤʤä
ʸإȤƤΥޥ󥹤12ȾФ˥ե󥹤ޤ줿ѸäƤΤ1ʾ٤ƤΤȤǤ롥٤ϡΥޥˤäƥ󥰥ɤˤѸμҲŪϰ̤񤭸դȤƤαѸ줬Ƥ褹ޤǤˤФ餯֤äȤˤ롥󥰥ɤǤϱѸ˥ƥ졤ե󥹸졤󥰥Υޥˤޥ󥹺ʤޤƤꡤˤȯκʤȤDZѸΥޥ󥹤о줷Ƥ13Ⱦ15ˤƱѸΥޥ󥹺ʤ蘆뤳ȤȤʤäޥ󥹤ήԤ϶äƿह롥ޥ󥹤ϥȤѤ뤳ȤϤʤ̮ȸߤˤޤǼѤƤ롥18ˤϥåޥ󥹤Ȥ̤20ʹߤ J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, J. K. Rowling ʤɤκʤɽե󥿥Ǥϥޥ󥹤η򸽺ߤƤ롥
ޥ󥹤񤷤Ūɽ䵳ƻۤȤäǶǤäʤνΤȤߤ뤳ȤϤǤ뤬ζŪʸϹϰȤȤ˼¤¿ˤ錄롥¿ޥ󥹿͵©ĹƤ褦˻פ롥Chism (57) ޥ󥹤ˤĤƤ Cooper θڤҲ𤷤Ƥ롥

Helen Cooper suggests that romance is best conceived as a family, branching and evolving in different directions, rather than as manifestations or "clones of a single Platonic idea," and this family metaphor is useful because it stresses the genre's existence in time.


ޥ󥹤ϡȤƾ˿ʲդŸƤ餳ĶɼԤ椭ĤΤ

Chism, Christine. "Romance." Chapter 4 of The Cambridge Companion to Medieval English Literature 1100-1500. Ed. Larry Scanlon. Cambridge: CUP, 2009. 57--69.

Referrer (Inside): [2011-04-27-1] [2011-02-15-1]

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2010-11-05 Fri

#557. finis [etymology][derivation]

ȤDZʸɤǤơֺ٤פȤ̣Ѥ fine ˽вäʼºݤˤ finely Ȥơˡֺ٤פȤϳΤߤʤ⤷ʤfine rain ֤̤סfine dust ֺ٤ԼפʤɤɽǻѤ롥
fine μθι򤹤ˤϡ츻ͤȤ褤ƻ fine ϡOld French fin 13˱Ѹää̤ Late Latin fīnus "fine, pure" Latin fīnis "end" ˤɤ夯ƥ fīnis ϡڤפ̣캬 fid Ƥ ( cf. fissure ܡ ) θ캬θˤȤƿθ줬߽Ф뤳ȤȤʤä
ΤڤפȤˤäơֺ٤פʤ롥١סֱҡססס־ʡפʤɤΰ̣ϤڤפȡֶפǤϰϡסָ١פ롥ָ١סָ³פüסֽפؤỌ̇̄ŸˡֻסֲפؤĥʲΥꥹȤθϤ٤ƱѸˤ⤿餵줿 fīnis ƱǤ롥ΰ̣ˤϡ嵭ΰ̣Τ줫ȿǤƤ롥췲ΰ̣ΤĤʤȹ̣äƤ餤

affinity ֿƶסʢξüܤƤ֡
confine ¤
define ָꤹ롤
final ֺǸΡ
finance ֺ⸻סʢʪ˻դ뤿ζΰ
fine ֤줿
fine ȳסʢʪ˻դ뤿ζ⡤ʾ٤褹ʤȤƤζ
finery ֡ʲ٤ʡ
finesse ֵͥ
finial ĺڡü
finical ֶŤΡऺ
finis ֽꡤ
finish ֽλ
finite ͭ¤Ρ
infinite ̵¤Ρ
infinitesimal ֶ˾Ρ
infinitive סʢ;ΤˤäƸꤵƤʤ֡
infinitude ̵¡
refine ϣ

ˤϡ㤨 definition, definitive ʤɤΤʤϴޤޤƤʤ캬̣ι̣臘ˤϡʡ缣μŵäƤĤǤ롥츻ŵڡ륯ͭѡ
ƥ sequi ˤĤƽҤ٤[2009-07-08-1]ε׻ȡ

ʡ ԡرѸ츻ŵ١ܿ޽饤֡1992ǯ

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2010-10-27 Wed

#548. example, ensample, sample [doublet][triplet][etymological_respelling][etymology][aphaeresis]

Ѹ˻Ĥɸ3ϡ츻ˤ ( triplet ) Ǥ롥ƥ emere "take" Ƭ ex- "out" ղä줿 eximere ȤȤʤꡤexemplum "something taken out" ̣ϡ¿椫Ф줿ΡפּܡϡܡɸܡפؤѲ
ƥ exemplum ϸ˻ҲѲ essample Ȥƥե󥹸äΥե󥹸 essample뤤Ϥ˻ҲѲ󥰥ե ensample ʤɤη֤1290ǯ˱ѸؼѤ졤ԤѸä˹Ȥ줿ensample ϸʶϤ뤬ߤǤѤƤ롥
1384ǯܤΥƥ򻲾Ȥ example ӱѸäƤ ( cf. etymological_respelling ) ensample example ä˰̣ʤѤƤԤ᤯٤ȤƤͥˤʤä褦Ǥ롥
ˤΰǡ1325ǯȤᤤʳƬü ( aphaeresis ) ˤ sample ѸǸФơѸ3Ÿ줬ʻ¸Ȥʤä
ϢȤƤϡexempt Ƚפ롥ϥƥ eximere βʬ exemptus ѸäΤǡּФעֳӽעȽפȤ̣ΤĤʤ򼨤

Referrer (Inside): [2020-07-13-1] [2019-04-15-1]

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2010-10-19 Tue

#540. Ralph ȯ [pronunciation][etymology][personal_name][spelling_pronunciation_gap]

Ȥdz顤̾ Ralph ʤ /reɪf/ ȯΤȤ䤬äʤۤɡRalph ˤֻͽۤ /rælf/ ȯ⤢뤬/reɪf/ Ȥȯ⤢롥ԤŪȯǡä˥ꥹ¿ʹ̾Ǥ롥㤨Сꥫͺ Ralph Waldo Emerson 䥢ꥫͥեå󡦥ǥʡ Ralph Lauren ǤԤȯꥹͺʲ Ralph Vaughan Williams ǤϸԤȯʹ롥
̾ϡOld Norse Raðulfr Radulf Ȥ Old Norman French ꡤû̷ Raulf ѸäƤΤǤ롥Old Norse η֤ϸűѸ Rǣdwulf ( rǣd "counsel" + wulf "wolf" ) бֽϵפۤɤΰդǤ롥ߤֻ18˰̲<ph> ֻϥƥ줢뤤ϥꥷֻΤγʹĤwulf ϤȤȤŵͳ褹櫓ǤϤʤΤ etymological respelling ( see [2009-08-21-1], [2009-11-05-1] ) ȤϸƤ٤ʤ̤ȤƤƱȹͤ롥
<ph> ֻĤ褦ˤʤä̤ȤƤϡűѸ rand "shield" + wulf "wolf" ͳ褹 RandolphBēowulf ( bēo "bee" + wulf "wolf" ) ⸽äƤ顤*Beewolph Ȥ *Beelph Τ褦̾ˤʤäƤ⤷ʤ
ơ/reɪf/ ȤȯˤĤƤϤɤ/rælf/ /reɪf/ ؤȯѲƻڤˤĤƤϡĴ٤Ƥߤܺ٤ʬʤäΤ褦ƻڤꤵ/reɪf/ 첻ܤνϷ̤ȤȡϤ /raːf/ Ǥ롥ԤȯϡRaulf ʤɤν֤Ҳ l æ뤤첻Ȥͻˤäưפã롥ºݤˡRauf, Rafe ʤɤַ֤ɽ魯ֻŪڤ롥ȯֻ줾ĤΥ줺ȯŸǽŪˤϤϤбط <Ralph> = /reɪf/ ˻äȤΤǤϤʤ̾̾ʤɤθͭ̾졤ä˥ꥹΤΤˤϡΤ褦ʡ֤Ϥפ¿ ( see [2010-07-18-1] )

Referrer (Inside): [2015-01-14-1]

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2010-10-17 Sun

#538. monokini trikini [etymology][folk_etymology][metanalysis][analogy][prefix]

ε[2010-10-16-1] bikini θ츻ˤĤĴ٤太⤷Ϣ줬롥monokini trikini
ܤñ򡥤ޤbikini bi ƥǡ2פ̣ƬʬϤ2ԡοפȲ᤹롥˰äơ1ԡοפɽΤ˥ꥷΡ1פ̣Ƭ mono- ѤȤȤǤ롥Ʊͤˡ3ԡοפˤϥƥ졦ꥷΡ3פ̣Ƭ tri- Ƥ
줾οΥץʥǥդˤ򤼤ҸȤϰʲ򻲾ȡ

monokini
bikini
trikini

εǤߤ褦ˡbikini ϥޡθϸθͭ̾ͳ褹Τǡ츻Ū˥ƥ䥮ꥷƬȤϴطʤäơmonokini trikini ͷӤˤ¤Ǥ롥⤷ΤϡθФƼ㤨 monokini ˤĤơҡؿ¼ŵ6ǡ٤ϡֵŪ¤פƤ뤬Ϸޤ OALD8 "the first syllable misinterpreted as bi- 'two'" ȤƤ롥ԤΤäƤ롥ϤͷӤǤ礦ȸ
ܤȤϤäΤΡOALD8 ϩǤ⤹ȤɤʤƽɤäƲ⤹롥

(1) bikini bi + kini ʬ ( metanalysis )
(2) bi- 2פ̣ƥƬȤơkini "piece(s)" 餤ΰ̣˲ᤷָ̱츻 ( folk etymology )
(3) bi-, mono-, tri- Ȥŵ˴ŤƬηϤ ( analogy ) Ū˱Ѥ monokini trikini ޤ

θͷӤǤ촪㤤Ǥ졤̤Ȥ3˴ޤޤ뤳Ȥˤʤä kini ϱѸˤưηǤȤΩȤäƤ⤤⤷ʤ

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2010-10-16 Sat

#537. bikini [etymology]

ؤäƤ顤ƱνȲƤϲ򤷤ƤȤäˤʤäιԢ꥾Ȣᢪ墪ӥˤ꤬ܤꡤbikini θ츻äˤʤä

Bikini

ꥫˤ1946ǯο¸ϤȤΤ롤ʿ⤫֥ޡ ( the Marshal Islands ) Υӥ˴ľ ( Bikini Atoll ) ȷӤĤϤȤȤʬäƤ⡤ʤ줬˴طΤϤ褯ʬʤäĴ٤ƤߤƤ⡤ʶȤƤɤ줬θ츻ϤäꤷʤOED ˤбѸǤν1948ǯǤꡤǯ˥ե󥹸Ѥ줿ΤѸ˼Ѥ줿Ȥ顤Ūˤϥӥ˴ľ̤Ǥμ¸ȳΤ礷Ƥ롥ʳǤϸ츻ԾܤȤ٤餷4ġʲ˵󤲤Ƥߤ롥

(1) 1946ǯ˥ӥ˿夬ƥѥΥ硼Ǹ줿Ȥξ׷ȡƱǯΥӥ˴ľ̤Ǥο¸ξ׷Ȥä
(2) ӥ˿õե󥹤εѼԡ륤륪 ( Louis Ruault ) ̾դʲˤʤǤ
(3) ӥ˿ϥ륤륪ȥåबƱȯɽϺǽ֥ȥפȸƤ¸˰äƸˡ֥ӥˡפ̾դľ줿
(4) ӥ˴ľ̤θ̱Τˤʤ
(5) ¸ˤ뤭ΤȤη

⤷ (1) β⤬Ȥȡ1954ǯμ¸ʡεݤλפȤܿͤˤȤäԶ࿵ʸ츻ʤȻפ虜򤨤ʤʼ²ȤΤФʡεŸΤǤʤߤ˥˥塼ˤʤޤǯ81˥ӥ˴ľ̤ͥΡΡ仺Ͽޤˡ
־ĴǤϤۤȤɤ (1) ѤƤ褦ǡ¾⤬Ҳ𤵤ƤʤФ꤫츻ԾܤȤȤ餬ܤ䤱Ƥ褦ʸ̤Фääȴʤ

Referrer (Inside): [2021-05-05-1] [2010-10-17-1]

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2010-09-22 Wed

#513. ˡȱѽ470ǯ֤Ρ² [etymology][history]

轵16ѹˤŪʽäˡ٥ͥǥ16 ( Pope Benedict XVI ) ѹˬ䤷ѹ񶵲ĺΩĥꥶ٥ȸ̤ΤǤ롥ˡȱѹʽ˲θνϡإ꡼8 ( Henry VIII ) 1534ǯ˥ȥåȷ̤ư衤¤476ǯ֤ΤȤǤ롥ŪȤäƤ褤
16դ BBC News ˤȡˡ Glasgow ߥ7ο͡ȤΤԤ֤Ǥ롥ˡȽβ̤Ǥξ²򤬶Ĵ줿
ơαʸˤˡɽ魯̾Ȥ (the) Pope 17ѤƤ뤬̤ pontiff Ȥ̾3ѤƤ롥Pope ϥƥ pāpa ͳ褷űѸѤƤ롥papa Ʊǡꥹȶζΰ̣Ǥ롥ˡФ pontiff ȤƾΤ17ȾΤȤǡŪθϥե󥹸 pontifeˤϥƥ pontifex ̤ꡤpōns "bridge" + -fic-, -fex "maker" ʣǤ롥pontifex "high priest" ֹ̿פؤĹ Pontifex Maximus ˡġפä櫓Ǥ롥
ֶͤ͡פʤֹ̿פȤʤΤˤĤƤϡϾŷ˶ͤͤǤȤ᤬ꤦ뤬ˤָ̱츻 ( folk etymology ) Ūʲ᤬ޤޤƤ褦Ǥ롥OED ˤСponti- pōns ֶפǤϤʤƥƱåɤ Oscan-Umbrian ( see [2009-06-17-1], [2010-07-26-1] ) ˤ puntis "propitiatory offering" ֡ʿˤʤ뤿˺ФʪפǤϤʤȤ줬 pōns ֶפȷŪ˺Ʊ줿
ˡˬѤϽθξԤˤΤǡͤƤΤ pontiff ǤϤʤ Queen äpontiff Queen βͶ˲ǼΤ褦ξͻ¤⤯ȡ


Your Holiness, your presence here today reminds us of our common Christian heritage. . . . I'm pleased that your visit will deepen the relationship between the Roman Catholic Church and the established Church of England and Church of Scotland.


ˡϡѹΥꥹȶ˴Ťˤ礤ɾơͻ¤˼Τ褦˱Τä

The monarchs of England and Scotland have been Christians from very early times, and include outstanding saints like Edward the Confessor and Margaret of Scotland. . . . As a result, the Christian message has been an integral part of the language, thought and culture of the peoples of these islands for more than a thousand years.

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2010-09-10 Fri

#501. ε [etymology][loan_word][semantic_change]

9äƤ⤤ޤǤԽ뤬³Ƥ뤬򸫾夲Ƚפ碌뤦⤫֤褦ˤʤäϤ路бޤȤƤФ뤬¯Τǡ̾Τϴѱʤ󤻤ˤȤѸDzȤΤȻפĴ٤Ƥߤȡcirrocumulus ȤΤäݵ ( World Meteorological Organization ) ˤȡ10ʬवȤʲ Visual Dictionary Online βcirrocumulus 2ܤ "high clouds" ʾرˤβˤ롥

clouds [1] - Visual Dictionary Online clouds [2] - Visual Dictionary Online clouds [3] - Visual Dictionary Online clouds [4] - Visual Dictionary Online

ѸǤ¯Τ mackerel sky ɽη줬ȸΩƤƤ뤬Ǥ sky Ϥθθͤȶ̣sky ϸťΥɸ ský ֱפμѸǡѸˤ13˱Ѹ˽Ƹ뤬ѸǤΰ̣ϤϤֱפäűѸ scua "shadow, darkness" scield "shield"ե󥹸줫μѸ obscure ʤɤƱȹͤ졤ĸ *(s)keu- θ "to cover" ʤפȹͤ롥sky 13Ⱦ᤯ֶפθȯŸ˻äƤꡤֱפ16ǸѤƤޤä
űѸǡֱפ wolcen ȸä12餤 sky ƱͤˡֶפθȯŸʸءŪɽȤƸ welkin ˤĤʤäƤ롥2ñǡֱפֶפؤỌ̇̄Ѳ뤲ΤФơֱפɽŪʸȤ13ʹߤƬƤΤ cloud Ǥ롥θϸűѸִ仳פΰ̣ѤƤֱפΰ̣Ǥ sky welkin हˤĤơֱפΰ̣ôȤȯŸȹͤ롥3ñΰ̣Ѳ13դ˽椷Ƥ뤳Ȥ顤ߤϢưƤȹͤΤ
Ϣ skyless ޤäפȤƻˤĤưθν1848ǯȿȯۤϡ֡ġ˶ʤעޤäפȤȤsky θֱפäȤΤȡդǤϤʤͤùǤޤʤ롥츻ΤȸѤΤǤ ( see [2009-05-10-1] )

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2010-09-02 Thu

#493. It's raining cats and dogs. [idiom][corpus][etymology]

ؼѥء٤Ƭɸδɽ˴ؤͤ ( pp. 1--8 ) ɽϡֱںߤ˹ߤפ̣봷ɽǡϢۤͶᤫܤαѸ춵Ǥ⤷Фм夲롥ͭ̾ʴɽ¤ϼʱѸɽȤߤʤȤϤǤʤΤǤϤʤȤ󵯤ʤƤ롥
κ1Ĥϡ1ؤ BNC ( The British National Corpus ) Ǥ㤬鷺󤬤ʤȤ¤Ǥ롥ºݤ˸ƤߤȰʲ3㤷󤬤餺ʤ񤭸դΥ֥ѥˡ3ĤϹʸȤʸ̮ǸƤꡤȤϹͤʤ

1. It was raining cats and dogs and the teachers were running in and out helping us get our stuff in and just couldn't do enough for us.
2. What must you be careful of when it's raining cats and dogs?
3. Fig 4.5 shows the structure of the compound tree for the compounds 'rain cats and dogs', 'tennis ball' and 'tennis court'.


Collins COBUILD Resource Pack The Bank of English ˴Ť500Υѥ Wordbank ǸƤ⡤3㤷ĤʤäϤꥤꥹѸν񤭸դ

1. You mean she wasn't wearing a coat, even though it was raining cats and dogs?" said Cicero, gently puzzled.
2. It was the longest section in terms of distance, over 38 miles, and it rained cats and dogs all day long.
3. "Well if you just hold on for a wee while sir, it looks like it'll be raining cats and dogs soon and that'll put it out."


Corpus of Contemporary American English (BYU-COCA) Ǥ23㤬Ĥä٤äդǤȤƤ롥
EFL Ĵ٤ƤߤȡܤʸΤ뤳Ȥ¿ˤä spoken, informal, old-fashioned ʤ̡Υ졼٥뤬ŽƤѰ褬ꤷʤƤȡäȤϤˤ輫äƻȤˤ򤨤ʤɽȤݤޤäƤ
δɽεˤϽ⤢롥(1) ǭߤ礬Ȥ㤷߹礦Ȥ᡼졤줬㤷߱ȷӤĤ줿(2) Τӿ夬ںߤΤȤɸǭΤȤʤä⤤ƤȤ顥(3) ꥷ καταδουπεω ( catadūpeō ) "to fall with a heavy sound" ȷӤĤ줿(4) ̲äǭλѤ򤷤˾äƸ졤ο Odin ϢƤȤ顥
(1) Ρַ㤷פ˰äϡΤ褦ɽ뤳Ȥٻ뤫⤷ʤ

1. fight like cat(s) and dog(s)ˤ߹礦
2. Cats and dogs have different natures.ָǭ[]㤦.
3. They agree like cats and dogs.֡ˡ˸.


It's raining cats and dogs variation ȤƤϡΤ褦ʤΤ褦ʤΤǻͤޤǤˡ

1. It poured cats and dogs.
2. It's pelting cats and dogs.
3. rain pitchforks [buckets, chicken coops, darning needles, hammer handles,ʱástair-rods,ʱ¯trams and omnibuses] ʡإϥѸ켭ŵ٤
4. It's raining pigs and horses. ʥȥꥢˡ


OED ˤȽ1738ǯ Swift ʸϤǤ롥a1652ǯȤ It shall raine . . Dogs and Polecats. ʤϢɽ롥

ˡܲ עؼѥء١͸ˡ1998ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2021-05-14-1]

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2010-08-29 Sun

#489. ϥ󥬥꡼줫ѸؤμѸ [loan_word][etymology][icehl]

ICEHL-16 γزǥϥ󥬥꡼˹ԤäƤϥ󥬥꡼θѸΥϥ󥬥꡼ ( Hungarian, Magyar ) ϥ衼åѤˤʤ²Ǥʤ² ( Uralic ) °Ƥ֥θפ²ΤʤǤե=ɡ췲°ǡEthnologue ξˤ1000ͤüԤꡤ²ȤƤϺθǤ롥ޤ²ΤʤǺǤŤ12ʸĤäƤ롥
ΤȤʤ²ΰۤʤѸȤϸ෿Ū˱󤯡ʸŪʤĤʤ⤽ۤ¿ϤʤΤǡѸʻˡˤȷӤĤΤǤ롥θäۼƤѸΤȤʤΤǡϥ󥬥꡼ñ⤤ĤѸǤ롥OED ˤȤä30ʾϤ褦
ߤΤʤñ줬¿ϥ󥬥꡼ɽȤ goulash ֥åפΤƤ롥ޥͥѥץꥫ饦Ѥӡե塼ǡܤϥ󥬥꡼ gulyās (hūs) "herdsman's (meat)" ͳ褷Ѹˤ19νäƤε9̤롥ޥ㡼͡ Magyar; ϥ󥬥꡼μ̱²ˤӻӤҤ˽ФȤˡ塼礵ΤӤΰޤǺäޤ˵ͤƽФȤǥ塼ᤷƿ٤褦Υȥ
goulash ˤ̤äƤ paprika ϥ󥬥꡼줫ä̤Хӥ pàper ˻ؾղä pàprìka ˹Ԥ夭θϥꥷ páperi "pepper" Ǥ롥礷ϥޥȥ饷ǿ̣ʤɤǤ⿿֤ˤƤޤĤϥڥ󡤥ɡꥫʤɽ⤢ϥ󥬥꡼ǤϤʤιϥϥ󥬥꡼ξħȤʤäƤꡤϥ󥬥꡼ "rose paprika" ʼΥѥץꥫȤ롥paprika ϱѸؤϤϤ19νäƤ

Paprika Paprika in Jar

¾ˤϡϥ󥬥꡼̲ forint 󤲤Ƥϥ󥬥꡼̲ߤȤƤ1946ǯꤵ줿Τϸťꥢ fiorino ̤ꡤ1252ǯ Florence ǺǽȯԤ줿 florin ֥եߡפƱǤ롥Ųߤ˥β ( ťꥢ fiore ֲ֡ ) 뤳Ȥ餳̾Ĥ̳ˤϥ󥬥꡼Υ桼ϤޤΤ褦

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