ɸϡܥ֥Ǥ Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)Ǥⲿ٤夲Ƥޤ YouTube ְʼδѸظإͥǰäΤǡǹƤޤ83֥СȡɥRobert CawdreyˤαѱѼϤ뤤ǤϤޤǤǰ֤⤷夲ȻפޤѸ˾ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ԻԤǤ Robert Cawdrey (1537/38--1604) ˺ޤʤȤ褤ΤǤ
ABCñ줬¤٤뼭ΤκǽΥڡäǤaberration θ abbreuiat ³ˤ4첼˺Ƥ aberration Ȥ֥ե٥åȽפΥ뤵ϥڡįƤǾФäƤޤޤ͡Cawdrey ϡʸǼΰսǡñ1ʸܤ2ʸܤ3ʸܤABCˤʤäƤΤդޤ礦Ⱥǫ˲⤷Ƥˡߤޤ٤ Cawdrey Υ뤵ޤ͡
hellog heldio δϢ˥ĥäƤޤΤǡѹͥμԻ Cawdrey ȤμդˤĤƤäȳؤǤߤޤ
[ hellog ]
#603. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (1) ([2010-12-21-1])
#604. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (2) ([2010-12-22-1])
#586. ɽˤޤʡֻɤ ([2010-12-04-1])
#726. ǤȤ뤫⤷ʤŪ Cawdrey μ ([2011-04-23-1])
#609. 켭17 ([2010-12-27-1])
#4324. ǽαѱѼ Coote The English Schoole-maister? ([2021-02-27-1])
#4325. ǽαѱѼؤȤĤʤ Coote ΰյ ([2021-02-28-1])
#4326. ǽαѱѼΥ饤 Coote -- Cawdrey -- Bullokar ([2021-03-01-1])
#4327. ѼѱѼؤή ([2021-03-02-1])
#2930. ϤȰθġؿջྶ١ ([2017-05-05-1])
#3365. ϤȰθġؿջྶ (2) ([2018-07-14-1])
[ heldio ]
#337. Ѹ˾ǽαѱѼ Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall (1604)
츦塤ϤʤƤϤʤʤǤ롥ܥ֥濴ŪǤѸ˸ˤƤ⡤ƻμ̻ŪʼϤʤƤϤʤʤġȤƿͤκäΤǤ롥ԻԤθ٤ȿǤƤΤԻԸĿͤΥХ⤫äƤΤǤ롥츦Τˤϡդռ˼ʤӸμˤѤɬפΤΤ褦ʤƥեʴϰռγ֤뤳Ȥ¿㤨Сҿ OED ξǤдְ㤤ϤʤʤɤŪʿƤޤȤϤ褯롥
Ѹܤȡ㤨бѸ˾αѸ켭Ȥ 1604ǯ Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall ȡⲼäƵϼϤ1755ǯ Samuel Johnson A Dictionary of the English Language ȤǤϡԻ줿طʤۤʤи٤ۤʤΤǡƱФʤɤ٤ȤƤ⡤ˤϳΤ̻ŪѲȿǤƤǽϤΤΡ⤽ԻտޤۤʤȤθƤʤˤܤ˹礦⤷ʤColeman (99--100) ŦƤ롥
For example, the title of Cawdrey's Table Alphabetical (1604) explains that the dictionary was compiled "for the benefit and help of ladies, gentlewomen, or any other unskillful persons. Whereby they may the more easily and better understand many hard English words, which they shall hear or read in scriptures, sermons, or elsewhere, and also be made able to use the same aptly themselves" (spelling modernized). Similarly often quoted is the preface to Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language (1755):
When I took the first survey of my undertaking, I found our speech copious without order, and energetic without rules: wherever I turned my view, there was perplexity to be disentangled, and confusion to be regulated; choice was to be made out of boundless variety, without any established principle of selection. (Johnson 1755: Preface)
These quotations illustrate changing ideas about the status of English and the purpose of a dictionary. Cawdrey acknowledged that the vocabulary of English was varied and challenging, but apparently did not consider this to be a problem. His purpose was to help uneducated people struggling to understand loans from classical and modern languages: the deficit was in English speakers, not the language. Johnson, on the other hand, considered the exuberance of English to be problematic in itself, and for him the priorities were regulation and control of the language.
17 Cawdrey ϱѸüԤˤȹͤƤ18ȾФ Johnson ϱѸ줽ΤΤˤȹͤƤԻΥݥꥷߤ˰ۤʤäƤΤ̵̤ȤǤ롥
ɸˤǤ̤ŪϸΩŪʾǤϤʤײǽ⤤Τռ˼СṲ̄ơ̻ŪʸѲξڵʤȤ⡤ƻθ٤ǤȤȤʤΤ⤷ʤŪϻȤ褦Ǥ롥
Coleman, Julie. "Using Dictionaries and Thesauruses as Evidence." Chapter 7 of The Oxford Handbook of the History of English. Ed. Terttu Nevalainen and Elizabeth Closs Traugott. New York: OUP, 2012. 98--110.
529ڡˤ15:30?18:45ˡī㡼ɶˤֱѸˤȸ츻10ҳȳǰѡ֤ޤ12ΥǤ褤轪פäƤޤԼͳ¿ΤʤäƤ˴פޤĤ̤ꡤ䥳Ȥ¿ޤ
Τäμݤϰʲ̤Ǥ
15Ⱦ?16ȾΥɤϡ衼åѤǻϤޤäƤҳȳǰѤȯȤ˾طʤˡȤȤơޤήȤȤơɬĤϺƤǤκޤǤˡѸϥɤιȤ뤲ƤΤΡгŪˤС줿ƥΰҸˡޤؤȤϤޤǤѸˤǤŪΩʤƱܤ褿٤λؤ館ޤ
ιֺ¤Ѥ饤ɤ˸ޤʲ˥饤ɤγƥڡؤΥĥäƤޤ
1. Ѹˤȸ츻10ҳȳǰѡ
2. 10ҳȳǰ
3. ܼ
4. 1. ҳ
5. ϩάǯɽ
6. ҳ夬⤿餷 --- Ѹˤδ
7. 1492ǯڥαɸ
8. 2. ǰ
9. Ѥάǯɽ
10. ƥ٥륯 (1400?--68)
11. ꥢࡦ㥯ȥ (1422?--91)
12. ѤȶȤƤαѸ
13. Ѥֻɸಽؤι
14. ְѤƳֻɸಽʤؤε
15. ֻɸಽϤޤǴ˿ʹԤ
16. 3. ΰ줿Ѹɤ
17. Table Alphabeticall (1604) by Robert Cawdrey
18. ޤȤ
19. ʸ
Υ11ϡ֥ͥȽספǤ2021ǯ731ڡˤ15:30?18:45˳ͽǤѸˤȤäơƥĤĤĤȤƼΩƤȤ⤬ƤƣλǤֺ¤ξܺ٤ɤ
ϢεǡѸ˾κǽαѱѼȤμդˤĤ Dixon ˵ʤͻƤ (cf. #4324. ǽαѱѼ Coote The English Schoole-maister? ([2021-02-27-1])#4325. ǽαѱѼؤȤĤʤ Coote ΰյ ([2021-02-28-1])#4326. ǽαѱѼΥ饤 Coote -- Cawdrey -- Bullokar ([2021-03-01-1])) ѱѼϴ饤Ȥ Mulcaster -- Coote -- Cawdrey -- Bullokar Ȥɤ뤳ȤǤȼƤMulcaster ˤˤդʧɬפ롥Mulcaster Ȱʸ⡤ŪˤϢ³ΤƤ뤫
άŪ˽Ҥ٤СΤ Mulcaster bilingual ѼλǤꡤʸ monolingual ʱѱѼλǤΤǡ츫 Mulcaster ˼Ū褦˸뤫⤷ʤԤ monolingual ʱѱѼȤϾΤƤΤΡ֤ȤƤϡ켭פǤꡤФϥƥ줫μѸ줬Ū¿äȤοǤ롥Ĥޤꡤƥη֤ΤΤǤϤʤȤ⾯Ѹ첽٤Ρ֤ʤäƥƥñפФΩƤƤ櫓ǤꡤCoote -- Cawdrey -- Bullokar 饤 monolingual ϡ֤ȤƤ "1.5-lingual" ȤǤ⤤٤ΤäΤĤޤꡤMulcaster ʸαѱѼή⡤ѼηϢʤȤȤǤ롥
Dixon (42) ˽15--16Ѽηñ˼褯ΤƤΤϡ1430ǯդʬŪʼǤĤäƤ Hortus Vocabulorum Ǥ롥1500ǯ˽Ǥ졤27,000Υƥñ줬̣̤˷ǺܤƤ롥弭ˤĤƤϡ1440ǯμǤΤƤ Promptorium Parvalorum sive Clericum 1499ǯ˽Ǥ졤ʸ1528ǯޤDz뤳ȤȤʤä
16Ⱦ¸ߴѼϡThe Dictionary of Sir Thomas Elyot knight (1538) Ǥʥȥ뤬ѸǤ뤳աˡԤ Hortus Vocabulorum αƶۤȤɼƤ餺ष Ambrogio Calepino 弭١ˤƤ (Dixon 43) ȾФ1565ǯ Bishop Thomas Cooper ˤѼ Thesaurus Linguae Romanae & Britannicae ǤӤȾ1587ǯ Thomas Thomas ˤǤ줿Ѽ Dictionarium Linguae Latinae et Anglicanae ˤϰ̤åƤȤˤʤäơ Thomas Thomas ѼMulcaster Coote -- Cawdrey -- Bullokar 饤αѱѼ --- ʤѸ˾αѱѼ --- θäȤ¤ŦƤ (Dixon 48)
Ϣơ#3544. Ѹ켭ˤάǯɽ ([2019-01-09-1])#603. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (1) ([2010-12-21-1])#604. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (2) ([2010-12-22-1]) ȡ
Dixon, R. M. W. The Unmasking of English Dictionaries. Cambridge: CUP, 2018.
Ѹ˾αѱѼäơ#4324. ǽαѱѼ Coote The English Schoole-maister? ([2021-02-27-1]) ȡ#4325. ǽαѱѼؤȤĤʤ Coote ΰյ ([2021-02-28-1]) εǵƤԤεǡֱѸ켭ϴȤ Mulcaster -- Coote -- Cawdrey Υ饤ǧƤȤˤϰʤפȽҤ٤ԻΤ褦͡ʱƶطΤȤʬǤϡ֥饤פ1ĤޤʤȤɤޤ⤷ʤ
ѱѼϰ̤ Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall (1604) Ȥ뤬Dixon (47) ˤФϴְ㤤ǡEdmund Coote The English Schoole-maister (1596) ǤȤθߤȡJohn Bullokar An English Expositor (1616) 2ͤθѤȤ֤ŤCoote -- Cawdrey -- Bullokar Ȥʥ饤˸ФȤǤ롥Dixon (47) ʷǤ롥
1596. Edmund Coote [a shool-teacher]. The English Schoole-maister, teaching all his scholers, of what age soeuer, the most easie, short and perfect order of distinct reading and true writing our English tongue. Includes texts, catechism, psalms and, on pages 74--93, a vocabulary of about 1,680 items with definitions (mostly of a single word) provided for about 90 per cent of them.
1604. Robert Cawdrey [a clergyman and school-teacher]. A Table Alphabeticall, conteyning and teaching the true writing, and vnderstanding of hard vsual English wordes, borrowed from the Hebrew, Greeke, Latine, or French, etc. ... Consists just of a vocabulary of about 2,540 items, all with definitions.
1616. John Bullokar [a physician]. An English Expositor: teaching the interpretation of the hardest words used in our language. With sundry explications, descriptions, and discourses ... Consists just of a vocabulary of about 4,250 items, all with definitions.
ʳŪ˼ϿƤȤȤʬ뤬ߤαƶط⤷Dixon (47) ξΰѤ³1ˤȡCawdrey Coote θФ87%ԡƤꡤȾʬۤɤƱΤȤơBullokar ϤɤȤС٤ Cawdrey ˤ˰͵ƤȤ
κǽαѱѼԻԤФɾˤ֤äƤߤȡޤ⤷1865ǯ Henry B. Wheatley Ȥ˲ȤϡBullokar ѱѼȤƤ롥2ͤ¸ߤ˵ŤƤʤä餷ޤ1933ǯ Mitford M. Matthews "Robert Cawdrey was the first to supply his countrymen with an English dictionary." (qtd. in Dixon (47--48)) ȽҤ٤Ƥꡤ줬αѸ켭ˤʬȤƻ夲졤ߤ˻롥Τ˱Ѹ켭ˤܤΥȥϤȡThe English Dictionary from Cawdrey to Johnson (1946) The English Dictionary before Cawdrey (1985) The First English Dictionary, 1604 (2007) ʤɤܤˤĤ
Dixon, R. M. W. The Unmasking of English Dictionaries. Cambridge: CUP, 2018.
Wheatley, Henry B. "Chronological Notes on the Dictionaries of the English Language." Transactions of the Philological Society for 1865. 218--93.
Matthews, Mitford M. A Survey of English Dictionaries. London: OUP, 1933.
ε#4324. ǽαѱѼ Coote The English Schoole-maister? ([2021-02-27-1]) ˰³Ѹ켭ϴΰѤôä Edmund Coote Ȥ The English Schoole-maister (1596) θðɽɾˤĤơ
˭ (377) ϡƱȯֻζʽȤƲ̤Ūʰյɾ˰ꤺѸ켭˾βͤѶŪǧ褦ȤƤ롥
ܽǽαѸ켭ɾ Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall ľŪʱƶͿȤϡǤоɽưפ˴Ǽ褹뤳ȤǤ롥Coote ɽǤƤ졤ӸϤ٤ƤΤޤ Cawdrey μŵ˼ϿƤ롥ϼѤȲλ ('It was an era of borrowing, adapting and downright plagiarism') Ȥ뤬ѹǺǽμŵԽԤȤɤ˵ Cawdrey Coote 餦Ȥϡ褷ƾʤʤƤޤCawdrey μɽ A Table Alphabeticall ⡤Coote ΰɽ֤Ȥդ줿 'Directions for the vnskilfull' "If thou hast not been acquainted with such a table as this following, and desirest to make vse of it, thou must get the Alphabet, that is, the order of the letters as they stand,..." ˤ a table...Alphabet ˼ȤʤƤ롥A Table Alphabeticall ϡ'hard vsuall English wordes' 'plaine English wordes' Τǡ켭ŵʬȤ뤬Coote ˤϤǤ 'hard words' ('The Schoole-maister his profession'), 'hardest' Ȥ ('Directions') 롥Ѹ켭ˤεҤˤ 'From Cawdrey to Johnson' ʤϤߤ Cawdrey ιפɤΤ̤Ǥ뤬ǽαѸ켭ŵνפŵȤơܽβͤѶŪǧʤФʤʤǤ
ơּפȤΤϲʤΤ̤ñˤ٤餷ΤΤĤðɽȤκۤϲʤΤȹͤ줿
Coote, Edmund. The English Schoole-Maister. 1596.
˭ ѡEdmund Coote: The English Schoole-maister βסWilliam Bullokar: Book at large, Bref Grammar and Pamphlet for Grammar. P. Gr.: Grammatica Anglicana. Edmund Coote: The English Schoole-maisterٱѸʸݹ亮1Ʋ1971ǯ365--80.
Ѹ켭˾塤ǽαѱѼϰ̤ Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ȤƤ롥ˤĤơ#603. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (1) ([2010-12-21-1])#604. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (2) ([2010-12-22-1])#726. ǤȤ뤫⤷ʤŪ Cawdrey μ ([2011-04-23-1])#1609. Cawdrey μǡ١ ([2013-09-22-1]) ʤɤεǼ夲Ƥ
Cawdrey ̼ǻ˾αѱѼä櫓ǤϤʤ㤨СǤ1582ǯ Richard Mulcaster The First Part of the Elementarie Τʤ8000ۤɤθý "Generall Table" ǤƤꡤºݤ¿ Cawdrey μȿǤƤ (cf. #441. Richard Mulcaster ([2010-07-12-1]))
Ʊ褦ˡEdmund Coote 1596ǯ˾尴ȯֻζʽ The English Schoole-maister 3Ǥ1500ΰɽƤꡤCawdrey Ϥ餫˻ȤƤ롥Coote θðɽˤ̤ñˤ٤ΤΤǤϤ뤬פդƤꡤʬΩƤߤʤС줳˾αѱѼȤߤʤƤ褤ΤǤϤʤȻפ롥ºݡDixon (ix) ϡΤ褦ˤȤ館Ƥ褦
The first monolingual English dictionaries --- commencing in 1596 --- dealt just with 'hard words' (those of foreign origin) and explained them in terms of Germanic forms. The second such dictionary, by Robert Cawdrey in 1604, included:
lassitude, wearines
˭ (375) Edmund Coote: The English Schoole-maister βפˤơȤᤤȤҤ٤Ƥ롥
Ǥֻˡ輨뤳ȤŪȤ줿ΤФʸ˱Ѹˤ֤ Coote θɽϡѸ켭ŵοȤ٤ΤǤꡤƱ 'Schoole-maister' Ǥä Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall, conteyning and teaching the true vvriting, and vnderstanding of hard vsuall English wordes, borrowed from the Hebrew, Greeke, Latine, or French. Etc. (1604) 礭ʱƶڤܤȤˤʤ롥
äƺǽαѸ켭Ȥ뤫ϡּפǤꡤǤƧ߹ޤʤѸ켭ϴȤ Mulcaster -- Coote -- Cawdrey Υ饤ǧƤȤˤϰʤ
Dixon, R. M. W. The Unmasking of English Dictionaries. Cambridge: CUP, 2018.
Coote, Edmund. The English Schoole-Maister. 1596.
˭ ѡEdmund Coote: The English Schoole-maister βסWilliam Bullokar: Book at large, Bref Grammar and Pamphlet for Grammar. P. Gr.: Grammatica Anglicana. Edmund Coote: The English Schoole-maisterٱѸʸݹ亮1Ʋ1971ǯ365--80.
ε ([2020-06-24-1], [2020-06-25-1]) ǡűѸˤ DOE ȤѸˤ MED Ȥ·äƤ뤳Ȥߤʽ˶ѸμϤʤΤ
Ѹ켭ϸŤ˾ޤƤȤƤϤʤShakespeare μ The King James Bible ΥϤ뤬Ʊ¸ߤƤʤΤǤ롥
Τ褦ʼȤʤ褦ʥǡ١¸ߤ롥ɸ LEME (= Lexicons of Early Modern English) Ǥ롥ϽѸʸڤԻѤ˼ꥹȤȤ⡤줿1400ۤɤμýΤޤޥǡ١ΤǤ롥Ѹθäб6ĶùܤȤԤ Early Modern English Dictionaries Database (EMEDD) ȯŸƤץȤǡ褽1480--1755ǯδ֤˽줿ΰܤܤƤȤΰˤȡּפȤ "monolingual, bilingual, and polyglot dictionaries, lexical encyclopedias, hard-word glossaries, spelling lists, and lexically-valuable treatises" ȤΤȤǤ롥Υǡ١Τʣ缭ȤߤʤȤϤǤ뤬ͤμԻѤäθҤȤ̣ǤΡּפǤϤʤޤƱο͡θ촶줿ʤ̣ǿ˼ŪʡˡּפȤȤˤʤ
伫Ȥ LEME ޤäȤʤƤʤ͡ʸǽʤ褦ǡ٤äٶȻפäƤ롥ԻϤ֤ʤȤռŪʸäѤȤƤȤǡǤϤʤ̤ΥѥˤߤäѤӤƤߤȤ⤷⤷ʤ㤨СѸħŪʸ츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling) λѤĴȤ˼ֻ LEME ǡֻ̤ EEBO corpus ʤɤĴ٤ӤƤߤȤ椬ͤ롥
Ѹμϡ켫ΤѸ˾1ĤθơޤȤʤꤦο롥ܥ֥Ǥ⡤ʲϤȤ¿εǼ夲ƤǿƤ⡤褽 LEME ˴ޤޤƤ褦
#603. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (1) ([2010-12-21-1])
#604. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (2) ([2010-12-22-1])
#1609. Cawdrey μǡ١ ([2013-09-22-1])
#609. 켭17 ([2010-12-27-1])
#610. æ켭18 ([2010-12-28-1])
#1995. Mulcaster θåꥹ "generall table" ˤ츻Ūֻ ([2014-10-13-1])
#3224. Thomas Harman, A Caveat or Warening for Common Cursetors (1567) ([2018-02-23-1])
#3544. Ѹ켭ˤάǯɽ ([2019-01-09-1])
Dixon (242--44) ꡤѸ˴ؤ뼭ˤάǯɽǤ롥ޤǼפʼ (dictionary) Ѹ콸 (glossary) ˹ʤäƤΤաȤ櫓18ʹߤˤϡǵƤʤ¿μǤ줿Ȥαդ줿줾Υȥä˵ܤΤʤñ켭ؤƤꡤǯϽǤǯɽ魯
| c725 | Corpus Glossary. Latin to Latin, Old English, and Old French. |
| c1000 | Aelfric's glossary. Latin to Old English. |
| 1499 | Anonymous. Promptorium Parvalorum [ms version in 1430]. English to Latin. |
| 1500 | Anonymous. Hortus Vocabularum [ms version in 1440]. Latin to English. |
| 1535 | Ambrogio Calepino. Dictionarium Latinae Linguae. Monolingual Latin. |
| 1538 | Thomas Elyot. Dictionary. Latin to English. |
| 1552 | Richard Huloet. Abecedarium Anglo-Latinum. English to Latin. |
| 1565 | Thomas Cooper. Thesaurus Linguae Romanae & Britannicae. Latin to English. |
| 1573 | John Baret. An Alvearie or Triple Dictionarie. English, Latin, and French. |
| 1582 | Richard Mulcaster. Elementarie. [List of English words with no definitions.] |
| 1587 | Thomas Thomas. Dictionarium. Latin to English. |
| 1596 | Edmund Coote. The English Schoole-maister. |
| 1604 | Robert Cawdrey. A Table Alphabeticall. |
| 1613 | Academia della Crusca. Vocabulario. Monolingual Italian. |
| 1616 | John Bullokar. An English Expositor. |
| 1623 | Henry Cockeram. The English Dictionarie. |
| 1656 | Thomas Blount. Glossographia. |
| 1658 | Edward Phillips. The New World of English Words. |
| 1676 | Elisha Coles. An English Dictionary. |
| 1694 | Académie française. Dictionnaire. Monolingual French. |
| 1702 | John Kersey. A New English Dictionary. |
| 1721 | Nathan Bailey. A Universal Etymological English Dictionary. |
| 1730 | Nathan Bailey. Dictionarium Britannicum. |
| 1749 | Benjamin Martin. Lingua Britannica Reformata. |
| 1753 | John Wesley. The Complete English Dictionary. |
| 1755 | Samuel Johnson. Dictionary. |
| 1765 | John Baskerville. A Vocabulary, or Pocket Dictionary. |
| 1773 | William Kenrick. A New Dictionary of English. |
| 1775 | John Ash. The New and Complete Dictionary. |
| 1798 | Samuel Johnson, Junr. A School Dictionary. |
| 1828 | Noah Webster. American Dictionary. |
| 1830 | Joseph Emerson Worcester. Comprehensive Dictionary. |
| 1835--7 | Charles Richardson. A New Dictionary of the English Language. |
| 1847--50 | John Ogilvie. The Imperial Dictionary. |
| 1872 | Chambers's English Dictionary. Robert Chambers and William Chambers. |
| 1888--1928 | Oxford English Dictionary. James A. H. Murray et al. |
| 1889--91 | The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia. William Dwight Whitney. |
| 1893--5 | A Standard Dictionary. Isaac K. Funk. [Later known as Funk and Wagnalls.] |
| 1898 | Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. [No editor stated.] |
| 1898 | Austral English. Edward E. Morris. |
| 1909 | Webster's New International Dictionary. William Torey Harris and F. Sturgis Allen. |
| 1911 | The Concise Oxford English Dictionary of Current English. H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler. |
| 1927 | The New Century Dictionary. H. G. Emery and K. G. Brewster. |
| 1933 | The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. C. T. Onions. |
| 1935 | The New Method English Dictionary. Michael West and James Endicott. |
| 1938--44 | A Dictionary of American English. William A. Craigie and James R. Hulbert. |
| 1947 | The American College Dictionary. Clarence Barnhart. |
| 1948 | The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. As. S. Hornby. |
| 1951 | A Dictionary of Americanisms. Mitford M. Mathews. |
| 1965 | The Penguin English Dictionary. George N. Garmonsway. |
| 1966 | The Random House Dictionary Unabridged. Jess Stein. |
| 1969 | The American Heritage Dictionary. Anne H. Soukhanov. |
| 1971 | Encyclopedic World Dictionary. Patrick Hanks. |
| 1978 | Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Paul Proctor. |
| 1979 | Collins English Dictionary. Patrick Hanks. |
| 1981 | The Macquarie Dictionary. Arthur Delbridge |
| 1987 | COBUILD English Dictionary. John Sinclair. |
| 1988 | The Australian National Dictionary. W. S. Ramson. |
| 1995 | The Oxford English Reference Dictionary. Judy Pearsall and Bill Trumble. |
| 1999 | The Australian Oxford Dictionary. Bruce Moore. |
frequent ˤʡӤӤΡˤϡʸ̤ˤѤѸθȯΤϰճȿ϶äƤ1596ǯΤȤΤäθϡƥư frequentāre ʵͤˤƻ frequēns ʺ߹äˤե fréquent Фơ15ȾФ˱ѸäƤθϡեä֤Ӥ˭٤ʡפǤꡤֺ߹ä¿ͿΡפθǤ19ޤǻȤ줿ֺ߹ä¿ͿΡפȤƤϡDiscourse concerninge the Spanish Fleet Invadinge Englande (1590) 18ˤơ"There was generally made throughout the whole realm a most frequent assembly of all sorts of people." ȸ롥
θ塤frequent ϡ֤դ줿פۤɤŪʴްդȯãShakespeare ǤϤ "addicted" ־ャŪÿŮƤ ۤɤθǻȤƤ롥The Winter's Tale (1611) Ȥơ"I have missingly noted he is of late much retired from court, and is less frequent to his princely exercises than formerly he hath appeared".
ˤθ塤ŪʴްդΩѤ־ャŪʡסˤʡפθȯãϾҤΤ褦16Ǥ롥1604ǯ Ѹ˾αѸ켭 A Table Alphabeticall Ǥ "often, done many times: ordinarie, much haunted, or goe too" ȤꡤǤ˿夷Ƥ褦Ǥ롥
1755ǯ Johnson μǤ⡤ʲΤ褦ˡֺ߹ä¿ͿΡפȤŤޤϿƤʤȤϤäƤ⡤ȤƵƤ frequent and full 17 Milton ΤΤǤϤäˡ
1. Often done; often seen; often occurring.
2. Used often to practise any thing.
3. Full of concourse
ñˤ⡤̣ѲˤǤΤǤ롥"Chaque mot a son histoire." (= "Every word has its own history.")
[2017-05-05-1]εǡܸ˾ǽΥϽ켭ؿջྶ٤夲Ƥ˿褦 (209--10) ܸˡ٤ΤʤǡμˤĤƼΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥
ؿջྶ١ʵˤϺǽι켭ȤΤǡͻ?Ȭǯδ֤äΩޤหФ첻β̾ǥϽ˻ͼʬˤ줾ŷݡϵʪưʪѡΡͻʪ̡ѡҡᡦ̾ʬΤǤ롥ɤߤ˽äƴɽ뤿ʤɡŪʼʸݤѤŪԻ줿Τȹͤ롥ɴʸहΤ¿ǡŪѤ̸줬ƤǤ켭ˤդ路κۤʤƤ롥
̣Τϡʤ12ȾФȤߥǡؿջྶ٤˽ФΤȤ䤤ˤĤơ (210--11) ϼΤ褦Ƥ롥
ˤʤäơΤ褦ʹ켭и礭װˡȤƤΡ֤ϲΡפȾˤΩڤƤȤ롥֤ϲΡפϲ̾ʣ夷ΤǤ뤫顤β̾ˤäƸʬह뤳ȤǽȤʤ롥äơ֤ϲΡפμҲŪˤäơ褦䤯δǸֲ켭פΩ郎äΤǤ롥
βˤʬϸ첻ΤߤǡʹߤˤϺѤʤäषΰյʬʤȤиܾ̾١ˤʻѤ뤳ȤǡθޤȤƤ롥Τˡ˴кΤ褦˰䤹ȴ뤫⤷ʤɽŵȤƤλˡͤȡƱ褦ʰ̣ĸ줬ޤȤޤäƼƤǤ⤢롥ƬβȰյʬȤϡ夫ήǡŪȤƺѤ줿ΤǤꡤ椨˶Ρѽפ˻ޤǹ켭μή
Τˡ֤ϲΡפΩΩƤʤСϽμȤȯۤʤ櫓顤ΥߥȰ̴طˤǼ
DZѸˤ˻פڤȡӤǤƤ⤷ḽͤˤȤäƥϽˤˤ襢ե٥åȽˤ衤ȯۤϼȯۤνиϡŪˤϰƳΤǤ롥ѸǤ⡤ե٥åȽȤűѸΤƤΤΡ줬ܳŪŬѤ줿Τ15ˤʤäƤΤȤǤcf. #1451. Ѹ˾Υȴե٥åȼ ([2013-04-17-1])ˡƱͤˡե٥åȽ˴ŤǽαѸ켭줿Τ⡤1604ǯȰƳ٤cf. #603. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (1) ([2010-12-21-1])ˡ⡤ɼԤˤȤäƤޤե٥åȽϼǤϤʤä뤷ˤϸ̩˥ե٥åȽ礬줿ΤϸƬʸΤߤǤꡤ2ʸܰʹߤǤɬƤʤäȤؿջྶ٤ˤ褯⤢äʡ#604. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (2) ([2010-12-22-1]) (6) ȡˡޤA Table Alphabeticall ؿջྶ٤פϿƤμäǶ̤Ƥ롥⤢̣ǡָŪ̱Ū켭פäΤǤ롥
ʤߤˡϽǤϤʤι켭1484ǯΡزο١ȼˤǤꡤؿջྶ٤3ʾ٤Ƥ롥϶Ǥ·١١ëˤѤ줿ŪˤʤΤʸɧΡظ (1889--91ǯ˰ʹߤΤȤǤ롥
顡ܸˡ١˼Ҥӡ2017ǯ
920դǡѸϢָܴѸѸˤλͤ9ε֤ʤ try tried Ȥʤꡤdie dying ȤʤΤޤ
ܥ֥ǤֻʤȯЪΥˤ͡˼ꤢƤޤɸεǤĤġʤ <y> ˤȤǤ⤤٤ΤˤʤޤĤȤ¿<y> άˤȤ٤ΤˤȤɤޤäƤޤȤ櫓ƻˤ <i> Ȥζ¸ʪ줬ɤߤɤǤȤȤϡʬŪ <i> άˤȤʤäƤȤȤǤɸѤʵäĤġѸֻˤΤʤ뿼ߤؤͶޤ
ʸ3 "minim avoidance" ȸƤФѸðֻۤҲ𤷤ƤޤϱѸֻ˹ϤʱƶڤܤƤꡤܥ֥ǤʲεǿƤޤϢܵɤǤʲΤ줾ܤ̤ȡ餯ạ̈⤿뤳ȤȻפޤ
#91. ʤ;ñ̾ I ʸǽ ([2009-07-27-1])
#870. diacritical mark ([2011-09-14-1])
#223. woman ȯֻ ([2009-12-06-1])
#1094. <o> ֻ /u/ 첻ɽ魯 ([2012-04-25-1])
#2227. ʤ <u> ǽñ줬ʤΤ ([2015-06-02-1])
#2740. word ΤɤäѲ ([2016-10-27-1])
#2450. Ѹˤ <u> <o> ˤѡ ([2016-01-11-1])
#3037. <ee>, <oo> ϤΤ <aa>, <ii>, <uu> ϤʤΤϤʤ ([2017-08-20-1])
4Ǥϡ㡼ɡޥ륫ֻƤȥСȡɥαѱѼ˿ޤ1600ǯ˳2ͤζԤˤĤƤϡ#441. Richard Mulcaster ([2010-07-12-1]) ȡ#603. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (1) ([2010-12-21-1]) Ϥᡤmulcaster cawdrey γƵ⤴Ȥ
Ǹˡ5ǡ3ʸ§˿ޤ˴ؤƤϡ#2235. 3ʸ§ ([2015-06-10-1])#2437. 3ʸ§˶ꥹѸ <axe> ([2015-12-29-1]) εɤळȤˤޤȻפޤ
ε#1994. John Hart ˤ츻ŪֻؤȽ ([2014-10-12-1]) #1939. 16ˡᤰ ([2014-08-18-1])#1940. 16ֻԤη ([2014-08-19-1])#1943. Holofernes --- 츻Ūֻ黿ԡ ([2014-08-22-1]) Richard Mulcaster ̾#441. Richard Mulcaster ([2010-07-12-1]) ۤ mulcaster γƵǤˤƤνѸνʪϡԻˤδ⡤ɮͤ롥
Ѹ˾ǽαѱѼϡ#603. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (1) ([2010-12-21-1])#604. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (2) ([2010-12-22-1])#726. ǤȤ뤫⤷ʤŪ Cawdrey μ ([2011-04-23-1])#1609. Cawdrey μǡ١ ([2013-09-22-1]) Ǽ夲褦ˡRobert Cawdrey (1537/38--1604) A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ȸƤ롥ä Mulcaster The First Part of the Elementarie (1582) ˤ8000θåꥹ "generall table" ǤƤȤõƤɬפ롥Mulcaster ϡŪʸϤѸ켭ԻɬʤлȤƤȤƤ "generall table" ˽ФCawdrey Mulcaster ˻ɷΤȻפ졤¿θäμ˺ϿƤ롥Mulcaster αѱѼνǤ᤹ڼ¤ʻפϡΰ˼Ƥ롥
It were a thing verie praiseworthie in my opinion, and no lesse profitable then praise worthie, if som one well learned and as laborious a man, wold gather all the words which we vse in our English tung, whether naturall or incorporate, out of all professions, as well learned as not, into one dictionarie, and besides the right writing, which is incident to the Alphabete, wold open vnto vs therein, both their naturall force, and their proper vse . . . .
ΰѤκǸˤ褦ˡԻ˾פʤ "generall table" ϡåꥹȤǤʾˡֻλȤʤ뤳ȤܻؤƤֻץ֡Τʤˤä Mulcaster βɤɽƤɤʤ final e ΤĤε§Ƥꡤθ̤ŪñֻˤäƼȤΤǤ롥
For the words, which concern the substance thereof: I haue gathered togither so manie of them both enfranchised and naturall, as maie easilie direct our generall writing, either bycause theie be the verie most of those words which we commonlie vse, or bycause all other, whether not here expressed or not yet inuented, will conform themselues, to the presidencie of these.
#1387. 츻ŪֻκѤ17 ([2013-02-12-1]) ǡMulcaster <doubt> Τ褦ʸ츻ŪֻˤŪäȽҤ٤ "generall table" ȤƳǧƤߤ褦EEBO (Early English Books Online) Υǥ The first part of the elementarie ˤꡤĤŵŪʸ츻Ūֻɽ魯ȤȤauance., auantage., auentur., autentik., autor., autoritie., colerak., delite, det, dout, imprenable, indite, perfit, receit, rime, soueranitie, verdit, vitail ʤ¿θˤơ;ʬʡʸƤʤΤ Mulcaster ϸ츻ŪֻƤʤ褦˸롥¾θȤȡ;ʬʡʸƤ aduise., language, psalm, realm, salmon, saluation, scholer, school, soldyer, throne ʤɤǧ롥
ˤäưۤʤȤΤϤ̣ɤ Mulcaster 餷Ȥ⤤뤬Mulcaster ΰȤ⡤γƸֻ٤˰¸Ǥǽ롥ĤޤꡤǤ˸츻Ūֻ夷ƤФ줬ΤޤѤȤʤäȤȤ⤷ʤޤ夷ƤʤкѤʤäȤȤ⤷ʤMulcaster Τɾ뤿ˤϡƸˤ츻Ūֻλ䡤γȻλĴɬפ
"generall table" Υץ British Library Mulcaster's Elementarie ǤΤǡȡ *
Ѹ˾αѱѼ Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ˤĤơcawdrey γƵˤƤ饤ȤˡùܵҤǽȤ뤿ˡʰץǡ١館ȾмưǥƥȤäƤΤʤΤǺ˥顼뤫⤷ʤȤꤢȤ褦ˤ
ǡ١Ƥ֥饦ǥƥȷˤƱϡɤʤ뤤ϥƥȥե뤽ΤΤˡ
# ǡ١Τɽ
select * from cawdrey
# Ͽ˥ˤäƥ
select INITIAL, count(*) from cawdrey group by INITIAL
# Ͽʸˤäƥ
select LENGTH, count(*) from cawdrey group by LENGTH
# Ͽ츻ˤäƥ
select LANGUAGE, count(*) from cawdrey group by LANGUAGE
# 츻ȸĹδط
select LANGUAGE, avg(LENGTH) from cawdrey group by LANGUAGE
# Ͽˤäƥ
select DEF_WC, count(*) from cawdrey group by DEF_WC
# 츻δط
select LANGUAGE, avg(DEF_WC) from cawdrey group by LANGUAGE
# "(k)" (kind of) ޤ
select LEMMA, DEFINITION from cawdrey where DEFINITION like '%(k)%'
# " or " ޤ
select LEMMA, DEFINITION from cawdrey where DEFINITION like '% or %'
# " and " ޤ
select LEMMA, DEFINITION from cawdrey where DEFINITION like '% and %'
# ɤʶǽäƤ뤫
select substr(DEFINITION, -1, 1), count(*) from cawdrey group by substr(DEFINITION, -1, 1)
ݡ롦Х ס رѸθá١ҡʸ˥ӡ1976ǯ
[2010-02-18-1]εְѤƳϱѸɸಽʤݤפǵΰüCaxton 1475ǯ˱Ѹˤ⤿餷ǰΥƥΥϡɬ⤹ˤϱѸֻθ경ˤĤʤʤäषǽˤϡѤ줿ֻ¿ѤˤäƳȻȤ¦̤ʤǤϤʤäѸֻΤ褽ɸಽ17ȾФΤȤȤƤ뤬ʤۤɤĹ֡Caxton 150ǯʾǯפΤ
ĤˤϡѤϳΤʸ˾γ̿äμʸִ줿櫓ǤϤʤäȤȤ롥Ѹμʸֻ¿ȤƤꡤޤʸΰ֤ŤѲȤƤ⡤16ʹߤ³Ƥꡤʸʻ¸ƤȤƨƤϤʤʤ
The two processes of production [prints and manuscripts] were in fact to co-exist for some centuries. Manuscript circulation became more generally confined to certain categories of text, and to particular milieux, while printing established itself as the swiftest and most economically viable method of disseminating texts in large numbers: school books, law books, books associated with the processes of sixteenth-century religious reform, for example. (Boffey 114--15)
ޤƳǤѤ̤ȯãλˤϡü· (justification) ãΤˡǤȤƤĴȤˡǤϤʤΤʤʸξάɲäȤޤޤˡʤƤthe that ѤȤƤ ye yt ϸ鷺⤬ʤǡ[2009-05-11-2]εֱѹΥѥ֤ ye äƤ椷פȡˡonly ѤȤƤο̼ߤ onely, onlie, onlye, onelie, onelye, onelich, onelych, oneliche, onelyche, ondeliche, ondelyche ϡؤγȤη³Ǥ (Potter 40) 16ϡRichard Mulcaster (1530?--1611) Τ褦ֻԤФΤ ([2010-07-12-1]εRichard MulcasterפȡˡμºŪʱƶϺǾ¤ˤȤɤޤäƤ
17뺢顤ܤ˸ѤäƤ롥ֻɸಽ褤ܳʲΤǤ롥ޤˤеϤƤȤȤطʤˤ϶ŪɸಽοϤѤƤ1ܤϡCawdrey μ (1604) ڤ˱Ѹ켭³ȽǤ줿ȤǤ[2010-12-21-1], [2010-12-27-1]εϤȤ cawdrey γƵȡˡ2ܤˡThe King James Bible (1611) ʤɼԤΤڤȤ⡤ֻθ경ˤä礭3ܤˡ17ȾФ (the Civil War) 礭ͿƤ롥ˤѥեåȤ줿Ϥޤ˻֤ɤƤˡü·ŪǤäȤƤ⡤ʣȤ֤ȤʤäΤǤ (Potter 40)
ơλפ18ˤϡֻͣ졤Johnson μ (1755) äƱѸֻθ경Ȥ˾Ĥ˲̤줿Τä
Boffey, Julia. "From Manuscript to Modern Text." A Companion to Medieval English Literature and Culture: c.1350--c.1500. Ed. Peter Brown. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2007. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. 107--22.
Potter, Simon. Changing English. London: Deutsch, 1969.
Ѹ˾ǽαѱѼȸ Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ˤĤƤϡ[2010-12-21-1], [2010-12-22-1]εϤᡤcawdrey γƵǼ夲Ƥ
[2010-12-27-1]εdz⤷褦17켭äȤ Cawdrey Ρפȡθ³¾μԻԤΡפȤۤʤ롥Ԥɽ Bullokar, Cockeram, Blount, Phillips μϡNoyes (600) ˤ "storehouses of difficult and elegant words exclusively" ֻϰѼԡˤäǡCawdrey Ϥޤ "hard vsuall English wordes" 뤤 "plaine English words" A Table Alphabeticall νǥȥڡꡥֻϰѼԡˤǺܤΤǤ롥ϤʸǤϤʤޤʤܤˤϿѼԤμռƤΤǤ롥ϡCawdrey ʤԤǤ©Ҥ Thomas ˤعĹǤ궵ԤǤäȤ̵ǤϤʤζ鳦ΥɥDZѸ켭Իɬʤ Richard Mulcaster ([2010-07-12-1]) ϡThe First Part of the Elementarie (1582) 8000ۤɤñꥹ "Generall Table" Ǥ¿ Cawdrey μˤȿǤƤ롥ŪԻŪȤΤǤäȤʬ
ºݤ A Table Alphabeticall įƤߤȡΥ饤ȡˡΤޤξѸؽԤθóؽΩñꥹȤȤʤäƤ롥δФǤȡѸ1?1٤θäֻϤޤˤɸಽƤʤƳȸѸؽԤˤȤʶŪƤˤʤäƤ롥
ޤ[2010-12-22-1] (4) Ǽ褦ˡ츻ˤϴȤˡCawdrey ϸ츻ʤȤäƤѸεҤˤʤˤܤƤ롥οʴϡCawdrey 礤˻ͤˤ Coote ǤƤ³ Bullokar Cockeram Ǥ̵뤵ƤƳ줿Τ Blount Glossographia (1656) Ǥ (Noyes 602) ˤ⡤Cawdrey ζŪɼ롥Noyes Cawdrey ɾѤ褦
It was unfortunate for the development of the English dictionary that succeeding lexicographers scorned the practical schoolmasters' tradition and focussed on the more eccentric and less permanent elements in the language. This attitude was, in fact, responsible for sidetracking the English dictionary for a century. (604)
Noyes, Gertrude E. "The First English Dictionary, Cawdrey's Table Alphabeticall." Modern Language Notes 58 (1943): 600--05.
1Ѹ켭Ȥʤä Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ˤĤơ[2010-11-24-1], [2010-12-04-1], [2010-12-21-1], [2010-12-22-1]γƵˤѸ켭ˤˤ17ϤεǰŪ켭äƱ桤Ʊͤ켭³ȽǤ줿17Ϥޤ켭ȤäƤ褤
A Table Alphabeticall ϤӤӲ줿John Bullokar An English Expositor: Teaching the Interpretation of the hardest words used in our language (1616) Ǥȡο͵ˤäԤϱƤʤäExpositor Ϥ¿θФϿƤФǤʤ"sundry olde words now growne out of use, and divers termes of art, proper to the learned" ޤǤ3ǤŤͤ塤1663ǯǤƿ̾ܤ졤ʹ1731ǯޤǺǤ³Ȥ͵ä
Cawdrey Bullokar μ˱ƶĤġΥ饤ХȤƽи⤦1Ĥ켭 Henry Cockeram The English Dictionarie (1623) Ǥ롥ϳͳؽ "Strangers of any Nation" оݤ˿ƤǡԤμȤϰۤʤ롥1670ǯޤDz³졤͵ؤä
Thomas Blount Glossographia (1656) ˽Ф츻ػˤάҤ[2010-12-16-1]εǤ줿Blount ϥƥѸΥƥǤθʤ "historical observations" εҤܳŪʴؿƤμԻԤäޤαѸ켭ǽפȤʤֽŵפϤΤ Blount Ǥ롥
ˡEdward Phillips The New World of English Words (1658) 蘆졤θФ11,000˵ڤ1696ǯ5ǤǤϡ17,000ˤդ줢äƤ롥Elisha Coles An English Dictionary (1676) ǤϡŸChaucer Gower Ѥʤɡˤޤ25,000Ͽ
Τ褦ˡ171Ѹ켭ϼϿ¤Ƥä§Ȥ ( everyday vocabulary ) ϼϿ줺ޤ켭ȤȤȴФƤʤäߤǤϼΤ褦˻פޤνиˤϡ18ԤʤФʤʤäΤǤ롥
ʾ塤17Ѹ켭άˤҤäƤ Jackson (pp. 33--36) ͤˤ
Jackson, Howard. Lexicography: An Introduction. London and New York: Routledge, 2002.
ε[2010-12-21-1]˰³Robert Cawdrey (1537/38--1604) A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ꡥλ˾ΰ̸ѱѼˤϡαѸ䤽줬ҲΤʤ֤Ƥ͡ʾҤޤޤƤ롥A Table Alphabeticall ˤޤĤ륨ȥȥȤǤ⤤٤¿ʲ˵
(1) [2010-12-04-1]εǰѤ褦ˡȥڡˤϡμ̱̽ΤפѸDz⤹뤳ȤݤȤƤ뤳ȤƤ롥β³1⡤ܼνǰտޤõǽפʤΤǡǤѤ褦
Whereby they may the more easilie and better vnderstand many hard English wordes, which they shall heare or read in Scriptures, Sermons, or elswhere, and also be made able to vse the same aptly themselues.
ǤϡCawdrey ԻԤǤ¼ԤǤäȡǤ Puritan ȤƶɤܤĤƺȽˤʤäƤȤطƤ롥ʤɤˤޤޤˤưİˤ褯뤫忴Ƥⶵ Cawdrey ΰָ̤롥ºݤˡطѸ¿ФȤƺѤƤ ( Simpson 15 )
(2) Siemens ʬˤȡʸΤˡФʻ줴Ȥ˰ι¤ǧ롥ϼˤǤפʻǤ롥Siemens ʸ Siemens: Lexicographical Method in Cawdrey DZǽ
(3) ǻȤƤֻˤϴˤ䤫ɸಽ뤬 ( see [2010-12-04-1] ) ˡ ( punctuation ) ˤϤ줬ʤ㤨СΤ˥ԥꥪɤξ⤢Сߥξ⤢ꡤʤ¿ ( Simpson 22 )
(4) 츻ϼ塥ƱμǤ츻Ʊ褦ϼǤꡤλȤƤ̵ʤФ̵ǤХƥѸǤ뤳ȤȤ졤ե䥮ꥷξˤϾά椬դ롥Τ褦¦줬Τߤǡʾθ츻ͿƤʤ
(5) Cawdrey ȡynckhorne termes ʸ "To the Reader" ǹ⤷Ƥֻžԡˡ
SVch as by their place and calling, (but especially Preachers) as haue occasion to speak publiquely before the ignorant people, are to bee admonished, that they neuer affect any strange ynckhorne termes, but labour to speake so as is commonly receiued, and so as the most ignorant may well vnderstand them: . . . .
(6) ʤ鸫Фϥե٥åȽ¤Ǥ뤬äȤɼԤˤȤäƤϤϼΤȤǤϤʤä褦ȤΤϡCawdrey Ͻʸ "To the Reader" ǼΰλؼΤ褦ˤƤ뤫Ǥ롥
If thou be desirous (general Reader) rightly and readily to vnderstand, and to profit by this Table, and such like, then thou must learne the Alphabet, to wit, the order of the Letters as they stand, perfecty without booke, and where euery Letter standeth: as (b) neere the beginning, (n) about the middest, and (t) toward the end. Nowe if the word, which thou art desirous to finde, begin with (a) then looke in the beginning of this Table, but if with (v) looke towards the end. Againe, if thy word beginne with (ca) looke in the beginning of the letter (c) but if with (cu) then looke toward the end of that letter. And so of all the rest. &c.
(7) ǤǤ2543줬Ф˺Ѥ줿³1609, 1613, 1617ǯǤǤϤ줾3009, 3086, 3264ؤ䤵줿2ǰʹߤ Cawdrey ȤؤäפʤȤ顤ľ˴ʤäΤǤϤʤȿ¬ƤˡJohn Bullokar An English Expositor: Teaching the Interpretation of the hardest words used in our language (1616) ƤϡA Table Alphabeticall ο͵ϰ쵤˿ꤨ褦Ǥ ( Simpson 29 )
(8) Ǥ˴ŤHTML줿Żǡܼβ⡤ʸ A Table Alphabeticall of Hard Usual English Words (R. Cawdrey, 1604) ǽǤ롥
Simpson, John. The First English Dictionary, 1604: Robert Cawdrey's A Table Alphabeticall. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2007.
Bately, Janet. "Cawdrey, Robert (b. 1537/8?, d. in or after 1604)." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Online ed. Ed. Lawrence Goldman. Oxford: OUP. Accessed on 19 Dec. 2010.
[2010-11-24-1], [2010-12-04-1]εǡRobert Cawdrey (1537/38--1604) A Table Alphabeticall (1604) Ѹ˾塤ѱѼ1Ǥ뤳ȤҲ𤷤Simpson (18) ˤС"As far as is known, it [A Table Alphabeticall] is the first dictionary published in book form addressed to the general reader which defines 'usual' English words in English." ȤȤǤ롥ϡSimpson ΤΰѤȤơA Table Alphabeticall ǽαѱѼǤȤȤϲ̣ΤͤƤߤ
ޤ1ˡñФȤ monolingual ǤȤ ( "English words in English" ) פǤ롥ͤƤߤФʬ뤳ȤѼʩѼ˱Ѽʤɤ2켭 ( bilingual dictionary ) νǤΤۤ1켭 ( monolingual dictionary ) νǤᤤŪϡ̤ΤγñΤμñ뤳ȤǤ뤫ȤȤΩɤκۤʤƤʤȤ⡤ñꥹȤηܤϿʤɤˤĤƤΤ碌ȡǤ2켭ȤΤϽǤƤѱѼ Cawdrey ΤΤäΤǤ롥A Table Alphabeticall bilingual dictionary monolingual dictionary ŪʼǤäȤϳΤǤ롥ȤΤϡޤޤƤ븫ФϤ٤ƥƥ濴ȤѸǤꡤ狼䤹ñȤΤμΰտޤäǤ롥ʤߤˡΦ¾θǤϤǤƱ1켭ϤĤǤƤꡤޤǡֱѱѡפȤƺǽΤΤǤäȤŦƤ
2ˡ"'usual' English words" ꤢɼؤȤ "the general reader" ꤷ(1) 1켭ȤƤϺǽΤΤǤäҤ٤켭ǤԤ1켭¸ߤԤȸǤꡤ罰1켭¸ߤʤä16νޤǤ inkhorn terms ( see inkhorn_term ) ޤ̤줬ѤƤȤˤꡤ̸⤹뼭μפƤΥߥǽǤ줿Τ A Table Alphabeticall äΤǤ롥
2顤Cawdrey ˤȤäԤ뤪ܤϤĤ¸ߤƤȤʬ롥㤨С[2010-07-12-1]εǿ줿 Edmund Coote νǤ The English schoole-maister: teaching all his scholers, the order of distinct reading, and true writing our English tongue (1596) 䡤Thomas Thomas Dictionarium Linguae Latinae et Anglicanae (1587) ϡФ˴ؤˤ˻Ȥ줿פʤפˤ Cawdrey ϸФ17--18%ξԤ˵äƤ롨 see Siemens: Lexicographical Method in Cawdrey. ˡƤߤȡA Table Alphabeticall Cawdrey δʥꥸʥȤϤʤΤ⤷ʤ˾ΡֺǽΡפȤƤϡĬή˾ꡤ͡ĤǡΤȤƻĤͿιʤΤ⼭νǤϡCawdrey Rutland ʸߤ Leicestershire ΰˤ¼ԤȤơ͡ˤ狼䤹ⶵɬפƤȤȤ̵طǤϤʤήȿλ֤Ȥ߹äȤˡŪ˸줿ΤǤ롥
Simpson, John. The First English Dictionary, 1604: Robert Cawdrey's A Table Alphabeticall. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2007.
Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall (1604) ڤ˱Ѹ켭³ȸϤ17Ƭ顤OED ǤϤ19Ⱦ˻ޤǤˡ츻μɤΤ褦˱Ѹ켭ȿǤƤƸ츻ؤȤʬɤΤ褦ȯŸƤ֥2ϡֶʳذαѸ츻ءס3ϡʸˡؼԤȼԻԡפ˵äƳά
ޤŪǤϤ뤬γѸȷݽѸ˸츻ŪҤäȤ٤ϡ۸ Thomas Blount ˤ Glossographia (1656) Ǥ롥Henry Cockeram The English Dictionarie (1623) ϤȤμϡ츻 Francis Holyoke Ѽ Dictionarium Etymologicum (1639) ˵ĤġȼϰդäƤ롥츻ιͤϡ֤˴ŤΤǤϤʤƤϢ˴Ť̤ϤʤΤǤϤ뤬˸츻ŪηǺܤꥹμԻԤȤƸ츻ػ˾塤פǤ롥
Ʒ֤˴ŤŪʸ츻ѤäƸ츻 Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae (1671) ԻΤ Stephen Skinner Ǥ롥Skinner 1691ǯˤϤβ A New English Dictionary, Shewing the Etymological Derivation of the English Tongue, in Two Parts ǤƤ롥ܻϤޤdzάŪǤꡤΩĤ֤˴Ť츻ƤƤǡ츻ػ˾塤⤬롥ǤϥƥнŤθ츻ѤĤĤꡤޥˤؿʧ롥Ʊˤϡƿ̾ Gazophylacium Anglicanum (1689) 褦ʸ츻ѤäƽǤƤ롥
Τ褦˷֤˴Ť츻ؤ˰äƤä캬ηŪƱ̤ʴؿǸ츻ػ˾פôäƤΤ Nathaniel Bailey An Universal Etymological English Dictionary (1721) Ǥ롥θ츻1802ǯޤǤ25ǤŤͤۤɽѤ줿Bailey Ϥޤ Dictionarium Britannicaum: Or, A More Compleat Universal Etymological English Dictionary than any Extant, etc. Containing not only the Words, and their Explications; but their Etymologies . . . (1730) ԤǤ⤢롥1736ǯ2ǤǤϡޥؼ Thomas Lediard ζϤդƸ츻ŪϤ˭ˤʤäμᡤ1755ǯˤ Joseph Nicol Scott ˤ A New Universal Etymological English Dictionary Ǥ줿
褽Ʊˡ츻ϸɤԲķμǤȤΩ줫顤Benjamin Martin ˤ Linguae Britannica Reformata, Or, A New English Dictionary (1749) 롥ơSamuel Johnson ϡ츻ؤδǧ A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) 礤˸츻ߡθ츻Ѥ礭ʱƶͿ뤳ȤȤʤä
Τȡ18˸̩ʷŪƱˡӸؤ֤롥θ츻ؤؤΥѥȤˤĤƤεǡ
=å֥ ס رѸ츻ء١ʸ˥ӡҡ1999ǯ ( Blanchot, Jean-Jacques. L'Étymologie Anglaise. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1995. )
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