hellogѸ˥֥     ChangeLog ǿ     ƥǿ     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ڡ / page 1 (10)

standardisation - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2026-04-29 Wed

#6211. ߷ PIVOT TALK ˽б餷ơαѸܿۤ͡äƤޤ [pivot][youtube][world_englishes][notice][model_of_englishes][variety][standardisation][lingua_franca][ai][sociolinguistics][notice]



425ڡˡPIVOT TALK ˤ֡αѸܿ͡۱ѸλϤޤϣȾС20ĶޤǹäͳѸϸä¿Ѹ줬ʬƤʥꥪɸಽκޡAIˤѸؽɬפ10ǯαѸܿ͡ꤹ YouTube ư褬ۿޤѸ˸Ԥ߷Ļرض̾ˤȤȤƤäƤ롤50ʬۤɤεŤ̤Ǥ
äƤϡ1ۤ˻߷Ȥƾ尴줿αѸ --- 5Φ˹¿ͤ EnglishesҲ𤷤ĤġܤαѸؽԤγҤͤʤ䷲ˡѸˤѸ (world_englishes) δƤޤ
ưƤ¿ˤ錄ޤȤ櫓פʥȥԥå򤤤ĤҲ𤷤ޤ礦

ޤѸ줬ʤۤɤޤǤ˳礷ΤȤ䤤Ф߷ϡָŪħˤΤǤϤʤޤǼҲŪŪװǤפƤޤ5ȾФˤϿ͵ϤΥޥʡ˲᤮ʤäѸ줬1600ǯʥԥλˤˤ600͡ƸǤ20ͤĶüԤ˻äطʤˤϡƸȡ³ƹƬȤѥδפäȤŦǤ
ޤαѸξ Kachru ΡƱߥǥפѤƲ⤷üԤüԤŪ˾8䤬üԡˤȤ⤭ĦˤƤޤˤѸϤϤüԤʪǤϤʤʤäƤ롤ȤѥࡦեȤ˸ڤƤޤ
Ѹᤰ뺣Ÿ˾ˤĤƤɷŪʤäޤѸ줬Ϥȼ˿ʲʬƤֱϡפȡ̸ (lingua_franca) ȤɸಽάܻؤֵῴϡפΤ᤮礤ˤĤƿ졤ˤAIƱȯŸѸϰ̤ɤѤ뤫ȤˤƧ߹Ǥޤ
ǸˡܿͤѸȤɤ礦٤ȤǤϡäդ˴ؤƤΥͥƥֱѸ˸ǼΤǤϤʤ¿ͤʣ Englishes Ƥڤ⤤Ƥޤǽ񤭸դˤƤϰȤɸŪʸˡֻμλɸȤʤȤŪǥХ󥹤μ줿󶡤ƤƤޤ

λ߷ΤбϡѸȤŪ˼᤿ѸˤȤ䤬ñʤεϿǤϤʤҲɤ߲򤭡䤿̤λؿˤ򼨤ηäǤ뤳ȤƼ´ƤΤǤ50ʬȤưλ֤ϰ츫Ĺ뤫⤷ޤ󤬡߷夤ľǮŪʸ˰ޤ졤äȤ֤˲᤮ƤޤϤǤ
ơưǶ̣줿ϡ괩Ԥ줿ФαѸ˼äƤߤƤ߷ˤرѸˡ١رñˡ٤³33ܤȤʤܽϡϤƤ³ѸΥʥߥŪФǤǤưȹ碌ɤळȤǡѸȤ줬4Ūʹ꤬˸Ƥ뤳ȤǤ礦hellog ɼԤγˤ⶯ᤷ1Ǥ

߷ ⡡αѸ --- 5Φ˹¿ͤ Englishes١ҡӡ2026ǯ.

Referrer (Inside): [2026-05-15-1]

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2025-11-08 Sat

#6039. New Zealand English ˤޥѸȯᤰҲ [sociolinguistics][new_zealand_english][maori][borrowing][loan_word][pronunciation][orthography][language_planning][writing][standardisation]

NZE ˤϡޥ줫μѸ줬¿äƤ롥̾̾ʤɤθͭ̾Ϥ󡤰̸¿ήƤ롥Ѹʸ̮ǥޥѸɤΤ褦ȯ뤫ȤˤĤơBauer (398--99) ̣򼨤Ƥ롥

The proper pronunciation of Maori is currently a controversial issue in New Zealand, and it is a subject on which feelings run high. The issue is at heart a political rather than a linguistic one, since it is clear linguistically that there is no good reason to expect native-like Maori pronunciation in words which are being used in English. None the less, it has the linguistic consequence that there is a good deal of variation in the way in which Maori loanwords are pronounced in English, with variants close to native Maori norms at the formal end of the spectrum, and much more Anglicised versions --- sometimes irregularly Anglicised versions --- at the other. To give some idea of the variation this can lead to, I present below a few place-names with a Maori pronunciation and one extreme English pronunciation. Variants are heard anywhere on the continuum between these two extremes.


ʸϤθ˶㤬Ĥ󤲤Ƥ뤬ȤХޥǥ˥塼ɤɽ魯 Aotearoa Ĺ򤤱ϡˤϡޥȯǤ /aːɔtɛːaɾɔa/ ȤʤꡤȯѸüԤ⤤С鴰˱Ѹ첽 /eɪətiəˈɹəʊə/ ȤȯԤ⤤롥ޤ2ĤξˤȤơŪȯ¿ȤΤ顤ɤη㤷롥
ɤطʤˤϡѸȥޥβηϤκۡޥΥƥ饷ǥ󥹤ؤθޥؤΩ֤פ졤ײ衦Ωʤɡ͡ʸŪƤʤ󤺤ҲŪװѤƤΤȯ1ĤȤäƤ⡤üԤ٤Ω줬ǻȿǤƤǽȤȤ
ʤޥ޻ɽݤֻϡ1830ǯȾ1840ǯޤǤˤɸಽƤȤ (Bauer 398) ճᤫäΤʡȤݤ

Bauer L. "English in New Zealand." The Cambridge History of the English Language. Vol. 5. Ed. Burchfield R. Cambridge: CUP, 1994. 382--429.

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2025-07-01 Tue

#5909. ֱѸˤɤ߲򤯡줫αѸȤθ礤 --- ANAεؤƤա179˷ǺܤƤޤ [notice][hel_education][helkatsu][standardisation][world_englishes][variety][variation][language_change]

Hotta-Takeoff_179.png



ڡϤˡ

ΤӡANAۡǥ󥰥ȯԤ뵨ؤƤա1792025ǯƹˤˡֱѸˤɤ߲򤯡줫αѸȤθ礤פꤹ륨åƤޤɽޤ8ڡˤ錄롤ȤεͤޤäǤ
ʤҶȳȯԤ뻨ˡֱѸˡפ꤬ȶä줿⤤ä뤫⤷ޤ󡥻ƤΤä򤤤ȤˤϾͤΤǤҶȤйȤбѸǤΤǡפä礭Ϥޤ󡥹ͤƤ뤦ˡषѸŪʻƳΤˤäƤĤεǤϤʤȴϤޤ

ڡɸѸפϤĤɸäΤ

εǤϡ1500ǯʾˤ錄Ѹˤդ֤ʤ顤ɸಽפȡæɸಽפȤ2ĤΥ٥ȥΤ᤮礤ܤޤѸϤ衤θܿϰŪҲŪʸŪװˤäƾ˻ѤѤƤǤ
㤨αѸϡΤ褦ʡѸפȤϤ¸ߤʤ¿ͤʾ֤ˤޤˤϥե󥹸˲ϰ̤򼺤ޤޤˤϡѤ䶵٤ڤˤäơɸѸפƤȤˤʤޤϥɥ桦ήθոǥˤդäȤªɤΤʤŪʪˤޤǤ

ڡѸפλءѸ¿Ϻ˻ϤޤäȤǤϤʤ

Ѹ;ޤФȤʤޤǤޤ¿Ǥ⤢ޤλ䤿ϡꥫѸ䥤ꥹѸǤʤɱѸ졤󥬥ݡѸ졤ʥꥢѸʤɡѸ¿ͤʡִפŪ˸äƤޤˬѸҤäݸήοŸˤäơܤ餷ʤ¿ͤʱѸ˿뵡ƤΤǡθ򤹤Τ񤷤ʤϤǤ
͡ʱѸʹơ֤äѸʤΡפȸǤ̤⤢뤫⤷ޤ󡥤Ѹˤդ֤ȡ¿ϤषѸλѤȤ狼ޤ٤ȤѼäȤϤʤषɤ졤Ѥ³ƤʤΤǤ
ǧΥХʸɤ߲򤯾Ǥνȯˤʤޤ

ڡ줫αѸȤդ礤Ȥϡ

ܥå᤯ǤϡŪطʤƧޤǡ䤿ѸȤɤΤ褦˸礦٤ˤĤơ4ŦƤޤ

1. ŪʡѸפ¸ߤʤ
ɸѸפȤϡŪҲŪ˹ۤ줿ϤǤꡤ켫ΤĤѼˤޤ󡥱ѸʤҤƤϸˤܼϾѲ¿ˤޤ
2. ˱ʱѤ
񤭸աäաեޥ롿եޥʤɡŪ˱ƥȤʬϤޤ֤ɤ줬פǤϤʤֲŬڤפ򸫶ˤڤǤ
3. ¿ͤʱѸѼؤδ
ѼαѸ˿줿Ȥ´ѤǤˡطʤħܤ뤳ȤפǤ
4. Ѹˤγؤ
ȯֻЪΥä¿ʸˡΤʤɡѸΡ֤ʤפˡƤξ硤ƤΤϡֱѸˡפǤѸˤΤ뤳ȤǡѸؤλޤ

Ѹ줬θפȤƤ¿Ͳ³ʤ䤿ϤɤΤ褦ˤѲȤĤäƤ٤ʤΤΥҥȤ򡤱ѸˤȤĹѥ󤫤õäƤߤޤ󤫡̣줿ϡܻ򤪼˼äƤߤƤ

ڡؤƤա٤ˤĤơ

ܥåϡANAˤؤƤա٤ȤεȤƷǺܤƤޤ󤴾Ҳ𤷤Τۤˤ⡤ǧΤȷθ˴ؤ뵭䡤Ūͻʤɤ˴ؤ뵭ʤɤǺܤƤޤ
ؤƤա179򤴴˾ϡHPܺ٤򤴳ǧANAޥۥץǽȤʤäƤޤ

ʤΥåˤĤƤϡheldio ˤ#1490. ֱѸˤɤ߲򤯡줫αѸȤθ礤 --- ANAؤƤա179ȤۿƤޤΤǡ⤼Ҥİ



δ졡ֱѸˤɤ߲򤯡줫αѸȤθ礤סؤƤա1792025ǯƹˡANAۡǥ󥰥2025ǯ533--40ǡ

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2025-06-27 Fri

#5905. ޻ɽإܥ󼰤ܤ --- 70ǯ֤ž [japanese][romaji][spelling][language_planning][writing][standardisation][through][link]

1620俷ʹīˤơ֥޻ϥإܥ󼨡礦ʸģ֤ǤספȤǺܤƤˤȡʸģϡܸΥ޻ɽˤĤƽΡַἰפѸȯ˶ᤤ֥إܥ󼰡פܤȤˤžǰƤޤȤ᤿1954ǯչ𼨰衤70ǯ֤礭ʸθľȤʤ롥
žطʤˤϡҲˤإܥ󼰤ιϤʿƩȤ֤롥ѥݡȤ̾ƻϩɸʤɡŪʾ̤ˤƥإܥ󼰤ѤƤǡعǤչ𼨤˴Ťἰ˻ƳƤꡤΡ֤ͤפĹǯβȤʤäƤ
ξԤμʰ㤤ϡἰ֤פ si֤פ ti֤ġפ tu֤աפ hu ɽΤФإܥ󼰤ǤϤ줾 shi, chi, tsu, fu ȡܸüԤǤϤʤѸ¾ΡüԤˤȤäȯ䤹ֻѤƤˤ롥ǰƤϡμҲŪ֤ǧɽ뤳ȤŪȤƤȤ
Ĺ餯ξʻ¸ƤȤˤĤƲƻפᤰ餻ƤΤ褤ȤΤϡDZѸˤˤֻɸಽ (standardisation) ĹפФ뤫Ѹˤϡ¿񵭤δΰ㤤顤1Ĥñ¿ֻthrough 516̤ΰֻäȤϡܥ֥Ǥ⤷Фм夲Ƥ̤Ǥcf. through) θ塤Ѥڤ伭ʸˡԻФơֻ경ɸಽƤäβǤϡ츻Ż뤹ΩȯŻ뤹Ωδ֤ǶĥطäΥ޻ɽθľ⡤ܸβηϤ¤ʷἰȡŪŻ뤹إܥ󼰤Ȥδ֤ΡĹǯˤ錄ĥط1Ĥεȸ뤳ȤǤ
ʤǰƤǤϡĿͤΤĹǯѤƤɽºŤ졤ľѹΤǤϤʤȤƤ롥Ū˿ʤƤˤܤ
hellog ǤϡޤǤ޻ɽᤰϷ֤夲Ƥcf. romaji)) ʸģž򤹤ǡʲβ⻲ͤˤ줿

#1612. ƻϩɸ޻Ѹɽء ([2013-09-25-1])
#1879. ܸˤ޻ˡ ([2014-06-19-1])
#1892. ֥޻ΤĤŤס ([2014-07-02-1])
#1893. إܥ󼰥޻ <sh>, <ch>, <j> ϤɤΤ餤Ѹ ([2014-07-03-1])
#3427. ἰܼإܥ󼰤Υ޻ĤŤоɽ ([2018-09-14-1])
#4905. ְΡפ Aichi Aiti ([2022-10-01-1])
#4925. ޻ɽɤȱѸ쥹ڥ󥰴 ([2022-10-21-1])
#5034. إܥ󼰥޻ɽ˱ѸǤƤ롩 ([2023-02-07-1])

Referrer (Inside): [2026-01-01-1]

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2025-06-09 Mon

#5887. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤2through --- ޤ¿ֻͤĸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ [asacul][mindmap][notice][kdee][etymology][hel_education][lexicology][through][standardisation][link]

524ڡˤˡǯ٤ī㡼󥿡Υ꡼ֺ˾äȤԻ׵Ĥʱñ2Ȥơthrough --- ޤ¿ֻͤĸפɶˤƳ֤ޤVoicy heldio ˤ#1448. 524īֺ¤Ǥ through ܤޤͽ𤷤̤Ǥ
2ֺ¤Ƥ markmap Ȥ֥ġˤޥɥޥåײޤʲȤƤɤˡѤˤȤС



ʤīֺ¤Υ꡼1ˤĤƤޥɥޥåפƤޤ#5857. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤1she --- 츻䤨ʤ̾פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-05-10-1]) ε
꡼3ϡ轵621ڡˤˡautumn --- ³ƤפꤷƳ֤ޤؿΤϡHPܺ٤򤴳ǧξ塤ߤС

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2024-11-18 Mon

#5684. ݥˡ饹ͧǤιֱֱѸɸಽˡפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ [notice][keiyukai][standardisation][mindmap][world_englishes][through][variety][keiyukai]

1116ˡݥˡ饹ͧˤơֱѸɸಽˡפꤷƹֱ餵Ƥޤ̡饤ǻä줿󡤤꤬ȤޤֱμĹ֤ˤ錄ä夬ޤƲǤ⳧ȵŤʸήεĤȤǤޤĤ줿ͧС˿괶տ夲ޤ
ֵΤ2ĶȤʤޤǤ֤­ʤ餤ǤֵƤ markmap Ȥ֥ġѤƥޥɥޥåײޤʲȤƤɤˡ515̤ through ꤫ꡤѸˤˤŪ¿ɸಽ (standardisation) Υ롤Ǹˤ20--21Ѹ (world_englishes) ݤޤ



ޤǤηͧǤιֱϢưˤĤƤϡkeiyukai

Referrer (Inside): [2024-11-29-1]

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2024-08-02 Fri

#5576. ɸͤ --- ܸˤȱѸˤζ [historiography][japanese][hel][dialect][variety][diachrony][standardisation][oe][review]


Konno-Nihongo_front_cover.png



ǯ4˽Ǥ줿ܸˤοǤVoicy heldio ۿ#1158. 󡡡ܸȴ --- ˡʤդˡ١ȽŹҴȿӡ2024ǯǴñ˾Ҳ𤷤ޤ
Ϥפʵ͡ŸƤΤǤǤ pp. 9--10 1Ѥޤ

ޤǤϡɻܸˤĤơֲסָáסʸˡˡסʸɽΤ褦ˡʬʬƵҤʿ»塤һƱͤ˵ҤƤȤ꤫ȤƤɻ塤ʿ»ϤˤäƤΤǡ줾̤Ρֶ֡פȤߤ뤳ȤϤǤ롥ĤʤƤȤ館ƤɤϤ狼ʤȤ⤤롥ʤʤСɤȵԤǤϡ֤ۤʤ뤫ĤޤɻܸȻפäƤܸϤСפǤꡤʿ»ܸȻפäƤܸϤСֵפǤꡤۤʤʤΤ㤦ΤȤǽˤӽƤʤԹȤޤǤϤʤ⤷ʤȤˤܤۤɬפ롥ޤꤽθϤʤƤƤʤȻפ롥


λŦܸˤΤߤʤ餺Ѹˤˤ⤽ΤޤƤϤޤǡܤͤޤѸˤǤ⡤űѸΡɸפϥ󥰥ΥȥǤѸʹߤΤϡ󥰥פȤĤ¾ħɥȤʤޤ
űѸȸѸθŪۤݤˡ̻ŪѲפ⤫٤Τ̤Ȼפޤ٤ƤΤűѸΥȥȸѸΥɥȤȤդɬפޤκۤϡ̻ŪѲǤϤʤȿǤƤǽΤǤ̻ŪѲξؤäƤ륱¿Ǥ礦ݥȤϡּǤϤʤּθʤФʤʤȤȤǤϡˤɤݤ˾դǤ

󡡡ܸȴ --- ˡʤȤФˡ١ȽŹҴȥ˥ӡ2024ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2024-08-27-1] [2024-08-16-1]

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2024-06-21 Fri

#5534. Henry V ζ̼ʥƥץ졼 [signet][standardisation][monarch][lancastrian][chancery_standard]

Fisher et al. (6--7) ˡ1419ǯΤȤȯԤ줿 Henry V ζ̼ʤʤΥƥץ졼ȤΤ˷ǤƤ (Letter no. 60) Robert Shiryngton Ȥͤν̾äƤʤƸƤߤ褦

  1. Author By þe king
  2. Salutation Worshipful fader yn god oure right trusty and welbeloued
  3. Greeting We grete yow wel /
  4. Exposition And for asmuche as we haue ordeined oure trusty and welbeloued knyght Iohn of Radclif. to be oure Conestable of Bourdeux And also to be Captaine of our Castel of fronsac for þe grete trust þat we haue to his trewthe and discrecion.
  5. Disposition we wol and charge yow þat by þauis of our broþer of Bedford and oþer of oure conseil þere in Englande. ye trete and accorde wiþ þe said Ihon for his abidyng þere. And so þat he may do vs good seruice. as hit semeþ best to youre discrecions for oure auantage and proffit of þe cuntree And þat ye spede him in al þe haste þat ye may. And se þat he tarye not þere: as oure trust is to yow
  6. Valediction And god haue yow in his keping
  7. Attestation Yeuen vnder oure signet in oure Castel of Rouen þe [xvi day of May]
  8. Signature of the clerk Shiryngton


ޤʤ礬Ǥ뤳Ȥ (1) ˿˸ڤĤİʤ (2, 3) ³ƼطʤҤ٤ (4) ξǰƤ餫ˤ (5) Ǹˡɮΰ (6) ʸμ (7) ͤΥ³
̼ʤϴνΰ̳Ǥ뤫顤Τ褦ʥƥץ졼ȤɬפȤ뤷ƱͤˡΤ褦ʸͤˤȤäƤϡɸŪֻޤäƤСŻ⤽Ψ褯ʤȤǤֻɸಽεȤΤϡƼʤȤǤ롥

Fisher, John H., Malcolm Richardson, and Jane L. Fisher, comps. An Anthology of Chancery English. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 1984. 392.

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2024-06-20 Thu

#5533. 1417ǯ̼ɤ Henry V νʤѸȯԤϤ᤿ط [signet][reestablishment_of_english][standardisation][lancastrian][monarch][politics][chancery_standard][hundred_years_war]

ɸˤĤƤϡǤľܡܤ˴ط뵭񤤤Ƥ

#3225. 󥫥īαѸ첽Τ⤯ߤ Chancery Standard ([2018-02-24-1])
#3241. 1422ǯɥ¤ȹαѸ첽 ([2018-03-12-1])
#3242. 󥫥īαѸ첽Τ⤯ߤ Chancery Standard (2) ([2018-03-13-1])

Fisher et al. (xv--xvi) ꡤ⤦1ĤδϢҲ𤷤

The earliest group of official documents in English in uniform style and language are the English Signet letters of Henry V. Until his second invasion of France in August 1417, Henry's correspondence had been in French, but from August 1417 until his death in August 1422 nearly all of it is in English. The reasons for the change can only be inferred. No document has come to light expressing his views or prescribing the use of English, but there is evidence of his sensitivity to linguistic nationalism. One of the first acts of his reign was an assent, in English, to a petition by the Commons that statutes be made without altering the words of the petitions on which they were based. In treating with the French and Burgundians, his ambassadors insisted on using Latin rather than French. At the Council of Constance, Henry's ambassadors demanded to know "whether nation be understood as a people marked off from others by blood relationships and habit of unity or by peculiarities of language (the most sure and positive sign and essence of a nation in divine and human law)." Hence, it may be inferred that upon his invasion of France in 1417, he found it expedient to adopt English to secure popular support for his military expedition.


ȤŪʴޤߤäˤ衤Henry V Ȥ뤤̱²ȤϷˤäƤǤϤʤˤäƷӤĤĤǤȤͤ򲡤ФȤƤȤܤͤ롥󥰥ɤˤŪʹȴѤ̱²ѤȤ٤

Fisher, John H., Malcolm Richardson, and Jane L. Fisher, comps. An Anthology of Chancery English. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 1984. 392.

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2024-06-19 Wed

#5532. Υޥ3ȾΥ󥰥ɤˤäդȽ񤭸դθ [me][norman_conquest][latin][french][reestablishment_of_english][bilingualism][diglossia][signet][writing][standardisation]

ѸΥ󥰥ɤϥޥ󥬥ʼҲäݥꥰʼҲȤäƤ褤̤ơ󥰥ɤ̱äդϾ˱Ѹä񤭸դϡ񤭼쥸ˤꡤƥ졤ե󥹸졤ѸΤ⤢񤭸դȤƤαѸϡѸˤƤäȤǤϤ뤬¤¸ߴ򼨤褦ˤʤäƤ
Fisher et al. (xiii) ϡ󥰥ɤˤ뤳3Ⱦθ1ʸϤΤ褯ޤȤƤ롥ʲ˰Ѥ롥

Until the 14th century there was little association between Chancery and Westminster. Like the rest of his household, Chancery followed the King in his peregrinations about the country, and correspondence up to the time may be dated from York, Winchester, Hereford, or wherever the court happened to pause (as the King's personal correspondence---the Signet correspondence---continued to be throughout the 15th century). It is important to observe that in its movement about the country, the court as a whole must have reinforced the impression of an official class dialect , in contrast to the regional dialects with which it came in contact. For two centuries this court dialect was spoken French and written Latin; after 1300 it gradually became spoken English and written French. The English spoken in court then and for a long time afterward was quite varied in pronunciation and structure. But written Latin had been standardized in classical times, and by the 13th century written French had begun to be standardized in form and to achieve the lucid idiom that English prose was not to achieve until the 16th century. Increasingly as the 14th century progressed, this Latin and French was written by clerks whose first language was English. Latin was the essential subject in school, but the acquisition of French was more informal, and by the end of the century we have Chaucer's satire on the French of the Prioress, Gower's apologies for his own (quite acceptable) French, and the errors in legal briefs which betoken Englishmen trying to compose in a foreign language. By 1400 the use of English in speaking Latin and French in administrative writing had established a clear dichotomy between colloquial speech and the official written language, which must have made it easier to create an artificial written standard independent of the spoken dialects when the royal clerks began to use English for their official writing after 1417.


ʤǸ˵󤲤Ƥ1417ǯȤϡ#3214. 1410ǯ夫30ǯˤƤ Chancery English ˨ ([2018-02-13-1]) ǿƤ̤ꡤHenry V νʤ̼ (Signet Office) ˤѸȯԤϤ᤿ǯΤȤǤ롥

Fisher, John H., Malcolm Richardson, and Jane L. Fisher, comps. An Anthology of Chancery English. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 1984. 392.

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2024-06-18 Tue

#5531. Chancery English Ȥϲ [chancery_standard][standardisation][lme][spelling][orthography][signet]

ɸѸŪפϤɤˤ뤫ϱѸˤǤνײǤ롥ˡ˴ؤ¤ꡤѸ Chancer English ˵롤ȤΤ Samuels (1963) ͭϤǤ롤ˤĤƤϡ#306. Samuels Ѹȯã񤭤Ȥɸ4ס ([2010-02-27-1])#1228. ѸˤˤɸѸȯŸȳΩäơ ([2012-09-06-1])ˤ#3214. 1410ǯ夫30ǯˤƤ Chancery English ˨ ([2018-02-13-1]) ϤȤ chancery_standard ε򻲾Ȥ줿
Chancery ȤϡˡģפΤȤǡȤδνȿؤǤϡ̾ˤ䤫äƸ Chancer English Chancery Standard ȸƤФ뤳ȤˤʤäѸѼȤϡŪˤϲΤȤʤΤFisher et al. (xii) ꡤ̤ͿƤ

We follow M. L. Samuels, in calling the official written English of the first half of the 15th century "Chancery English" although it emanated from at least four offices, Signet, Privy Seal, Parliament, and the emerging Court of Chancery itself. The generalized term is valid in an historical sense. By the end of the 15th century the term "Chancery" had come to be restricted to the royal courts of law, but until the departmentalization of the national bureaucracy into various offices, which began in the reign of Henry VII, Chancery comprised virtually all of the national bureaucracy except for the closely allied Exchequer. Thomas Frederick Tout, who made a life-time study of the workings of Chancery and its affiliated offices, begins his Chapters in The Administrative History of Mediaeval England by quoting Palgrave's observation that "Chancery was the Secretariat of State in all departments of late medieval government."


Chancery Ȥϡ̼ (Signetˡ (Privy Seal)IJ (Parliament)ˡȽ (Court of Chancery) 濴Ȥ ׶ (Exchequer) ۤܤ٤ƤιȻ̳ɤؤȤȤѤ줿Ūֻͤˤäɽ蘆ѸѼ郎Chancery English ȤȤˤʤ롥ǤϤʤȤϤ̤Ϥǽʬ

Samuels, Michael Louis. "Some Applications of Middle English Dialectology." English Studies 44 (1963): 81--94. Revised in Middle English Dialectology: Essays on Some Principles and Problems. Ed. Margaret Laing. Aberdeen: Aberdeen UP, 1989.
Fisher, John H., Malcolm Richardson, and Jane L. Fisher, comps. An Anthology of Chancery English. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 1984. 392.

Referrer (Inside): [2025-01-01-1]

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2024-04-28 Sun

#5480. 2022ǯ˸زΥݥʩоȸˡäζ岽ᤰäơפγפޤ [notice][jshl][symposium][historical_linguistics][lexicology][standardisation][emode][japanese][contrastive_language_history][german][french][chinese][latin][greek][renaissance]

1ǯȾۤΤȤˤʤޤ2022ǯ1210˸زˤƥݥʩоȸˡäζ岽ᤰäơפޤΥץ򻲾ȡˡؽؤǤΥϥ֥åɳŤǤƱǯ˽Ǥ줿 ԡ Ϻ δˡظɸಽͤ --- ʩоȸˡפλߡ١罤ۡ2022ǯ J-STAGE ǸޤPDFǼͳ˥ɤǤޤΤǡҤɤߤФȻפޤ󤴤ȤʬƤޤΤǡʲ˥ȥȤȤ˾ϿؤΥ󥯤ĥäƤޤ

ʩоȸ --- äζ岽ᤰäơסʹԡؽء
ֱ1ܸäζ岽ˤ볰ǤμƤĴסϺء
ֱ2θö岽ָŪͻ --- ηȡŬ¸פΥᥫ˥סŹء
ֱ3ֽѸˤü --- оȸŪסδ졤ء
ֱ4֥ɥĸθóȽ --- ¤ȤƤΥǥƥƥ ---סʹԡؽء
ֱ5֥ǥߡե󥻡μˤե󥹸ɸಽȸäζ岽 ---ե󥹸ɸಽؤߡסԡء
ǥå֤ޤȤȵ

ֱ3ôξϿϼ̤Ǥ

Ѹ1500--1700ǯˤϱѹͥ󥹤λޤߡƱͭ ŵؤηݤȼƥ䥮ꥷ줫μѸ줬̤˱ѸήƱζ٥ʥ顼Ǥե󥹸졤ꥢ졤ڥ졤ݥȥʤɤθäμѤäμѸϡ줫ľܱѸäƤΤ⤢С¾졤ŵŪˤϥե󥹸ȤơŪ˱ѸäƤΤ¿ˤϡǤȤ߹碌¤줹뤳Ȥ⤷ФйԤʤ줿ĤޤꡤѸˤäζ岽Ƚϡ͡ʷϩˡ̤ʣŪ˼¸ƤΤǤ롥Τ褦ʽѸθûϡ¤ΤȤĤˤܸθûƤ롥ǤϡѸܸˤĤоȸŪʻĤġäζ岽ˡȵˤĤƵ롥


˿줿ظɸಽͤǽоȸ (contrastive_language_history) ȤץƳޤͤϤΥץˤ뿷ĩȤ򤷤ƤФȻפޤ

standardisation_front_cover_small



ԡ Ϻ δ졦 ԡʩоȸˡäζ岽ᤰäơס˸ء12˸زԡˡ2024ǯ89--182ǡ
ԡ Ϻ δˡظɸಽͤ --- ʩоȸˡפλߡ١罤ۡ2022ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2025-01-01-1]

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2024-02-03 Sat

#5395. 224ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ4ֶѸֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơ [asacul][notice][writing][spelling][orthography][mode][standardisation][etymological_respelling][link][voicy][heldio][chancery_standard][spelling_reform]

3ָ224ڡˤ 15:30--18:45 ˡī㡼󥿡ɶˤƥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ4ȤʤֶѸֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơ֤ޤ


224ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ4ֶѸֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơ



ιֺ¤ϡ4Υ꡼4Ȥʤޤ꡼Υ饤ʥåפϰʲ̤Ǥ

1ʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤʽա429
2󡡸űѸֻ --- ޻μʤʲơ729
3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡʽ107
4󡡶Ѹֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơߡ224

٤4ˤĤƤϡ Voicy heldio ˤ#971. Ѹֻ --- 224ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ4˸ơȤƳפҲ𤷤ƤޤΤǡİйǤ



ޤǤ3ιֺ¤ǤϡѸֻɸಽˤįƤޤϤ褤ḽˤɸಽμ֤ޤޤ15 Chancery Standard ˻Ϥޤꡤ1617ˤƤ Shakespeareض١αѸ켭λФơ18--19μ˻ޤǤλܤñֻɤɤޤθ塤ꥫѸֻƸֻפưޤǤեơѸֻβˤĤͽǤƻαñֻζ򼨤ʤ⤷ޤΤǡ»Ҥˤʤ뤳ȤϤޤ
ֺܹ¤ˤؿΤϡΥڡꤪߤֺϡ̤Τۤ饤ǤλäǽǤޤϿޤȡָ1ָ֡ƨۿפİǤޤԹΤ褤ˡǤäФȻפޤ꡼ֺ¤ǤϤޤƲƤΩƤޤΤǡΤߤñȯΤäǤޤäꤢޤ󡥤ʤֺ¤ѤϡüԤγͤŻŪۤͽǤ
ܥ꡼ȴϢơʲ hellog Voicy heldio ۿ⤴Ȥ

Ρ1ʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤꡡ

heldio #668. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ2023ǯ330
hellog #5088. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ ([2023-04-02-1])
hellog #5119. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ1򽪤ޤ ([2023-05-03-1])

Ρ2󡡸űѸֻ --- ޻μʤ

hellog #5194. 729ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤס ([2023-07-17-1])
heldio #778. űѸʸ --- 729ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ2˸ơ2023ǯ718
hellog #5207. īΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤפ򽪤ޤ ([2023-07-30-1])

Ρ3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡ

hellog #5263. 107ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡס ([2023-09-24-1])
heldio #848. Ѹɸʤֻ --- 107ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ3˸ơ2023ǯ926

Ρ4󡡶Ѹֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơ

heldio #971. Ѹֻ --- 224ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ4˸ơ2024ǯ127

¿ΤäԤƤޤ

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2024-01-11 Thu

#5372. ɸפ϶衼åѤȯʤǤ [standardisation][sociolinguistics][prestige][history_of_linguistics][vernacular][renaissance][romanticism][gengo_no_hyojunka]

ε#5371. ػˤΥϥɥ֥åܼ ([2024-01-10-1]) ǾҲ𤷤 The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics 15 "Vernaculars and the Idea of a Standard Language" 򳫤Ƥߤθơޤ1Ĥˡʼ˶ˤ˱Ѹɸಽ (standardisation) ꡤܥ֥Ǥ͡ƤɸಽɸˤĤơΥϥɥ֥åǤϤɤΤ褦ʰʤƤ뤫Τ᤿ä
Ƭ1ǤǤˤ⤷ɸפȤǰ϶衼åѤȯʤǤꡤ衼åѤǤϾܤ³ƤǤȤ

The greatest and most important phenomenon of the evolution of language in historic times has been the springing up of the great national common languages---Greek, French, English, German, etc.---the 'standard' languages.

So wrote Otto Jespersen . . . , and the idea of a standard language has undoubtedly been one of the most seductive in the history of European linguistic thought. It has resulted in some of the most heated of debates on language matters, drawing in both academic and non-academic actors, and ranging from the learned Questione della Lingua in Italy around the turn of the sixteenth century . . . to nineteenth-century debates on how best to standardise a newly independent Norwegian . . . , to the ongoing and often passionate discussions in homes and in bars throughout the modern world about 'right' and 'wrong' usage. The notion of a standard language has underpinned language teaching and learning since the Middle Ages, based as language teaching is on the acceptance that there is a right form of a language and a wrong form. The belief in a standard has motivated much of the grammar and dictionary writing, and has also been a central ideology in the emergence and reinforcement of the modern European nations. In the period following the Renaissance, national pride was expressed through the notion that the European vernaculars were as rich and as ordered as the Classical languages. Under the influence of Romanticism this idea of the richness of the 'national common languages' was increasingly linked to a sense of there being some sort of natural relationship between a people and their language, and indeed the perceived link between language and nation, for better or for worse, remains a strong one . . . . (359--60)


ѸˤˤɸಽˤĤƤϡ#4093. ɸѸλϤޤϥͥ󥹴 ([2020-07-11-1]) 򻲾ȡɸಽˤĤƤϡԤȤƴͿظɸಽͤ --- ʩоȸˡפλߡ罤ۡ2022ǯˤ˼äƤ (ܽˤĤƤδϢ gengo_no_hyojunka )

standardisation_front_cover_small



Linn, Andrew. "Vernaculars and the Idea of a Standard Language." Chapter 15 of The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics. Ed. Keith Allan. Oxford: OUP, 2013. 359--74.
ԡ Ϻ δˡظɸಽͤ롡ʩоȸˡפλߡ١罤ۡ2022ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2025-01-01-1]

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2023-10-05 Thu

#5274. 19Υ󥰥ɱѸ򸦵椹յ [lmode][sociolinguistics][world_englishes][variety][standardisation][enl][esl]

19Υ󥰥ɱѸ򸦵椹ȤΤϤɤȤΤ100ǯʾαѸǤϤˤ衤ˤȸƤ֤ˤϿ뤷ºݤ̤ۤɤळȤǤ롥19αʸؤѹʸ˴ؿȤΤǤʬ뤬19αѸ줽ΤΤ˴ؿͯȤΤϤɤȤ
µ줿Ѹˤ Manfred Görlach ϡ嵭Τ褦ɾ뤳Ȥ¿19Υ󥰥ɱѸ˿øΩ1999ǯ˰ܤ路Ф English in Nineteenth-Century England: An Introduction Ǥ롥ܤƬ "Motivations for the present book" Ǥ롥ޤѤ褦 (1)

Interest in the history of English has recently focused on more modern periods than the traditionally favoured ones of OE and ME. However, whereas EModE is becoming a well-researched field, the investigation of the language after 1700 has been more patchy. The 18th century has, for various reasons, received more attention than the period between 1800 and 1900.
   No comprehensive description of 19th-century English --- in particular that of England --- has ever been attempted. And yet such a study promises to yield important insights, for the following reasons:


19Υ󥰥ɱѸܤ٤3Ĥͳ³ (1--5)

(1) The sociolinguistic foundations of PDE were laid in a period when the population expanded tremendously, especially in the industrial urban centres . . . , when the standard form of the language (St E) spread from the limited number of 'refined' speakers in the 18th century to a considerable section of the Victorian middle classes, and when general education began to level speech forms to an extent that is impossible to imagine for earlier periods.
(2) Comparisons between varieties of English in England and overseas are likely to provide evidence of the drifting apart of the colonial Englishes in spite of the retarding influences of British administration, the schools, and the influence of the high prestige of London English on educated speakers world-wide. Moreover, a description of the BrE of the time is a necessary precondition for evaluating the British linguistic input in overseas Englishes --- in regions where English is a native language (= ENL), like the American West, Upper Canada, Australia and New Zealand, the Cape and Natal, and in the great number of varieties of English used as a second language (= ESL) in Africa and Asia.
(3) A comparison of English in England with standard languages on the continent may well permit interlinguistic insights into parallels and differences in development within the framework of an increasingly similar West European material culture. Such comparisons might also prompt new questions and the application of new methods in cases where it has proved fruitful to look at sociolinguistic conditions in one culture which have been neglected in another.


3ĤλϤä꼡Τ褦ʼݤɤ

(1) 20ʹߤΥ󥰥ɱѸ߽ФھΤ
(2) ˳Ȼ ENL ESL μΤ
(3) 衼åѤνμҲŪоȤ

Görlach, Manfred. English in Nineteenth-Century England: An Introduction. Cambridge: CUP, 1999.

Referrer (Inside): [2023-10-06-1]

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2023-09-24 Sun

#5263. 107ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡ [asacul][notice][writing][spelling][orthography][me][standardisation][me_dialect][norman_conquest][link][voicy][heldio]

2ָ107ڡˤ 15:30--18:45 ˡī㡼󥿡ɶˤƥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ3ȤʤѸֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡ֤ޤ


107ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡ



ιֺ¤ϡ4Υ꡼3Ȥʤޤ꡼Υ饤ʥåפϰʲ̤Ǥ

1ʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤʽա429
2󡡸űѸֻ --- ޻μʤʲơ729
3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡʽ107
4󡡶Ѹֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơߡ̤

ޤǤ2ιֺ¤ǤϡޤѸ˰ʸե٥åȤεȯãǧ˸űѸ449--1100ǯˤˤ޻ѤμºݤѻƤޤ3ܤѸ1100--1500ǯˤǤλޤǤ˱ѸüԤϥ޻ˤϤäǤޤ1066ǯΥΥޥη̡ɸѸפüñ֤ȤѸ˾Ǥޤʻ֤ŸƤޤ礲˸СġαѸν񤭼꤬פפ˹ʤ褦ñ֤äǤȤߤХͥƥȤʤޤͳȤߤХݥƥǤϤƤξϡαѸѸΥڥ󥰤ˤʤƶͿΤǤ礦Ѹ쥹ڥ󥰻ˤˤơäȤ㥯ʻǤ餳⤷Ƥޤֺ¤ΤʤǤѸ츶ʸɤߤʤ顤λΥڥ󥰻įƤߤȻפޤ
ֺ¤λäˤؿΤϡΥڡꤪߤ̤Τۤ饤ǤλäǽǤޤϿ줿ˤϡƨۿȤƥưؤΥ󥯤ͽǤԹΤ褤ˡǤä4Υ꡼ΤǤϤޤƲƤΩƤޤΤǡñȯǤΤäⴿޤǤ
ܥ꡼ȴϢơʲ hellog Voicy heldio ۿ⤴Ȥ

Ρ1ʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤꡡ

heldio #668. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ2023ǯ330
hellog #5088. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ ([2023-04-02-1])
hellog #5119. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ1򽪤ޤ ([2023-05-03-1])

Ρ2󡡸űѸֻ --- ޻μʤ

hellog #5194. 729ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤס ([2023-07-17-1])
heldio #778. űѸʸ --- 729ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ2˸ơ2023ǯ718
hellog #5207. īΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤפ򽪤ޤ ([2023-07-30-1])

Ρ3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡϡʰʲ2023/09/26(Tue)θ嵭

heldio #848. Ѹɸʤֻ --- 107ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ3˸ơ2023ǯ926

Referrer (Inside): [2024-02-03-1]

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2023-07-30 Sun

#5207. īΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤפ򽪤ޤ [asacul][writing][grammatology][alphabet][notice][spelling][oe][literature][beowulf][runic][christianity][latin][alliteration][distinctiones][punctuation][standardisation][voicy][heldio]

#5194. 729ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤס ([2023-07-17-1]) Ǥ⤷̤ꡤī㡼󥿡ɶˤƥ꡼ֺʸֻαѸˡ2ȤʤָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤ򳫹֤ޤ¿̤뤤ϥ饤ǻäޤƴտ夲ޤ꤬Ȥޤ
űѸˡˤƱѸüԤޥ̱²äƤ롼ʸΤơ޻ƤΤơˤƥ޻DZѸɽˡˤĤƻ֤򤫤ϺƤäΤޤ޻Ƴˡ޻μʤƥѸֻűѸֻɸಽ (standardisation) űѻ Beowulf ˤߤʸֻˤĤơ3֤äޤ
βä4󥷥꡼Ⱦ2󤬽λȤˤʤޤ3ϾΤȤˤʤޤ107ڡˤ 15:00~18:45 ˡѸֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡפȤƳ֤ͽǤѸˤϡűѸȯãƤֻ1066ǯΥΥޥˤä뤹ȤŪѲޤǷˤꡤθαѸֻϥƻ򤿤ɤ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ
ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפϥ꡼ȤϤƲϴϢĤĤΩƤȤʤäƤޤʹߤβ³ꤤޤԹ礬դʤǤ⡤ÿޤȸư1ָۿˤ˥Ǥ褦ˤʤޤΤǡѤ⤴Ƥ
ܥ꡼ȴϢơʲ hellog ɤߤ

hellog #5088. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ ([2023-04-02-1])
hellog #5194. 729ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤס ([2023-07-17-1])

Ʊͤˡ꡼ȴϢŤ Voicy heldio ۿ⤪İФȡ

heldio #668. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ2023ǯ330
heldio #778. űѸʸ --- 729ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ2˸ơ2023ǯ718


Referrer (Inside): [2024-02-03-1] [2023-09-24-1]

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2023-06-28 Wed

#5175. ɸಽλδط [standardisation][dialect][dialectology][prestige][language_death]

ɸಽ (standardisation) ϡ1ĤѼˤҲŪ˰ҿΤѼȤߤʤơθҲ˹ƤǤ롥ȡ¾Τ٤ƤѼϡŪ˼ҲŪͤ㤯ʤꡤϰϤޤäƤȤˤʤ꤬̤ȤơɸѼϻ˻뤳Ȥ⤢
嵭θɸಽλδطɬŪʤΤǤϤʤɸಽʹԤƤĤ³뤳ȤϤ뤷ºݤ˱Ѹˤܸˤʬ̤ꡤĤäƤ롥ޤɸಽȤΩơǤȤ⤢뤫⤷ʤ
ȤϤɸಽλδ֤˲餫ΰ̴ط륱¿˰㤤ʤJones and Singh (100) ξԤ̯ʴطˤĤƼΤ褦˵Ƥ롥

It should be pointed out, of course, that the standardisation of a language does not automatically entail the loss of its associated dialects: English dialects are still spoken today, many centuries after the emergence of standard English. However, we will see that the rise of a standard is mainly the result of sociopolitical and cultural factors and that its purpose is to unite the speech community, through knowledge of a codified, uniform variety. The rise of a standard is therefore likely to have a hand in dialect death for although the elevation on one variety to the standard leaves the other dialects intact, the fact that the standard language is the only one deemed appropriate for 'official' functions such as the media, education and government and is ultimately regarded as a symbol of loyalty for the whole community means that its associated dialects are often felt to be 'inferior' by their speakers and come to be reserved for non-official functions, such as for use with family and friends. As upward mobility comes to be attached to the standard language, dialects cease to be transmitted to the next generation and eventually stop being spoken.


ϢƼε⻲Ȥ줿

#1786. 츢ȸλࡤλ ([2014-03-18-1])
#3457. ܤξǴ졦 ([2018-10-14-1])
#3666. ΤƤɸѤΤΤƱ ([2019-05-11-1])
#4256. ָλפεåȡ ([2020-12-21-1])

Jones, Mari C. and Ishtla Singh. Exploring Language Change. Abingdon: Routledge, 2005.

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2023-06-10 Sat

#5157. ʤ dialect Ȥ줬16ˤʤäƸ줿Τ [terminology][dialect][standardisation][stigma][prestige][vernacular][voicy][heldio]

dialect ȤѸˤĤơī Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)פǼ夲#740. dialect פθ츻İ



ѸᤰäƤ hellog Ǥ#2752. dialect ȤѸˤĤơ ([2016-11-08-1]) #2753. dialect Ф language ȤѸˤĤơ ([2016-11-09-1]) ǹͤƤ
Ѹˤδ餪⤷Τϡ1Ĥθ͡ʸǤפγǰΤΤΤ褦ΤƤΤΡб dialect ȤѸϡ16ȾФˤʤäƤ褦䤯졤⤽줬ʵŪˤϥꥷ̤뤬˥ե󥹸졦ƥ줫μѸǤȤ¸ΤΤȻפŪʳǰФơŪijäѸݤ dialect Ƥ줿ȤΤ̣
16ȾФȤСѹͥ󥹴ΤޤäʤǤ롥դˤĤƤ⡤ƥ䥮ꥷʤɤθŵϤȤƶĤƤǤ롥ƱȾˤơռޤꡤʥ顼ǤѸŵιߤؾǤŤȤפƤѸɸಽ (standardisation) ϺǤ롥
ҿ (prestige) ΤѸɸ߽ФȤˤƤϡŪ˿ΰҿΤʤɸŪʱѸФƽ (stigma) Υåƥ뤬դ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥Ƥ䤬ơְΤɸפȡܤפȤΩŪʹޤƤ롥
¤Ϥι޼Τϡ߿äְΤƥ졦ꥷСܤʥ顼פǤ롥ȤѸե󥹸ʤɤγƥʥ顼Ȥƻ夲졤ɸ줬Ƥ˵ڤӡΩޤϡְΤɸСܤפؤȥ饤ɤΤǤ롥ǡΩޤθϤΤޤޤǤ뤳ȤդơΩθԡܤפƤ줿Ѹ줬 dialect(s) äȤȤǤϤʤΩ˿Ѹ򤢤ƤäΤ⤷ʤ
פ餢ä dialect Ȥ̾Ϳ褦ȤưŤΤϡޤǥʥ顼ιռιޤäˤʤäƤ顤ȤȤǤϤʤȹͤƤ롥
Ϣơ#2580. Ѹιռʳ ([2016-05-20-1]) vernacular γƵ򻲾ȡ

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2023-03-31 Fri

#5086. 30ǯۤɤαѸֻĬή [spelling][orthography][sociolinguistics][historical_pragmatics][history_of_linguistics][emode][standardisation][variation]

Cordorelli (5) ˤȡľ30ǯۤɤαѸֻ˴ؤŪʸϡ̣ "sociolinguistic" ʤΤä礵Ƥ롥ǰƬ֤Ƥ濴ŪʻϡѸ줫ѸˤƤȻפ롥ʲ˰Ѥ롥

The first studies to investigate orthographic developments in English within a diachronic sociolinguistic framework appeared especially from the late 1990s and the early 2000s . . . . The main focus of these studies was on the diffusion of early standard spelling practices in late fifteenth-century correspondence, the development of standard spelling practices, and the influence of authors' age, gender, style, social status and social networks on orthographic variation. Over the past few decades, book-length contributions with a relatively strong sociolinguistic stance were also published . . . . These titles have touched upon different aspects of spelling patterns and change, providing useful frameworks of analysis and ideas for new angles of research in English orthography.


ǤСֻɸಽ (standardisation) βϡ褦ʤΤǤϤʤ˼ҲŪʥѥ᡼ˤѰۤȼʤ顤ʣŪ˿ʹԤƤȤȤơΤȤ30ǯۤɤθǷ֤ǧƤȤȤˤʤ
ѸˤˤƸ츽ݤѰۤȼäʣŪ˿ܤƤȤϡֻ˸¤äȤǤϤʤǯαѸ˸Ǥϡȯ֡졤äΤ٤Ƥ¦̤ˤơƱݤΤȤ֤ĥƤسǤϤΥ󥻥󥵥äȷ졤ܴۤ夷ƤȤäƤ褤سΰ̤μҲˤϡְαѸˡפȤϤޤĤäƤѸ˸ԤˤϡοѸ˴Ѥ򹭤̤˼Ƥ̳ȹͤ롥
30ǯۤɤαѸֻ򿶤֤äƤߤǤϺϤɤΤ褦ŸƤΤCordorelli ϥԥ塼ѤŪοʼˡ󼨤Ƥ롥1ĤȤܤ٤ߤȻפ

Cordorelli, Marco. Standardising English Spelling: The Role of Printing in Sixteenth and Seventeenth-Century Graphemic Developments. Cambridge: CUP, 2022.

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