NZE ˤϡޥ줫μѸ줬¿äƤ롥̾̾ʤɤθͭ̾Ϥ̸¿ήƤ롥Ѹʸ̮ǥޥѸɤΤ褦ȯ뤫ȤˤĤơBauer (398--99) ̣Ƥ롥
The proper pronunciation of Maori is currently a controversial issue in New Zealand, and it is a subject on which feelings run high. The issue is at heart a political rather than a linguistic one, since it is clear linguistically that there is no good reason to expect native-like Maori pronunciation in words which are being used in English. None the less, it has the linguistic consequence that there is a good deal of variation in the way in which Maori loanwords are pronounced in English, with variants close to native Maori norms at the formal end of the spectrum, and much more Anglicised versions --- sometimes irregularly Anglicised versions --- at the other. To give some idea of the variation this can lead to, I present below a few place-names with a Maori pronunciation and one extreme English pronunciation. Variants are heard anywhere on the continuum between these two extremes.
ʸϤθ˶㤬ĤƤ뤬ȤХޥǥ˥塼ɤɽ魯 Aotearoa ĹϡˤϡޥȯǤ /aːɔtɛːaɾɔa/ ȤʤꡤȯѸüԤ⤤С鴰˱Ѹ첽 /eɪətiəˈɹəʊə/ ȤȯԤ⤤롥ޤ2ĤξˤȤơŪȯ¿ȤΤ顤ɤη㤷롥
ɤطʤˤϡѸȥޥβηϤκۡޥΥƥ饷ǥؤθޥؤΩ֤פ졤ײ衦Ωʤɡ͡ʸŪƤʤҲŪװѤƤΤȯ1ĤȤäƤ⡤üԤ٤Ω줬ǻȿǤƤǽȤȤ
ʤޥɽݤֻϡ1830ǯȾ1840ǯޤǤˤɸಽƤȤ (Bauer 398) ճᤫäΤʡȤݤ
Bauer L. "English in New Zealand." The Cambridge History of the English Language. Vol. 5. Ed. Burchfield R. Cambridge: CUP, 1994. 382--429.
˥塼ɱѸˤĤƤϡ#1799. New Zealand ˤѸˡ ([2014-03-31-1])#402. Southern Hemisphere Shift ([2010-06-03-1])#278. ˥塼ɤˤޥγ ([2010-01-30-1]) ޤ new_zealand_english εǼ夲ƤϺǶᤪ A History of the English Language in 100 Places 52 "WAITANGI --- the English Language in New Zealand (1840)" ꡤNew Zealand English ΥᥤˤĤƤβɤߤ (129--31)
On 6 February 1840, at Waitangi, Aoteoroa, Maori chiefs signed a treaty with the representatives of the British government. The Maori were agreeing to permanent white settlement in their islands. The treaty of Waitangi signalled the moment when the British, not the French, asserted possession of what was renamed New Zealand; it was also the moment when English was destined to become the dominant European language of Aotearoa.
After 1840, European migration to New Zealand came almost exclusively from the British Isles. A census in 1871 showed that of these various migrants, 51 per cent came from England, 27 per cent from Scotland, 22 per cent from Ireland. The majority spoke regional dialects unlike the upper-class English of the colony's administrators. That division shaped linguistic attitudes and accents until the 1960s at least. At the same time, the Maori language provided many terms for local animals, plants and landscape features.
The proportions of the 1871 census suggest the founding elements of New Zealand English, but they do not take account of the fact that there was a continuous movement back and forth between New Zealand and Australia. Some 6 per cent of the 1871 white population was born in Australia, and very large numbers of those who came from the British Isles first landed in Australia before deciding to move to New Zealand. Australian English had then --- and continues to have --- a strong influence. . . .
As in Australia, school inspectors, administrators and leaders of opinion complained from the beginning about the kind of English that they found widespread in New Zealand. A major complaint was that many New Zealanders said 'in', not 'ing', a the ends of words; they added and dropped 'h's improperly; and generally sounded Cockney.
New Zealand linguists challenged the idea that there were large numbers of Londoners among the immigrants to New Zealand. Moreover, within England and the Empire, Cockney was the accent most disliked by upper-class English speakers, and there was a tendency to label any disliked accent as Cockney. Arguing for a levelling of the nineteenth-century English, Irish and Scottish immigrant dialects, New Zealand linguists claim that a distinctive voice appeared about 1900 and spread rapidly through the country. It was initially noted in derogatory terms as a colonial drawl or twang. However, modern-day New Zealanders have homogenized their speech, eroding the once unacceptable drawl as well as the once superior vowels.
˥塼ɱѸϡѸüԤΥꥹͳν١ȤĤĤ⡤ϤηȤƤΥȥꥢѸαƶꡤΥޥθä¿Ѥʤ麮ƤȥꥢѸƱͤˡ̤ Cockney αƶζѼȤߤ뤳Ȥ¿ϡCockney ɸŪʽѼפȤ绨Ĥ˴ŤǤǽ⤤˥塼ɤǤϡ20ˤޤǤ˹ԤʤƤ͡Ѽ郎ʿˤĤʤ˥塼ɤ餷ѸѼ郎ޤƤȹͤ롥

Lucas, Bill and Christopher Mulvey. A History of the English Language in 100 Places. London: Robert Hale, 2013.
ε#1798. Australia ˤѸˡ ([2014-03-30-1]) ³Fennell (247) ڤ Svartvik and Leech (105--10) ˰͵ϥ˥塼ɤαѸˤάҤ롥

ȥꥢȰۤʤꡤ˥塼ɤϼήϤǤϤʤˤ⤺äȻ֤äCaptain Cook (1728--79) ϡ1769ǯȥꥢã˥˥塼ɤˬƤϤϡʤȤ600ǯʾΤ轻Υޥ (Maori) ˤ꽻ޤƤꡤAotearoa ȸƤФƤ1790ǯˤϥ衼åѿͤ侦ͤ褷1814ǯˤ붵դ轻̱ؤ۶ϤꥹͤˤܳŪʴͿ19ȾФǤ롥1840ǯꥹܤϥޥ²Ĺȥ磻 (Treaty of Waitangi) ӡ˥塼ɤʻ礷ΰ̱2,100ͤä1850ǯޤǤˤο25,000ͤä1900ǯޤǤˤ25ͤΰ̱˥塼ɤϤäƤʸߤο400ͤۤɡˡäˤϥåȥɰ̱¿Ben Nevis, Invercargill, Dunedin ʤɤ̾ˤκפǻĤƤ롥1861ǯζۤȯˤꥪȥꥢͤʤɰ̱κ⤢äˤϥȥꥢѼ˻̤äƤϤΤȼѼ郎ΩƤ
˥塼ɱѸμ礿ħϡޥ줫˭٤ʼѸˤ롥˥塼ɱѸ1000Τ6줬ޥ쵯Ȥ⤤롥㤨Сڤ̾Ȥ kauri, totara, rimuĻ̾Ȥ kiwi, tui, moa, ̾Ȥ tarakihi, moki ʤɤ롥Τ褦ʼѸ˭٤ϡޥ줬1987ǯѸ¤ǸѸϰ̤Ϳ졤Ū˿ޤƤ뤳ȤȤ̵ǤϤʤʡ#278. ˥塼ɤˤޥγ ([2010-01-30-1]) ȡˡ˥塼ɱѸμȤơThe Dictionary of New Zealand English The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary Ȥ줿
˥塼ɿͤϡȥꥢͤ٤ơꥹͤФƶΰռꥫͤФȿȤ롥RP (Received Pronunciation) ΰҿ⺬ŪʷѲƤƤꡤ㤤ǤϥꥫѸαƶ
˥塼ɤθˤĤƤϡEthnologue New Zealand ȡ
Fennell, Barbara A. A History of English: A Sociolinguistic Approach. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2001.
Svartvik, Jan and Geoffrey Leech. English: One Tongue, Many Voices. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. 144--49.
ENL ΰ New Zealand ǡ40ǯۤɡ轻̱ޥθ Maori ƤƤ롥
ǯθ¿ΰռιޤȤȤˡϰξɸ줬ư̤Ƴˤ뤬Welsh ¤̾㤬 Maori Ǥ롥ȤƸưθɤˤΤƤ줫ưϤ褦ȤˤɤΤ褦άΩƤ٤̤θʬƤͤˤ٤ȤϤޤǤʤ
In the case of the Maori of New Zealand, a different cluster of factors seems to have been operative, involving a strong ethnic community involvement since the 1970s, a long-established (over 150 years) literacy presence among the Maori, a government educational policy which has brought Maori courses into schools and other centres, such as the kohanga reo ('language nests'), and a steadily growing sympathy from the English-speaking majority. Also to be noted is the fact that Maori is the only indigenous language of the country, so that it has been able to claim the exclusive attention of those concerned with language rights. (Crystal 128--29)
Maori ξˤϡ(1) ޥγθǤ붦Ʊΰռ(2) ޥμι⤵(3) ܤιŪʶ(4) Ϥ¿ɤǤѸüԤ(5) ¾ξɸ줬¸ߤʤȡȤҲŪ郎Ф餷äƤ뤳ȤˤĤʤäƤ褦
[2010-01-26-1]εǿ줿褦ˡ100ǯ3000θ줬Ǥ뤪줬뤳ȤͤȤ¿ˤĤƤΤ褦ʹǽ˾Ū(1) (4) ΰռפʬˤϰߤδ˾ΤǤϤʤʬȡ츦˷ȤԤȤơ˾ǤǤФȹͤ롥
ľܤ˱Ѹ˴ؤǤϤʤαѸΤͤǡȤδطмषƤȤ linguistic ecology δפCrystal (32, 94, 98) ˤСǶ ecology of language ecolinguistics ȤǰƤƤꡤˤ֥פλ夬褷ĤĤ褦
Crystal, David. Language Death. Cambridge: CUP, 2000.
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