#6278. ֵKKH --- رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åȯ1ǯǰΥ饤̡ ([2026-07-05-1]) ˤȤꡤ618رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åʸҡˤԤ1ǯȤʤꡤ630ˤʪƲرѸ츻ϥɥ֥åץȯ䤵ޤʥץѤϸiOS 桼Τߡˡ
Τ褦ܤΥߥˡǡץǤʤ餴ѤƤإӡ桼ˡ1ǯ֥ϥɥ֥åѤδۤФȤݤǡVoicy heldio ̲ꤷޤʲϡheldio ǤϤߤ Taku ʳءˤˤꤤޤ714 heldio #1871. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ʺǡץǡˤλѴإӡ桼γʹƤߤޤȤۿƤޤΤǡꤪİʲ̲ݤǤ
̤ƬǤϡȤäƤ⥢ץǤоˤäƸŪ˸夷Ȥ礭Ȥʤޤ note ǥϥɥ֥å˵ɮƤߡϡǤΤߤǤϽǤμɮκݤؤ뤳Ȥä褦ǤץǤƳˤäƤĤǤɤǤ⻲ȤǤ褦ˤʤꡤޤˡɬȤνפȤƻȤݤƤȤΤȤǤʪƲΥץ餷رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤Ĵ٤ˤΤޤޥåפǡإ˥¼ŵ٤Τ褦¾μإݥȥפǤ뻲ȵǽ䡤ʸΡ֥ˡ§פȤäѸ줫Ϣսľ٤른ǽβŬˤĤƤǮäƤޤˡǥʤǤϤȤơɽ䵭ҤΤޤޥԥڤ note λȤȤƼФ⡤ȥץåȤ³桼ˤȤäƤϤؤͭפΤ褦Ǥ
Фξ֤ǸݤΡʸǽפζϤˤĤƤϡ顤ϤʸΥɤޤǰäΤǡʤȤʤդˤäȤܤǤõ䤹ʹ֤εͥͤǤ롤ȤμŪɾޤ¤ϻ伫Ȥ Android 桼Ǥ뤿ᡤޤץǤθǤƤʤɤĤĤ⡤⤷Τ褦رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤Τߤʤ餺رѸ츻ŵ٤ΤۤǤС̤¿椨˴ˡָ츻οפȴФʤʤä»ҤˤʤäƤޤΤǤϤʤȡ⤾äȤ褦ᤰ餻Ǥ
ޤѸ춵դȤƤλˡʥӥ塼ƤäΤ ari Ǥari ϡ̤ͳ˳ǤŪ˲äܥϥɥ֥å˺ܤäƤ뤫ɤʬȤäƤŪϰϤ뤤Ϥʾμ̣ΰƧ߹Ǥ뤫ˤ뤿λФȤƳѤƤȤޤˡνŹᤰäƺǤ23ʤɤξȼĴƤи顤ץǤǤФɤˤƤ˺ǿεҤ긵ϤȤ٤ΥåȤŦޤ
ǡץǤΰ䤹ΩİǡǤͭβͤˤĤƤ蘆ޤyuz ϡ-fy ʤɤñǿԤˤǤΤŻҤʤǤϤγڤȤ˥åʻȤҲ𤵤ޤ yuz ·ΤϡѥѥȤʤ;˽ߤƤȤܤʤǤϤλȤϤΤ褵Ǥϥɥ֥åϡŪʸ츻ŵȰäƴ1000˹ʤɤʪȤƺƤ뤿ᡤǽ餫饢ץ⡤ǤäɤΤΥͥåȥƬƤ饢ץʸѤۤΤ꤬ߤ꿼´ǤΤ⤷ʤȴޤ
ޤͤϡܥϥɥ֥åɤळȤǽΤäμο --- Ȥ winter ĤƤǯʺСˤñ̤ǤäȤ䡤have catch ¤ƱǤ뤳Ȥʤ --- Ū˵졤Ф줳ܸǤʤ⡤ĤȲΤĤʤˤäƱѸˤοߤؤΤʹΥˤʤäƤȤδȤޤȤΩ줫رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤ߹Ǥ߷⡤ͭάμɤȤ쿴ƳߺդŸΤܥϥɥ֥åǤꡤξԤ٤뤳ȤǸäΤĤʤ꤬ɤƤȤɾޤ
̤Ȥơorangemorishita ϡμŵˤ쥤Ȥδ٤ŻҲݤΥΥϥ䡤Τεǽ̤ѡȤɬƲϷ㤬ʤˤȤäƤγ絡ǽΤ꤬ߤˤĤƤ桼⥢ƸäƤޤ
ȤƤϡʲ Taku ԿؤλפƱҺǤȥץǤξơ줾ħ褫ƻȤݤƤȤȤ˿Ԥޤ
ơرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٥ץǤ̾3,800ߤΤȤȯ3֡Ĥޤ721ʲСˤޤǤϡֽ֡פȤơ2,800ߡ26%աˤȤˤʤäƤޤεˡҥץǤΥϥɥ֥åꤤȤݤƤФȻפޤʤξܺ٤ɤ
ǡץǤȤˤɤޤ褦ꤤޤ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

725ڡ 15:30--17:00 ˡǯ4ܤȤʤī㡼ɶǤΥ饤ֺ¤ޤǯ٤³Ƥ륷˾äȤԻĤʱñפȤƤ̻16ܤιֵȤʤޤking õäƸűѸ츶ʸءꤷơʪñޤ
Ѹ king ϰ츫ѤǤѸˡ츻ؤδ餽ˤɳȡ¤˥ʥߥåDZäƤޤιֺ¤Ǥϡ3Ĥڤ餳Ρֲפ̣ñɤƤޤ
1ΥݥȤϡ캬 *gen(e)- ߽Ф빭ʸäǤ¤ king ϡkin ʿ²ˤ kind ʼࡨڤʡˤʤɤȶ̤礭ʸ캬̤ǤĤΤ褦ˡرѸ츻ŵ رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å ʤɤεҤͤ碌ʤ顤캬ˤޤ̤ñβ²ΤĤʤįƤޤ -ing ˤˤĤƤꤷޤդϡرѸ츻ŵɤֺ¤˶ᤤƤȤʤޤ
2ΥݥȤϡűѸ˲ֲֳפαŪʣ졤륱˥ (kenning) ǤűѸαͺإ٥ա (beowulf) ʤɤȡñ cyning "king" θűѸˤȸƤ֤Ǥʤֻؤԡ (bēagġyfa) ֲͧ (goldwine) ȤäŪʿɽƤޤʸŪॽϤ¿̤ʸḁ̈Ϥ̣襤ޤ
3ΥݥȤϡking դθƱñθѲǤʤ king queen ϥΥޥʹߤ̤ΥեѸȤ֤줺Ĥ뤳ȤǤΤȤˤޤޤĤƤθűѸֻ <c> Ѹ <k> ؤѲ䡤ɡβDzȤäֻȯΥʥߥåѲˤĤƤ⤷ޤ
ֵθȾˤϡԲϻϲͭˡظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ʸҡ2026ǯ˽θűѸ컶ʸŪȡإǯ嵭٤ꡤեå粦 (King Alfred) ǡ͡ʥˤȤ襤Ƥ륷ûȴʬɤǤߤޤǫ˲⤷ƤޤΤǡűѸ鿴ԤǤ⿴פޤޤǽǤʤƤֵǴϢսѤޤΤǤ¿
ֺ¤ξܺ٤ȤߤϡīθڡʤʹߤƤϼ̤Ǥ
ƴ22026ǯ822ˡ˾äȤԻĤʱñ --- "riddle" õäƸűѸ츶ʸ
ƴ32026ǯ926ˡ˾äȤԻĤʱñ --- "through" õäѸ츶ʸ
ιֺ¤ˤĤޤƤ⡤¿μ֤ԤƤޤ
Բ ϲ ͭظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ҡ2026ǯ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ
߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ
³ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable 6ǡˤ helwa Ǯ֤1ʸIJ˶ƤĶɲμ¶ϿǤVoicy heldio ۿϢưʤ顤̾ιԴ֤Ωˤ©Ƹߤ³Ƥޤ
ī heldio ǿǤϡ64 "Influence of The Benedictine Reform on English" ȤʤȾʬ (p. 85) ɤϤƤޤ⡤ɤΥϡhelwa/heldio ߥ˥ƥ˷礫ʤإᥤȤǤꡤƱ֤Ǥ Taku ʳءˤǤ
ޤǤ˸Ƥ褦ˡ٥ͥǥȲ״˱ѸήƥѸ¿ϡܤ̤Ƴ줿ʪŪؽŪѸǤΥåȤȤʤʸǤϡñ줬θűѸθηϤˤƤɤΤ褦ʰ֤ŤˤäΤʸŪʻѻɤΤ褦ꡦꤹ٤ʤΤȤơޤޤƥΤޤѤƤ괰ƱʤäñΥꥹȤįʤ顤ʸۤɤΤ褦˲᤹٤Ȥʸؤ˸ؤˡ˴ؤˤޤƧ߹ǵƤޤҤդ礤
It would be possible to extend these lists considerably by including words that were taken over in their foreign form and not assimilated. Such words as epactas, corporale, confessores, columba (dove), columne, cathedra, catacumbas, apostata, apocalipsin, acolitus, absolutionem, invitatorium, unguentum, cristalla, cometa, bissexte, bibliothece, basilica, adamans, and prologus show at once by their form their foreign character. Although many of them were later reintroduced into the language, they do not constitute an integral part of the vocabulary at this time. In general, the later borrowings of the Christian period come through books. An occasional word assigned to this later period may have been in use earlier, but there is nothing in the form to indicate it, and in the absence of any instance of its use in the literature before Alfred it is safer to put such borrowings in the latter part of the Old English period.
B&C ĶɥβΥؤϡ#5291. heldio ΡֱѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤץĴ˿ʤǤޤ ([2023-10-22-1]) 饢ǤޤҲޤƤİˤʤꡤܽɤ̤ơ˭ʤѸˤƧƤС

Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2013.
δϢ ([2026-06-19-1]) ˰³Voicy heldio μϿηȤʤ顤Ѹˤ̾Baugh and Cable Υƥȡ6ǡˤhelwa λֹ⤭֤ȤȤŰŪɤƤεϿϤޤǮդɽβΤޤޤϤ heldio ۿϡʥꥹʡγα˻٤ơäȤǤϤޤĴ˿ʤǤޤ
īۿ heldio ǿǤϡ³64ɤʤƤޤΥ֥ϤβۿȥƤȤʤޤ⡤helwa/heldio Υߥ˥ƥǮ夲ƤäƤإᥤȤǤꡤꥹʡ Taku ʳءˤˡɤɤƤޤ
heldio ۿ#1846. ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤ (64-1) with Taku --- helwa 齻ղǤϡ٥ͥǥȲפ⤿餷طΥƥѸ˾ƤޤϤˤγ¦˹ʪŪؽŪʸäؤޤűѸμѸȤСꥹȶȼŪŪʥƥѸ줬۵ޤ٥ͥǥȲ״˥ƥ줫ήäϤȤϰ褷ƤޤƳؽŪѸ줬ΩĤ褦ˤʤΤǤɤΥåȤȤʤäʸʲ˷Ǥޤ (p. 85) ʪ̾Ѹ졤ưʪ̾Τʤɡμ餬ܤ̤Ƴäο̣襤ޤ
But we miss the group of words relating to everyday life characteristic of the earlier period. Literary and learned words predominate. Of the former kind are accent, brief (the verb), decline (as a term of grammar), history, paper, pumice, quatern (a quire or gathering of leaves in a book), and term(inus), title. A great number of plant names are recorded in this period. Many of them are familiar only to readers of old herbals. Some of the better known include celandine, centaury, coriander, cucumber, ginger, hellebore, lovage, periwinkle, petersili (parsley), and verbena.9 A few names of trees might be added, such as cedar, cypress, fig, laurel, and magdala (almond).10 Medical terms, like cancer, circulādl (shingles), paralysis, scrofula, plaster, and words relating to the animal kingdom, like aspide (viper), camel, lamprey, scorpion, and tiger, belong apparently to the same category of learned and literary borrowings.
9 A number of interesting words of this class have not survived in modern usage, such as aprotane (wormwood), armelu (wild rue), caric (dry fig), elehtre (lupin), mānrūfie (horehound), nepte (catnip), pollegie (pennyroyal), and hymele (hop-plant).
10 Most of these words were apparently bookish at this time and had to be reintroduced later from French.
B&C ĶɥβפˤĤƤϡ٤ƥ夵ƤꡤĤǤХåʥС˥ǽǤƲؤΥʥӥϡ#5291. heldio ΡֱѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤץĴ˿ʤǤޤ ([2023-10-22-1]) Ķɥ̤Ū줿ϡܽ긵ˤѰդξ塤βƻ٤θ̣äƤйǤˡ֤İǤʤʬ̤䥪饤θӹǥꥢ륿˵ؤ˲äꤿפȤǮ̤ϡ Voicy ΥץߥꥹʡۿͥǤֱѸˤ (helwa)ؤΤäƤ800ߡ̵Υ֥Ǥ

Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2013.
#6265. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åٴԤ1ǯ --- ɽκǿǤ ([2026-06-22-1]) ͽ𤷤Ƥ褦ˡϥɥ֥å3̾߷ͧɹδˤ1ǯǰȤʤ2026ǯ618˥饤ǽ礷ֵKKHפĤġܽˤĤƸ礤ޤ
Ť̤ͻҤϿƤޤԤǤ60ʬͥĶĹȤʤäΤǡԤȸԤʬ Voicy heldio ˤƸޤǻ̩̤ȤʤäƤޤ֤ΤȤˤäꤪİС
#1861. ԡ˵KKH --- رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åȯ1ǯǰ74ۿ
#1862. ʸԡ˵KKH --- رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åȯ1ǯǰ75ۿ
ԤǤϡ1ǯ֤ɼԤ Amazon ӥ塼ǴƤۤĤҲ𤷤Ĥġ3ͤǥϥɥ֥åγˡյˤĤƲƵޤ
Ԥ⡤Amazon ӥ塼夲ƥȥХåȤϤޤޤ3ͤεʡǻˤʤäƤޤΡֱѸˤǤפȤȯäƤ줿߷äɤɤ⤷ŸƤ졤˾ֱͤѸˡ߱Ѹ춵ˤޤȯŸƤ줿ǡ礭äƤޤ̤Υϥɥ֥åɼԤˤȤäƤϤѸ춵طˤ⼨ΤƤȤʤäƤȻפޤޤޤɽˤϽФʤѸ˸ԤλˤĤƤ⤪˸ޤΤǡʤ˵Ť̤ȤʤäƤΤǤϤʤȹͤƤޤºݡ3ͼȤ̤˳ڤळȤǤޤ
1ǯ֡¿ɼԤγˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤͡ʳ٤餴ոꡤϥɥ֥å˴ŤƴϢ붵䵭ʤɤΥƥĤƤޤҺ³ѡɤϥɥ֥åβͤƤäƤ
Ǹ˽פʤΤ餻Ǥ630ˡʪƲܽΥץ꤬ȯ䤵ޤʪƲΥץѤǤΤ iOS 桼ΤߤȤʤޤϥɥ֥åץǤǤ褦ˤʤޤ̾ʤ3,800ߤǤȯ3֤ϡֽ֡פȤʤäƤꡤ֤βʤ2,800ߤȡ26%աˤȤʤäƤޤεˡҥץǤΥϥɥ֥å⤴ѤФȻפޤܺ٤ɤ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ
628ֱѸˤδ֤ˡϤ褦ʳƮƤ֥ͭإᥤȤˤ֥ޥ Helvillian 7ޤ̻21Ȥʤޤ
Υåԡϡ֤ޤޤ³#ʤ helȡפǤ610Ф줿رѸˤDzʸˡ --- ʤ֣ñ sפĤΤNHKǿˤ˴Ϣ뵭Ǯ絭˰³̤ԤƤޤ
ޤ ykagata ˤɽΤȤСפƤߤޤ礦ⳤᤰιεȤȤˡɥĸ "Straße von Hormus" ʥۥॺˤѸ street бȤ̣ŸƤƤޤ֥ȥȡפȸƤָŪʤ⤷ιμ´ȷӤĤɮפϤǤykagata ¾ˤ֡θűѸ̾ɽ stān ǻϤޤܡϤޤʤܡפʤɡѸˤľܡܤ˴ؤ̥Ūʵ¿ƤƤޤ
μܵĤƥ̤˾Ҳ𤷤Ƥޤ礦
ȤäƤ⺣Τפ濴ϡؤʤ٤Ǥari ˤֱѻҤפϡʤΥ桼⥢ȥΥŽ̤줿4̡ǡؤʤ٤ΥåǤȤƤδԤޤäƤޤGrace Ρ֡ؤʤܷδפϡŹǤηŪʡ־ʡפνִ֤øФ¿ΥꥹʡޤͶʥɥдδספФޤ umisio ϡֹפꤷơȤˡ3ñ sפ˵ʤäͳ겼륷ϢܤƤޤ
פǮǤøȳؤӤʤ쥮顼ؤεƤޤɽʤlistener kawakami ˤPrologue to Eneydos ɤॷפǤCaxton ΰѤȱѸˤοʥ뤳ιɤϢܤϡԽѰ umisio ơ⤫줿Ƭ䤷Ƥ롤ɤηкѳظιֵΤ褦פȸ路ۤɤΥȤʤäƤޤ伫Ȥ⡤Ȥδ顤줬ŤѸɥˤʤäƤΤɾƤޤ
츻䥯ʬɴǤmozhi gengo ϡBeryl Ʊ츻ܸϡפҥǥμѸ쥳ʤɡŪμ̤ȼοŸƤޤlacolaco ˤֱѸ츻ŵɥΡ Dפϡ¤ߤʤ뿦͵δդǤرѸ츻ŵ٤ɤäꡤޤޤͭޤäƤޤsorami ΡѸ츻פϡعμȤǤ˻ȤŪƤȤ줿ꥻѤ餺äƤޤ
ˡԤǤαѸ˹ֺ¤Τʤǽ줿 kendama_player Ǯ䡤ޤͤˤ֥ղۡפȡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å1ǯǰγڶʡԵ§ưסߡˤ־ȳؤֱѸˡץʤɡϰˤhelΥꥢ©äƤޤ״֤ΡܸͳΰرѸפȤ餷ͿƤޤ
Ρ֤ߡפǤϡGrace 齻ղ helwa 3ǯεפ줤ˤޤȤƤޤ umisio ˤԽ嵭פϡ¿ͤǮ̤桼⥢äפ礷ƤƤޤ
ǸˤʤޤԤ߾夲ƤäԽѰ Lilimi Galois Grace umisio ˤϿդޤơ餷ƥĤƤƤäإᥤȤγ⡤ˤ꤬Ȥޤ
hellog ɼԤγ⡤ҤǮ Helvillian 7Υڡˬơạ̈äƤߤƤơʬhel̤Υ֥ޥ˺ܤƤߤѸˤؤ˲äꤿȻפ줿ϡ Voicy ץߥꥹʡۿֱͥѸˤ (helwa)ؤλäƤФȻפޤhelwa ˤˤʤäִ֤顤ʤإᥤȤǤ˱Ѹˤδ֤ϤƤޤ礦
Ѹˤưhel (helkatsu) μդ¤ǮʤäƤޤܥ֥ǤܤȤƤӤӾҲ𤷤Ƥheldio/helwa ΥꥹʡǥإᥤȤ lacolaco ֱѸ츻ŵɥΡȡˤơܲ D ιܤҤäƤޤ
ä٤ϡΰŪʷ³ϤΤߤʤ餺˹줿helץԥåȤοʲˤޤǿ2Ĥεʤ613 desire -- desk620 despite, develop, device ɤǮʤޤ
κǿ2ˤơlacolaco ϵŤͭѤʡߤϤƤޤԤǤ desk ԤǤ device ץȤƼ夲رѸ츻ŵٽ鿴Ԥ˸ơƱŵɤǫ˲⤷ƤƤΤǤƱŵͭ絭桤άΡʤɤ1ĤҤȤĤˤޤǤꡤ줬̣ƤΤߺդƤ륻ϡرѸ츻ŵ٤ͭƤʤ⡤ŪƻȤʤƤʤä¿ˤȤäʡȤʤϤǤ
ϡ1ۤ hellog #6232. رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤߤʤ褦ˤʤꤿء ([2026-05-20-1]) ˤƤΡlacolaco ˤ븫ʥ˥֤ǤꡤǤΩġ֤ΤۤإͥפθҥǤȤʤä褦ˡرѸ츻ŵ٤ǹμŵǤʤ顤ɼԤβͤܳŪ˵뤿ˤϡɤ߲μۤɤפɤƤɬפǤޤˤΥåפηŪʥɤ1ͤΥإᥤȤ note ǡۤɥϥ٥ʷǼ¸Ƥ줿櫓Ǥ줾κͯ夬helǤꡤhel襳ߥ˥ƥΤĤʤ꤬̼¤Ǥ
ǫʲϡƱŵ̥ϤȰϤδ֤Ϥ餷ƧȤʤϤǤ̤αѸؽԤγˤȤɤޤ餺ƱŵνǸǤ븦ҤϤᡤѸˤθ桦˷ȤδطԤγˤ⡤礤ܤƤŪʻߤǤ lacolaco ΥΡȤˬ䤷رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤ̣ɤƤߤƤ
߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ

618Ǯȯ䤫礦1ǯޤ뤳ȤȤʤޤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ʸҡˤǤ
Ԥ1ǯФ꤬Ȥ˽ǤŤͤƤޤȼɽθҸHPƤޤǿǤ2026ǯ617˹줿ΤȤʤޤΤǡ긵νҤȹ碌ƤǧйǤ
ˡܽǸڤƤ¤4083ñ졦ɽ夷ɲûȤƥɤǤ褦ˤʤäƤޤθҸHPEXCELեPDFեȤǤޤǿǤƱ2026ǯ617դǸƤޤκѤ뤳ȤǡܽϰعޤϤǤκѤȡʤȤǽȤʤޤҡ#6084. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤κ⤭ ([2025-12-23-1]) εɤߤ
ǿΥޤᡤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤˴ؤƼϡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤HP˽ƤޤΤǡˬƤС
1ǯ֡ɼԤγμˤäơ¤ˤ⤷¿ͤʡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥åٴϢƥĤƤޤ餷ưפ⡤嵭HP˰ȤƤޤȤƤޤǮ̤ˤæ˹ФǤ
ϢƥĤ夬ˤĤƤϡ620 Voicy heldio ۿ#1847. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åȯ1ǯ --- ɼԤγˤϢƥĤǤܤäƤޤ1ǯεǰˡҹ碌Ƥİ
ʤ1ǯǰȤʤ618ˤϡ3̾饤ǰƲ˲ֵKKYפŤޤͻҤ϶ heldio ˤƥޤΤǡԤ
رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ءرѸˤDz ʸˡ --- ʤ֣ñ sפĤΤ١NHKǿȤȤˡ¿ο͡ˤȤäƱѸˤؤΥǤ³뤳ȤäƤޤ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

1ָ627ڡ 15:30--17:00 ˡǯ٤3ܤȤʤī㡼ɶǤΥ饤ֺ¤ޤǯ٤³Ƥ륷˾äȤԻĤʱñפ̻15ƤȤȤǡϡghost õäƸűѸ츶ʸءפꤷơˤʤñ ghost ꤷƤޤ
Ѹ ghost κǤ̤θϡͩפǤ͡ǤϤФжƤ롤ԻĤ¸ߤǤϹ (spirit) ɽ路Τ̿ѥɽ路Ƥޤˤβǰ̣ν̾äȤˤʤޤꥹȶΡפ the Holy Spirit ȸޤŤ the Holy Ghost ȸ줿Τ⡤ηаޤȴطƤޤ
ޤȯֻδⶽ̣¤ޤűѸѸǤ gast Τ褦ֻ̤Ǥ첻Ȥ ā ȤĹ첻äƤΤǤȤǤ /oʊ/ Ȥ2첻ˤʤäƤޤ͡ޤѸʹߡɤȤʤֻ <h> ʸʶߡǤ ghost ȤʤäƤޤֺ͡¤Ǥϡ<gh> Ȥֻ͡ˤƤȻפäƤޤ¾ưȤƤ ghostͩ (ghost_word) ꡤ ghost θ츻ΤˤƤޤ
ֺ¤θȾˤϡܥΡָŤѸθʸ̣臘ݤ˱äơԲϻϲͭˡظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ʸҡ2026ǯűѸΤʤ˼ºݤ˸ "ghost" Ƥߤޤǫ˲⤷ޤΤǡűѸ鿴Ԥ⿴̵ѤǤޤǽǤʤƤֺ»ȤդޤΤǤ¿
ֺ¤ξܺ٤Ȥߤϡīθڡ
ʤβƴΥơޤƤޤƴ⥷³Ƥޤξܺ١ߤΥڡɤ
ƴ12026ǯ725ˡ˾äȤԻĤʱñ --- "king" õäƸűѸ츶ʸ
ƴ22026ǯ822ˡ˾äȤԻĤʱñ --- "riddle" õäƸűѸ츶ʸ
ƴ32026ǯ926ˡ˾äȤԻĤʱñ --- "through" õäѸ츶ʸ
ιֺ¤ˤĤޤƤ⡤¿μ֤ԤƤޤ
ʰʲ嵭2026/06/22(Mon)
ιֺ¤ˤĤƤ Voicy heldio ǤƤޤ#1849. 627ڡˤīֺ¤ ghost İ
Բ ϲ ͭظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ҡ2026ǯ
߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ
˰³Ѹˤ̾Baugh and Cable Υƥȡ6ǡˤhelwa λֹ⤭֤ŰŪ祤ȤƤĶɲפεϿǤǮդ븽βΤޤޤϤ Voicy heldio ۿ⡤ޤ©Ĺ³Ƥޤ
īۿ heldio ǿǤϡƬɤϤƤޤ#1846. ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤ (64-1) with Taku --- helwa 齻ղ ǤΥ֥Ϥκǿ̩ܤ˥¶ѤȤʤޤ
⡤helwa/heldio Υߥ˥ƥǮ夲ƤäƤץإᥤȤǤꡤꥹʡ Taku https://www.ntu.ac.jp/research/kyoin/kodomo/gakoukyouiku/kaneta_t.html">ʳءˤˡͤȤɤɤƤޤ
ơϤ褤 "Influence of The Benedictine Reform on English" ꤵ줿ޤޤɤäƤ֥٥ͥǥȲספȤŪ꤬ͤºݤαѸθäˤɤΤ褦Ѳ⤿餷ΤŪʼѸ (loan_word) ΥꥹȤȤȤ˸ڤƤȤˤʤޤɤΥåȤȤʤäʸʲ˷ǤޤBaugh and Cable, pp. 84--85ˡ64Ƭ顤褽30ʬƷ6ʸκ˶Ƥޤ
The influence of Latin upon the English language rose and fell with the fortunes of the church and the state of learning so intimately connected with it. As a result of the renewed literary activity just described, a new series of Latin importations took place. These differed somewhat from the earlier Christian borrowings in being words of a less popular kind and expressing more often ideas of a scientific and learned character. They are especially frequent in the works of Ælfric and reflect not only the theological and pedagogical nature of his writings but also his classical tastes and attainments. His literary activity and his vocabulary are equally representative of the movement. As in the earlier Christian borrowings, a considerable number of words have to do with religious matters: alb, Antichrist, antiphoner, apostle, canticle, cantor, cell, chrism, cloister, collect, creed, dalmatic, demon, dirge, font, idol, nocturn, prime, prophet, sabbath, synagogue, troper.
B&C ĶɥβפˤĤƤϡ٤ƥ夵ƤꡤĤǤХåʥС˥ǽǤƲؤΥʥӥϡ#5291. heldio ΡֱѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤץĴ˿ʤǤޤ ([2023-10-22-1]) ϥ֤ȤƤѤѸˤΥޥŪ줿ϡܽ긵ˤѰդξ塤βƻ٤˿ɽθ̣äƤйǤˡ֤İǤʤʬ̤䥪饤θӹǥꥢ륿˵ؤ˲äꤿפȤǮ̤ϡ Voicy ΥץߥꥹʡۿͥǤֱѸˤ (helwa)ؤΤäƤŪʤפȤ˳ڤ֤ĤǤ⤪ԤƤޤ

Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2013.
ѸˤؤּԤˤȤäƤΥХ֥Ȥ Baugh and Cable ̾6ǡˤhelwa λֹ⤭СȤȤ1ʸġʤʡ1줺ġˤäɤ߲ƤĶɲפȾŪʥڡǽŤͤƤޤǻ̩ɽζΤޤޤϤ Voicy heldio βۿ⡤Ťз³ǤϤ3ǯвᤷޤߤ¤˿ʤǤꡤߤ63θȾƤޤ
ī heldio ˤơκǿۿޤ#1845. ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤ (63-7) with Taku --- helwa 齻ղǤΥ֥ϤβۿȤäϢưǤΥåץǡȤȤʤޤ
⡤heldio/helwa ߥ˥ƥإᥤȤǤꥳꥹʡ Taku ʳءˤˡʥӥȤɤ϶ɤƤޤ˽ޤä̾ΥȤȤˡƥȤαŪطʤ굯褦ʡĤʤΥǥפɤߤǽ֤Ȥʤޤ
ɽǥåȤȤʸʲޤBaugh and Cable, pp. 83--84) 63˶ᤤս꤫顤褽40ʬλ֤Ʒ6ʸ̩ɤ߲Ƥޤ10ȾΥ٥ͥǥȲפαѸ˾ΰյǽƤ
One of the objects of special concern in this work of rehabilitation was the improvement of education---the establishment of schools and the encouragement of learning among the monks and the clergy. The results were distinctly gratifying. By the close of the century the monasteries were once more centers of literary activity. Works in English for the popularizing of knowledge were prepared by men who thus continued the example of King Alfred, and manuscripts both in Latin and the vernacular were copied and preserved. It is significant that the four great codices in which the bulk of Old English poetry is preserved date from this period. We doubtless owe their existence to the reform movement.
B&C ɽΤޤǤεפˤĤƤϡ٤ƥƤꡤĤǤإǽǤۿؤΥʥӥϡε#5291. heldio ΡֱѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤץĴ˿ʤǤޤ ([2023-10-22-1]) ˤޤȤޤäƤޤΤǡҤȤŪɷ㤵줿ϡҤȤǤܽꤵ졤Ķɲβɥ֥åˤİйǤޤİǤʤ̤䥪饤θǥꥢ륿˵˲äꤿפȤǮդϡ Voicy ΥץߥꥹʡۿͥǤֱѸˤ (helwa)áƤߤƤΤäꤪԤƤޤ

Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2013.

528ڡˡѸˤơޤȤܡǤ⡩ͣη֥ޥ Helvillian 6ޤ̻20ȤʤܤιǤξҲǡּϤ褤20˾פȴԤƤޤƼºݤ˷ˤʤꡤ³νŤߤ֥ͭإᥤȤγμȯŪʥͥ륮˲ƿɰդɽޤ
ΡɽΤȤСפô줿Τ taku ǤС taku ӥȱѸˤζХƥå˻ŦƤޤ¤ϻСʤΤǤ֥ӥ߱ѸˡפϹͤȤʤäΤǡ taku ΤȤФɤܤڤޤtaku ˤɽμ̿Ϥ̲ʡɽǥϡԽѰΤ Galois ꤬ޤ
³Ԥϡ1Τ˼ note Ǹ줿إᥤȤεȴǤ610ȯͽ #ʤ رѸˤDzʸˡ --- ʤ֣ñ sפĤΤNHKǿˤ礷Ƥ뵭¿ޤޤƤꡤդ˴ޤ
ޤ ari ˤ뵭ϡⰵŪʼ̤ǡߤΡari פŪƤޤޥ缭ᤰ츻꤫顤ؤʤ٥ȥޥDZ礹ֱѻҤץޤǡIJ̵Ԥhel迶Ǥ
Grace ϡֿξפʤפꤹ뵭ΤʤǡᴩˤĤƤǤ˥ָƤʬΤߤ꤬ˡԤᴩˤտޤԤƶ˽ƤƤޤԤȤȤߤƤޤäȴƤޤ٤ Grace ᡪ
ɮ٤Ȥơkendama_player note ǽƤ̤줿ȤޤROAD TO ѸءѸˡפꤷơȤαѸˤȤνв֤Ƥޤʽо˥ߥ˥ƥιפǤ
lacolaco ΡֱѸ츻ŵɥΡȡפ D Ĵǡ dental desert ޤǤñСƤޤlacolaco ڤ곫ּɤפȤƻϡ¾ΥإᥤȤळȤˤʤꡤǤ¤ǶϤhel襳ƥĤĹޤΤ褦Ʊ֤1ͤޤͤǤ椫رѸ츻ŵ٤ڤɤ뿷Ω夲졤abacus abyss ˻ޤ4ܤεϢȯƤޤμŵɥࡼ֥ȤϢˤϡäؤޤ
mozhi gengo δƤ¿Ȼιˤ⡤Ѥ餺ݤޤɱѸΡ֥פ˴ؤ䡤vacuum <uu> ȤԻĤֻ桤ˤϱΥ¦鸫ꥹˤȤäƤΥڥ륷ȤŪˤޤɮڤǤޤڥ륷 hastam Ѹ I am бȤӸŪʻŦʤɡŪ礤˻ɷ㤵ޤ
顦ڤδϡsorami Ѹ츻8ơ9ƤؤãƥξҲƬ夲ƤޤޤߡΡ־ȳؤֱѸˡץ128ãʼºݤˤޤǤ140ϤȤȤˡ³Ϥˤæ˹ФǤ
״֤ϡܻʰ˳زֱ̹ΤΤ餻䡤ظ츻dzؤְرñϥɥ֥å٤̤رѸ춵οʿˤĤƤεˤꡤؤȸ츦̤θõͭhelŸƤޤ
ykagata ϡϢ³100ͥĶǡ֥ɥĸ߱Ѹˡפ濴ȤĤġޤǤơޤhelŸإᥤȤȤʤäƤޤ֥֡ץץפΥɥĸפ֥ӡΥѥåѹˤĤƤΥɥĸǤƻɤפʤɡȥƤɤޤʤ¤ӤޤֳԤȤơ֡صΤꡩʤ3ñ s ĤΤ٤ˤĤƳؤ֥ɥĸפƤƤޤ
umisio εϡǤԤɾȥ桼⥢Ʊ路ƤޤϿοꥷǽζʽϥɥޤᤰˤιͻˤϡֱ֡ѸˤDzʸˡ桡ʤ3ñsϤĤΤפȤȥΤʤץⳫϤޤ
ŪʱѸˤȤƤϡ夵ˤָűѸεϰռפӡֽŤʤ뻰ñ sפ2ܤ̤ͤ˽ŸʳؽŪߤͿƤޤ伫Ȥ⡤ͽᤰ䡤ޥλưˤĤϤʤ鵭Ƥޤ
Grace ˤ֤ߡפȡԽѰ4̾ˤ20ãޤǤƻΤ֤äƤΡԽ嵭פƤޤ
Τ褦̻20ϡǰιˤդ路̤Ȥ˲ǹν¤֤ȤʤäƤޤ֤ͭγΥͥ륮ˤä¤뤳Ū֤һ֤Ƥạ̈äƤйǤ
ɤǤʤʬ⤳helؤ˲ääƤߤפȤϡҥץߥꥹʡۿֱͥѸˤ (helwa)áƤߤƤȤ˳ؤӡȤϤӤˤϰƤޤ
δ رѸˤDz ʸˡ --- ʤ֣ñ sפĤΤ NHKǡNHKǿӡ2026ǯ

ε#6231. ҥ in ֤Τۤإͥפ2Ƥ3ƤƤޤ ([2026-05-19-1]) Ǥ⤷ҥ3ƤǤϡرѸ츻ŵ٤ɤߤʤˤĤƤȤʤޤ
ԽԤζҤȤΤäΤʤǡرѸ츻ŵ١ʤ OED θ츻طˤϡäͤޤƤꡤŪʵάΤ¿ΤǡɼԤɤߤʤΤ̤αѸؽԤƱŵɤܳỤ̄浪ȻפСɤ߲μۤɤɬפʤۤɤΤιֺ¤䥬ɥ֥åȤ褤ȤݤΤäФޤ
̤ˤȤäơرѸ츻ŵ٤ȤʤΤưפǤϤʤȤϡƱŵ䤷Ƥ伫ȤⵤդƤꡤΤˤĤγư⤷Ƥޤ1Ĥϡưǻ伫ȤƤ̤ꡤVoicy ֱͥѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)ΤʤǡޤˡرѸ츻ŵɤֺ߲¤˶ᤤۿФФϤƤޤѸˤ칶رʤɤȤȤˡƱŵɤ⤷ꡤꤷƤޤʲ˼äޤ
2023ǯ1023heldio ˤ#875. رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤॷ (1) --- ƣ foot ۿ졤ƣ蘆ȤβŪʥ볫Ȥʤ롥ʤߤˡβ2023ǯ heldio ۿΥꥹʡɼ2̤ä
2023ǯ1026heldio ˤ#878. رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤॷ (2) --- ƣ foot ۿ롥
2023ǯ118heldio ˤ#891. رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤॷ (3) --- khelf ƣ marble 1ơۿ롥ʤߤˡβ2023ǯ heldio ۿΥꥹʡɼ9̤ä
2023ǯ1111heldio ˤ#894. رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤॷ (4) --- khelf ƣ marble 2ơۿ롥
2023ǯ1114heldio ˤ#897. رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤॷ (5) --- khelf ƣ marble 3ơۿ롥
2023ǯ1215heldio ˤ#928. رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤॷ (6) --- khelf ƣ2Ÿ compute/count ۿ롥
2024ǯ131heldio ˤ#975. رѸ츻ŵ٤μϿá롥
2024ǯ22heldio ˤ#977. رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤॷ (7) --- khelf ƣƱ۵ bank ιɤۿ롥
2024ǯ23heldio ˤ#978. رѸ츻ŵ٤θǯ --- khelf ƣɤ⤦ۿ롥ɤȤʴ褬ȡ
2024ǯ66heldio ˤ#1101. رѸ츻ŵɤߥ with ƣ蘆ڵۿ롥
2024ǯ0726heldio #1153. رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤॷ (8) --- khelf ƣ king ιɤ롥
2024ǯ0824heldio #1182. ڶ۵ޤΤ۸ҡرѸ츻ŵٿǤǷꡪ롥
2024ǯ0923heldio #1212. رѸ츻ŵ٤Ρָ츻ز --- ֱѸ˥饤2024פ롥
2024ǯ1021heldio #1240. رѸ츻ŵ٤Ρָ츻ز (2) --- KDEE Խˤ褦롥
2024ǯ1026heldio #1236. mine رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤ߲롥
2024ǯ1114heldio #1264. رѸ츻ŵɤϥĤ̵롥
2024ǯ1116heldio #1266. chair sit --- رѸ츻ŵɲ with lacolaco 롥
2024ǯ1226heldio #1306. رѸ츻ŵ٤Ρָ츻ز (3) --- Ӹؤγػˤɤ롥
2025ǯ0425heldio #1426. رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤ --- khelf СȤλפĤ롥
ޤϿǯī㡼ɶˤŪ˱Ѹ˴Ϣιֺ¤ƤޤȤ櫓2024ǯ٤ιֺ¤Ǥϡָ츻ŵǤɤѸˡפȥȤƷǤơ¾ΡرѸ츻ŵɤֺ߲¤ŸƤޤԤֺ¤Ǥ⡤رѸ츻ŵ٤Ͼ˻ȤΰɤȤȤ³ƤޤͽꤵƤ5Ǥ⡤ȤͽǤ hellog #6228. again õäѸ츶ʸء --- ǯ٤īѸ˥2([2026-05-16-1]) Ȥˡ
ۤˤϡ嵭 Voicy heldio ץߥꥹʡۿֱͥѸˤ (helwa) khelfʷѸ˥եˤΥСˤ롤رѸ츻ŵ٤ᤰ͡ʳư⡤رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤߤʤ˹ƤޤȤ櫓Ʊŵɤĩ蘆Ƥ뤪2 lacolaco ˤ note ֱѸ츻ŵɥΡȡ߷Ϣܴ֡رѸ츻ŵ٤ǤɤѸֻˡܤǤari ˤرѸ츻ŵ٤ǰͷӤ륢ץ#266KQ2ۥ饯 update ͷ֡⻲Ȥ
嵭Τ褦ˡޤǤˤ֤ȻȤ͡ʳưŸƤޤرѸ츻ŵ٤ɤߤʤ褦ˤʤ뤿ΡηŪפʹֺ¤䥬ɥ֥åʤɤϡΤ¸ߤޤǤɤΤ餤μפΤȤϤޤΤΤۤưǿƤ̤ꡤͤ;ϤϤ뤫⤷ޤ
ɼԤγפϤޤ
߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ

1ָ523ڡ 15:30--17:00 ˡǯ٤2ܤȤʤī㡼ɶǤΥ饤ֺ¤ޤǯ٤³Ƥ륷˾äȤԻĤʱñפ̻14ƤȤȤǡϡagain õäѸ츶ʸءפꤷơŪ again ȤлҤηǤֻ against ܤޤ
ֺ¤ǤϡرѸ츻ŵ٤رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ȤĤġñθ츻̣־ȯãɤ again ֻ against Ȥʬʤ褦ˤʤäطʤޤƬˤʤäǤΩñȤʤäƤȤ̣ˤäƤΤǤϢơűѸֻΤˤĤƤѤͽǤ
ñȯ䥹ڥѲѰۤˤܤޤ۷¿űѸѸμǤϤɤηФ˾夬äƤΤͽۤΤʤۤɤǤ
ޤνմǤϡ225˸Ҥ괩Ԥ줿ŪԲϻϲͭˡظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ʸҡ2026ǯͥƥȤȤƳѤޤϤ˼ܤƤѸΥƥ Peterborough Chronicle ꡤagain ޤࡤιɤɤ̤սɤǤߤȻפޤ
ѸθʸƤȤ⿴ۤפޤ嵭ͥƥȤˤĤƤ⡤ֺ¤ɤʬˤĤƤջǰѤޤΤǡ֤ɬܤǤϤޤƥȤˤϸѸ伭°ƤޤΤǡгؤӤޤȻפޤ
ֺ¤ξܺ٤ȤߤϡīθڡSee you again!
ʰʲ嵭2026/05/18(Mon)
ιֺ¤ˤĤƤ Voicy heldio ǤƤޤ#1814. 523ڡˤīֺ¤ again ܡİ
Բ ϲ ͭظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ҡ2026ǯ
߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

428ʲСˡǮʥإᥤȤγˤ֥ޥ Helvillian 519ޤ⡤ѸˤȤŪõ濴¿Ÿɤ߱Τ饤ʥåפȤʤäƤޤ
ΡɽΤȤСפô줿Τ ari Ǥᤰϸ̱ˤ륨å˺礬ȶ¸ߤǤ뤫ʬޤ ari εϡ ari 乥ĴǤͳ褹ñ줫顤֥פιάФơեϢޤǡμϰϤιˤϤĤäޤ
Grace ϡѸΡ©ŤפȤȥǻ߷οαѸ١ˤҲ𤵤Ƥޤlacolaco ΡֱѸ츻ŵɥΡȡפϡD ǡ demand demesne ޤǤСƤޤlacolaco η³ŪʻߤּɤפȤŤʥࡼ֥ȤƤǤޤ͡¤ϡ줳Ǥ¤ǶϤhelʤΤǤϤʤȡǶᡤפϤƤޤ
mozhi_gengo ϡǤⰵδƿǤscale θ츻Ȥä䤹꤫顤ҥǥˤ be ưñθ츻˻ޤǡѤ餺νIJ̵Ԥ֤Ǥ
Ѹ˶顦ڤδε⡤ޤޤ¤ƤƤޤsorami 츻ϡֻ7ƤޤãƤޤߡΡ־ȳؤֱѸˡץϡ־߱ѸˡפȤ̿ŪʼݤǻϤޤꡤ100ʼºݤˤޤǤͥ100ĶƤޤ³Ƥޤ
umisio ϡ夵ֱ̾Ѹ찦Ϥޤפꤹ륷³ꤵƤޤرѸ˿ʹ13ؤǮ˽ݡȤ⡤ɼԤζƤ֤ȴְ㤤ʤǤ͡khelf α硤Ĥ⤢꤬Ȥޤ
ykagata Υ֥η³ǡɥĸˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤Ҳ𤤤ꡤؤӤΤΤˤĤƹͻ뵭ƤޤޤͤεǤϡmark zany θ츻˻ϤޤꡤǸˤϤĤˡرѸ츻ŵɤĩؤȶǤΰƧ߽Фޤ
ޤ夵ˤűѻ˴ؤϡۿŪʵȤʤäƤޤε̤ơҸűѻ˿ƤߤƤϤǤ礦伫Ȥ⡤Ϥʤ elvillian ξҲǿܼ̾ϢͤƤޤ
Ǹ Grace ˤ helwa helγưȡumisio ˤرѸ츻ŵ٤ήԤܤ˽ŪԽ嵭Ƥޤ
Τ褦˺⡤̤Ȥ˽¤ǤȤʤäƤޤһ֤ƤäȳƥƥḤ̂äƤйǤ
Ϥ褤20˾ޤ Helvillian ȤΤϡï˶줿ΤǤϤʤѸˤؤӤͭȤ֤ͭμȯŪʥͥ륮ˤäƷ³ƤޤɼԤγˤޤƤϡҤǮ̤˳ڤǤйǤ
ޤɤǤϤʤʬ¦Խ¦˲äƤߤס֤helؤľܹפȤϡҥץߥꥹʡۿͥ ֱѸˤ (helwa)ƤߤƤȤ˳ؤӡȤϤӤƤ֤ǤΤǡ
ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable 6Ǥαʸhelwa СȤȤˤäĶɤƤɽȾŪ˳ŤƤޤɽͻҤVoicy heldio βǥ̤Ƹ륷³Ǥ2023ǯ7˳ϤƤ3ǯ夬Фޤ63ޤǿʤǤƤޤ
ī heldio ˤơǿۿƤޤ#1796. ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤ (63-5) with Taku --- helwa 齻ղǤī heldio Ǥϡ³ԤȤʤ#1797. ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤ (63-6) with Taku --- helwa 齻ղۿͽǤΤǡ碌2ܤϢưܵޤ
⡤heldio/helwa ꥹʡǥإᥤȤ Taku ʳءˤɲɤƤޤĤ⤢꤬Ȥޤ̾ΥȤȤˡĤʤοɤߤǽ뤳ȤǤޤ
оݤαʸʲ˷ǺܤޤBaugh and Cable, pp. 83--84) B&C 632κǽ餫顤1֤ۤɤ15ʸɤ߿ʤޤ
But abuses when bad enough have a way of bringing about their own reformation. What is needed generally is an individual with the zeal to lead the way and the ability to set an example that inspires imitation. King Alfred had made a start. Besides restoring churches and founding monasteries, he strove for twenty years to spread education in his kingdom and foster learning. His efforts bore little fruit. But in the latter half of the tenth century, three great religious leaders, imbued with the spirit of reform, arose in the church: Dunstan, archbishop of Canterbury (d. 988), Athelwold, bishop of Winchester (d. 984), and Oswald, bishop of Worcester and archbishop of York (d. 992). With the sympathetic support of King Edgar these men effected a genuine revival of monasticism in England. The true conception of the monastic life was inseparable from the observance of the Benedictine Rule. Almost everywhere in England this had ceased to be adhered to. As the first step in the reform, the secular clergy were turned out of the monasteries and their places filled by monks pledged to the threefold vow of chastity, obedience, and poverty. In their work of restoration the reformers received powerful support from the example of continental monasteries, notably those at Fleury and Ghent. These had recently undergone a similar reformation under the inspiring leadership of Cluny, where in 910 a community had been established on even stricter lines than those originally laid down by St. Benedict. Dunstan had spent some time at the Abbey of Blandinium at Ghent; Oswald had studied the system at Fleury; and Athelwold, although wanting to go himself, had sent a representative to Fleury for the same purpose. On the pattern of these continental houses a number of important monasteries were re-created in England, and Athelwold prepared a version of the Benedictine Rule, known as the Concordia Regularis, to bring about a general uniformity in their organization and observances. The effort toward reform extended to other divisions of the church, indeed to a general reformation of morals, and brought about something like a religious revival in the island.
B&CɽβˤĤƤϡ٤ƥ饢ǤޤƲؤΥϡ#5291. heldio ΡֱѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤץĴ˿ʤǤޤ ([2023-10-22-1]) ؿΤϡܽꤷơɲۿİСޤɲ̡饤ľܻä줿ϡ Voicy Υץߥꥹʡۿͥ ֱѸˤ (helwa)ˤ꤯

Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2013.
ǯٽι㵭Ǥǯ٤ΤΤˡդäκǿǤɽޤ
ؼԤˤοˡؼԤ´ȤʳΤοˡդƤޤƿδʤɤˤϡƤ仲ʸޤޤƤޤΤǡ˳ؽ³ϰŤ뼰ˤɤäƤäƤ
ѤPDFѰդޤΤǡͳ˱ۤƤƷ빽ǤѸˤγؽΩƤƤ
Ϣưʲε bibliography ε⤴Ȥ
#4557. ֱѸˤؤξԡ10ס ([2021-10-18-1])
#4731. رѸ˿ʹٿǯٹ泰 --- Ѹǽ줿Ѹ˳3Ҳ ([2022-04-10-1])
#4870. ѸξҲ ([2022-08-27-1])
#5237. ȯԤΡֱѸˤˤĤĴ٤ס ([2023-08-29-1])
#6150. ֱѸˤפäƤޤ ([2026-02-27-1])
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ջҡ إ١åѸˡ١ҤĤ˼2007ǯ
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ۥӥˡ δˡإڥαѸˡ١˼2017ǯ
ϲ ͭԡˡ λҡ ¹̾ ԡˡرѸˡ١罤۽Ź1995ǯ
رѸˤɤι١إ֥å Acta 30ҡ2019ǯ
졡رѸˡ١罤ۡ1983ǯ
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Algeo, John, and Thomas Pyles. The Origins and Development of the English Language. 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005.
Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2013.7ǤԤƤޤ
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Horobin, Simon. Does Spelling Matter? Oxford: OUP, 2013.
Horobin, Simon. How English Became English: A Short History of a Global Language. Oxford: OUP, 2016.
Jespersen, Otto. Growth and Structure of the English Language. 10th ed. Chicago: U of Chicago, 1982.
Knowles, Gerry. A Cultural History of the English Language. London: Arnold, 1997.
McCrum, Robert, William Cran, and Robert MacNeil. The Story of English. 3rd rev. ed. London: Penguin, 2003.
Mugglestone, Lynda, ed. The Oxford History of English. Oxford: OUP, 2006.
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Strang, Barbara M. H. A History of English. London: Methuen, 1970.
Svartvik, Jan and Geoffrey Leech. English: One Tongue, Many Voices. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
αѸ˴ϢΥ֥
ջҡֱѸ̡ʴʸˡסhttps://iyeiri.com/569
ʼ δ졡YouTube ʼδѸظإͥס2022ǯ226~https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCth3mYbOZ9WsYgPQa0pxhvw
ֵ (Shota Kikuchi) HPסhttps://sites.google.com/view/shotakikuchi
khelf ʷѸ˥եˡKeio History of the English Language Forum HPסhttps://sites.google.com/view/khelf-hotta
߷ ֡رѸ츻ŵ٤ǤɤѸֻˡס2025ǯ51~https://sites.google.com/keio.jp/s-terasawa/contents/Ѹ츻ŵǤɤѸֻ
إᥤȡַ HelvillianϥѸˡס2024ǯ108~https://note.com/helwa/m/m82eb39986f24
δ졡hellog~Ѹ˥֥ס2009ǯ51~http://user.keio.ac.jp/~rhotta/hellog
δ졡ϢܡѸѸˤλͤס2017ǯ1~12http://www.kenkyusha.co.jp/uploads/history_of_english/series.html
δ졡Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)ס2021ǯ62~https://voicy.jp/channel/1950
δ졡YouTube heltube --- Ѹ˥ͥס2022ǯ73~https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCG4a3V4jvVQ8ebujHeQzN6Q .
ߡA Gateway to Studying HELסhttps://sites.google.com/view/gatewaytohel
ڹ homepageסhttps://yadomi1989.wixsite.com/my-site-1
αѸˡѸؤλͿ
ͺ° ̭ԡˡظʸˡŵ١Ʋ1992ǯ
ջҡ δ졡ʸؤȱѸ˸١ҡ2022ǯ
ж ϺԡˡظѸؼŵ١Ʋ1973ǯ
סԡˡرѸˡ˱ѸءʸʸϿ١ҡ1997ǯ
ʸͺʴƽˡؿѸؼŵ١ҡ1982ǯ
С¾ˡرѸˡ١ ϯƣ ɧԡˡرѸϡ١8--11ˡ罤۽Ź1972--85ǯ
ãڸ ԡˡرѸؿ̾ŵ١ҡ1995ǯ
߷ ˧ͺԡˡرѸ츻ŵ١ҡ1997ǯ
߷ ˧ͺԡˡرѸˡ˱Ѹ --- ʸʸϿ١ҡ1997ǯ
߷ ˧ͺԡˡرѸ켭ŵ١ҡ2002ǯ
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ԡˡ˸ء١īоȸإȯŸԡ3īҽŹ2018ǯ
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ǯ٤Ϥޤޤǯ٤ֱѸˤδ֤ˡƤưhel (helkatsu) ŪŸƤޤޤhellog ɼԤγͤ⡤Ҥ줾θhelʤƤйǤ
ǯ˰³ǯ٤λhel1ĤȤʤΤī㡼ɶǤΥ饤ֺ¤ǤΤΥȥϺǯΤΤѾ˾äȤԻĤʱñפΤޤޤǤʤȤ⤳νմˤĤƤϡָ츻õäƸűѸ졦Ѹ츶ʸءפȤźơ˥Ȥޤ
ǯ٤ϡ1Ĥñ겼뤳ȤDZѸˤΥѥΥޤŸ˾ȤǤ⤽ϼѤĤġˡָʸ̣ɡפȤղòͤäȹͤƤޤŪˤϡ225˸Ҥ괩Ԥ줿ŪԲϻϲͭˡظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ʸҡ2026ǯͥƥȤȤƳѤޤ
մθΰʸϰʲ̤Ǥ
֤ʤαñϡʰ̣ȤΤסϡѸγˤޤմϡűѸ졦ѸûʸȤơñԻĤˤõޤ̾̾ʸǫɤ߲ǡѸˤؤȽIJ˹Ƥޤʸ˹ѸˤʪȤƳڤֺ¤ǤԲϻϲͭظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ʸҡ2026ǯˤͥƥȤȤ鸶ʸ̣ɤޤ
ֺܹ¤κħϡñʤ츻ˤȤɤޤ餺θ줬ºݤ˲ʸǤɤΤ褦©ŤƤΤºݤΥƥȤ̤θƤˤޤޤ̤رѸ츻ŵ٤رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ˤ˻Ȥʤ顤츻οʥäƤޤ
մ1 15:30--17:00 ˳֤ޤ饤ιֵǤΤǡɤǤ⤴äޤ2֤θƨۿ⤴ޤͽꤵƤ饤ʥåפϰʲ̤Ǥ
1. 425ڡˡknight õäѸ츶ʸ
2. 523ڡˡagain õäѸ츶ʸ
3. 627ڡˡghost õäƸűѸ츶ʸ
1ָ˳֤1ϡƻǤʤߤ knight 夲ޤϡ־ǯפֽԡפ̣Ƥθ줬ˤƹʿʬؤ褦ˤʤäΤѸθʸ˿ʤ餽ΰ̣Ѳéޤ
2ϡ again Ǥůʤ褦˸뤳θˤϡֻȤƤˡˤȤɤޤ餺¿꤬ƤޤѸΥƥȤǤϤɤΤ褦֤졤ѤƤΤǤ礦
3ϡǤϡͩפؤ ghost ǤűѸˤϡפֺפ̣ƤθγĴ⤤ʸȤȤ̣襤ޤ礦
űѸѸθʸʹȡʹ뤫⤷ޤ̵ۤѤǤֱѸˤʪפڤिκȤơ䤬ʥӥȤޤֺ¤ξܺ٤Ȥߤϡīθڡ
ܥγ֤˸ơVoicy heldio ǤƤޤ#1778. 425ڡˡظ٤ˤ뿷ǯ٤ī륷Ϥޤޤİǯ١ͤȰˡʸȤȤ˱ѸˤοƤȤڤߤˤƤޤ
Բ ϲ ͭظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ҡ2026ǯ
߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

#6188. heldio 2026ǯ1ȾΥ٥Ȳꥹʡɼ --- 412ޤǥץ ([2026-04-06-1]) Ǥ⤷Ȥꡤ2026ǯ1Ⱦ1--3ˤˤ Voicy heldio Υ٥ۿꥹʡɼ»ܤޤ412äڤ餻ƤޤǯٽΤ¿˻ʻˤ⤫餺¿Υꥹʡγ˲1ɼʺ10ɼˤꤸƤޤϤ꤬Ȥޤ
ɼޤȤޤޤΤǡ𤤤ޤ heldio Ǥ #1781. heldio 2026ǯ1ȾΥꥹʡɼηȯɽȤƲDz⤷ƤޤΤǡ碌Ƥİ
ΥϡľˤȡؤäޤǤޤȤС֡ظűѸ졦ѸٺפפǤζʽȤ礭ʥ˥塼ꥹʡγγؽߤȸ˥̤ȸäƤ褤Ǥ礦ʲ˾̡ɼΨ19%ʾˤۿǺܤޤ
ڡ1̡44%ˡ
#1755. ظűѸ졦Ѹ٤űѸ Early Britain 1ɤ (1)
ڡ2̡37%ˡ
#1751. ظűѸ졦Ѹ٤űѸ Early Britain 1ɤ
ڡ3̡33%ˡ
#1758. ظűѸ졦Ѹ٤űѸ Early Britain 1ɤ (2)
ڡ4̡30%ˡ
#1710. ظűѸ졦Ѹٻɤʬβ⥷ (1) --- űѸ첻
#1761. ظűѸ졦Ѹ٤űѸ Early Britain 1ɤ (3)
#1764. ظűѸ졦Ѹ٤űѸ Early Britain 1ɤ (4)
ڡ7̡26%ˡ
#1716. ظűѸ졦Ѹٻɤʬβ⥷ (3) --- űѸλҲʸԡˡ
#1720. رѸΥ롼ġʸ˲ǰ --- ߷ͧȤ from KKH
ڡ9̡22%ˡ
#1677. 2026ǯѸˤޤ
#1685. ɽʸɽʸɽʸ
#1713. ظűѸ졦Ѹٻɤʬβ⥷ (2) --- űѸλҲԡˡ
#1723. ظűѸ졦ѸٿˤϥإᥤȤΥɥޤä
#1742. ۵ --- teach/taught ˴ؤŷŪŦᤰäơ
ڡ14̡19%ˡ
#1705. khelf ߷Ȥ --- ֡رѸ츻ŵ٤ǤɤѸֻˡ200ǰ
#1706. ζʽظűѸ졦Ѹ١ʸҡˤ
#1717. ŷ̤ͥΡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ؤϤƤαѸˡټ¶Ѥ⤷
#1722. ظűѸ졦Ѹٻɤʬβ⥷ (4) --- űѸζ
#174. ten -teen6
#1750. 夵ΡֱѸΤʤ5ʬǡפäƤޤ̿ --- 28ơ
2026ǯ1Ⱦη̤֤ޤȡʤȤäƤΩĤΤϡ225˸Ҥ꿷줿ظűѸ졦Ѹ٤˴ϢβǤɥפɮƬˡ٥10Ⱦʬʾ夬Ūʶʽ˴ϢƤǤǸűѸɤȤֹ״ǤϤޤꥹʡγ̤ҼǮ˿餤ĤƤäȤޤäˡ¦ˤɥޤä#1723. ظűѸ졦ѸٿˤϥإᥤȤΥɥޤä䡤̾ϥ˥åȻפ褦ʸűѸ첻ȻҲơ⤷⤤ٻƤꡤñʤμνˤȤɤޤʤhelפɾƤΤȤơ餻Ƥޤ
̲˭Ǥ7̤ˤ߷ͧȤε#1720. رѸΥ롼ġʸ˲ǰ --- ߷ͧȤ from KKHʤʤǤϤΡʡ˥åʷϵǤαѸ˥ȡμ˿Ϥ褯ΤǤСؤǤޤ9̤#1742. ۵ --- teach/taught ˴ؤŷŪŦᤰäơϡαԤѻ˻ϤޤѸˤοʥؤϢʤ롤說說λߤޤʤ̲Ȥɾޤ
khelfʷѸ˥ե˥СƤꡤ#1705. khelf ߷Ȥ --- ֡رѸ츻ŵ٤ǤɤѸֻˡ200ǰ̤ޤޤ#1717. ŷ̤ͥΡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ؤϤƤαѸˡټ¶Ѥ⤷ܤᡤѸˤǮϤ˹äƤ뤳Ȥޤ
Ⱦ볫äö#1677. 2026ǯѸˤޤ⡤ٻޤ̤ꡤ3֤Ϥޤν֡뤤Ͻ֤Ǥä褦˻פޤűѸɤ¿Υꥹʡĩ路ϤȤϡhelˤ礭ʰ̣ĤȤˤʤꤽǤѡʥƥȤƤϴդޤ
ǸˡΥꥹʡɼ˴ؤ롤ꥹʡ ykagata note Ҳ𤷤ޤɼ֤κǽ412֡heldio 2026ǯ1ȾΥ٥Ȳꥹʡɼפɼꤹ뵭ޤѡʥƥȤƤؤͤˤʤꡤĴǤ꤬Ȥޤ
2026ǯ4ʬ1ޤΥꥹʡɼη̤褯褯ʬϤ2Ⱦ⡤ꥹʡγȤȤ͡ʱѸˤηʿįƤФȻפäƤޤ³ heldio ꤤޤ
Բ ϲ ͭظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ҡ2026ǯ
߷ ͧرѸΥ롼ġ١˼Ҥطʸˡӡ2026ǯ
ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable 6ǤαʸVoicy heldio ȤǥѤơĶɤƤǤ
ī heldio ˤơ10ˤϤ³Ԥۿޤ#1780. ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤ (63-4) with Taku --- helwa 齻ղǤɤߤƤ hellog ϡβۿϢưȤʤäƤޤ
⡤إᥤȤ Taku ʳءˤɲɤƤޤĤ⤢꤬Ȥޤפ֤ˡ̤ǤΥ饤դɽȤʤäƤޤΤǡڤİ뤫ȻפޤΥ˾äĹϿ뤳ȤˤʤäΤǡheldio ǤȾȾ2ʬƤϤƤޤϸȾȤʤޤ
оݤαʸǺܤޤ礦Baugh and Cable, p. 83) B&C 633ʸΤߤǤäɤƤޤ
So few were there that I cannot remember a single one south of the Thames when I came to the kingship." A century later, Ælfric, abbot of Eynsham, echoed the same sentiment when he said, "Until Dunstan and Athelwold revived learning in the monastic life no English priest could either write a letter in Latin, or understand one." It is hardly likely, therefore, that many Latin words were added to the English language during these years when religion and learning were both at such a low ebb.
űѸ츶ʸθѤꡤɤߤˤսǤ˹ߤʸȤ߹ޤƤ뤫ɤˤạ̈廊սȤʤޤޤĶɤΤˤظˤ븶ʸʺξˤϸűѸ츶ʸˤռ뤳ȤڤⴶȻפޤ⤿ؤ¤ΤɽȤʤޤ
B&CɽβˤĤƤϡ٤ƥ饢Ǥޤ#5291. heldio ΡֱѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤץĴ˿ʤǤޤ ([2023-10-22-1]) С

Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2013.
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