hellogѸ˥֥     ChangeLog ǿ     ƥǿ     ڡ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 ڡ / page 23 (27)

link - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2017-07-20 Thu

#3006. űѸμ [lexicography][dictionary][oe][doe][bibliography][hel_education][link]

űѸؽ椹ͭѤʼ򤤤ĤҲ𤹤롥

(1) Bosworth, Joseph. A Compendious Anglo-Saxon and English Dictionary. London: J. R. Smith, 1848.
(2) Bosworth, Joseph and Thomas N. Toller. Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Oxford: OUP, 1973. 1898. (Online version available at http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oe_bosworthtoller_about.html.)
(3) Hall, John R. C. A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Rev. ed. by Herbert T. Merritt. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1996. 1896. (Online version available at http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oe_clarkhall_about.html.)
(4) Healey, Antonette diPaolo, Ashley C. Amos and Angus Cameron, eds. The Dictionary of Old English in Electronic Form A--G. Toronto: Dictionary of Old English Project, Centre for Medieval Studies, U of Toronto, 2008. (see The Dictionary of Old English (DOE) and Dictionary of Old English Corpus (DOEC).)
(5) Sweet, Henry. The Student's Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon. Cambridge: CUP, 1976. 1896.

ΤΥȥ뤫ȤꡤܤԻˤϤޤޤǤ롥Ѥ Sweet ˻Ϥޤꡤά Hall 顤Ū Bosworth and Toller Фơǿ Healey et al. ˤŻ DOE ˻롥DOE ơűѸ켭֤褽19λʪǤ뤳Ȥܤͤ롥λˡ͡ʥ٥θűѸ켭񤬡ȼεϡҰռäԻ졤Ǥ줿ΤǤ롥
ν񤭸դɸबΤޤäƤʤűѸμԻǤϡФɤΤ褦ֻΩƤ뤫ǺޤȤʤ롥ѼԤϡƤŬڤֻ򸫽Фʤ뤤ϰ֤δ֤򤿤餤󤷤ˤ뤫Ǥ롥绨ĤˤСŪ Sweet ΩƤ븫Фֻ "critical" ǵϼŪǤꡤǤŪ DOE "diplomatic" ǵҼŪǤ롥δ֤ˡˤ䤫 "critical" Hall ȴˤ䤫 "diplomatic" Bosworth and Toller ֤Ť롥
碌ƸűѸäγؽˤϡʲ2󤲤Ƥ

Barney, Stephen A. Word-Hoard: An Introduction to Old English Vocabulary. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale UP, 1985.
Holthausen, Ferdinand. Altenglisches etymologisches Wōrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, 1963.

Holthausen μϡűѸ츻ȤŪðۤϰ̤Ƥ뤬츻äؤܤȤݤˤΩġBarney ϡƱݤǡɤdzڤűѸñꥹȤǤ롥

Referrer (Inside): [2020-06-24-1]

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2017-06-21 Wed

#2977. Ϣ6֤ʤѸä3ع¤Τ --- ͥ󥹴Υƥ줫֤ȥ [notice][link][loan_word][borrowing][lexicology][french][latin][lexical_stratification][japanese][inkhorn_term][rensai][sobokunagimon]

դǡѸϢָܴѸѸˤλ֤ͤʤѸä3ع¤Τ --- ͥ󥹴Υƥ줫֤ȥޤ
äϡѸäؤֺݤξɤȤʤäƤ¿쥻åȤ˹¤ʤƤꡤʤΤ褦ʹ¤¸ߤΤȤѤʵˡŪʴäΤǤطʤˤϡѸ줬λμҲŪʸ̮ΤʤθܿƤаޤޤޤѸûˤҤȤƤȡ̣ȤˡܸûˤȤʿ⸫ƤޤоȸŪѸӤˤƤϡξΰ㤤Ĵ뷹ޤо˸ؤδߤȡȸûˤ˴ؤ¤ꡤξϤȤƤ褯ƤޤϢܵθȾǤϡƤޤ
Ѹáʤܸáˤ3ع¤ˤĤƤϡرѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡΤ5.1֤ʤ Help me! Ȥ϶֤ Aid me! Ȥ϶ФʤΤפ5.2֤ʤ Assist me! ȤϤʤ鶫ФʤΤפǤⰷäƤޤܥ֥Ǥ͡˵ƤΤǡΥ󥯤ʲĥäƤޤ碌ƤޤƱͤˤĤơ#1999. Chuo Online ε֥ʸΩŪ˻ס ([2014-10-17-1]) ǾҲ𤷤

#334. Ѹäλع¤ ([2010-03-27-1])
#1296. ع¤ɲá ([2012-11-13-1])
#1960. ѸäΥԥߥåɹ¤ ([2014-09-08-1])
#2072. Ѹäλع¤ ([2014-12-29-1])
#2279. Ѹäεžع¤ ([2015-07-24-1])
#2643. Ѹäλع¤οá ([2016-07-22-1])
#387. trisociation triset ([2010-05-19-1])

#1437. űѸ˼Ѥ줿ƥ ([2013-04-03-1])
#32. űѸ˼Ѥ줿ƥ ([2009-05-30-1])
#1945. űѸΥƥѤλʬ ([2014-08-24-1])
#120. ճ¿äѸΥƥѸ ([2009-08-25-1])
#1211. ѸΥƥѸΰ ([2012-08-20-1])
#478. ѸΤ褦˼ڤƤϼΤƤ줿ƥ ([2010-08-18-1])
#114. ѸμѸεȳ ([2009-08-19-1])
#1226. Ѹˤäǯʬۡ ([2012-09-04-1])
#2162. OED ˤե󥹸졦ƥ줫μѸοܡ ([2015-03-29-1])
#2385. OED ˤ롤ŵ줪ӥޥ󥹽줫μѸä (2) ([2015-11-07-1])

#576. inkhorn term ȱѸ켭 ([2010-11-24-1])
#1408. ([2013-03-05-1])
#1409. Ĥä졤ä ([2013-03-06-1])
#1410. Ƚ󵢡 ([2013-03-07-1])
#1615. 礹ߡ2 ([2013-09-28-1])
#609. 켭17 ([2010-12-27-1])

#335. ܸäλع¤ ([2010-03-28-1])
#1630. 졤ʸ졤ץ ([2013-10-13-1])
#1629. ([2013-10-12-1])
#1067. Ѹȸܸθüѡ ([2012-03-29-1])
#296. 轡ѸܸͿŪƶ ([2010-02-17-1])
#1526. Ѹܸθûоɽ ([2013-07-01-1])

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2017-06-10 Sat

#2966. Ѹä (2) [lexicology][loan_word][borrowing][statistics][link]

ѸäˤĤơ1ǯۤε ([2016-06-24-1]) ͡ʥ󥯤ĥäθ­⤢Τǡ򥢥åץǡȤƤɤ߿ʤƤСѸûˤγפʬ롥

1ǤߤѸ
1.1äεϤ礭 (#898)
1.2äμ˭٤ (##756,309,202,429,845,1202,110,201,384)
1.3Ѹûˤγά (##37,1526,126,45)
2üѤȤϡ
2.1ʤäѤΤ (##46,1794)
2.2Ѥ5W1Hġɤǡï顤ɤΤ褦ˡʤڤꤿΤ (#37)
3ѸθüѤ (#1526)
3.1Φ (--449)
3.1.1ƥ (#1437)
3.2űѸ (449--1100)
3.2.1ȸ (##1216,2443)
3.2.2ƥ (#32)
3.2.3ťΥɸ (##2625,2693,340,818)
3.2.4űѸΤθ (##450,2556,648)
3.3Ѹ (1100--1500)
3.3.1ե󥹸 (##117,1210)
3.3.2ƥ (##120,1211)
3.3.3Ѹθäεȳ (#985)
3.4Ѹ (1500--1700)
3.4.1ƥ (##478,114,1226)
3.4.2ꥷ (#516)
3.4.3ޥ󥹽 (##2385,2162,1411,1638)
3.5Ѹ (1700--1900) ȸѸ (1900--)
3.5.1äȯ (##203,616)
3.5.2ν (##874,2165,2164)
4αѸäˤߤˤΰ仺
4.1ե󥹸ȥƥ줫μѸ (#2162)
4.2ưʪɽ魯ñ (##331,754)
4.3ä3ع¤ (##334,1296,335,1960)
4.4Ѹθäζ (##1645,296,1630,1067)
5ߤ̤αѸ
5.1Ѱʳοθ (##873,874,875)
5.2äϻǤФ (##625,631,876,889)


ѸûˤŤߤǺǽפȤʤ3ŦƤ

(1) ѸûˤϡѸ¾θήˤϢưƤ
(2) üѤưŤϡɬפΤߤǤϤʤ
(3) üѤˤ줬Ѥ߾夲Ƥ̤Ȥ3ع¤

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2017-05-23 Tue

#2948. Ϣ5alive ˸ء [notice][link][syntax][adjective][rensai][fricative_voicing]

դǡѸϢָܴѸѸˤλͤalive ˸ءޤ
μĥϡְưפȤѲΥʥߥǤűѸ줫Ѹˤʲμ岽ü֡졤ֻäʤɡѸ˾ʤ̱ƶڤܤ礲ˤȡֱѸηϤɤ뤬פۤɤŪʥѥȤäݤǤ롤ȤȤ⤭ޤѸˤΥʥߥḁ̊ϤСȻפޤ
ʲˡ5εǿ줿̩ܤ˴ؤ hellog ؤΥ󥯤ĥäƤޤ碌ɤȡϢܵΤۤɤȻפޤ

#2723. ֻ on ˤ n æ ([2016-10-10-1])
#1365. űѸˤ뼫IJˤϤޤ줿̵໤ͭ ([2013-01-21-1])
#1080. ʤ five ν fifth ʤΤ ([2012-04-11-1])
#702. -ths ȯ ([2011-03-30-1])
#374. <u> <v> ʬ (2) ([2010-05-06-1])
#712. ΩȤȯ -ed IJʬƻ (2) ([2011-04-09-1])
#1916. ˡȽˡǰۤʤ֤ķƻ ([2014-07-26-1])
#2435. eurhythmy 뤤 "buffer hypothesis" ŬѲǽ ([2015-12-27-1])
#2421. ʬư̾ζƯŪȯã ([2015-12-13-1])
#2422. Ѹˤư̾졤ʬ졤θβŪƱ ([2015-12-14-1])
#2245. Meillet "tout se tient" --- ηϤȤƤθ ([2015-06-20-1])

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2017-05-18 Thu

#2943. Ѹȯ֤꤬פʤͳϡָɡפȡס [notice][spelling][spelling_pronunciation_gap][etymological_respelling][link]

ֱѸȯֻЪΥפˤĤơDMMѲå֥˥󥿥ӥ塼ƤˤƤ餤ޤεåץɤ줿ΤǡϤҲ𤬤Ƥ顤Ϣ hellog ؤΥ󥯤ĥäƤޤΥȥϡФְŪʢѸȯ֤꤬פʤͳȤʹ˹Ԥä顤ȿͤˤƤΡָɡפȡפäפǤɤ
¤ʬ䤹ܻؤäȤȤޤǴάޤά뤢ޤꡤ٤ǤΡ뤤ϸ­餺ʤȤ⤢Ȼפޤ¿αѸؽԤ˴ؿ⤿ФơѸˤδɤΤ褦ΤѸŪʸָƤ館褦ˡȤλפǤݤ߼äƤ館ФȻפޤ??ɤǡʢפ̣äƤ
ơܥ֥ǤϡֱѸȯֻЪΥˤĤơspelling_pronunciation_gap ¿εƤޤΥ󥿥ӥ塼Ǥϡdebt ˤʤȯʤ <b> ΤȤä츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling) ȤƼ夲ޤ󥿥ӥ塼˸ڤΤŪʻȤδطǤϡä˰ʲε

debt <b> 桧#116. 츻֤֤ --- etymological respelling ([2009-08-21-1])
Ѹ through ֻ˸뺮𡧡#53. Ѹ through ֤515̤ ([2009-06-20-1])
15 through ֻμ«#193. 15 Chancery Standard through ΰ֤14̤ ([2009-11-06-1])
ȯֻ̡äƤ#2292. ֻȯϥפǤĤʤ줿2ۤΥܡȡ ([2015-08-06-1])
Ե§ԹݤĤȤ˰̣롪#1482. ʤ go β went ˤʤ뤫 (2) ([2013-05-18-1])

1֤ۤɤΥ󥿥ӥ塼ǾäԤ褦ʥơޤǤϤޤǤɼԤΤߤʤ󤬤ˡޤѸˤȤʬ˴ؿȤʤСȤƤŪãǤ

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2017-04-21 Fri

#2916. Ϣ4֥ꥹѸ autumn ȥꥫѸ fall --- ʣŪ׹ͤΤ [notice][link][ame_bre][history][calendar][z][rensai][sobokunagimon]

420դǡѸϢָܴѸѸˤλ֥ͤꥹѸ autumn ȥꥫѸ fall --- ʣŪ׹ͤΤޤ
ϡرѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡ6.1֤ʤꥫѸǤ r 򤽤ȯΤפ6.2֥ꥫѸϥꥹѸֿפΤפǰäѸαƺˤĤơŪñΥڥ autumn vs fall 夲ơŪ˿⤷ޤñŪ׹ͤǤϤʤʣŪ׹ͤǸľȤΤݤǤ
ѸαƺϡѸˤΤʤǤȤ櫓͵ΤʤΤǡܥ֥Ǥ ame_bre ¿夲ƤޤϢܵǼ夲Ƥġ˴ؤܥ֥⵭ȤƤϡʲ򤴻Ȥ

#315. ꥹѸϥꥫѸ٤ݼŪ ([2010-03-08-1])
#1343. ѸαƺʼȤȯȸáˡ ([2012-12-30-1])
#1730. AmE-BrE 2006 Frequency Comparer ([2014-01-21-1])
#1739. AmE-BrE Diachronic Frequency Comparer ([2014-01-30-1])
#428. The Brown family of corpora Ѿա ([2010-06-29-1])
#964 z ʸȯ (1) ([2011-12-17-1])
#965. z ʸȯ (2) ([2011-12-18-1])
#2186. Webޥε֥ѥõѸαƺԡס ([2015-04-22-1])

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2017-04-20 Thu

#2915. Beowulf Ƭ52 [beowulf][link][oe][literature][popular_passage][oe_text]

#2893. Beowulf Ƭ11ԡ ([2017-03-29-1]) ǵ󤲤11ԤǤʪ­ʤפ줿Τǡͭ̾ (ship burial) εҤޤ᤿ Beowulf Ƭ52ԤѤȤϡ6--11˥ǥʥȥ󥰥ʸǸ줿̼ԤˡǤ롥
ʸ Jack ǤǡѸ Norton Anthology ˼ϿƤ륢ɤΥΡ٥ʸؾ޼޻ Seamus Heaney ǤǤϤ롥

OEPDE translation
a-verseb-verse
Hwæt, wē Gār-Denain geārdagum,So. The Spear-Danes in days gone by
þēodcyningaþrym gefrūnon,and the kings who ruled them had courage and greatness.
hū ðā æþelingasellen fremedon.We have heard of those princes' heroic campaigns.
   Oft Scyld Scēfingsceaþena þrēatum,   There was Shield Sheafson, scourge of many tribes,
5monegum mǣgþummeodosetla oftēah,a wrecker of mead-benches, rampaging among foes.
egsode eorl[as],syððan ǣrest wearðThis terror of the hall-troops had come far.
fēasceaft funden;hē þæs frōfre gebād,A foundling to start with, he would flourish later on
wēox under wolcnum,weorðmyndum þāh,as his powers waxed and his worth was proved.
oðþæt him ǣghwylc þ[ǣr]ymbsittendraIn the end each clan on the outlying coasts
10ofer hronrādehȳran scolde,beyond the whale-road had to yield to him
gomban gyldan.Þæt wæs gōd cyning!and begin to pay tribute. That was one good king.
Ðǣm eafera wæsæfter cenned   Afterward a boy-child was born to Shield,
geong in geardum,þone God sendea cub in the yard, a comfort sent
folce tō frōfre;fyrenðearfe ongeatby God to that nation. Hew knew what they had tholed,
15þ[e] hīe ǣr drugonaldor[lē]asethe long times and troubles they'd come through
lange hwīle.Him þæs Līffrēa,without a leader; so the Lord of Life,
wuldres Wealdendworoldāre forgeaf;the glorious Almighty, made this man renowned.
Bēowulf wæs brēme---blǣd wīde sprang---Shield had fathered a famous son:
Scyldes eaferaScedelandum in.Beow's name was known through the north.
20Swā sceal [geong g]umagōde gewyrcean,And a young prince must be prudent like that,
fromum feohgiftumon fæder [bea]rme,giving freely while his father lives
þæt hine on yldeeft gewunigenso that afterward in age when fighting starts
wilgesīþasþonne wīg cume,steadfast companions will stand by him
lēode gelǣsten;lofdǣdum scealand hold the line. Behavior that's admired
25in mǣgþa gehwǣreman geþēon.is the path to power among people everywhere.
   Him ðā Scyld gewāttō gescæphwīle,   Shield was still thriving when his time came
felahrōr fēranon Frēan wǣre.and he crossed over into the Lord's keeping.
Hī hyne þā ætbǣrontō brimes faroðe,His warrior band did what he bade them
swǣse gesīþas,swā hē selfa bæd,when he laid down the law among the Danes:
30þenden wordum wēoldwine Scyldinga;they shouldered him out to the sea's flood,
lēof landfrumalange āhte.the chief they revered who had long ruled them.
Þǣr æt hȳðe stōdhringedstefnaA ring-whorled prow rode in the harbor,
īsig ond ūtfūs,æþelinges fær;ice-clad, outbound, a craft for a prince.
ālēdon þālēofne þēoden,They stretched their beloved lord in his boat,
35bēaga bryttanon bearm scipes,laid out by the mast, amidships,
mǣrne be mæste.Þǣr wæs mādma felathe great ring-giver. Far-fetched treasures
of feorwegum,frætwa gelǣded;were piled upon him, and precious gear.
ne hȳrde ic cȳmlīcorcēol gegyrwanI never heard before of a ship so well furbished
hildewǣpnumond heaðowǣdum,with battle-tackle, bladed weapons
40billum ond byrnum;him on bearme lægand coats of mail. The massed treasure
mādma mænigo,þā him mid scoldonwas loaded on top of him: it would travel far
on flōdes ǣhtfeor gewītan.on out into the ocean's sway.
Nalæs hī hine lǣssanlācum tēodan,They decked his body no less bountifully
þēodgestrēonum,þon þā dydonwith offerings than those first ones did
45þe hine æt frumsceafteforð onsendonwho cast him away when he was a child
ǣnne ofer ȳðeumborwesende.and launched him alone out over the waves.
Þā gȳt hie him āsettonsegen g[yl]denneAnd they set a gold standard up
hēah ofer hēafod,lēton holm beran,high above his head and let him drift
gēafon on gārsecg.Him wæs geōmor sefa,to wind and tide, bewailing him
50murnende mōd.Men ne cunnonand mourning their loss. No man can tell,
secgan tō sōðe,selerǣden[d]e,no wise man in hall or weathered veteran
hæleð under heofenum,hwā þǣm hlæste onfēng.knows for certain who salvaged that load.


Jack, George, ed. Beowulf: A Student Edition. Oxford: Clarendon, 1994.
Greenblatt, Stephen, ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 8th ed. New York:: Norton, 2006.

Referrer (Inside): [2023-07-29-1]

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2017-03-29 Wed

#2893. Beowulf Ƭ11 [beowulf][link][oe][literature][popular_passage][oe_text][hel_education]

Beowulf ϡűѸǽ񤫤줿ǤĹ3182ԡˤǤꡤ󥰥夫鸽¸ǤפʸغʤǤ롥ǥʥαͺ Beowulf ϥǥޡDzʪ Grendel 򻦤³Ƥ⻦Beowulf ϸ˥ǥ Geat ²βȤʤ뤬ǯϷƤε襤ह롥
νϡűѸ scop ȸƤФ줿ͷͤˤꡤϡפαդȤȤ˶㤸줿Ȥ롥¸ͣμܡ1731ǯβл»Ƥˤ1000ǯΤΤǤꡤ2ͤμ̻μˤʤ롥ԤԾܤǤꡤ줿ˤĤƤΤʤȤʬäƤʤ8ΩȤ⤢С11Ȥ⤢롥
Ƭ11Ԥ Crystal (18) ꡤѸդǰʲ˺Ƹ褦

1HǷÆT ǷE GARDEna in ȝeardaȝum .Lo! we spear-Danes in days of old
2þeodcyninȝa þrym ȝefrunonheard the glory of the tribal kings,
3hu ða æþelinȝas ellen fremedon .how the princes did courageous deeds.
4oft scyld scefing sceaþena þreatumOften Scyld Scefing from bands of enemies
5monegū mæȝþum meodo setla ofteahfrom many tribes took away mead-benches,
6eȝsode eorl[as] syððan ærest ƿearðterrified earl[s], since first he was
7feasceaft funden he þæs frofre ȝebadfound destitute. He met with comfort for that,
8ƿeox under ƿolcum, ƿeorðmyndum þah,grew under the heavens, throve in honours
9oðþ[æt] him æȝhƿylc þara ymbsittendrauntil each of the neighbours to him
10ofer hronrade hyran scoldeover the whale-road had to obey him,
11ȝomban ȝyldan þ[æt] ƿæs ȝod cyninȝ.pay him tribute. That was a good king!


Ƭʬޤܲ (Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, fol. 132r) ϡǤ롥¾ʲΥȤ⻲ȡ

Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, Augustine of Hippo, Soliloquia; Marvels of the East; Beowulf; Judith, etc.: ܲǽ
Beowulf: BL ˤʪȼܤβ⡥
Beowulf Readings: űѸ츶ʸȡɤ߾夲פؤΥꡥ
Beowulf Translation: Ѹ
Diacritically-Marked Text of Beowulf facing a New Translation (with explanatory notes): űѸ츶ʸȸѸΥѥƥȡ

Crystal, David. Evolving English: One Language, Many Voices. London: The British Library, 2010.

Referrer (Inside): [2023-07-29-1] [2017-04-20-1]

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2017-03-23 Thu

#2887. Ϣ3֤ʤѸ첻ɽΤʤΤ [notice][link][vowel][diphthong][consonant][alphabet][writing][grapheme][history][spelling_pronunciation_gap][grammatology][rensai][sobokunagimon]

321դǡѸϢָܴѸѸˤλ֤ͤʤѸ첻ɽΤʤΤޤϡرѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡ2ϡȯֻ˴ؤѤʵפǼ夲ȴϢơäˡ첻ɽλפܤ겼ƹͤƤޤѸ첻ʲˤ첻ֻˤδطʣǤ뤳Ȥ˴ؤơʸˤδƤޤطʤˤϡ¤3ǯͥĶʪ줬Ȥسλ¤̣äƤ館ФȻפޤ
ʲˡ3εȴϢܥ֥ؤΥ󥯤ĥäƤޤ碌ƤȤ

#503. Ѹֻϵ§ŪԵ§Ū ([2010-09-12-1])
#1024. ѸֻԵ§줳 ([2012-02-15-1])
#2405. ֻȯЪΥ --- ѸֻԵ§μŪװ ([2015-11-27-1])
#1021. ѸܸβǤμȿ ([2012-02-12-1])
#2515. 첻Ǥ첻ʸǤбɽ ([2016-03-16-1])
#1826. ޻첻ĹûľܼȤǤʤ ([2014-04-27-1])
#2092. ե٥åȤ첻ľɽ魯Τ ([2015-01-18-1])
#1837. ޻ȥꥷʸλκۡ ([2014-05-08-1])
#423. ե٥åȤˡ ([2010-06-24-1])
#1849. ե٥åȤηޡ ([2014-05-20-1])

[ | ѥڡ ]

2017-02-21 Tue

#2857. Ϣ2֤ʤ3ñ -s դΤ ѼȤ [link][notice][3sp][3pp][conjugation][verb][inflection][variety][rensai][sobokunagimon]

220ˡѸϢָܴѸѸˤλͤ2Ȥʤ֤ʤ3ñ -s դΤ ѼȤҤΥȤ˥åץɤޤ3ñ -s ˴ؤƤϡܥ֥Ǥ 3sp γƵǽ񤭤ƤޤΤΤϡѤʵפȤݤǤޤȤ᤿ȤȤʤäƤޤɤ
ϢܵΤʤǤϿޤǤ3ñ -s Ūˤϡ3;ΡʣߤդĤޤʣפζޤʿŪ˹ͤɬפޤμݤ顤ܥ֥ǤϡʣפˤĤƤ 3pp Ȥƥ꡼ΤȤ͡Ƥޤ碌ƤȤ
ޤϢܵǤ⡤رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡǤ⡤ܤ夲ޤǤ -th äƤ3ñѸˤ -s ֤줿аޤ˴ؤ꤬ޤ⡤Ѹ˾塤ɴФζ̣ǤƤߤϡ#1855. ꥫѸ˿ʤǤ3ñ -th -s ([2014-05-26-1])#1856. ưľˡ߷ -eth 17Ⱦˤ -s ȯƤ ([2014-05-27-1])#1857. 3ñ -th -s Ѳθưϡ ([2014-05-28-1])#2141. 3ñ -th -s Ѳγס ([2015-03-08-1])#2156. C16b--C17a 3ñ -th -s Ѳ ([2015-03-23-1]) ʤɤ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2017-01-21 Sat

#2826. ϢָܵѸѸˤλͤפϤޤ [link][notice][diachrony][rensai][sobokunagimon]

120դǡָѸѸˤλͤꤹϢܵ򳫻ϤޤǯҤǤ줿رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡδϢȤƤϢܴƤǤȤϢޤĤġƤˤĤƤ­Ū󶡤Ƥ椯ͽǤ˰٤ΥڡȤʤޤܥ֥ȤȤˤꤤޤ
ơϡ֤ȤФ̻Ūˤߤ פȤϡ Ǥ2.1.3 ֶŪ̻ŪפǼ夲򡤾ܤʬ䤹겼ޤȤơ3.2ǰä֤ʤ *foots, *childs ǤϤʤ feet, children ʤΤפȤԵ§ʣפλ󤲤ƤޤŪǤϤʤ̻ŪʻįƤߤȡѤΤȤȤƼĥƤޤ
̻ (diachrony) ȶ (synchrony) ˤĤƤϡܥ֥Ǥ⤤ȹͤƤޤεˤȤ櫓ϢˤĤƤε򤴰ɤ
Ϣơ#2764. رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡ٤Ǥޤ ([2016-11-20-1]) #2806. رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡ٤δϢ ([2017-01-01-1]) ε⤴Ȥ

Referrer (Inside): [2019-05-22-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2017-01-01 Sun

#2806. رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡ٤δϢ [link][notice]

ޤƤǤȤޤ2017ǯ hellog ³Ƥޤɤꤤޤ
ǯȾˡܥ֥Ƥ⤪˼رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡǤޤѸ˴ϢʬȤƤϡ̤˥ޥʡΰȤߤƤֱѸˡפǤ¸߰յ򾯤Ǥ¿ΤäƤ餤ߤ򤤤СѸˤܳŪٶƤߤȤˤʤäƤ館ФȻפɮޤμɮưܥ֥μɮưȴ˰פƤޤΤǡξԤ碌ɤǤФȻפޤ
ؤϤƤαѸˡ٤νǤˤȤʤѥ˥󡦥 򸦵ҤΥߤƤꡤĥƥĤ䤷ƤǤ­ΥڡǤϡܽγƾбܥ֥ؤΥ󥯤¿ĥäƤޤΤǡܥ֥ɼԤˤؿäƤ館뤫Ȼפޤ⺣󥯤ɤɤäƤͽǤ
ܽƱݡƥȤΡϢܡ׵⡤ǯƱѥ˥󡦥ȤǸƤͽǤϢܴܽαĹȤ֤Ťǡܽ­ϢŪ󶡤ƤΤǤᤱпָˤ1󤬷Ǻܤ뤳ȤˤʤޤꤤޤϢơ#2764. رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡ٤Ǥޤ ([2016-11-20-1]) ⤴Ȥ
Ǥϡǯɤǯˤʤޤ褦ˡ

Referrer (Inside): [2017-01-21-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2016-12-25 Sun

#2799. Orijinz Quiz [link][etymology][hel_education]

Merry Christmas! ȤȤǡڤ򡥿ǯΤȤѸθ츻λ˴ؤƦμ򥫡ɲ Orijinz ȤʡˤäȤ롥ʥȤ˥᡼륢ɥ쥹ϿƤ餷 Orijinz Quiz Ȥ HP ؤΥ󥯤Ƥ䤢ꡤ˲񤫤Ƥ
Τʤ2ϤǤܥ֥ǤⰷäƤǤ롥Ĥϡ#2771. by and large ([2016-11-27-1]) ǰäФǤꡤ̤1Ĥϡ#1767. ͭ̾좪̾좪;̾ΰѲƤ guy ([2014-02-27-1]) äǤ롥

[ | ѥڡ ]

2016-11-20 Sun

#2764. رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡ٤Ǥޤ [toc][link][notice][sobokunagimon]

رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡ٤ҤǤޤȤܥ֥ε򸵤ˤƼɮƤΤǡʥ֥ɤǤƤˤϴؿäƤ館ΤǤϤʤȻפäƤޤѸؽԤ٤ϤΡѤʵפŰŪˤäƽ񤭤ޤ

naze_front_cover

δʤۤä夦رѸΡ֤ʤפϤƤαѸˡ١ҡ2016ǯ206ǡISBN: 978-43274016892200ߡ̡ˡ

ܽѥ˥󡦥

ܽϡAmazon.co.jp Υ饤ŹǤǽǤ



ˤ⤢褦ˡܽѥ˥󡦥ҤΥ֥ߤƤޤΤǡ⤴äˡޤܽξҲڡˬƤߤƤˤϡƾҲܼ䡤ѥ˥󡦥Ѥ˽񤭲ܽΤͤ餤ǺܤƤޤޤץPDFؤΥĥƤޤΤǡɤץǤϡ֤Ϥˡסܼסܽ pp. 26--30 2.1֤ʤ *a apple ǤϤʤ an apple ʤΤ2괧פʸΤɤळȤǤΤǡƤΥե󥰡ʢܥ֥˶ᤤǤˤĤȻפޤޤȤʤäƤ¿Ǥ夳Υѥ˥󡦥Ȥˤϡܽ˴ؤʤ뤤ϱѸ̤˴ؤ͡­򥢥åץɤƤͽǤޤܽƤȴϢ󶡤ϢܡפǤ
ܽΤͤ餤˾ܤǤܽϡֱѸ춵ϤȤѸˤ¿ˡɤǤ餤ȻפɮޤˤäȤϡˤҤ٤褦ˡѤʵפ򰷤ȤȡֱѸˡפΤ⤷ȤȤ뤳ȡɼԤˡܤڤθ̣äƤ餦ȤǤϤƤŪϤޤ̤Ƥ뤫ɤɼԤΤߤʤȿԤƤޤ
ѥ˥󡦥ˤܼܽޤѤ˾ܤСʲ˺ƸƤޤ



Ϥ

1ˤƱѸϸߤλѤˤʤäΤѸ
1.1Ѹˤλʬ
1.1.1ƻʬ̾
1.1.2ʬ
1.2
1.3ֻѲ
1.3.1Ѳ
1.3.2ֻѲ
1.4ʸˡѲ
1.5äѲ
1.6Ѹ¿
2ȯֻ˴ؤѤʵ
2.1ʤ *a apple ǤϤʤ an apple ʤΤ2괧
2.1.1첻Ϣ³򤱤뷹
2.1.2ҲǤ n æ
2.1.3Ū̻Ū
2.2ʤ̾ récord ʤΤư recórd ʤΤ̾ưפζѥ
2.2.1̾ưȤ
2.2.216θóȻ
2.2.3̾ưγط
2.2.4ѥβ
2.2.5ߤ̲
2.3ʤ often t ȯͤΤȯֻδط
2.3.1ֻȯ
2.3.2often εȯã
2.3.3ѲΤѲ
2.4ʤ five Ф fifth ʤΤűѸȯ§
2.4.1five θפ
2.4.2ͭ˶ޤȻҲͭ뵬§
2.4.3third βž
2.4.4first, second 佼ˡ
2.5ʤ name ϡ֥ʥפǤϤʤ֥ͥפȯΤѲȥޥå e
2.5.1<e>
2.5.2ʥޤͥ
2.5.3ѹˤڤȴ
2.5.4ֻݼ
2.6ʤ debt, doubt ˤȯʤ <b> Τͥ󥹴θ
2.6.1츻Ūֻ
2.6.2츻Ūֻ
2.6.3ե󥹸ˤ츻Ūֻ
3˴ؤѤʵ
3.1ʤ3ñ -s դΤޤŪ
3.1.1ŪŪ
3.1.2ŪǽŪ
3.1.3̻Ū
3.2ʤ *foots, *childs ǤϤʤ feet, children ʤΤ§Ե§ (1)
3.2.1§ʣ -s ε
3.2.2child ʣ children Ȥʤ櫓
3.2.3foot ʣϤʤ feet
3.2.4ٸԵ§ʣ
3.3sometimes -s ϲɽ魯ΤűѸγʤκ
3.3.1űѸ°
3.3.2űѸг
3.4ʤԵ§ư줬Τ§Ե§ (2)
3.4.1Ե§ưε§
3.4.2Υꥨ
3.4.3set -- set -- set
3.4.4ʤ go β went ˤʤΤ
3.5ʤ -ly դˤʤΤƻδط
3.5.1-ly ܼ
3.5.2-e οΰ
3.5.3ñ
4˴ؤѤʵ
4.1ʤ̤ɽ魯Τ will ѤΤ̤ȯã
4.1.1Ǥ̤ΤȤǤ will Ѥʤ
4.1.2Ѹ̤Ϥʤä
4.1.3Ѹ̤ȯã
4.2ʤ If I were a bird ȤʤΤˡοȻ¸
4.2.1be ư
4.2.2ˡľˡȤʪȹͤ
4.2.3ˡߤ should
4.3ʤѸˤϼ줬ɬפʤΤθ경 (1)
4.3.1;ιʸ
4.3.2;ιʸ;ιʸ
4.3.3Ѹ˻Ĥ;ιʸ
4.4ʤ *I you love ǤϤʤ I love you ʤΤθ경 (2)
4.4.1θδܸ
4.4.2űѸ줫Ѹؤθȯã
4.4.3°֤̾ of ȯã
4.4.4ʤѸ̾νϡ̾פʤΤ
4.5ʤ May the Queen live long! ϤθʤΤ may ȯã
4.5.1Ѹε may ȯã
4.5.2űѸ졦Ѹˤ뵧 may ˨
4.5.3ɸȤƤ may
5äỌ̇̄˴ؤѤʵ
5.1ʤ Help me! Ȥ϶֤ Aid me! Ȥ϶ФʤΤѸäγ (1)
5.1.1ܸäγ
5.1.2Ѹäγ
5.1.3žι¤
5.2ʤ Assist me! ȤϤʤ鶫ФʤΤѸäγ (2)
5.2.1Ѹä3ع¤
5.2.2ܸä3ع¤
5.2.33إԥߥåɹ¤
5.3ʤ1Ĥñ͡ʰ̣ΤƱ۵¿
5.3.1Ʊ۵
5.3.2though they Ʊ۵ͤ
5.3.3Ʊۢ
5.4ʤñΰ̣ΤȺǰ㤦Τñΰ̣Ѳ
5.4.1̣Ѳ෿
5.4.2deer μդηŪʰ̣Ѳ
5.4.3̣
5.5ѸοϤɤΤ褦˺Τή
5.5.1οκ
5.5.2
5.5.3ʣ
5.5.4
5.5.5Ƭ
6ȼҲ˴ؤѤʵ
6.1ʤꥫѸǤ r 򤽤ȯΤ r ȯȰ̱
6.1.1ꥹˤ r
6.1.2ꥫˤ r
6.1.3ꥹ饢ꥫϤä̱νп
6.1.4ִѼפ r
6.2ꥫѸϥꥹѸֿפΤ colonial lag ε
6.2.1ꥫѸΥƥ쥪
6.2.2֥ꥫѸ׿Ū׿ä
6.2.3֥ꥫѸݼŪ׿ä
6.2.4Ƥ෿ȶѹդμ줿
6.2.5ˤݼŪȤϲ
6.3ʤͱѸɸѸȰۤʤäƤΤѸѼи
6.3.1AAVE ε
6.3.2AAVE ħ
6.3.3ͱѸϤ˰ۤʤäƤΤͱѸιήʬ
6.3.4AAVE 3ñ -s
6.4ʤ̾ she ǼΤѸˤ른 (1)
6.4.1Ѹ
6.4.2Ūط
6.4.320θ
6.5ʤñ they Ȥ褦ˤʤäƤΤѸˤ른 (2)
6.5.13;ñ̾
6.5.2¤ϸŤ餢äñ they
6.5.3Ū he ο͹

????
Ѹǯɽ
ɽ

ˡʤѸˤؤ֤Τ

ʸ




[ | ѥڡ ]

2016-10-25 Tue

#2738. Book of Common Prayer (1549) King James Bible (1611) β [bible][book_of_common_prayer][popular_passage][hel_education][bl][history][literature][link][emode][printing]

ɽ2ĤνϡѸ˾礭ʱƶϤäѸǽ񤫤줿ʸǤ롥Ĥ䤫ѿ޽ۤǹϤ򸫤ĤΤǡơ1դΥ᡼ͿƤʲ򥯥åʸɤǡˡ

Book of Common Prayer (Of Matrimonie)King James Bible (Title-page)
Book of Common Prayer (Of Matrimonie)King James Bible (Title-page)


Book of Common Prayer King James Bible ˤĤƤϡơʲε򻲾ȡ

#2597. Book of Common Prayer (1549) ([2016-06-06-1])
#745. 뺧 wedlock ([2011-05-12-1])
#1803. Lord's Prayer ([2014-04-04-1])

BL Sacred Texts: King James Bible
The King James Bible - The History of English (4/10)

Referrer (Inside): [2018-11-27-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2016-10-19 Wed

#2732. British Library 󶡤Ѹ˳ؽ "English Timeline" "Words for time travellers" [hel_education][link][bl][chaucer]

The British Library "English Timeline" ȤѸ˳ؽѥƥĤ󶡤Ƥ롥#1456. John Walker A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary (1791) ([2013-04-22-1]) ǴϢ󥯤ĥä٤įƤȤʤʤ⤷ܲʤɤΥ᡼ƼǥΥƥĤ˭٤ǡȤΩ
ƱͤˡϢ륳ƥĤȤ Words for time travellers ⤢롥ƥȡ齬ΤĤƤΤ⤢ꡤȤƻȤ㤨СChaucer ˤĤ4ڡΥƥĤꡤʲΤ褦ʹˤʤäƤ롥

(1) Chaucer's English - page 1: Caxton Ǥ The Canterbury Tales ƥȤȼܲǺ
(2) Chaucer - page 2: ƥȤñˤ
(3) Chaucer - page 3: ñ˴ؤ齬
(4) Chaucer - page 4: β

#18. Ѹˤ򥪥饤dzؽǤ륵ȡ ([2009-05-16-1]) ǾҲ𤷤 BBC Ages of English Timeline ȤȤˡѸˤγؽˤɤ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2016-06-24 Fri

#2615. Ѹä [lexicology][loan_word][borrowing][statistics][link]

ѸäŪ (cosmopolitan) Ǥ롥350ʾθ줫äѤƤˤߤʤѤ³Ƥ롥ѸäȤˤˤĤơʲܥ֥ (http://user.keio.ac.jp/~rhotta/hellog/) δϢ뵭˥󥯤ĥäѸûˤ˴Ϣ󥯽ȤƤɤ

1ǤߤѸ
1.1äεϤ礭 (#45)
1.2äμ˭٤ (##756,309,202,429,845,1202,110,201,384)
2üѤȤϡ
2.1ʤäѤΤ (##46,1794)
2.2Ѥ5W1Hġɤǡï顤ɤΤ褦ˡʤڤꤿΤ (#37)
3ѸθüѤ (#1526)
3.1Φ (--449)
3.1.1ƥ (#1437)
3.2űѸ (449--1100)
3.2.1ȸ (##1216,2443)
3.2.2ƥ (#32)
3.2.3ťΥɸ (##340,818)
3.3Ѹ (1100--1500)
3.3.1ե󥹸 (##117,1210)
3.3.2ƥ (#120)
3.4Ѹ (1500--1700)
3.4.1ƥ (##114,478)
3.4.2ꥷ (#516)
3.4.3ޥ󥹽 (#2385)
3.5Ѹ (1700--1900) ȸѸ (1900--)
3.5.1ν (##874,2165)
4αѸäˤߤˤΰ仺
4.1ե󥹸ȥƥ줫μѸ (#2162)
4.2ưʪɽ魯ñ (##331,754)
4.3ä3ع¤ (##334,1296,335)
4.4Ѹθäζ (##1526,296,1630,1067)
5ߤ̤αѸ
5.1Ѱʳοθ (##873,875)
5.2äϻǤФ (##625,631,876,889)


[ ʸ ]

Hughes, G. A History of English Words. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.
Durkin, Philip. Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English. Oxford: OUP, 2014.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2016-05-13 Fri

#2573. Caxton ˤ Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye νʸ [caxton][lme][literature][printing][popular_passage][manuscript][link][me_text]

Ѹ˾ǽ˱Ѹǰ줿ܤϡWilliam Caxton ˤǡRecuyell of the Historyes of Troye (1475) Ǥ롥줿ϥ󥰥ɤǤϤʤCaxton νԤƤ Bruges äܤϡ̥衼åѤʸήԤ濴ä֥르˥εˤƤ褯ΤƤե󥹸ܤǤꡤ衼ȤΥ󥰥ɲ Edward IV ǥ֥르˥ Charles ˲ǤǤ Margaret äƤܤǤ⤢äᡤCaxton ϤƽǤ뤳Ȥ򾦵ȸƤ
̾ Historyes ϡϡˡʪˡפ˸ꤵ줺ʪˡפ̣Recuyell Ȥñϡִ󤻽פ̣ʤäơԻʸءפۤɤؤ˥եñѤΤǤꡤޤˤܤ̾ˤѤǤ롥
ʲˡѸ˾廸ȵܤνʸCrystal (32) ǤˤƸ褦

hEre begynneth the volume intituled and named the recuyell of the historyes of Troye / composed and drawen out of dyuerce bookes of latyn in to frensshe by the ryght venerable persone and wor-shipfull man . Raoul le ffeure . preest and chapelayn vnto the ryght noble gloryous and myghty prince in his tyme Phelip duc of Bourgoyne of Braband etc In the yere of the Incarnacion of our lord god a thou-sand foure honderd sixty and foure / And translated and drawen out of frenshe in to englisshe by Willyam Caxton mercer of ye cyte of London / at the comaūdemēt of the right hye myghty and vertuouse Pryncesse hys redoubtyd lady. Margarete by the grace of god . Du-chesse of Bourgoyne of Lotryk of Braband etc / Whiche sayd translacion and werke was begonne in Brugis in the Countee of Flaundres the fyrst day of marche the yere of the Incarnacion of our said lord god a thousand foure honderd sixty and eyghte / And ended and fynysshid in the holy cyte of Colen the . xix . day of Septembre the yere of our sayd lord god a thousand foure honderd sixty and enleuen etc.

And on that other side of this leef foloweth the prologe.


ʤRylands Medieval Collection The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye μܲ Ǥ롥

Crystal, David. Evolving English: One Language, Many Voices. London: The British Library, 2010.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2016-04-02 Sat

#2532. The Owl and the Nightingale ν [owl_and_nightingale][literature][eme][bibliography][link]

οǯ٤ˤϡѸƤ The Owl and the Nightingale ɤ߻ϤͽǤ롥äơñʽܤƤʸ٤ޤȤӤ̤ˤʤΤǡǤϼΩäΤ˸¤롥塤ɬפ˱ɲäƤ

[ Editions ]

Atkins, J. W. H., ed. The Owl and the Nightingale. New York: Russel & Russel, 1971. 1922.
Cartlidge, Neil, ed. The Owl and the Nightingale. Exeter: U of Exeter P, 2001.
Grattan, J. H. G. and G. F. H. Sykes, eds. The Owl and the Nightingale. Vol. 119 of EETS es. London: OUP, 1935.
Stanley, Eric Gerald, ed. The Owl and the Nightingale. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1972.
Treharne, Elaine, ed. Old and Middle English c. 890--c. 1450: An Anthology. 3rd ed. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

[ Editions for Part of the Text ]

Bennett, J. A. W. and G. V. Smithers, eds. Early Middle English Verse and Prose. 2nd ed. Oxford: OUP, 1968.
Burrow, J. A. and Thorlac Turville-Petre, eds. A Book of Middle English. 3rd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005.
Dickins, Bruce and R. M. Wilson, eds. Early Middle English Texts. London: Bowes, 1951.

[ Facsimile ]

Ker, N. R. The Owl and the Nightingale: Facsimile of the Jesus and Cotton Manuscripts. EETS os 251. London: 1963.

[ Studies ]

Cartlidge, Neil. "The Date of The Owl and the Nightingale." Medium Ævum 65 (1996): 230--47.
Fletcher, A. "Debate Poetry." Readings in Medieval Literature. Ed. D. Johnson and E. Treharne. Oxford: 2005. 241--56.
Hume, Kathryn. The Owl and the Nightingale: The Poem and Its Critics. Toronto, 1975.
Palmer, R. Barton. "The Narrator in The Owl and the Nightingale: A reader in the Text." Chaucer Review 22 (1988): 305--21.
Pearsal, Derek. Old English and Middle English Poetry. London: 1977. 91--4.
Reed, Thomas L. Middle English Debate Poetry and the Aesthetics of Irresolution. Columbia: 1990.
Salter, Elizabeth. English and International: Studies in the Literature, Art and patronage of Medieval England. Cambridge: 1988. Chapter 2.
Wilson, R. M. Early Middle English Literature. London: 1951. Chapter VII.

[ Online Resources ]

CMEPV: The Owl and the Nightingale (MS Cotton):
CMEPV: The Owl and the Nightingale (MS Jes. Col. 29)
CMEPV: MED Descriptions of CMEPV
LAEME: London, British Library, Cotton Caligula A ix, The Owl and the Nightingale, language 1
LAEME: London, British Library, Cotton Caligula A ix, The Owl and the Nightingale, language 2
LAEME: Oxford, Jesus College 29, part II, English on fols. 144r-195r; 198r-200v

Referrer (Inside): [2020-12-26-1]

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2016-03-05 Sat

#2504. Simon Horobin "A history of English . . . in five words" [link][hel_education][anglo-saxon][french][loan_word][lexicology][lexicography][johnson]

223դǡåեؤαѸ˳ؼ Simon Horobin ˤ A history of English . . . in five words ꤹ뵭־˥åפ줿Ѹ˸줿ǯ English, beef, dictionary, tea, emoji Ȥ5ñ夲ѸŪʴ饨å˥ȤƤ롥ϥѡ󥯤줿ѤΤ⡤ѸˤޤĤˤʸμ䤷ƤɼζǤ롥񤭤Τ
ʲ5ñγơˤĤơܥ֥δϢ뵭ˤ󥯤ĥäƤ

1. English or Anglo-Saxon

#33. 塼ȿͤ̾Τˡ ([2009-05-31-1])
#389. Angles, Saxons, and Jutes θϤȰܽ ([2010-05-21-1])
#1013. 󥰥ͤϤɤ֥ƥϤä ([2012-02-04-1])
#1145. English England ̾Ρ ([2012-06-15-1])
#1436. English England ̾ (2) ([2013-04-02-1])
#2353. ʤ󥰥ͤϥ󥰥ɤ򤫤᤯Τ ([2015-10-06-1])
#2493. 󥰥ͤϲäơͤϰ󤻤줿 ([2016-02-23-1])

2. beef

#331. ưʪȤɽñ ([2010-03-24-1])
#332. ưʪȤɽñפοá ([2010-03-25-1])
#1583. swine vs pork μҲŪյ ([2013-08-27-1])
#1603. ưʪȤɽñפǽ˻Ŧ͡ ([2013-09-16-1])
#1604. ưʪȤɽñפ򼡤˻Ŧͤ ([2013-09-17-1])
#1966. ʡʤäƤѸΰʪ˥塼 ([2014-09-14-1])
#1967. ˴ؤե󥹼Ѹ ([2014-09-15-1])
#2352. ưʪȤɽñפο (2) ([2015-10-05-1])

3. dictionary

#603. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (1) ([2010-12-21-1])
#604. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (2) ([2010-12-22-1])
#609. 켭17 ([2010-12-27-1])
#610. æ켭18 ([2010-12-28-1])
#726. ǤȤ뤫⤷ʤŪ Cawdrey μ ([2011-04-23-1])
#1420. Johnson's Dictionary ħȳס ([2013-03-17-1])
#1421. Johnson θѡ ([2013-03-18-1])
#1609. Cawdrey μǡ١ ([2013-09-22-1])

4. tea

#756. μѸ ([2011-05-23-1])
#1966. ʡʤäƤѸΰʪ˥塼 ([2014-09-14-1])

5. emoji

#808. smileys or emoticons ([2011-07-14-1])
#1664. CMC (computer-mediated communication) ([2013-11-16-1])

Ѹ̤ˤĤƤϡ#756. μѸ ([2011-05-23-1]), #1526. Ѹܸθûоɽ ([2013-07-01-1]) ϤȤơlexicology loan_word ʤɤε򻲾ȡ

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