űѸؽ椹ͭѤʼĤҲ𤹤롥
(1) Bosworth, Joseph. A Compendious Anglo-Saxon and English Dictionary. London: J. R. Smith, 1848.
(2) Bosworth, Joseph and Thomas N. Toller. Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Oxford: OUP, 1973. 1898. (Online version available at http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oe_bosworthtoller_about.html.)
(3) Hall, John R. C. A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Rev. ed. by Herbert T. Merritt. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1996. 1896. (Online version available at http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oe_clarkhall_about.html.)
(4) Healey, Antonette diPaolo, Ashley C. Amos and Angus Cameron, eds. The Dictionary of Old English in Electronic Form A--G. Toronto: Dictionary of Old English Project, Centre for Medieval Studies, U of Toronto, 2008. (see The Dictionary of Old English (DOE) and Dictionary of Old English Corpus (DOEC).)
(5) Sweet, Henry. The Student's Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon. Cambridge: CUP, 1976. 1896.
ΤΥȥ뤫ȤꡤܤԻˤϤޤޤǤ롥Ѥ Sweet ˻Ϥޤꡤά Hall 顤Ū Bosworth and Toller Фơǿ Healey et al. ˤŻ DOE ˻롥DOE ơűѸ켭֤褽19λʪǤ뤳Ȥܤͤ롥λˡ͡ʥ٥θűѸ켭ȼεϡҰռäԻ졤Ǥ줿ΤǤ롥
νդɸबΤޤäƤʤűѸμԻǤϡФɤΤ褦ֻΩƤ뤫ǺޤȤʤ롥ѼԤϡƤŬڤֻФʤ뤤ϰ֤δ֤餤ˤ뤫Ǥ롥绨ĤˤСŪ Sweet ΩƤ븫Фֻ "critical" ǵϼŪǤꡤǤŪ DOE "diplomatic" ǵҼŪǤ롥δ֤ˡˤ䤫 "critical" Hall ȴˤ䤫 "diplomatic" Bosworth and Toller ֤Ť롥
碌ƸűѸäγؽˤϡʲ2Ƥ
Barney, Stephen A. Word-Hoard: An Introduction to Old English Vocabulary. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale UP, 1985.
Holthausen, Ferdinand. Altenglisches etymologisches Wōrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, 1963.
Holthausen μϡűѸ츻ȤŪðۤϰ̤Ƥ뤬츻äؤܤȤݤˤΩġBarney ϡƱݤǡɤdzڤűѸñꥹȤǤ롥
դǡѸϢָܴѸѸˤλͤ6ε֤ʤѸä3ع¤Τ --- ͥΥƥ줫֤ȥޤ
äϡѸäؤֺݤξɤȤʤäƤ¿쥻åȤ˹¤ʤƤꡤʤΤ褦ʹ¤¸ߤΤȤѤʵˡŪʴäΤǤطʤˤϡѸ줬λμҲŪʸ̮ΤʤθܿƤаޤޤޤѸûˤҤȤƤȡ̣ȤˡܸûˤȤʿ⸫ƤޤоȸŪѸӤˤƤϡξΰ㤤Ĵ뷹ޤо˸ؤδߤȡȸûˤ˴ؤ¤ꡤξϤȤƤ褯ƤޤϢܵθȾǤϡƤޤ
Ѹáʤܸáˤ3ع¤ˤĤƤϡرѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡΤ5.1֤ʤ Help me! Ȥ϶֤ Aid me! Ȥ϶ФʤΤפ5.2֤ʤ Assist me! ȤϤʤ鶫ФʤΤפǤⰷäƤޤܥ֥Ǥ͡˵ƤΤǡΥʲĥäƤޤ碌ƤޤƱͤˤĤơ#1999. Chuo Online ε֥ʸΩŪ˻ס ([2014-10-17-1]) ǾҲ𤷤餴
#334. Ѹäλع¤ ([2010-03-27-1])
#1296. ع¤ɲá ([2012-11-13-1])
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#32. űѸ˼Ѥ줿ƥ ([2009-05-30-1])
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#120. ճ¿äѸΥƥѸ ([2009-08-25-1])
#1211. ѸΥƥѸΰ ([2012-08-20-1])
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#114. ѸμѸεȳ ([2009-08-19-1])
#1226. Ѹˤäǯʬۡ ([2012-09-04-1])
#2162. OED ˤե졦ƥ줫μѸοܡ ([2015-03-29-1])
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#1408. ([2013-03-05-1])
#1409. Ĥä졤ä ([2013-03-06-1])
#1410. Ƚ ([2013-03-07-1])
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#609. 켭17 ([2010-12-27-1])
#335. ܸäλع¤ ([2010-03-28-1])
#1630. 졤ʸ졤ץ ([2013-10-13-1])
#1629. ([2013-10-12-1])
#1067. Ѹȸܸθüѡ ([2012-03-29-1])
#296. 轡ѸܸͿŪƶ ([2010-02-17-1])
#1526. Ѹܸθûоɽ ([2013-07-01-1])
ѸäˤĤơ1ǯۤε ([2016-06-24-1]) ͡ʥĥäθ⤢ΤǡåץǡȤƤɤ߿ʤƤСѸûˤγפʬ롥
1ǤߤѸ
1.1äεϤ礭 (#898)
1.2äμ˭٤ (##756,309,202,429,845,1202,110,201,384)
1.3Ѹûˤγά (##37,1526,126,45)
2üѤȤϡ
2.1ʤäѤΤ (##46,1794)
2.2Ѥ5W1Hġɤǡï顤ɤΤ褦ˡʤڤꤿΤ (#37)
3ѸθüѤ (#1526)
3.1Φ (--449)
3.1.1ƥ (#1437)
3.2űѸ (449--1100)
3.2.1ȸ (##1216,2443)
3.2.2ƥ (#32)
3.2.3ťΥɸ (##2625,2693,340,818)
3.2.4űѸΤθ (##450,2556,648)
3.3Ѹ (1100--1500)
3.3.1ե (##117,1210)
3.3.2ƥ (##120,1211)
3.3.3Ѹθäεȳ (#985)
3.4Ѹ (1500--1700)
3.4.1ƥ (##478,114,1226)
3.4.2ꥷ (#516)
3.4.3ޥ (##2385,2162,1411,1638)
3.5Ѹ (1700--1900) ȸѸ (1900--)
3.5.1äȯ (##203,616)
3.5.2ν (##874,2165,2164)
4αѸäˤߤˤΰ仺
4.1եȥƥ줫μѸ (#2162)
4.2ưʪɽ魯ñ (##331,754)
4.3ä3ع¤ (##334,1296,335,1960)
4.4Ѹθäζ (##1645,296,1630,1067)
5ߤ̤αѸ
5.1Ѱʳοθ (##873,874,875)
5.2äϻǤФ (##625,631,876,889)
ѸûˤŤߤǺǽפȤʤ3ŦƤ
(1) ѸûˤϡѸ¾θήˤϢưƤ
(2) üѤưŤϡɬפΤߤǤϤʤ
(3) üѤˤ줬Ѥ߾夲Ƥ̤Ȥ3ع¤
դǡѸϢָܴѸѸˤλͤ5εalive ˸ءޤ
μĥϡְưפȤѲΥʥߥǤűѸ줫Ѹˤʲμ岽ü֡졤ֻäʤɡѸ˾ʤ̱ƶڤܤ礲ˤȡֱѸηϤɤ뤬פۤɤŪʥѥȤäݤǤ롤ȤȤ⤭ޤѸˤΥʥߥḁ̊ϤСȻפޤ
ʲˡ5εǿ줿̩ܤ˴ؤ hellog ؤΥĥäƤޤ碌ɤȡϢܵΤۤɤȻפޤ
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ֱѸȯֻЪΥפˤĤơDMMѲå֥˥ӥ塼ƤˤƤ餤ޤεåץɤ줿ΤǡϤҲ𤬤Ƥ顤Ϣ hellog ؤΥĥäƤޤΥȥϡФְŪʢѸȯ֤꤬פʤͳȤʹ˹Ԥä顤ȿͤˤƤΡָɡפȡפäפǤɤ
¤ʬ䤹ܻؤäȤȤޤǴάޤά뤢ޤꡤ٤ǤΡ뤤ϸ餺ʤȤ⤢Ȼפޤ¿αѸؽԤ˴ؿ⤿ФơѸˤδɤΤ褦ΤѸŪʸָƤ館褦ˡȤλפǤݤäƤ館ФȻפޤ??ɤǡʢפ̣äƤ
ơܥ֥ǤϡֱѸȯֻЪΥˤĤơspelling_pronunciation_gap ¿εƤޤΥӥ塼Ǥϡdebt ˤʤȯʤ <b> ΤȤä츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling) ȤƼ夲ޤӥ塼˸ڤΤŪʻȤδطǤϡä˰ʲε
debt <b> 桧#116. 츻֤֤ --- etymological respelling ([2009-08-21-1])
Ѹ through ֻ˸뺮𡧡#53. Ѹ through ֤515̤ ([2009-06-20-1])
15 through ֻμ«#193. 15 Chancery Standard through ΰ֤14̤ ([2009-11-06-1])
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1֤ۤɤΥӥ塼ǾäԤ褦ʥơޤǤϤޤǤɼԤΤߤʤˡޤѸˤȤʬ˴ؿȤʤСȤƤŪãǤ
420դǡѸϢָܴѸѸˤλͤ4ε֥ꥹѸ autumn ȥꥫѸ fall --- ʣŪͤΤޤ
ϡرѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡ6.1֤ʤꥫѸǤ r ȯΤפ6.2֥ꥫѸϥꥹѸֿפΤפǰäѸαƺˤĤơŪñΥڥ autumn vs fall 夲ơŪ˿⤷ޤñŪͤǤϤʤʣŪͤǸľȤΤݤǤ
ѸαƺϡѸˤΤʤǤȤ櫓͵ΤʤΤǡܥ֥Ǥ ame_bre ¿夲ƤޤϢܵǼ夲Ƥġ˴ؤܥ֥ȤƤϡʲȤ
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#2893. Beowulf Ƭ11ԡ ([2017-03-29-1]) ǵ11ԤǤʪʤפ줿Τǡͭ̾ (ship burial) εҤޤ Beowulf Ƭ52ԤѤȤϡ6--11˥ǥʥȥʸǸ줿̼ԤˡǤ롥
ʸ Jack ǤǡѸ Norton Anthology ˼ϿƤ륢ɤΥΡ٥ʸؾ Seamus Heaney ǤǤϤ롥
| OE | PDE translation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| a-verse | b-verse | ||
| Hwæt, wē Gār-Dena | in geārdagum, | So. The Spear-Danes in days gone by | |
| þēodcyninga | þrym gefrūnon, | and the kings who ruled them had courage and greatness. | |
| hū ðā æþelingas | ellen fremedon. | We have heard of those princes' heroic campaigns. | |
| Oft Scyld Scēfing | sceaþena þrēatum, | There was Shield Sheafson, scourge of many tribes, | |
| 5 | monegum mǣgþum | meodosetla oftēah, | a wrecker of mead-benches, rampaging among foes. |
| egsode eorl[as], | syððan ǣrest wearð | This terror of the hall-troops had come far. | |
| fēasceaft funden; | hē þæs frōfre gebād, | A foundling to start with, he would flourish later on | |
| wēox under wolcnum, | weorðmyndum þāh, | as his powers waxed and his worth was proved. | |
| oðþæt him ǣghwylc þ[ǣr] | ymbsittendra | In the end each clan on the outlying coasts | |
| 10 | ofer hronrāde | hȳran scolde, | beyond the whale-road had to yield to him |
| gomban gyldan. | Þæt wæs gōd cyning! | and begin to pay tribute. That was one good king. | |
| Ðǣm eafera wæs | æfter cenned | Afterward a boy-child was born to Shield, | |
| geong in geardum, | þone God sende | a cub in the yard, a comfort sent | |
| folce tō frōfre; | fyrenðearfe ongeat | by God to that nation. Hew knew what they had tholed, | |
| 15 | þ[e] hīe ǣr drugon | aldor[lē]ase | the long times and troubles they'd come through |
| lange hwīle. | Him þæs Līffrēa, | without a leader; so the Lord of Life, | |
| wuldres Wealdend | woroldāre forgeaf; | the glorious Almighty, made this man renowned. | |
| Bēowulf wæs brēme | ---blǣd wīde sprang--- | Shield had fathered a famous son: | |
| Scyldes eafera | Scedelandum in. | Beow's name was known through the north. | |
| 20 | Swā sceal [geong g]uma | gōde gewyrcean, | And a young prince must be prudent like that, |
| fromum feohgiftum | on fæder [bea]rme, | giving freely while his father lives | |
| þæt hine on ylde | eft gewunigen | so that afterward in age when fighting starts | |
| wilgesīþas | þonne wīg cume, | steadfast companions will stand by him | |
| lēode gelǣsten; | lofdǣdum sceal | and hold the line. Behavior that's admired | |
| 25 | in mǣgþa gehwǣre | man geþēon. | is the path to power among people everywhere. |
| Him ðā Scyld gewāt | tō gescæphwīle, | Shield was still thriving when his time came | |
| felahrōr fēran | on Frēan wǣre. | and he crossed over into the Lord's keeping. | |
| Hī hyne þā ætbǣron | tō brimes faroðe, | His warrior band did what he bade them | |
| swǣse gesīþas, | swā hē selfa bæd, | when he laid down the law among the Danes: | |
| 30 | þenden wordum wēold | wine Scyldinga; | they shouldered him out to the sea's flood, |
| lēof landfruma | lange āhte. | the chief they revered who had long ruled them. | |
| Þǣr æt hȳðe stōd | hringedstefna | A ring-whorled prow rode in the harbor, | |
| īsig ond ūtfūs, | æþelinges fær; | ice-clad, outbound, a craft for a prince. | |
| ālēdon þā | lēofne þēoden, | They stretched their beloved lord in his boat, | |
| 35 | bēaga bryttan | on bearm scipes, | laid out by the mast, amidships, |
| mǣrne be mæste. | Þǣr wæs mādma fela | the great ring-giver. Far-fetched treasures | |
| of feorwegum, | frætwa gelǣded; | were piled upon him, and precious gear. | |
| ne hȳrde ic cȳmlīcor | cēol gegyrwan | I never heard before of a ship so well furbished | |
| hildewǣpnum | ond heaðowǣdum, | with battle-tackle, bladed weapons | |
| 40 | billum ond byrnum; | him on bearme læg | and coats of mail. The massed treasure |
| mādma mænigo, | þā him mid scoldon | was loaded on top of him: it would travel far | |
| on flōdes ǣht | feor gewītan. | on out into the ocean's sway. | |
| Nalæs hī hine lǣssan | lācum tēodan, | They decked his body no less bountifully | |
| þēodgestrēonum, | þon þā dydon | with offerings than those first ones did | |
| 45 | þe hine æt frumsceafte | forð onsendon | who cast him away when he was a child |
| ǣnne ofer ȳðe | umborwesende. | and launched him alone out over the waves. | |
| Þā gȳt hie him āsetton | segen g[yl]denne | And they set a gold standard up | |
| hēah ofer hēafod, | lēton holm beran, | high above his head and let him drift | |
| gēafon on gārsecg. | Him wæs geōmor sefa, | to wind and tide, bewailing him | |
| 50 | murnende mōd. | Men ne cunnon | and mourning their loss. No man can tell, |
| secgan tō sōðe, | selerǣden[d]e, | no wise man in hall or weathered veteran | |
| hæleð under heofenum, | hwā þǣm hlæste onfēng. | knows for certain who salvaged that load. | |
Beowulf ϡűѸǽ줿ǤĹ3182ԡˤǤꡤ夫鸽¸ǤפʸغʤǤ롥ǥʥαͺ Beowulf ϥǥޡDzʪ Grendel ³Ƥ⻦Beowulf ϸ˥ǥ Geat ²βȤʤ뤬ǯϷƤε襤ह롥
νϡűѸ scop ȸƤФ줿ͷͤˤꡤϡפαդȤȤ˶㤸줿Ȥ롥¸ͣμܡ1731ǯβл»Ƥˤ1000ǯΤΤǤꡤ2ͤμ̻μˤʤ롥ԤԾܤǤꡤ줿ˤĤƤΤʤȤʬäƤʤ8ΩȤ⤢С11Ȥ⤢롥
Ƭ11Ԥ Crystal (18) ꡤѸդǰʲ˺Ƹ褦
1 HǷÆT ǷE GARDEna in ȝeardaȝum . Lo! we spear-Danes in days of old 2 þeodcyninȝa þrym ȝefrunon heard the glory of the tribal kings, 3 hu ða æþelinȝas ellen fremedon . how the princes did courageous deeds. 4 oft scyld scefing sceaþena þreatum Often Scyld Scefing from bands of enemies 5 monegū mæȝþum meodo setla ofteah from many tribes took away mead-benches, 6 eȝsode eorl[as] syððan ærest ƿearð terrified earl[s], since first he was 7 feasceaft funden he þæs frofre ȝebad found destitute. He met with comfort for that, 8 ƿeox under ƿolcum, ƿeorðmyndum þah, grew under the heavens, throve in honours 9 oðþ[æt] him æȝhƿylc þara ymbsittendra until each of the neighbours to him 10 ofer hronrade hyran scolde over the whale-road had to obey him, 11 ȝomban ȝyldan þ[æt] ƿæs ȝod cyninȝ. pay him tribute. That was a good king!
Ƭʬޤܲ (Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, fol. 132r) ϡǤ롥¾ʲΥȤ⻲ȡ
Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, Augustine of Hippo, Soliloquia; Marvels of the East; Beowulf; Judith, etc.: ܲǽ
Beowulf: BL ˤʪȼܤβ⡥
Beowulf Readings: űѸ츶ʸȡɤ߾夲פؤΥꡥ
Beowulf Translation: Ѹ
Diacritically-Marked Text of Beowulf facing a New Translation (with explanatory notes): űѸ츶ʸȸѸΥѥƥȡ
Crystal, David. Evolving English: One Language, Many Voices. London: The British Library, 2010.
321դǡѸϢָܴѸѸˤλͤ3ε֤ʤѸ첻ɽΤʤΤޤϡرѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡ2ϡȯֻ˴ؤѤʵפǼ夲ȴϢơäˡ첻ɽλפܤ겼ƹͤƤޤѸ첻ʲˤ첻ֻˤδطʣǤ뤳Ȥ˴ؤơʸˤδƤޤطʤˤϡ¤3ǯͥĶʪ줬Ȥسλ¤̣äƤ館ФȻפޤ
ʲˡ3εȴϢܥ֥ؤΥĥäƤޤ碌ƤȤ
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220ˡѸϢָܴѸѸˤλͤ2Ȥʤ֤ʤ3ñ -s դΤ ѼȤҤΥȤ˥åץɤޤ3ñ -s ˴ؤƤϡܥ֥Ǥ 3sp γƵǽƤޤΤΤϡѤʵפȤݤǤޤȤȤȤʤäƤޤɤ
ϢܵΤʤǤϿޤǤ3ñ -s Ūˤϡ3;ΡʣߤդĤޤʣפζޤʿŪ˹ͤɬפޤμݤ顤ܥ֥ǤϡʣפˤĤƤ 3pp ȤƥΤȤ͡Ƥޤ碌ƤȤ
ޤϢܵǤ⡤رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡǤ⡤ܤ夲ޤǤ -th äƤ3ñѸˤ -s ֤줿аޤ˴ؤ꤬ޤ⡤Ѹ˾塤ɴФζ̣ǤƤߤϡ#1855. ꥫѸ˿ʤǤ3ñ -th -s ([2014-05-26-1])#1856. ưľˡ߷ -eth 17Ⱦˤ -s ȯƤ ([2014-05-27-1])#1857. 3ñ -th -s Ѳθưϡ ([2014-05-28-1])#2141. 3ñ -th -s Ѳγס ([2015-03-08-1])#2156. C16b--C17a 3ñ -th -s Ѳ ([2015-03-23-1]) ʤɤ
120դǡָѸѸˤλͤꤹϢܵϤޤǯҤǤ줿رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡδϢȤƤϢܴƤǤȤϢޤĤġƤˤĤƤŪƤ椯ͽǤ˰٤ΥڡȤʤޤܥ֥ȤȤˤꤤޤ
ơϡ֤ȤФ̻Ūˤߤ פȤϡ Ǥ2.1.3 ֶŪ̻ŪפǼ夲ܤʬ䤹겼ޤȤơ3.2ǰä֤ʤ *foots, *childs ǤϤʤ feet, children ʤΤפȤԵ§ʣפλƤޤŪǤϤʤ̻ŪʻįƤߤȡѤΤȤȤƼĥƤޤ
̻ (diachrony) ȶ (synchrony) ˤĤƤϡܥ֥Ǥ⤤ȹͤƤޤεˤȤ櫓ϢˤĤƤεɤ
Ϣơ#2764. رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡ٤Ǥޤ ([2016-11-20-1]) #2806. رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡ٤δϢ ([2017-01-01-1]) ε⤴Ȥ
ޤƤǤȤޤ2017ǯ hellog ³Ƥޤɤꤤޤ
ǯȾˡܥ֥Ƥ⤪˼رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡǤޤѸ˴ϢʬȤƤϡ̤˥ޥʡΰȤߤƤֱѸˡפǤ¸߰յǤ¿ΤäƤ餤ߤСѸˤܳŪٶƤߤȤˤʤäƤ館ФȻפɮޤμɮưܥ֥μɮưȴ˰פƤޤΤǡξԤ碌ɤǤФȻפޤ
ؤϤƤαѸˡ٤νǤˤȤʤѥ˥ ҤΥߤƤꡤĥƥĤ䤷ƤǤΥڡǤϡܽγƾбܥ֥ؤΥ¿ĥäƤޤΤǡܥ֥ɼԤˤؿäƤ館뤫Ȼפޤ⺣ɤɤäƤͽǤ
ܽƱݡƥȤΡϢܡ⡤ǯƱѥ˥ȤǸƤͽǤϢܴܽαĹȤ֤ŤǡܽϢŪƤΤǤᤱпָˤ1Ǻܤ뤳ȤˤʤޤꤤޤϢơ#2764. رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡ٤Ǥޤ ([2016-11-20-1]) ⤴Ȥ
Ǥϡǯɤǯˤʤޤ褦ˡ
Merry Christmas! ȤȤǡڤǯΤȤѸθ츻λ˴ؤƦμɲ Orijinz ȤʡˤäȤ롥ʥȤ˥륢ɥ쥹ϿƤ餷 Orijinz Quiz Ȥ HP ؤΥƤ䤢ꡤ˲Ƥ
Τʤ2ϤǤܥ֥ǤⰷäƤǤ롥Ĥϡ#2771. by and large ([2016-11-27-1]) ǰäФǤꡤ̤1Ĥϡ#1767. ͭ̾좪̾좪;̾ΰѲƤ guy ([2014-02-27-1]) äǤ롥
رѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡ٤ҤǤޤȤܥ֥εˤƼɮƤΤǡʥ֥ɤǤƤˤϴؿäƤ館ΤǤϤʤȻפäƤޤѸؽԤ٤ϤΡѤʵפŰŪˤäƽޤ
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δʤۤä夦رѸΡ֤ʤפϤƤαѸˡ١ҡ2016ǯ206ǡISBN: 978-43274016892200ߡ̡ˡ ܽѥ˥⤴ ܽϡAmazon.co.jp Υ饤ŹǤǽǤ |
ɽ2ĤνϡѸ˾礭ʱƶϤäѸǽ줿ʸǤ롥Ĥ䤫ѿۤǹϤĤΤǡơ1դΥͿƤʲåʸɤǡˡ
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| Book of Common Prayer (Of Matrimonie) | King James Bible (Title-page) |
The British Library "English Timeline" ȤѸ˳ؽѥƥĤƤ롥#1456. John Walker A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary (1791) ([2013-04-22-1]) ǴϢĥä٤įƤȤʤʤ⤷ܲʤɤΥƼǥΥƥĤ˭٤ǡȤΩ
ƱͤˡϢ륳ƥĤȤ Words for time travellers ⤢롥ƥȡ齬ΤĤƤΤ⤢ꡤȤƻȤ㤨СChaucer ˤĤ4ڡΥƥĤꡤʲΤ褦ʹˤʤäƤ롥
(1) Chaucer's English - page 1: Caxton Ǥ The Canterbury Tales ƥȤȼܲǺ
(2) Chaucer - page 2: ƥȤñˤ
(3) Chaucer - page 3: ñ˴ؤ齬
(4) Chaucer - page 4: β
#18. Ѹˤ饤dzؽǤ륵ȡ ([2009-05-16-1]) ǾҲ𤷤 BBC Ages of English Timeline ȤȤˡѸˤγؽˤɤ
ѸäŪ (cosmopolitan) Ǥ롥350ʾθ줫äѤƤˤߤʤѤ³Ƥ롥ѸäȤˤˤĤơʲܥ֥ (http://user.keio.ac.jp/~rhotta/hellog/) δϢ뵭˥ĥäѸûˤ˴ϢȤƤɤ
1ǤߤѸ
1.1äεϤ礭 (#45)
1.2äμ˭٤ (##756,309,202,429,845,1202,110,201,384)
2üѤȤϡ
2.1ʤäѤΤ (##46,1794)
2.2Ѥ5W1Hġɤǡï顤ɤΤ褦ˡʤڤꤿΤ (#37)
3ѸθüѤ (#1526)
3.1Φ (--449)
3.1.1ƥ (#1437)
3.2űѸ (449--1100)
3.2.1ȸ (##1216,2443)
3.2.2ƥ (#32)
3.2.3ťΥɸ (##340,818)
3.3Ѹ (1100--1500)
3.3.1ե (##117,1210)
3.3.2ƥ (#120)
3.4Ѹ (1500--1700)
3.4.1ƥ (##114,478)
3.4.2ꥷ (#516)
3.4.3ޥ (#2385)
3.5Ѹ (1700--1900) ȸѸ (1900--)
3.5.1ν (##874,2165)
4αѸäˤߤˤΰ仺
4.1եȥƥ줫μѸ (#2162)
4.2ưʪɽ魯ñ (##331,754)
4.3ä3ع¤ (##334,1296,335)
4.4Ѹθäζ (##1526,296,1630,1067)
5ߤ̤αѸ
5.1Ѱʳοθ (##873,875)
5.2äϻǤФ (##625,631,876,889)
[ ʸ ]
Hughes, G. A History of English Words. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.
Durkin, Philip. Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English. Oxford: OUP, 2014.
Ѹ˾ǽ˱Ѹǰ줿ܤϡWilliam Caxton ˤǡRecuyell of the Historyes of Troye (1475) Ǥ롥줿ϥɤǤϤʤCaxton νԤƤ Bruges äܤϡ̥衼åѤʸήԤ濴ä֥르˥εˤƤ褯ΤƤեܤǤꡤ衼ȤΥɲ Edward IV ǥ֥르˥ Charles ˲ǤǤ Margaret äƤܤǤ⤢äᡤCaxton ϤƽǤ뤳ȤȸƤ
̾ Historyes ϡϡˡʪˡפ˸ꤵ줺ʪˡפ̣Recuyell Ȥñϡִפ̣ʤäơԻʸءפۤɤؤ˥եñѤΤǤꡤޤˤܤ̾ˤѤǤ롥
ʲˡѸ˾廸ȵܤνʸCrystal (32) ǤˤƸ褦
hEre begynneth the volume intituled and named the recuyell of the historyes of Troye / composed and drawen out of dyuerce bookes of latyn in to frensshe by the ryght venerable persone and wor-shipfull man . Raoul le ffeure . preest and chapelayn vnto the ryght noble gloryous and myghty prince in his tyme Phelip duc of Bourgoyne of Braband etc In the yere of the Incarnacion of our lord god a thou-sand foure honderd sixty and foure / And translated and drawen out of frenshe in to englisshe by Willyam Caxton mercer of ye cyte of London / at the comaūdemēt of the right hye myghty and vertuouse Pryncesse hys redoubtyd lady. Margarete by the grace of god . Du-chesse of Bourgoyne of Lotryk of Braband etc / Whiche sayd translacion and werke was begonne in Brugis in the Countee of Flaundres the fyrst day of marche the yere of the Incarnacion of our said lord god a thousand foure honderd sixty and eyghte / And ended and fynysshid in the holy cyte of Colen the . xix . day of Septembre the yere of our sayd lord god a thousand foure honderd sixty and enleuen etc.
And on that other side of this leef foloweth the prologe.
ʤRylands Medieval Collection The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye μܲ Ǥ롥
Crystal, David. Evolving English: One Language, Many Voices. London: The British Library, 2010.
οǯ٤ˤϡѸƤ The Owl and the Nightingale ɤϤͽǤ롥äơñʽܤƤʸ٤ޤȤӤ̤ˤʤΤǡǤϼΩäΤ˸¤롥塤ɬפ˱ɲäƤ
[ Editions ]
Atkins, J. W. H., ed. The Owl and the Nightingale. New York: Russel & Russel, 1971. 1922.
Cartlidge, Neil, ed. The Owl and the Nightingale. Exeter: U of Exeter P, 2001.
Grattan, J. H. G. and G. F. H. Sykes, eds. The Owl and the Nightingale. Vol. 119 of EETS es. London: OUP, 1935.
Stanley, Eric Gerald, ed. The Owl and the Nightingale. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1972.
Treharne, Elaine, ed. Old and Middle English c. 890--c. 1450: An Anthology. 3rd ed. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
[ Editions for Part of the Text ]
Bennett, J. A. W. and G. V. Smithers, eds. Early Middle English Verse and Prose. 2nd ed. Oxford: OUP, 1968.
Burrow, J. A. and Thorlac Turville-Petre, eds. A Book of Middle English. 3rd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005.
Dickins, Bruce and R. M. Wilson, eds. Early Middle English Texts. London: Bowes, 1951.
[ Facsimile ]
Ker, N. R. The Owl and the Nightingale: Facsimile of the Jesus and Cotton Manuscripts. EETS os 251. London: 1963.
[ Studies ]
Cartlidge, Neil. "The Date of The Owl and the Nightingale." Medium Ævum 65 (1996): 230--47.
Fletcher, A. "Debate Poetry." Readings in Medieval Literature. Ed. D. Johnson and E. Treharne. Oxford: 2005. 241--56.
Hume, Kathryn. The Owl and the Nightingale: The Poem and Its Critics. Toronto, 1975.
Palmer, R. Barton. "The Narrator in The Owl and the Nightingale: A reader in the Text." Chaucer Review 22 (1988): 305--21.
Pearsal, Derek. Old English and Middle English Poetry. London: 1977. 91--4.
Reed, Thomas L. Middle English Debate Poetry and the Aesthetics of Irresolution. Columbia: 1990.
Salter, Elizabeth. English and International: Studies in the Literature, Art and patronage of Medieval England. Cambridge: 1988. Chapter 2.
Wilson, R. M. Early Middle English Literature. London: 1951. Chapter VII.
[ Online Resources ]
CMEPV: The Owl and the Nightingale (MS Cotton):
CMEPV: The Owl and the Nightingale (MS Jes. Col. 29)
CMEPV: MED Descriptions of CMEPV
LAEME: London, British Library, Cotton Caligula A ix, The Owl and the Nightingale, language 1
LAEME: London, British Library, Cotton Caligula A ix, The Owl and the Nightingale, language 2
LAEME: Oxford, Jesus College 29, part II, English on fols. 144r-195r; 198r-200v
223դǡåեؤαѸ˳ؼ Simon Horobin ˤ A history of English . . . in five words ꤹ뵭־˥åפ줿Ѹ˸줿ǯ English, beef, dictionary, tea, emoji Ȥ5ñ夲ѸŪʴ饨å˥ȤƤ롥ϥѡ줿ѤΤ⡤ѸˤޤĤˤʸμ䤷ƤɼζǤ롥Τ
ʲ5ñγơˤĤơܥ֥δϢ뵭ˤĥäƤ
1. English or Anglo-Saxon
#33. 塼ȿͤ̾Τˡ ([2009-05-31-1])
#389. Angles, Saxons, and Jutes θϤȰܽ ([2010-05-21-1])
#1013. ͤϤɤ֥ƥϤä ([2012-02-04-1])
#1145. English England ̾Ρ ([2012-06-15-1])
#1436. English England ̾ (2) ([2013-04-02-1])
#2353. ʤͤϥɤΤ ([2015-10-06-1])
#2493. ͤϲäơͤϰ줿 ([2016-02-23-1])
2. beef
#331. ưʪȤɽñ ([2010-03-24-1])
#332. ưʪȤɽñפοá ([2010-03-25-1])
#1583. swine vs pork μҲŪյ ([2013-08-27-1])
#1603. ưʪȤɽñפǽ˻Ŧ͡ ([2013-09-16-1])
#1604. ưʪȤɽñפ˻Ŧͤ ([2013-09-17-1])
#1966. ʡʤäƤѸΰʪ˥塼 ([2014-09-14-1])
#1967. ˴ؤեѸ ([2014-09-15-1])
#2352. ưʪȤɽñפο (2) ([2015-10-05-1])
3. dictionary
#603. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (1) ([2010-12-21-1])
#604. ǽαѱѼ A Table Alphabeticall (2) ([2010-12-22-1])
#609. 켭17 ([2010-12-27-1])
#610. æ켭18 ([2010-12-28-1])
#726. ǤȤ뤫⤷ʤŪ Cawdrey μ ([2011-04-23-1])
#1420. Johnson's Dictionary ħȳס ([2013-03-17-1])
#1421. Johnson θѡ ([2013-03-18-1])
#1609. Cawdrey μǡ١ ([2013-09-22-1])
4. tea
#756. μѸ ([2011-05-23-1])
#1966. ʡʤäƤѸΰʪ˥塼 ([2014-09-14-1])
5. emoji
#808. smileys or emoticons ([2011-07-14-1])
#1664. CMC (computer-mediated communication) ([2013-11-16-1])
Ѹ̤ˤĤƤϡ#756. μѸ ([2011-05-23-1]), #1526. Ѹܸθûоɽ ([2013-07-01-1]) ϤȤơlexicology loan_word ʤɤεȡ
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