hellogѸ˥֥     ChangeLog ǿ     ƥǿ     1 2 ڡ / page 1 (2)

inkhorn_term - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-08-30 01:44

2025-04-30 Wed

#5847Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷѸΰ֤Ť --- ᴩؤȤФʸ18ý [greek][lexicology][neologism][scientific_name][scientific_english][word_formation][emode][contrastive_language_history][inkhorn_term][combining_form][compound][prefix][suffix]


ܤΥ޻ (ԡˡؤȤФʸ18桧ϵܸʸͤ١ǡ2025ǯ425



Ǥλ425˴Ԥ줿λȡΤʤǤýˤĤƤϡ#5824. ᴩؤȤФʸ18ýָäʸζ岽 --- оȸˤλס ([2025-04-07-1]) ӡ#5845. ؤȤФʸýоȸˤ鸫äʸζ岽פγͤγפ򤴾Ҳ ([2025-04-28-1]) ǾҲ𤷤̤Ǥ롥ý1ԤͤƤƤꡤΥȥϡֱѸäζ岽 --- Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷѸפǤ롥ʲơ򼨤



1. Ϥ

ܹƤǤϱѸûˤˤ륮ꥷαƶ롥ѸäĹˤ¿θ줫ƶƤʤǤ⥮ꥷ줫μѤðۤʰ֤Ƥ롥ä˳ؽѸʳصѸˤơꥷαƶϸ˻ޤ³Ƥ롥

2. ѸΥꥷȤνв

ѸȥꥷܳŪʽв񤤤15̤롥ޤǤƥ𤷤ŪʼѤϤäľŪʼѤ϶ˤƸ¤Ƥ15ˤʤȡͥ󥹤αƶǸŵؤδؿޤꡤ󥰥ɤǤ⥮ꥷγؽޤä
1453ǯΥ󥹥ƥΡץ塤¿ΥꥷؼԤ˴̿ꥷȤܿäȤطʤˤ롥λμѸˤϡůءءʸˡʤɤʬѸ줬¿ޤޤƤ

3. ѸΥꥷ줫μѸ

1618ˤƤνѸϡѸθä礭礷Ǥ롥λꥷ줫μѤŪä
ħŪʤΤϡ֥סinkhorn_term) ȸƤФ٤˳ؽŪʸäνиǤ롥ϼ˳ؼԤʸͤˤäƻѤ졤̤ο͡ˤ򤬺ǤäȤСadjuvate ʱ, deruncinate ʽ𤹤ˤʤɤθϸѸˤϻĤäƤʤconfidence ʿ, education ʶ, encyclopedia ɴʻŵˤʤɤνפñ⤳λƳ줿
ޤꥷͳƬanti-, hyper-, proto- ʤɡˤ-ism, -ize ʤɡˤѸθΤ˼줿ȤפǤ롥ܼϡḽˤƿǰɽ뤿ζϤƻȤʤä

4. ؽѸȿŵʣ

19ȡʳصѤȯŸȼꥷǤѤθȯ
ʬɽ -ic/-ics/-logyrhetoric, economics, philology ʤɡˤڤ¿οʬ̾Τ˺Ѥ줿ޤϢcombining_formˤѤ¤ˡΩ줿㤨Сtele- ʱ󤤡+ -phone ʲˢ telephone, micro- ʾ+ -scope ʸˢ microscope ʤɡκüѤɽѸ줬ˡǺ줿
ư -ize/-iseinternationalize, modernize ʤɡˤ䡤ۤɽ -ismcapitalism, socialism ʤɡˤ⹭Ѥ褦ˤʤä
ΥꥷǤѤ¤ˡϡŪˤ졤ʳؤιݲ礭׸ͳȤƤϡν𤵡Ω̩ηʤɤ󤲤롥

5. ḽζͭ⻺Ȥ

ǤϡꥷͳθäϱѸΤߤʤ餺¿θ˶ͭŪʻ񸻤ȤʤäƤ롥㤨Сcardiology ʿ¡ء, neurology ʿгء, psychology ʿءˤʤɤѸǶ̤ƻѤƤ롥
ǯΥԥ塼ʳؤ󵻽ѤʬǤ⡤cyber- ʥС, tele- ʱ֡, crypto- ʰŹˤʤɤΥꥷͳϢϽפ̤Ƥ롥
ޤäˤ anti- ȿ, hyper- Ķ, mega- ʵ, -phobia ʶݾɡ, -mania ǮˤʤɤΥꥷͳƬƩƤ롥
Τ褦ˡꥷαƶϱѸˤ̤Ʒ³Ū˸뤬ä˶ʹߡʳصѤȯŸȹݲǽƤ⡤ǰ䵻ѤνиȼꥷǤѤ¤³ȤǤ

6. ˡ

Ѹäζ岽ˤ륮ꥷϡŪˤʸŪˤפʸơޤǤ³




ʸǤϡ¿ñȿޤȤ߹ߤʤƤ롥ǤʩʻˡˤȤ¾μɮԤоȸŪʡ֥ĥåߡפ12äƤꡤɮԼȤˤȤäƤؤ٤뤳Ȥ¿äҤɤߤС

δֱѸäζ岽 --- Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷѸסýָäʸζ岽 --- оȸˤλס Ϻ ԡ δԡˡˡؤȤФʸ18桧ϵܸʸͤ١ܤΥ޻ҡԡˡˡǡ2024ǯ42562--73ǡ

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2025-04-10 Thu

#5827. Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷѸΰ֤Ť --- ޥɥޥåײ [greek][lexicology][neologism][scientific_name][scientific_english][word_formation][emode][contrastive_language_history][inkhorn_term][combining_form][compound][mindmap]


ܤΥ޻ (ԡˡؤȤФʸ18桧ϵܸʸͤ١ǡ2025ǯ425



47ε#5824. ᴩؤȤФʸ18ýָäʸζ岽 --- оȸˤλס ([2025-04-07-1]) ǾҲ𤷤ýءԤͤƤƤޤơޤϡֱѸäζ岽 --- Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷѸפǤʲƤޥɥޥåײΤ򼨤ޤʲȤƤɤˡ



Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷΰ֤Ťϡƥ졤ե󥹸졤ťΥɸʤɤ٤ȥޥʡΤ꤫⤷ޤ󤬡겼ƤߤȤ⤷ǤҤܤ

δֱѸäζ岽 --- Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷѸסýָäʸζ岽 --- оȸˤλס Ϻ ԡ δԡˡˡؤȤФʸ18桧ϵܸʸͤ١ܤΥ޻ҡԡˡˡǡ2024ǯ42562--73ǡ

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2022-12-04 Sun

#4969. splendid ƱΥ饤 [cognate][synonym][lexicology][inkhorn_term][emode][borrowing][loan_word][renaissance][oed][timeline]

Ǥˡ#3157. ʤ splendid Ʊ ([2017-12-18-1]) Ǽ夲ǤҤͤäƤߤޤsplendid ʹڤʡʡΩɤʡ굱ˤȤƥư splendēre "to be bright or shining" ͳ褹ƻǤѸ˾塤Ʊ줬߽ФƤޤεǿʤäΤޤ OED Ĵ٤ñ󤹤ȡѸ13줢ޤ

resplendant, resplendent, resplending, splendacious, splendant, splendent, splendescent, splendid, splendidious, splendidous, splendiferous, splendious, splendorous


OED ˵ܤΤǯʤѸξϺǽǯˤ˴ŤƸΰ򥿥饤˥ץåȤƤߤΤʲοޤǤȤ櫓16--17˿о줬椷Ƥޤ

splendid and its synonyms

ۤ1796ǯ˽Ф resplendidly Ȥ1859ǯ˽Ф many-splendoured Ȥƻʤɡ碌ƹͤ⤢ޤˤѸˤΤʤ׼ѡʤ뤤¤ˤˤ϶äޤ͡

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2022-09-19 Mon

#4893. King's English Queen's English νǯ [emode][monarch][oed][inkhorn_term][voicy][heldio]

8˥ꥶ٥ (Elizabeth II) ˴ʤꡤ19˥ȥߥ󥹥ˤƹ򤬱ĤޤͽȤΤȤǤ֤ϥꥹ˾Ĺ70ǯޤ1ĤˤǤơ㡼륺 (Charles III) ¨̤ޤ
ޤ Queen's English ȸƤФƤ륤ꥹɸѸϡ King's English ȤƾΤ˲󵢤뤳ȤˤʤȻפޤε King's English Queen's English ȤƤˤĤƾĴ١ī Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)פˤ#476. King's English Queen's EnglishꤷƤ٤äƤߤޤ



ǿ줿 OED ˤξɽνФˤĤơʲäƤޤޤKing's English ˤĤƤϡking, n. βǡΤ褦㤬ͿƤޤ

 King's English n. [apparently after king's coin n.] (chiefly with the) the English language regarded as under the guardianship of the King of England; (hence) standard or correct English, usually taken as that written and spoken by educated people in Britain; cf. Queen's English n. at queen n. Compounds 3b.

   1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. f. 86 These fine Englishe clerkes, will saie thei speake in their mother tongue, if a man should charge them for counterfeityng the kynges English.
   a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. iv. 5 Abusing of Gods patience, and the Kings English.
   1787 Eng. Rev. May 284 That fervent zeal which now displays itself among all ranks of persons,..to circulate the purity of the king's English among them.
   1836 E. Howard Rattlin xxxv. 144 They..put the king's English to death so charmingly.
   1941 W. J. Cash Mind of South i. i. 28 Smelly old fellows with baggy pants and a capacity for butchering the king's English.
   2003 E. Stuart Entropy & Alchemy vi. 71 The British, custodians of the King's English and supposedly so careful and conscientious with words.


king's coin ʹŲߤ˹ޤƤ񲦤ξˤǤϤʤȤȤǤɤʤΤǤ礦ʤߤ˽Ф1553ǯȤΤϡEdward VI Mary I Ȥ¨̤ǯǤ⤢ꡤ̣ߥ󥰤ǤϤޤ󶡤Ƥ T(homas) Wilson ˤĤƤϡ#576. inkhorn term ȱѸ켭 ([2010-11-24-1])#1408. ([2013-03-05-1])#1410. Ƚ󵢡 ([2013-03-07-1])#2479. ѸθüѤФȿưȤƤθϤɤޤܵä ([2016-02-09-1])#4093. ɸѸλϤޤϥͥ󥹴 ([2020-07-11-1]) ʤɤ򻲾ȡ
Queen's English ߤƤߤޤ礦queen, n. βǡΤ褦˵ҤƤޤФ1592ǯ Elizabeth I Ǥ

 Queen's English n. (usually with the) the English language regarded as under the guardianship of the Queen of England; (hence) standard or correct English, usually as written and spoken by educated people in Britain; cf. King's English n. at king n. Compounds 5b.

   1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes sig. B1v He must be running on the letter, and abusing the Queenes English without pittie or mercie.
   a1753 P. Drake Memoirs (1755) II. iii. 81 He was pretty far overcome by the Champaign, for he clipped the Queen's English.
   1848 Southern Literary Messenger 14 636/2 'On' yesterday, (another Southern emendation of the Queen's English, which is funny enough,) I was so unfortunate [etc.].
   1867 F. S. Cozzens Sayings 82 In fact, that arbitrary style of speaking which is commonly known as the Queen's English.
   1885 Punch 4 July 5/2 (heading) The Premier's Primer; or Queen's English as she is wrote.
   1902 F. Hume Fever of Life 146 I! Oh, how can you? I speak the Queen's English.
   1991 K. Waterhouse English our English p. xvii The more slipshod English in circulation, the wider the assumption that it doesn't matter any more, that the Queen's English is by now the quaint preserve of pedants.
   2006 PC Gamer Apr. 79/1 This doesn't mean that the cast of characters suddenly speak the Queen's English with cut-glass accents and quote Shakespeare.


ɤޤʸФƤꡤ OED ȴޤξɽȤǯ夬16ȤΤޤ⤷ȤǤѹͥ󥹤οˤäƥ䥮ꥷʤɤθŵФƴ줬ޤäƤޤΰǥʥ顼ǤѸؤμ⾯ĿޤäƤƤޤιμ٤ִפȤơΥȥåפǤ뷯礬Ф줿ȤϼʤȤǤߤޤ400ǯʾ³ƤȤΤϡϤ©ĹȤȻפޤ

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2022-02-12 Sat

#4674. ֽѸˤóȽλߡ [slide][contrastive_linguistics][lexicology][borrowing][loan_word][emode][renaissance][inkhorn_term][latin][japanese_history][contrastive_language_history]

3ΤȤǤ122ڡˤˡҤȡȤХեΥݥָˤȸŪץå оȸˡפλפΰĤȤơֽѸˤóȽλߡפä뵡򤤤ޤZoom ˤ륪饤ȯɽǤθΥǥåޤᡤؤٶˤʤ֤ǤżԤϤᡤݥ¾żԤʼԻüԤγͤ˴տ夲ޤ꤬Ȥޤ
ȯɽϡǤ͡ʵ˸ɽƤȤȤؤˤޤǤϥݥ˴ޤޤоȸˡ (contrastive_linguistics) ռơȤ櫓ܸˤˤóȽˤȤоȤռʤޤ
Ѥޤ饤ɤܥ֥ؤΥ󥯤¿ĥƤޤΤǡ碌ƤȤ

1. ҤȡȤХեˤȸŪץå оȸˡפλѸˤóȽλ
2. ѸˤóȽλ
3. ܼ
4. 1. Ϥ --- 16󥰥ɼҲѲ
5. 2. 缺ĴɤαѸ --- ƥؤΰ¸ȥƥ줫Ω
6. Ѹ줬Ƥ3ĤǺ
7. 3. Ωܻؤ
8. 4. ¸ɤοޤ (1) --- 츻Ūֻ
9. 5. ¸ɤοޤ (2) --- óȽ
10. ץѡäĤѡ
11. 6.֥פ̼
12. 7. ̼Ѥؤȿ
13. 8. 졤ץ졤ʸоȸ
14. 9. ޤȤ
15. óȽȡѤоȸ
16. ʸ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-05-25-1]

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2021-07-28 Wed

#4475. Love's Labour's Lost 츻ŪֻεΤ [shakespeare][mulcaster][etymological_respelling][popular_passage][inkhorn_term][latin][loan_word][spelling_pronunciation][silent_letter][orthography]

ʤ doubt ֻˤȯʤ <b> ΤȤΤϱѸֻ˴ؤѤʵ֤Ǥ롥ޤǤ¿εǼ夲ƤפʤΤ򤤤Ĥ󤲤Ƥ

#1943. Holofernes --- 츻Ūֻ黿ԡ ([2014-08-22-1])
#3333. ʤ doubt ֻˤȯʤ b Τ ([2018-06-12-1])
#3227. ֺ¡֥ڥ󥰤ǤɤѸˡפ4doubt <b>--- ѸΥڥ󥰡ס ([2018-02-26-1])
ְŪʢѸȯ֤꤬פʤͳȤʹ˹Ԥä顤ȿͤˤƤΡָɡפȡפäDMMѲå֥ˤ륤󥿥ӥ塼

doubt <b> ˤĤƤϡ16ͭ̾ʸڤ롥Shakespeare ˤδ Love's Labour's Lost Τʤǡоʪ1͡ʳؼԤ Holofernes (ˤϼºߤ Richard Mulcaster ǥȤȤˤ <b> ȯ٤ȼĥ뤯꤬롥δ1593--94ǯ˽񤫤줿Ȥ뤬ޤ inkhorn_term 褬깭ƤΤäcf. #1408. ([2013-03-05-1])ˡλطʤǰƬ Holofernes ɤȡ̣襤ѤäƤ롥γ˿ʬϡ#1943. Holofernes --- 츻Ūֻ黿ԡ ([2014-08-22-1]) ǰѤ⤦Ĺˡ1623ǯ1եꥪưѤSmith Ǥ pp. 195--96 ˡ

Actus Quartus.
Enter the Pedant, Curate and Dull.

Ped. Satis quid sufficit.
Cur. I praise God for you sir, your reasons at dinner haue beene sharpe & sententious: pleasant without scurrillity, witty without affection, audacious without impudency, learned without opinion, and strange without heresie: I did conuerse this quondam day with a companion of the Kings, who is intituled, nominated, or called, Dom Adriano de Armatha.
Ped. Noui hominum tanquam te, His humour is lofty, his discourse peremptorie: his tongue filed, his eye ambitious, his gate maiesticall, and his generall behauiour vaine, ridiculous, and thrasonical. He is too picked, too spruce, to affected, too odde, as it were, too peregrinat, as I may call it.
Cur. A most singular and choise Epithat,
Draw out his Table-booke,
Ped. He draweth out the thred of his verbositie, finer than the staple of his argument. I abhor such phnaticall phantasims, such insociable and poynt deuise companions, such rackers of ortagriphie, as to speake dout fine, when he should say doubt; det, when he shold pronounce debt; d e b t, not det: he clepeth a Calf, Caufe: halfe, hawfe; neighbour vocatur nebour; neigh abreuiated ne: this is abhominable, which he would call abhominable: it insinuateth me of infamie: ne inteligis domine, to make franticke, lunaticke?
Cur. Laus deo, bene intelligo.
Ped. Bome boon for boon prescian, a little scratched, 'twill serue.


1եꥪΤΤΰѤʤΤǡɤΤ񤷤⤷ʤΤȤ Holofernes (= Ped) ʳؿ꤬ƥѡʤȤѡˤ褯ºݤˤʤƤǥեᤷΤȻפ뤬줫400ǯʾ夿äߤʤ֤ʤ doubt ֻˤȯʤ <b> ΤפȤѤʵηǵ³ƤȤΤϡʤȤ©ĹǤ롥

Smith, Jeremy J. Essentials of Early English. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2005.

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2021-04-20 Tue

#4376. ܤDZѸȸäƤ̡17󥰥ɤǥƥȸäƤ̱ [renaissance][emode][loan_word][borrowing][latin][japanaese][contrastive_linguistics][inkhorn_term][khelf_hel_intro_2021]

45˥ȤֱѸƳ2021⡤3ܤޤΥưƤΡ5ޤ³©ĹʤΤǤܥ֥ɼԤγˤĨꤺˤդ礤Τۤɤꤤ夲ޤƥĤ󶡤ΥåĤ򴶤ʤ顤伫Ȥ˥󥹥ԥ졼򥲥åȤƤޤǯٽȤơʤʤեåǥʥʥץ˥󥰤Ǥ
ơǤϡ餷ۤɤ˥ʸȤݤƤߤޤѸ줬ʿ͡ʸʿͤˤϡäǤƼΤƤʤ褦ʸϤȻפޤʤࡤʤʸϡˡܴ褿˱ꥢåפ줿ƥĤֱѸʿͤΤαѸˡꤹ롤Υʸ˴źäͻǤƬ2ĤνФȤڤ褯Ϥ褤Ǥ͡

ְѸȤʤƤ⤤Ķ餷ƤסġĤΤ褦ʺߤĤߤΤäϡѸοʹ֤ʤа٤ȯȤơ򱣤ǯۤ⹻äɮԼȤΤ褦ˤܤƤդǤ⤢ä


Ѹοʹ֤פΤϡޤäơƤ벣ʸ¿Ǥ쥬ߥåȡ󥿥ӥƥġĤʤDZѸʤ뤤ϱѸͳѸ˻ȤʤФʤʤΤȡ˥塼ʤɤ򸫤ʤͤùߤʤǤ롥


ɤߤʤ륳ƥĤǤϤʤǤ礦ƤȤƤϡܤDZѸȸäƤ̡ȡ17󥰥ɤǥƥȸäƤ̱Ȥ򡤶֤֡ĶӤѸˤιƥĤȤʤäƤޤ
ܸˤ륫ʸȥͥ󥹴󥰥ɤΥƥѸоȤϡоȸ (contrastive_language_history) δ鶽̣οԤʤơޤǤ̤2ĤΤΤӤ褦ȤݤˤϡǤʤαդ뤳ȤפǤ嵭ƥǤϡտŪξԤζ򽦤ФƶŤƸƤ櫓Ǥܤ뤳Ȥǡζΰյ⤫Ӿ夬餻뤳ȤǤޤʲ2ŦƤޤ礦
1ܡܤDZѸȸäƤ̡Ȥ櫓ֱѸʤƷפǤΤƤ륿פȡ17󥰥ɤǥƥȸäƤ̱ȤǤϡƸФפʤۤʤޤֱѸʤƷפطʤˤϡŪ˱ѸФƴפΤǤϤʤȤƥĤǤλŦäƤȻפޤ17󥰥ɤν̱ϥƥַפǤΤƤƤϤʤäǤ礦ƥϡäȽʡƴסϤʤȤˤ֥פ˶ᤤΤǤϤʤäǤ礦
ξԤΰ㤤ϡüŪˤСؤФƤ뤫ݤˤޤܤǤϡȤѸ줬ƴפäȤƤ⡤̳ǶŪ˳ؤФȤ̣Ǥϡ¤γؽΡֶϫפåȤˤʤäƤޤعdzؤ֤٤ֲܡפȤʤäƤƤϡʤΤ⹥ǤϤʤʤϤǤ17󥰥ɤǤϡ̱ˤȤäƥƥؽϤε񤽤ΤΤޤβ֤Ǥꡤ¤γؽΡֶϫפȤ̵ʤˡƴפϽƴȤΤǤ
2ܤϡ17󥰥ɤǤϥƥѸ줬 inkhorn_term ȤȽ줿ȤΤϻ¤ǤȽμϡ㤤̡Ǥʤн̱ǤʤХХμͤǤSir John Cheke (1514--57) Τ褦ʥ֥åؤθŵ춵ѸȽƤۤɤʤΤǤξϡɤˤߤƤ⡤ܤαѸ̡ʸ˰֤ĤƤΤȤӤǤʤ褦˻פޤ
2ĤΤΤоȤȤˡŻ뤷ơӡפεˤäƤŻ뤷ơоȡפεˤäƤϡԤ˼Ǥ⤢ꡤäƤޤХȥåǤ⤢ޤˤƤӤˤˡоȤˤ϶դƤȹͻޤ롤ȤȤҤ٤Ƥޤ礦
Ϣϡܥ֥ȤƤϡ#1999. Chuo Online ε֥ʸΩŪ˻ס ([2014-10-17-1])#2977. Ϣ6֤ʤѸä3ع¤Τ --- ͥ󥹴Υƥ줫֤ȥס ([2017-06-21-1]) ¾εǰäƤޤȥ󥯤ĥäƤΤǡ󤽤ɤ

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2020-02-05 Wed

#3936. h-dropping ȽȥꥷѸ [greek][loan_word][renaissance][inkhorn_term][emode][lexicology][h][etymological_respelling][spelling][orthography][standardisation][prescriptivism][sociolinguistics][cockney][stigma]

Cockney ȯȤΤ h-dropping ˤϡŪطʤ롥ѲȯֻδطüѡҲŪɾʤ͡ʴͻɬפꡤѸ˸ˤƺǤä1ĤȤäƤ褤ܥ֥Ǥ h γƵǰäƤȤ櫓#1292. Ѹ줫ѸˤƤ h ΰ֤Ť ([2012-11-09-1])#1675. Ѹ줫ѸˤƤ h ΰ֤Ť (2) ([2013-11-27-1])#1899. Ѹ줫ѸˤƤ h ΰ֤Ť (3) ([2014-07-09-1])#1677. Ƭ <h> ˤˤĤƤν ([2013-11-29-1]) 򻲾Ȥ줿
h-dropping ؤ (stigmatisation) ޤäΤ17ʹߡä˵ϼǤ18ΤȤǤ롥ֻɸಽˤäƸ츻Ū <h> 경ȯˤƤб /h/ ¸٤ǤȤϤ줿h ϡɸŪֻ츻μʡᶵܡˤ̵ͭ¬롤ҲŪʥȥޥȤƤεǽΤǤ롥
Minkova ˤСλΩĥͥ󥹴ˡΤȯ h ޤ८ꥷ줫μѸ줬̤ήƤȤ⡤h-dropping ̵ܤϢ򶯤뤳Ȥ˹׸Ȥ#114. ѸμѸεȳ ([2009-08-19-1])#516. ľܤΥꥷѤ15 ([2010-09-25-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡΤ15--17ˤϥꥷγؽѸ줬¿ѸήθäϹ⤤ܤȶӤĤƤꡤֻȯ h ޤޤƤ뤫ɤΤäƤ뤳Ȥϡοͤζܤ򼨤Х᡼ȤʤꥷѸ¸ߤϡ17ʹߤ h-dropping ȽΤΩƤ򤷤Ȥ櫓ѸŪ΢դ줿ƶ٤ŦȻפMinkova (107) Ѥ롥

Orthographic standardisation, especially through printing after the end of the 1470s, was an important factor shaping the later fate of ME /h-/. Until the beginning of the sixteenth century there was no evidence of association between h-dropping and social and educational status, but the attitudes began to shift in the seventeenth century, and by the eighteenth century [h-]-lessness was stigmatised in both native and borrowed words. . . . In spelling, most of the borrowed words kept initial <h->; the expanding community of literate speakers must have considered spelling authoritative enough for the reinstatement of an initial [h-] in words with an etymological and orthographic <h->. New Greek loanwords in <h->, unassimilated when passing through Renaissance Latin, flooded the language; learned words in hept(a)-, hemato-, hemi-, hex(a)-, hagio-, hypo-, hydro-, hyper-, hetero-, hysto- and words like helix, harmony, halo kept the initial aspirate in pronunciation, increasing the pool of lexical items for which h-dropping would be associated with lack of education. The combined and mutually reinforcing pressure from orthography and negative social attitudes towards h-dropping worked against the codification of h-less forms. By the end of the eighteenth century, only a set of frequently used Romance loans in which the <h-> spelling was preserved were considered legitimate without initial [h-].


Minkova, Donka. A Historical Phonology of English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2014.

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2019-02-23 Sat

#3589. ֥פФ Ben Jonson [inkhorn_term][lexicology][hapax_legomenon][renaissance][emode][borrowing][latin][loan_word]

ͥ󥹴Υƥ󡦥ꥷǮ⤫줿Τ褦ʡ֥ (inkhorn_term) ˤĤơܥ֥Ǥ͡˼夲ƤʤȤ櫓#478. ѸΤ褦˼ڤƤϼΤƤ줿ƥ ([2010-08-18-1])#1408. ([2013-03-05-1])#1409. Ĥä졤ä ([2013-03-06-1])#1410. Ƚ󵢡 ([2013-03-07-1])#2479. ѸθüѤФȿưȤƤθϤɤޤܵä ([2016-02-09-1])#3438. ʤѸΥƥѸΤ ([2018-09-25-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ
Ʊ夫餷ФȽɤоݤȤƤ Ben Jonson ⡤1601ǯ˽餵줿 The Poetaster ΤʤǥͤƤ롥Crispinus ȤоʪǺޤͿ졤񤷤ñǤפȤǤ롥Ǥ줿˥ꥹȤƤȡΤ褦ˤʤ (Johnson 192; ϸѸѸ)

retrograde, reciprocall, incubus, glibbery, lubricall, defunct, magnificate, spurious, snotteries, chilblaind, clumsie, barmy, froth, puffy, inflate, turgidous, ventosity, oblatrant, obcaecate, furibund, fatuate, strenuous, conscious, prorumped, clutch, tropological, anagogical, loquacious, pinnosity, obstupefact


OED Ǥϡpinnosity ٤Ƥñ줬ФȤΩƤƤ롥Τʤˤ Jonson ηǤȤƤʤ1󤭤ñޤޤƤ롥Ǥ̤ѤΤ⤢ˤϤ뤬ΤΩ³ǤƤϤʤʤñФǤ롥ŵŪʥΥꥹȤȤƻȤ

Johnson, Keith. The History of Early English: An Activity-Based Approach. Abingdon: Routledge, 2016.

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2018-09-25 Tue

#3438. ʤѸΥƥѸΤ [emode][renaissance][loan_word][borrowing][latin][inkhorn_term][lexicography]

16Ⱦ˥ԡãͥ󥹴ΥƥѸήˤĤơܥ֥͡˼夲ƤѸ˾äȤ̩٤ǻüѤλäȤ뤬ʤۤɤޤǤ˼Ѹ줬ΤϼäѸθä䤦ȤɬԲķʬŪˤäƤ뤬ƥΰҤڤȤŪͳä礭äȻפ롥ʤˤ#478. ѸΤ褦˼ڤƤϼΤƤ줿ƥ ([2010-08-18-1]) Ǹ褦ˡߤ䤿˼Τ
Görlach (162--62) դλ򤦤ޤƤ롥λˤϥƥ줽ΤΤޥ뤳Ȥơä¯줿Ѹϰ̤˾徺٤ΥƥѸ줬ѤƤ16Ⱦϡƥ줽ΤΤȤ⡤Ѹ˼ޤ줿ƥѸȤʤȤҲŪ˽פʥȤʤäȤϤƥؽƤ櫓ǤϤʤ¿ο͡ˤȤäơƥѸ׷Ọ̇̄ǻȤʤȤϴñǤϤʤδ㤤ˤ˵ạ̈ˤĤƤ⡤ˤб¸ȤΥ˥奢󥹤κΤ˽뤳ȤϤ䤹ʤäΤ褦ʾǤ⡤͡Ϥ̣Ǥϴ㤤򶲤줺ѶŪ˥ƥѸȤȤʤʤСλ߼ΤüԤΥơȿƤǤ롥
㤨СHart ϰʲΤ褦ʷδְ㤤󤲤ʤ顤Ĭ񤷤ƤʥåηȤƤϡפΡˡtemporall (temperate), sullender (surrender), statute (stature), obiect (abiect), heier (heare), certisfied (certified or satisfied), dispence (suspence), defende (offende), surgiant (surgian). Ƥ˴ؤƤϡancient antique old ƱˡĤޤ old ñʤ븫ɤΤ褤ȤѤƤ㤬Ȥ
17ᤫ³Ф켭ϡΤ褦ʸѤŬڤʥƥѸ򶵰餹뤿˽Ǥ줿Ȥ⤤뤬¤ΤȤषŪʼѸλѤ¥̤Τ⤷ʤ̤ȤơƥѸϡο͡θոĬˤܤǡƤäȹͤηаޤGörlach (162) ޤɽƤ롥

To judge by the success of Cockeram and his imitators . . ., there was a large market in the seventeenth century for dictionaries translating common expressions into elevated diction. This indicates how difficult it must have been to limit loanwords to a moderate number. The issue was obviously not the objective need to fill lexical gaps for the sake of unambiguous reference, but the pairing of common words with their Latinate equivalents, the implication being that use of the elevated term was more prestigious --- even if it was unintelligible and therefore useless for communication.


Görlach, Manfred. Introduction to Early Modern English. Cambridge: CUP, 1991.

Referrer (Inside): [2019-09-09-1] [2019-02-23-1]

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2018-03-30 Fri

#3259. 17˺줿ư̾췲褹 (2) [synonym][loan_word][borrowing][renaissance][inkhorn_term][emode][lexicology][word_formation][suffix][affixation][neologism][derivation][statistics]

ε ([2018-03-29-1]) ³ԡ Bauer ư̾ΥꥹȤǤϡ-ment -ure ¸ߤΩäƤ17̾ˤɤΤ褦ʼΤΤꡤ줾줬Ĥ̾äƤΤˤĤƤ⡤Bauer (185) OED ˴ŤפȤäƤ롥̤ϰʲ̤ꡥ

SuffixNumber
-y2
-ery8
-ancy10
-ency10
-ence18
-ion20
-ance49
-al56
-ure96
-ation190
-ment258


ȥå׿Ⱦ򥫥СƤ뤳Ȥ顤٤ι⤤ŵŪʡ뤳ȤϳΤˤ狼롥ŵŪȤȤǡ꤬褹뤳ȤˤϤʤʤŵŪޤ᤿ʣƱδΤ³ȤȡƼºݤˤΤ褦¤줵ʻѤ줿ȤäǤ롥
εǿ줿褦ˡBauer Ϥ򿷸Υˡ˴ؤʣ˵Ƥ뤬ȴϢơŪФŪؤμפ¸ߤΤȤĥŸƤ롥

. . . there is a constant application of unproductive morphology in order to solve problems provided by productive morphology, so that the language is continually having new words added to it which are not the forms which would be the predicted ones, as well as a number of predicted forms. That is, the processes of history add irregularities (which are available to turn into regularities if enough of them are coined). History, rather than simplifying matters (or rather than merely simplifying matters), reflects a process of building in extra complications.


ѼԤοؤ׵ϡɬŪͿƤʤȤη̤Ǥʤۤɤʣ̯ʤΤǡŪμʤѤơԵ§ФȤ⤢Τ⤷ʤ˸ؼԤϡѼԤΡΤ褦ʣ̯¤쿴ˤɤޤΤǤϤ뤬ƥ󥰤ʥơޤǤ롥

Bauer, Laurie. "Competition in English Word Formation." Chapter 8 of The Handbook of the History of English. Ed. Ans van Kemenade and Bettelou Los. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006. 177--98.

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2018-03-29 Thu

#3258. 17˺줿ư̾췲褹 (1) [synonym][lexical_blocking][loan_word][borrowing][renaissance][inkhorn_term][emode][lexicology][word_formation][suffix][affixation][neologism][derivation][cognate]

ѹͥ󥹴17ˤϡƥ䥮ꥷ濴Ȥ줫̤θäѤ줿ηаޤˤĤƤϡޤǡ#478. ѸΤ褦˼ڤƤϼΤƤ줿ƥ ([2010-08-18-1])#114. ѸμѸεȳ ([2009-08-19-1])#1226. Ѹˤäǯʬۡ ([2012-09-04-1]) ʤɤε͡ʳ٤夲ƤλˤϡФСƱפۤʤäȼäȤݤ줿㤨СǤ1586ǯ discovery Ѹä˲äƤȤˡ17ˤʤäƱ discoverance discoverment ⸽졤û֤ȤϤ硦¸ΤǤʴϢơ#3157. ʤ splendid Ʊ ([2017-12-18-1]) ⻲ȡˡ
ʲϡBauer (186) OED 17˽Фư̾ȤǤ롥

abutmentabuttal 
bequeathalbequeathment 
bewitcherybewitchment 
commitmentcommittalcommittance
composalcompositure 
comprisalcomprisementcomprisure
concumbenceconcumbency 
condolementcondolence 
conducenceconducency 
contrivalcontrivance 
depositationdepositure 
deprivaldeprivement 
desistancedesistency 
discoverancediscoverment 
disfigurationdisfigurement 
disprovaldisprovement 
disquietaldisquietment 
dissentationdissentment 
disseverationdisseverment 
encompassmentencompassure 
engraftmentengrafture 
exhaustmentexhausture 
exposalexposementexposure
expugnanceexpugnancy 
expulsationexpulsure 
extendmentextendure 
impartmentimparture 
imposalimposementimposure
insistenceinsisture 
interposalinterposure 
pretendencepretendment 
promotementpromoval 
proposalproposure 
redamancyredamation 
renewalrenewance 
reposancereposure 
reservalreservancy 
resistalresistment 
retrievalretrievement 
returnalreturnment 
securancesecurement 
subdualsubduement 
supportmentsupporture 
surchargementsurchargure 


θΤʤˤϡߤǤɸŪʤΤ⤢СǤѸȤʤäƤΤ⤢롥û֤ѤʤäΤ⤢С줿Τ⤢롥17˺줿Ʊ̾ȶ礷Τ⤢СǤʤΤ⤢롥λθ塤˻ޤǤˡ2Ÿ3Ÿ¸Ƥä⤢СǤʤ⤢롥Τ lexical_blocking θˤǤΤ⤢СǤʤΤ⤢롥ĤޤꡤȤˤĤư̲Ƹ뤳ȤϤޤʤΤǤ롥
17˸¤ʤȤϤȤ櫓ˡߤ˰̣㤨ʤ̾줬ʣ졤硦¸Ȥ¤ϲʪΤƥ䥮ꥷ줫Τ褦˸Ѥ̤Ȥ⤤뤷餫Ф̾Ѥ̵ˤ̾͡¤줷Ƥä̤Ȥ⤤롥Bauer (197) ϼҲŪʴ顤Τ褦˼Ƥ롥

Individual ad hoc decisions on relevant forms may or may not be picked up widely in the community. . . . [I]t is clear from the history which the OED presents that the need of the individual for a particular word is not always matched by the need of the community for the same word, with the result that multiple coinages are possible.


ˤ衤Ū𤬡Ѹư̾η֤˾ʤȺ⤿餷³Ƥ뤳Ȥϻ¤Ǥ롥塤Ƥ椯ȤƤ⡤餯ˤϿȤĹ֤뤳Ȥ

Bauer, Laurie. "Competition in English Word Formation." Chapter 8 of The Handbook of the History of English. Ed. Ans van Kemenade and Bettelou Los. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006. 177--98.

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2017-12-18 Mon

#3157. ʤ splendid Ʊ [cognate][synonym][lexicology][inkhorn_term][emode][borrowing][loan_word][renaissance][thesaurus][htoed]

#576. inkhorn term ȱѸ켭 ([2010-11-24-1]) εǡͥ󥹴Υƥ줫֤βɽñ1ĤȤ splendidious 󤲤θϸߤǤѤȤʤäƤ뤬ΰ̣ϸǤ̤Ѥ splendid ƱֲʡڤʡפǤ롥Ԥϥͥ󥹲ڤ䤫ʤꤷ15ѤƤꡤԤñȤƤ17ȾˤϽФƤʤˤäƽǯ夬ۤʤˡ15--17ˤϡ캬̣Ʊ splendid Ϥñ줬Ĥ⸽ƤϾäƤäΤǤ롥HTOED splendid ιƤߤȡΤ褦ˤ롥

02.04.05.03 (adj.) Splendid
   þurhbeorht OE geatolic OE torht OE torhtlic OE wrætlic OE orgulous/orgillous a1400 splendidious 1432/50--1653 splendiferous c1460--1546 splendent 1509-- splendant 1590-- splendorous 1591-- splendidous 1605--1640 transplendent 1622; 1854 florid 1642--1725 splendious 1654 splendid 1815-- splendescent 1848-- nifty 1868-- ducky 1897-- (colloq.) many-splendoured a1907--


Ū splendidious, splendiferous, splendent, splendant, splendorous, splendidous, splendious, splendid, splendescent, splendoured 10줬ߤŪܤ˸졤糵ϸ˾äƤʤα¼Ǥϡsplendiferous, splendent, splendorous ϸФΩƤƤˡ
Ρʥƥ줢뤤ϥե󥹸ͳˤ̣Ʊ (synonym) Τ褦ʣäȤǡϤʤ¿θ줬礷ǤƤäΤ
Kay and Allan (15) ⡤θ췲˸ڤĤļΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

Sometimes there was a degree of experimentation over the form of a new word. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the OED records the following forms meaning 'splendid': splendant, splendicant, splendidious, splendidous, splendiferous, splendious and splendorous. Splendid itself is first recorded in 1624. Unsurprisingly, most of these forms were short-lived; no language needs quite so many similar words for the same concept.


б̾ˤĤƤ HTOED ȴФȡ"splendency a1591--1607 splendancy 1591 splendence 1604 splendour 1774-- splendiferousness 1934--" ȤϤ˭٤Ǥ롥

Kay, Christian and Kathryn Allan. English Historical Semantics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2015.

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2017-09-15 Fri

#3063. Sir John Cheke αѸ [purism][bible][compounding][wycliffe][inkhorn_term]

Sir John Cheke (1514--57) ϥ֥åؤζꥮꥷֺ¤ν嶵äα͡˻ߤ줿ǤꡤCheke 1550ǯˡ֥ޥפӡ֥ޥ륳פκǽΰκݡ#1410. Ƚ󵢡 ([2013-03-07-1]) ǸȤꡤCheke ϸŪ (purism) Ωꡤˤ괶ΤʤФʣˤѤCheke ϡThe Authorised Version (1611) ٤ƽŪȤФи Tyndale (1525) ⤵˽ŪǤꡤ̤ä14Ⱦ Wycliffe ӤƤʼ񤬤롥ʲˡ֥ޥפꤤĤˤĤӤ褦p. 239ˡ

 ChekeWycliffe (1380)Tyndale (1525)Authorized Version (1611) 
ʥХӥء˰ܤoutpeoplingtransmygraciouncaptivatecarrying awaychap. i. 17
ͽwiseardsastromyenswyse menwise menchap. ii. 16
Ƥ󤫤moonedlunatiklunatykelunatickechap. iv. 24
ߤĤtollerspupplicanspublicanspublicanschap. v. 46
ɴĹhundredercenturiencenturioncenturionchap. viii. 5
frosentapostlisapostlesapostleschap. x. 2
Ȥbiwordesparablissimilitudesparableschap. xiii. 3
freschmanprosiliteư칽ʸproselytechap. xxiii. 15
ͤˤ줿crossedcrucifiedcrucifiedcrucifiedchap. xxvii. 22


Cheke ҤȤΩäʤФʣˤѤƤΤ狼ʣΤ괶ϡűѸ줵ʤǤ롥
ƥ䥮ꥷ줫ξ񤷤Ѹ졤ʤ (inkhorn_term) λˤơθŵΤʸؼ Cheke 줿ѸȤΤ⤷ब Henry VIII Ѥ Edward VI ץƥȲȤưƤۤɤΥץƥȤäȤ⡤αѸȴؤäƤCheke ϿʸȽפƱäƤ16󥰥ɤξ¦̤1ͤθ褦ʿʪäΤǤ롥 (240) ۩Cheke Ϥ郎καؤΤγԤȤʤʤ顤Ʊ˹ˤʤäͤӤ뤳ȤǤ褦ס
Cheke θˡ˴ؤƤ̤ɾ⤢ꤦ롥#2479. ѸθüѤФȿưȤƤθϤɤޤܵä ([2016-02-09-1]) ⻲Ȥ줿Cheke ˤĤƤϡ#1408. ([2013-03-05-1]) ȡ#1709. ױǯɽ ([2013-12-31-1]) Ǥ⿨Ƥ롥

졡رѸˡ١罤ۡ1983ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2017-09-16-1]

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2017-07-27 Thu

#3013. 19񤵤줿ŵŪʣ [compounding][greek][latin][neo-latin][inkhorn_term][lexicology][combining_form][scientific_name][lmode][word_formation][neologism]

Ѹ˭ʸûˤˤĤơ#756. μѸ ([2011-05-23-1]), #1526. Ѹܸθûоɽ ([2013-07-01-1])#2966. Ѹä (2) ([2017-06-10-1])#2977. Ϣ6֤ʤѸä3ع¤Τ --- ͥ󥹴Υƥ줫֤ȥס ([2017-06-21-1]) ʤɤǼ夲Ƥ˭Ǥ뤬椨ˡ˾塤ߤ˼ڤꤹꤹȤȽ֤Ƥ
Ǥͭ̾ʤΤ16ȾΡ֥ (inkhorn_term) Ǥꡤ#576. inkhorn term ȱѸ켭 ([2010-11-24-1]) ʤɤǾҲ𤷤Ƥۤˤ#2147. ѸΥե󥹼ѸȽ ([2015-03-14-1])#2813. Bokenham ν ([2017-01-08-1])#1411. Ѹä "oversea language" ([2013-03-08-1]) Τ褦ˡޤΩʤȤǸȽϷ֤Ƥ
⤦1դä٤ϡѸ¤ˡħȤ⤤뿷ŵŪʣ (neo-classical compounds) ˸줿ȽǤ롥˥ƥ䥮ꥷϢ (combining_form) Ѥ¤줹Τǡneo-Latin compounds neo-Hellenic compounds ȤƤФ롥¤ˡϡ19˲ʳѸʤɤѸ줬̤ɬפȤʤäݤѤ줿ˡǤ (cf. #1694. ʳظäˤƥꥷǤ˱ɤͳ ([2013-12-16-1]))
Beal (22--23) 19οŵŪʣؤȽȡĤƤΡ֥פ褬褯ƤŦƤ롥

   If we look at comments on language in the nineteenth century, we find a range of opinions remarkably similar to those expressed during the 'inkhorn' controversy of the late sixteenth/early seventeenth centuries. On the one hand, there were complaints about the number of new words coined from Latin and Greek. Richard Grant White writes:
   
   
In no way is our language more wronged than by a weak readiness with which many of those who, having neither a hearty love nor a ready mastery of it, or lacking both, fly readily to the Latin tongue or to the Greek for help in naming a new thought or thing, or the partial concealment of an old one . . . By doing so they help to deface the characteristic traits of our mother tongue, and to mar and stunt its kindly growth (1872; 22, cited in Bailey, 1996: 141--2 [= Bailey, R. W. Nineteenth-Century English. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1996]).

   
   Others objected to the profusion of technical and scientific vocabulary, again mainly from Greek and Latin sources. R. Chenevix Trench wrote (1860: 57--8) that these were 'not, for the most part, except by an abuse of language, words at all, but signs: having been deliberately invented as the nomenclature and, so to speak, the algebraic notation of some special art or science'.


ŵŪʣϡȼξˤơʾʤȤԤˤȤäơȽоݤȤʤäƤȤ狼롥
ĤǤʤ顤ܸˤ֥ץȽ丽ߤΡ֥ʸפ⡤Ѹˤξ嵭ΥȤ褯Ƥ롥ˤĤƤϡ#1630. 졤ʸ졤ץ ([2013-10-13-1])#1999. Chuo Online ε֥ʸΩŪ˻ס ([2014-10-17-1])#2977. Ϣ6֤ʤѸä3ع¤Τ --- ͥ󥹴Υƥ줫֤ȥס ([2017-06-21-1]) Dz⡦ɾƤΤ󤴻Ȥ

Beal, Joan C. English in Modern Times: 1700--1945. Arnold: OUP, 2004.

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2017-07-09 Sun

#2995. Augustan Age θŪݼ [lexicology][emode][inkhorn_term][purism][loan_word][latin][greek]

17Ⱦ18ˤƸääŪ¤롥λ¤ϡ#203. 1500--1900ǯˤѸäá ([2009-11-16-1])#1226. Ѹˤäǯʬۡ ([2012-09-04-1]) ΥդꡤѹˤǤϡ̤1700ǯ夹ݼŪǽ¹ߤοŵAugustan Age) ȾΤƤꡤη˿Ƴ¤ȤȿǤƤȲ᤹뤳ȤǤʴϢơ#2650. 17μǹߤ18ȾФβߤء ([2016-07-29-1])#2782. 18Υե󥹼ѸؤΡȿס ([2016-12-08-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ
λθŪݼˤŪطʤ롥1ĤϡΩĻ塤ä16Ⱦ17Ⱦˡƥ䥮ꥷȤäŵ줫̤θäήȤ¤롥֥Ѹ (inkhorn_term) 餵ۤɤΡɡˤĤ褦ʳιħŤ줿Ǥ롥Τ褦̼ѤϡΤʬŪˤɬפäʳءءůؤʤɤ޲줬ƥ줫Ѹؤȵ޷ڤؤˤäơѸ¿θäΤɬפȤûǸäѤ̡᡹ȱѸΡָäɬספ졤³ˤϤʾѤΤʤʤäƤAugustan Age Ū˸üѤäΤϡΩĻΡּѤפˤȤ礭äȻפ롥ûˤ⡤ԡФǤƤޤȤȤ
⤦1ĤŪطʤȤƤϡAugustan Age ϡΡּѤפ򺹤Ƥ⡤ϤݼŪʸѤ˻ۤƤäȤ¤롥㤨СJonathan Swift (1667--1745) Joseph Addison (1672--1719) ɽݼɤҤǤꡤѸòβ경ܻؤ˳ȯʼɮưԤʤäƤ#1947. Swift clipping Ƚ([2014-08-26-1]) #1948. Addison clipping Ƚ ([2014-08-27-1])#2741. ascertaining, refining, fixing ([2016-10-28-1]) ˸褦ˡʷϵϡ򤱡¹ݼäΤǤ롥
Augustan Age ŪʸŪȤƤϾ嵭̤ġǯǤС㳰Ū˿ƳΩǯ⤢ä㤨С1740ǯ夫50ǯˤƤϡΤȤƸäǤĴʻǤϤ뤬1753ǯˤ Chambers' Cyclopaedia ǤƤꡤ¿βʳѸ줬ޤޤƤˡ㳰Ū˸äϤޤäǯȤƵϿƤ (Beal 21) 󤲤Сƥ줪ӥꥷ줫 adarticulation, aeronautics, azalea, ballistics, hydrangea, primula, sphagnum, trifoliate; anthropomorphism, eczema, mnemonic, urology ǯ˵ϿƤ롥

Beal, Joan C. English in Modern Times: 1700--1945. Arnold: OUP, 2004.

Referrer (Inside): [2020-08-17-1] [2020-06-18-1]

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2017-06-21 Wed

#2977. Ϣ6֤ʤѸä3ع¤Τ --- ͥ󥹴Υƥ줫֤ȥ [notice][link][loan_word][borrowing][lexicology][french][latin][lexical_stratification][japanese][inkhorn_term][rensai][sobokunagimon]

դǡѸϢָܴѸѸˤλ֤ͤʤѸä3ع¤Τ --- ͥ󥹴Υƥ줫֤ȥޤ
äϡѸäؤֺݤξɤȤʤäƤ¿쥻åȤ˹¤ʤƤꡤʤΤ褦ʹ¤¸ߤΤȤѤʵˡŪʴäΤǤطʤˤϡѸ줬λμҲŪʸ̮ΤʤθܿƤаޤޤޤѸûˤҤȤƤȡ̣ȤˡܸûˤȤʿ⸫ƤޤоȸŪѸӤˤƤϡξΰ㤤Ĵ뷹ޤо˸ؤδߤȡȸûˤ˴ؤ¤ꡤξϤȤƤ褯ƤޤϢܵθȾǤϡƤޤ
Ѹáʤܸáˤ3ع¤ˤĤƤϡرѸΡ֤ʤפ롡ϤƤαѸˡΤ5.1֤ʤ Help me! Ȥ϶֤ Aid me! Ȥ϶ФʤΤפ5.2֤ʤ Assist me! ȤϤʤ鶫ФʤΤפǤⰷäƤޤܥ֥Ǥ͡˵ƤΤǡΥ󥯤ʲĥäƤޤ碌ƤޤƱͤˤĤơ#1999. Chuo Online ε֥ʸΩŪ˻ס ([2014-10-17-1]) ǾҲ𤷤

#334. Ѹäλع¤ ([2010-03-27-1])
#1296. ع¤ɲá ([2012-11-13-1])
#1960. ѸäΥԥߥåɹ¤ ([2014-09-08-1])
#2072. Ѹäλع¤ ([2014-12-29-1])
#2279. Ѹäεžع¤ ([2015-07-24-1])
#2643. Ѹäλع¤οá ([2016-07-22-1])
#387. trisociation triset ([2010-05-19-1])

#1437. űѸ˼Ѥ줿ƥ ([2013-04-03-1])
#32. űѸ˼Ѥ줿ƥ ([2009-05-30-1])
#1945. űѸΥƥѤλʬ ([2014-08-24-1])
#120. ճ¿äѸΥƥѸ ([2009-08-25-1])
#1211. ѸΥƥѸΰ ([2012-08-20-1])
#478. ѸΤ褦˼ڤƤϼΤƤ줿ƥ ([2010-08-18-1])
#114. ѸμѸεȳ ([2009-08-19-1])
#1226. Ѹˤäǯʬۡ ([2012-09-04-1])
#2162. OED ˤե󥹸졦ƥ줫μѸοܡ ([2015-03-29-1])
#2385. OED ˤ롤ŵ줪ӥޥ󥹽줫μѸä (2) ([2015-11-07-1])

#576. inkhorn term ȱѸ켭 ([2010-11-24-1])
#1408. ([2013-03-05-1])
#1409. Ĥä졤ä ([2013-03-06-1])
#1410. Ƚ󵢡 ([2013-03-07-1])
#1615. 礹ߡ2 ([2013-09-28-1])
#609. 켭17 ([2010-12-27-1])

#335. ܸäλع¤ ([2010-03-28-1])
#1630. 졤ʸ졤ץ ([2013-10-13-1])
#1629. ([2013-10-12-1])
#1067. Ѹȸܸθüѡ ([2012-03-29-1])
#296. 轡ѸܸͿŪƶ ([2010-02-17-1])
#1526. Ѹܸθûоɽ ([2013-07-01-1])

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2017-06-05 Mon

#2961. ͥ󥹤ǤϤʤƥ줫֤λ塩 [renaissance][emode][loan_word][latin][inkhorn_term][periodisation]

ѸˤǤϡѸĤޤʸǤȤΥͥ󥹴ϡ̤ΥƥäѤ줿ȤħŤƤ롥Υ (inkhorn_term) ܥ֥Ǥ¿夲ޤˡ֥ƥ줫֤פλäȤ˲٤ڤƤ
ε#2960. ˸ˤʬΰյ ([2017-06-04-1]) ǻȤ˲ȤΥ롦դϡषΤۤƥ줫֤줷ƤȤݤεŸƤ롥ʲϢս (104--05) Ѥ롥

ϤޤαĹǡϸ˴ؤ뤢礭ʿȤ롥Ԥ¯꡼ȤθǤäƥ줬ꥹȶ줿ϰ˹줿ΤǤ롥ŵƥ줫ߤѲƤΤΡΥƥϥ衼åѤθŪäŤϽ󡦽ꤢȤǤĤäΤǤ롥κҲκDzؤǡˤʤΥƥꡤȤХե󥹸Τ褦¯줬Ѥ褦ˤʤ롥ϡͥ󥹤Ϥ뤫ˡ֥ƥ׻ʤΤ


ƥ줫֤λǤȤĥϡ츫̷⤹ʪˤʹ뤬Ǥϡ֥ƥס֤֤פΰ̣ۤʤäƤ롥ˤơ֥ƥפȤϸŵƥȤϡȤƥ졤뤤¯ƥǤ롥ޤǤϡμ餬ռŪ˥ƥˡ֤֤פƤȤϡषꥹȶϰ褬ʤΰȤƥƥǤȤ̣ˤơ֤֤äȤȤ
̤γ٤餳ͤС֥ƥס֤֤פβΰ㤤򤢤פդСߤ̷ϲä졤ͥ󥹤Ȥˡ֥ƥ줫֤פλȸ롤ȤȤˤʤ롥ϡξδ֤ǤϤʤϢ³ߤˡ1Ĥ
Ҥ뤬äƱѸˤä᤽ƥñμѤϡΤ˽Ѹ˸ͭħʤɤǤϤʤѸˤ⡤űѸˤ⡤űѸλˤ⸫줿˸СѸǤ⸽ѸǤ⸫ΤǤʡ#2162. OED ˤե󥹸졦ƥ줫μѸοܡ ([2015-03-29-1]) 򻲾ȡˡˤäơƥüѤμ̡ʸ̮Ϥ줾ۤʤ뤳ȤϳΤ碌ƱѸˤ줹ӤήȤߤʤϢ³򸫽ФȤϡޤäǽǤ뤷յ롥
ƻΥƥüѤˤĤƤϡʲε򻲾ȡ

#1437. űѸ˼Ѥ줿ƥ ([2013-04-03-1])
#1945. űѸΥƥѤλʬ ([2014-08-24-1])
#32. űѸ˼Ѥ줿ƥ ([2009-05-30-1])
#120. ճ¿äѸΥƥѸ ([2009-08-25-1])
#1211. ѸΥƥѸΰ ([2012-08-20-1])
#478. ѸΤ褦˼ڤƤϼΤƤ줿ƥ ([2010-08-18-1])
#2162. OED ˤե󥹸졦ƥ줫μѸοܡ ([2015-03-29-1])
#2385. OED ˤ롤ŵ줪ӥޥ󥹽줫μѸä (2) ([2015-11-07-1])

åᥴաˡ ˡػʬɬפ١ƣŹ2016ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2019-02-16-1]

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2017-01-31 Tue

#2836. ʸ solidarity δ [sociolinguistics][japanese][katakana][loan_word][purism][solidarity][inkhorn_term]

֥ʸפȾΤ볰ϡФܸȤȤʤ롥ܥ֥Ǥ⡤#1617. ܸˤ볰 ([2013-09-30-1])#1630. 졤ʸ졤ץ ([2013-10-13-1])#1999. Chuo Online ε֥ʸΩŪ˻ס ([2014-10-17-1]) ʤɤˤƤ
#1617εǿ줿褦ˡȤ櫓ֹԤβʡ˴ؤ빭εϡɤ߼Ǥ뤪ǯθɽѤ뤳Ȥ貿ڤˤʤФʤʤϤפˤ⤫餺줬¿ѤƤ븽¤Ȥ뤳Ȥ¿֤ǯθɽפȤϡ򤷤䤹¸ǤθɽǤȤ뤤ϾʤȤ̤դʤɤεΤȤİƤҲŪʴä solidarity Ϣӡˤδȡ⤦ο꤬ꤽȤȤʬ롥 (190) ϡϢӡפ΢֤ȤƤΡӽפˤĤƼΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

ܤΤꤳȤФ˥ʸѤΤϤ줬狼ʤԤʤɤӽ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥ʸ줬ʤΤϡ̣狼ʤȤǤϤʤϢӤӽι¤Ҳ˺ФƤޤȤǤ롥


Ĥޤꡤ¿Τǯ꤬ʸΰ̣ǤʤȤ쥳ߥ˥ʾˡǯ꤬ΰ̣򤹤ǯĤȼҲŪˡϢӡפǤʤȤꡤäȸСӽפƤޤȤ꤬Ȥ
μҲŪϡǯȥʸ˸¤餺˼Ѹ줬ȤˤФ륢ѸθŪ (purism) ˤäơŪͭʤΤǤϤʤȻפ롥㤨СѸΡ֥(inkhorn_term) ˤƤ⡤ƥѸϡ̱̽ĶȤǸ쥳ߥ˥ª뤳ȤǤ뤬ʾˡƥμؤʤ̱̽δ֤ȤҲŪʴްդäªۤ⤷ʤ

ʼإХ륳ߥ˥ΤαѸس١ؽDz2015ǯ

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2016-02-09 Tue

#2479. ѸθüѤФȿưȤƤθϤɤޤܵä [purism][lexicology][borrowing][emode][renaissance][inkhorn_term][cheke][aureate_diction]

#1408. ([2013-03-05-1]) #1410. Ƚ󵢡 ([2013-03-07-1]) ʤɤεǡѸ̸üѤȿưȤƤθ (purism) ˿줿Τ˽ԤȤ Sir John Cheke (1514--57), Roger Ascham (1515?--68), Sir Thomas Chaloner, Thomas Wilson (1528?--81) ʤɤθ̾󤬤뤬Görlach (163--64) ϡѹͥ󥹤ˤȿưŪˤĤƤϲɾƤȤ򼨤Ƥ롥ȤɬפʸäϼѤºݤ˼ѤΤǤꡤޤǥƥ䥮ꥷθä̵̤ʼѤѤ᤿ΤǤ롤ȡĹ⤷ʤΤǡΤޤްѤ褦

Purism, understood as resistance to foreign words and as awareness of the possibilities of the vernacular, presupposes a certain level of standardization of, and confidence in, the native tongue. It is no surprise that puristic tendencies are unrecorded before the end of the Middle Ages --- wherever native expressions were coined to replace foreign terms, they served a different purpose to help the uneducated understand better, especially sermons and biblical paraphrase. Tyndale's striving for the proper English expression was still motivated by the desire to enable the ploughboy to understand more of the Bible than the learned bishops.
   A puristic reaction was, then, provoked by fashionable eloquence, as is evident from aspects of fifteenth-century aureate diction and sixteenth-century inkhornism . . . . The humanists had rediscovered a classical form of Latin instituted by Roman writers who fought against Greek technical terms as well as fashionable Hellenization, but who could not do without terminologies for the disciplines dominated by Greek traditions. Ascham, Wilson and Cheke (all counted among the 'purists' in a loose application of the term) behaved exactly as Cicero had done: they wrote in the vernacular (no obvious choice around 1530--50), avoided fashionable loanwords and fanciful, rare expressions, but did not object to the borrowing of necessary terms.
   Cheke was as inconsistent a 'purist' as he was a reformer of EModE spelling . . . . On the one hand, he went further than most of his contemporaries in his efforts to preserve the English language "vnmixt and vnmangeled" . . ., but on the other hand he also borrowed beyond what was necessary and what his own tenets seemed to allow. (The problem of untranslatable terms, as in his renderings of biblical antiquities, was solved by marginal explanations.) The practice (and historical ineffectiveness) of other 'purists', too, who attempted translations of Latin terminologies --- Golding for medicine, Lever for philosophy and Puttenham for rhetoric . . . --- demonstrates that there was no such rigorous puristic movement in sixteenth-century England as there was in many other countries during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The purists' position and their influence on EModE has often been exaggerated; it is more to the point to speak of "different degrees of Latinity" . . . .


Görlach θϡȤϰۤʤȼλŦǤꡤ¿ѸΥե󥹼ѸȽ䡤ܸˤΥץڤΥʸήȤδطǻŦ⡤λ鸫ľƤߤΤ⤪⤷ (see #2147. ѸΥե󥹼ѸȽ ([2015-03-14-1])#1630. 졤ʸ졤ץ ([2013-10-13-1])#1999. Chuo Online ε֥ʸΩŪ˻ס ([2014-10-17-1]

Görlach, Manfred. Introduction to Early Modern English. Cambridge: CUP, 1991.

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