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scientific_name - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2025-04-30 Wed

#5847Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷѸΰ֤Ť --- ᴩؤȤФʸ18ý [greek][lexicology][neologism][scientific_name][scientific_english][word_formation][emode][contrastive_language_history][inkhorn_term][combining_form][compound][prefix][suffix]


ܤΥ޻ (ԡˡؤȤФʸ18桧ϵܸʸͤ١ǡ2025ǯ425



Ǥλ425˴Ԥ줿λȡΤʤǤýˤĤƤϡ#5824. ᴩؤȤФʸ18ýָäʸζ岽 --- оȸˤλס ([2025-04-07-1]) ӡ#5845. ؤȤФʸýоȸˤ鸫äʸζ岽פγͤγפ򤴾Ҳ ([2025-04-28-1]) ǾҲ𤷤̤Ǥ롥ý1ԤͤƤƤꡤΥȥϡֱѸäζ岽 --- Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷѸפǤ롥ʲơ򼨤



1. Ϥ

ܹƤǤϱѸûˤˤ륮ꥷαƶ롥ѸäĹˤ¿θ줫ƶƤʤǤ⥮ꥷ줫μѤðۤʰ֤Ƥ롥ä˳ؽѸʳصѸˤơꥷαƶϸ˻ޤ³Ƥ롥

2. ѸΥꥷȤνв

ѸȥꥷܳŪʽв񤤤15̤롥ޤǤƥ𤷤ŪʼѤϤäľŪʼѤ϶ˤƸ¤Ƥ15ˤʤȡͥ󥹤αƶǸŵؤδؿޤꡤ󥰥ɤǤ⥮ꥷγؽޤä
1453ǯΥ󥹥ƥΡץ塤¿ΥꥷؼԤ˴̿ꥷȤܿäȤطʤˤ롥λμѸˤϡůءءʸˡʤɤʬѸ줬¿ޤޤƤ

3. ѸΥꥷ줫μѸ

1618ˤƤνѸϡѸθä礭礷Ǥ롥λꥷ줫μѤŪä
ħŪʤΤϡ֥סinkhorn_term) ȸƤФ٤˳ؽŪʸäνиǤ롥ϼ˳ؼԤʸͤˤäƻѤ졤̤ο͡ˤ򤬺ǤäȤСadjuvate ʱ, deruncinate ʽ𤹤ˤʤɤθϸѸˤϻĤäƤʤconfidence ʿ, education ʶ, encyclopedia ɴʻŵˤʤɤνפñ⤳λƳ줿
ޤꥷͳƬanti-, hyper-, proto- ʤɡˤ-ism, -ize ʤɡˤѸθΤ˼줿ȤפǤ롥ܼϡḽˤƿǰɽ뤿ζϤƻȤʤä

4. ؽѸȿŵʣ

19ȡʳصѤȯŸȼꥷǤѤθȯ
ʬɽ -ic/-ics/-logyrhetoric, economics, philology ʤɡˤڤ¿οʬ̾Τ˺Ѥ줿ޤϢcombining_formˤѤ¤ˡΩ줿㤨Сtele- ʱ󤤡+ -phone ʲˢ telephone, micro- ʾ+ -scope ʸˢ microscope ʤɡκüѤɽѸ줬ˡǺ줿
ư -ize/-iseinternationalize, modernize ʤɡˤ䡤ۤɽ -ismcapitalism, socialism ʤɡˤ⹭Ѥ褦ˤʤä
ΥꥷǤѤ¤ˡϡŪˤ졤ʳؤιݲ礭׸ͳȤƤϡν𤵡Ω̩ηʤɤ󤲤롥

5. ḽζͭ⻺Ȥ

ǤϡꥷͳθäϱѸΤߤʤ餺¿θ˶ͭŪʻ񸻤ȤʤäƤ롥㤨Сcardiology ʿ¡ء, neurology ʿгء, psychology ʿءˤʤɤѸǶ̤ƻѤƤ롥
ǯΥԥ塼ʳؤ󵻽ѤʬǤ⡤cyber- ʥС, tele- ʱ֡, crypto- ʰŹˤʤɤΥꥷͳϢϽפ̤Ƥ롥
ޤäˤ anti- ȿ, hyper- Ķ, mega- ʵ, -phobia ʶݾɡ, -mania ǮˤʤɤΥꥷͳƬƩƤ롥
Τ褦ˡꥷαƶϱѸˤ̤Ʒ³Ū˸뤬ä˶ʹߡʳصѤȯŸȹݲǽƤ⡤ǰ䵻ѤνиȼꥷǤѤ¤³ȤǤ

6. ˡ

Ѹäζ岽ˤ륮ꥷϡŪˤʸŪˤפʸơޤǤ³




ʸǤϡ¿ñȿޤȤ߹ߤʤƤ롥ǤʩʻˡˤȤ¾μɮԤоȸŪʡ֥ĥåߡפ12äƤꡤɮԼȤˤȤäƤؤ٤뤳Ȥ¿äҤɤߤС

δֱѸäζ岽 --- Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷѸסýָäʸζ岽 --- оȸˤλס Ϻ ԡ δԡˡˡؤȤФʸ18桧ϵܸʸͤ١ܤΥ޻ҡԡˡˡǡ2024ǯ42562--73ǡ

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2025-04-10 Thu

#5827. Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷѸΰ֤Ť --- ޥɥޥåײ [greek][lexicology][neologism][scientific_name][scientific_english][word_formation][emode][contrastive_language_history][inkhorn_term][combining_form][compound][mindmap]


ܤΥ޻ (ԡˡؤȤФʸ18桧ϵܸʸͤ١ǡ2025ǯ425



47ε#5824. ᴩؤȤФʸ18ýָäʸζ岽 --- оȸˤλס ([2025-04-07-1]) ǾҲ𤷤ýءԤͤƤƤޤơޤϡֱѸäζ岽 --- Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷѸפǤʲƤޥɥޥåײΤ򼨤ޤʲȤƤɤˡ



Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷΰ֤Ťϡƥ졤ե󥹸졤ťΥɸʤɤ٤ȥޥʡΤ꤫⤷ޤ󤬡겼ƤߤȤ⤷ǤҤܤ

δֱѸäζ岽 --- Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷѸסýָäʸζ岽 --- оȸˤλס Ϻ ԡ δԡˡˡؤȤФʸ18桧ϵܸʸͤ١ܤΥ޻ҡԡˡˡǡ2024ǯ42562--73ǡ

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2024-12-26 Thu

#5722. Shakespeare 1591--1611ǯδ֤˥ƥͳñ600 [renaissance][shakespeare][emode][latin][greek][borrowing][loan_word][neologism][statistics][neo-latin][scientific_name][scientific_english][word_formation]

16--17νѸϡʬѹͥ󥹤κꡤŵʥƥȥꥷˤºФ졤̤ñ줬Ѹä˼ޤ줿Ǥ롥ƱɽŪʸͤ Shakespeare ʤΤDurkin ˤФηȤΤߤܤȤƤ⡤û֤Υƥͳο ("latinate neologisms") ѸήȤǧȤ

The peak period of the Literary Renaissance was C.1590--1600. The Primary author was Shakespeare who, between 1591 and 1611, introduced no fewer than six hundred latinate neologisms, fifty-three of which occur in Hamlet alone. Many of these became everyday words, e.g. addiction, assassination, compulsive, domineering, obscene, sanctimonious, traditional. (226--27)


Shakespeare ƱŪ¤ϤθƤȤ뤬˽פʤΤϡθοŵ֡ͿȤӤʤΤǤϤʤShakespeare ɽͥ󥹴˲ФΤĤŵ줫θüѤδϡ³ˤˤޤɤषĥĤļѤƤäǤ롥Durkin Ϥ³Ƥ롥

After the Renaissance, a vast amount of technical and scientific vocabulary flooded into English from both Greek and Latin, hence words like carnivorous, clitoris, formula, hymen, nucleus. In the next century, Linnaeus [1707--78] introduced numerous biological terms, like chrysanthemums and rhododendron. The Scientific period, which peaked C.1830, featured many Neolatin terms like am(o)eba, bacterium, flagellum. Finally, the modern technical/technological period featured words like floccilation. (227)


Shakespeare Ѹû˾˲̤1ĤȤߤƤ褤

Durkin, Philip. Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English. Oxford: OUP, 2014.

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2024-12-23 Mon

#5719. ꥷ줬Ѹ˱ƶͿ3Ĥη [greek][latin][borrowing][loan_word][lexicology][word_formation][derivation][compounding][oe][prestige][combining_form][morphology][scientific_name][scientific_english][link]

ꥷ줬ѸͿŪƶϡƥե󥹸Τ٤ȸꤹ褦˻פ뤫⤷ʤºݤˤϤ礭äΤΤȤꡤष (word_formation) Ϳƶ礭ȤäۤŬڤ⤷ʤȤ櫓Ϣ (combining_form) ѤʳطϤʣηϡꥷΰʹ׸Ǥ롥
Durkin (231) ϡѸˤˤ륮ꥷαƶˤĤơ鼡Τ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

Between C5 and C8-9, the Greek liberal arts education was revived, first by the Ostrogoths, later by the Carolingians, and Greek gained special prestige. Writers liberally sprinkled their woks with Greek words, many of which found their way into other languages of Europe, including Old English. Particularly noteworthy are the glossarial poems from Canterbury with words like apoplexis, liturgia, spasmus. Since then, Greek medical doctrine and the terms associated with it became the major part of English medical lexis . . . . More general scientific vocabulary from Greek has mushroomed since C18 . . . .
. . . .
   Greek influence on English, then, is restricted to the lexicon, (limited) derivation, and compounding. Words entered English initially through Roman borrowings, then through direct borrowing from Ancient Greek writers, more recently through word formation (combining roots and affixes) in English.


ꥷαѸؤαƶˤϡ3ѥ󤢤뤤3ʳäȤޤȤƤ褤

(1) ƥͳơ
(2) ľܥꥷ줫ʶʹߡ
(3) ꥷǡפѤѸǤ¤ʶʹߡä18ʹߡֲʳѸ쿷ŵŪʣ (neo-classical compounds) 뤤ϡֱפȸƤǤ褤

ΥѥˤĤƤ⡤ꥷդ줿ҿ (prestige) ȿǤƳؽѸ¤줬ŪǤ롥ϢȤơʲ hellog ⻲ȡ

#516. ľܤΥꥷѤ15 ([2010-09-25-1])
#552. combining form ([2010-10-31-1])
#616. Ѹβʳظäȯ ([2011-01-03-1])
#617. Ѹ5ʬθä̻ʬۡ ([2011-01-04-1])
#1694. ʳظäˤƥꥷǤ˱ɤͳ ([2013-12-16-1])
#3014. Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷο¸ߴ19 ([2017-07-28-1])
#3013. 19񤵤줿ŵŪʣ ([2017-07-27-1])
#3166. ȤƤβʳѸ ([2017-12-27-1])
#3179. ֿŵŪʣפֱפ ([2018-01-09-1])
#3368. ֥ƥϡ׸üѤλȷϩ ([2018-07-17-1])
#4191. ʳѸΰ̣νؤŤˤĤơ ([2020-10-17-1])
#4449. ꥷαѸؤΥѥȡ ([2021-07-02-1])
#5718. ꥷͳμƬϢ ([2024-12-22-1])

Durkin, Philip. Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English. Oxford: OUP, 2014.

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2021-02-08 Mon

#4305. Ūʬθä˸ --- 礤ʤϼ̡ [borrowing][lexicology][loan_word][scientific_name][scientific_english]

夬Ūʬθäϰۤʤ֤ߤڤꤵ졤˸ȻŦƤ롥
ŵŪ˲ʳѸǰƬˤȡΤˤθäϾʤȤ͡θ֤ǡ¿ξ¿θ֤Ǥ⡤̤Ƥ뤳Ȥ¿ȤƸ̤ǤϤʤʤäǤ⡤ΰ̣ʲʳŪˤϤۤƱݤΤ̤Ǥ롥Ūʬθä춭ۤŤƤˤĤơ (210--11) ϡ礤ʤϼ̡פȤŪ̾ͿʤŦƤ롥

礤ʤϼ

˭٤ʼѤϡ衼åѤνθäΤʤˡɤ򤳤ƱȿΤҤФƤ롥衼åѰʳΦνˤĤƤƱȤ롥ˡ衼åѰʳνϡä˭ˤ뤿˸ŵŪפꡤĤͤˤäθǤ롥ȤСҥǥ졤졤ӥ޸ʤɤνˤϥ󥹥åȤȥѡ졤ܸˤϸŵ䷱ɴ졤ƥ륯ϸ󥴥ϸˤϸťȥ륳ȸť󥴥줬ˤ롥餹٤ƤθϤޤƱͤˡѸФɬפ뤿ˡѸˤäƤ롥ƤαѸ⡤¿γѸƥ졤ꥷθ캬ƤΤǤ롥
η̡¿Υ衼åѤ䤽¾ϰθ줬ꥷƥη°ʤȤƤ⡤ѸŪˤ褯Ƥ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥Τ褦ƱνưפˤꡤʤȤȤ򤷤䤹ƤȤ顤ᥤĴ褦ˡά͡Ϥ줾줿ε¤ʥԡȤʤäƤޤΤƸñ줬˰ۼʽʸΤϤƤʤ¿ͤʻǤϤʤʤ꡽ξˤϤФдȤȤʤ롽٤Ƥʸ˶̤ʳǰоݤ򤤤ĤƱ褦ɽ魯Ǥ򷿤ˤʤäƤΤǤСΤ褦ñͭϤȤ˼Ѥ˻񤹤ΤȤʤꡤкŪǤʤСγ˭ˤʤɤȤϡʤʤʤ
ºݤˤϡ衼åѤνǤϼ̤ϡŪʸäǤäƤ餺ΰ̣Ǹäʬ˸¤Ƥ롥ĤʬϤȤξ֤ΤޤޤǤꡤȤ˴ɽʤɤǤʤȤϤɽʬǤ«ݤʤ櫓ǤϤʤˡƲ⡤ҤȤĤθܼŤʸˡ¤ϡ줾ͭηǤĤŤƤ롥Ǥʾ塤¿θ줬Ф뤳Ȥϡ̵ŪǼؤǽƻ̤¸ߤΤȤϤ櫓ΤǤ롥Ūʬθä˸ΤϡΤ褦̿γ̷֤⤹ɤʸ³򵭤ŤƤΤǤ롥


μݤϡŪʬθä˴ؤƤгΤˡ礤ʤϼ̡פηϸ뤬ޤǤʬŪɽŪʤΤˤηΤ˴ؤƤΡ֤ʤ礤ʤϼ̡פʤɤʤȤȤѺǸǡ礤ʤϼ̤Ρʸ³פˤޤǸڤǤ롥¤ϸϼ̤ξʤ뤳ȤʤʸϤäΤǤϤʤȲᤷʤ
ѸˤΩ줫βʳѸ¤졦ŤˤĤƤϡ#1694. ʳظäˤƥꥷǤ˱ɤͳ ([2013-12-16-1])#3013. 19񤵤줿ŵŪʣ ([2017-07-27-1])#3166. ȤƤβʳѸ ([2017-12-27-1])#3179. ֿŵŪʣפֱפ ([2018-01-09-1])#4191. ʳѸΰ̣νؤŤˤĤơ ([2020-10-17-1]) ʤɤεɤ

ɡˡë 𡦺 ľҡˡض̸ --- 衼åѽᤰء١ҡ2018ǯ

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2020-10-17 Sat

#4191. ʳѸΰ̣νؤŤˤĤ [scientific_name][scientific_english][lexicology][conceptual_metaphor][lexicology][register][loan_translation][borrowing][loan_word][latin]

ʳѸ˸¤餺ŪѸʤŪʸŪʲͤĸäȤΰ̣ϡ춭ۤƹϰϤŤġ줫̤θؤȸäۤܤΤޤ޼Ѥ뤳Ȥ⤢СƼޤ뤳Ȥ⤢뤬Ԥξˤ줬ӤӤ̣ϡƤꥸʥθǤ롥ȤΤϡ춭ۤŤΤϡ줽켫ΤȤϡषΰ̣ --- ȤʤäƤŪʸŪʲ ---
ˤСñθΤߤʤ餺ϢäޤȤޤäŤ뤳Ȥ¿ȤǤϡºݤŤƤΤϡ츫ȸä䤽ΰ̣Τ褦ˤߤơ¤ϤظǤ복ǰ᥿ե (conceptual_metaphor) ʤΤǤϤʤȤͤǤ롥
ʾϡMeillet (20--21) ̾ʰ̣ѲɤǤȤˡդȵդȤǤ롥1ʸǰѤƤ

Le fait est particulièrement sensible dans les groupes composés de savants, ou bien où l'élément scientifique tient une place importante. Les savants, opérant sur des idées qui ne sauraient recevoir une existence sensible que parle langage, sont très sujets à créer des vocabulaire spéciaux dont l'usage se répand rapidement dans les pays intéressés. Et comme la science est éminemment internationale, les termes particuliers inventés par les savants sont ou reproduits ou traduits dans des groupes qui parlent les langues communes les plus diverses. L'un des meilleurs exemples de ce fait est fourni par la scholastique dont la langue a eu un caractère éminemment européen, et à laquelle l'Europe doit la plus grande partie de ce que, dans la bigarrure de ses langues, elle a d'unité de vacabulaire et d'unité de sens des mots. Un mot comme le latin conscientia a pris dans la langue de l'école un sens bien défini, et les groupes savants ont employé ce mot même en français } les nécessités de la traduction des textes étrangers et le désir d'exprimer exactement la même idée ont fait rendre la même idée par les savants germaniques au moyen de mith-wissei en, gothique, de gi-wizzani en vieux haut-allemand (allemand moderne gewissen). Souvent les mots techniques de ce genre sont trduits littéralement et n'ont guère de sens dans la langue où ils sont transférés; ainsi le nom de l'homme qui a de la pitié, latin misericors, a été traduit littéralement en gotique arma-hairts (allemand barm-herzig) et a passé du germanique en slave, par example russe milo-serdyj. Ce sont là de pures transcriptions cléricales de mots latins.


ѸˤʳѸˤĤƤϡ#616. Ѹβʳظäȯ ([2011-01-03-1])#617. Ѹ5ʬθä̻ʬۡ ([2011-01-04-1])#3166. ȤƤβʳѸ ([2017-12-27-1]) ʤɤǼ夲ƤȴϢơȤ櫓#1694. ʳظäˤƥꥷǤ˱ɤͳ ([2013-12-16-1]) 򻲾Ȥ줿

Meillet, Antoine. "Comment les mots changent de sens." Année sociologique 9 (1906). 1921 ed. Rpt. Dodo P, 2009.

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2018-01-09 Tue

#3179. ֿŵŪʣפֱפ [neo-latin][latin][greek][word_formation][lexicology][loan_word][compounding][derivation][lmode][scientific_english][scientific_name][neologism][waseieigo][terminology][register]

ŵŪʣ (neoclassical compounds) Ȥϡaerobiosis, biomorphism, cryogen, nematocide, ophthalmopathy, plasmocyte, proctoscope, rheophyte, technocracy Τ褦ʸʤФвʳѸˤؤDurkin (346--37) ˤСतθä᤯1600ǯ夫ǧ졤㤨 polycracy (1581), pantometer (1597), multinomial (1608) ߤ롥ȯŪ̻褦ˤʤäΤϡʳؤ®ȯŸѸȤ櫓19ˤʤäƤΤȤǤʡ#616. Ѹβʳظäȯ ([2011-01-03-1])#3013. 19񤵤줿ŵŪʣ ([2017-07-27-1])#3014. Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷο¸ߴ19 ([2017-07-28-1])#3166. ȤƤβʳѸ ([2017-12-27-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ
ŵŪʣˤĤƶĴƤ٤ϡ줬ѸǤϤʤޤDZѸʤϤȤ衼åѤνˤˤƷ줿ǤȤΤ˥ƥ䥮ꥷʤɤθŵǥȤƤϤ뤬褷ƤѤ줿櫓ǤϤʤΰ̣Ǥϱñݤκۤ򤷤ƤʤñǤϤʤѸפӤ뤳ȤǤ롥ŵŪʣϱѸǤ뤫顤ĤޤֱפȤäƤ褤ѸȤΤäϡԤȤƹŪDzʳŪʸ̮Ѥ뤬ԤϤǤϤʤȤ¤ˤ롥ʤξԤΤˤϻѰˤиߤ롥Durkin ϡŵŪʣˤĤƼΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

. . . these formations typically belong to the international language of science and move freely, often with little or no morphological adaptation, between English, French, German, and other languages of scientific discourse. They are often treated in very different ways in different traditions of lexicography and lexicology; however, those terms that are coined in modern vernacular languages are certainly not loanwords from Latin or Greek, even though they may be formed from elements that originated in such loanwords. (347)


. . . Latin words and word elements have become ubiquitous in modern technical discourse, but frequently in new compound or derivative formations or with new meanings that have seldom if ever been employed in contextual use in actual Latin sentences. (349)


¤ؤơֿŵŪʣפȸƤֱ֤פȸƤ֤ϡǤϤʤѸξˤϡֱѸŪʣפȸƤФʤΤϤʤΰ㤤ϲ˵Τ

Durkin, Philip. Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English. Oxford: OUP, 2014.

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2017-12-27 Wed

#3166. ȤƤβʳѸ [waseieigo][latin][greek][scientific_name][compounding][compound][lmode][neo-latin][combining_form][neologism][lexicology][word_formation]

ε#3165. ȤƤ conspicuous external ([2017-12-26-1]) ȴϢơƤӡֱפμդꡥѸˤϡʳؤȯŸȼӤʳѸ줬ޤ줿ΤۤȤɤꥷƥͳ褹 (combining_form) Ѥ (compounding) ˤ¤Ǥʡ#552. combining form ([2010-10-31-1])#1694. ʳظäˤƥꥷǤ˱ɤͳ ([2013-12-16-1])#3013. 19񤵤줿ŵŪʣ ([2017-07-27-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ
Kay and Allan (20--21) Τ褦˥ȤƤ롥

While borrowing continues to reflect contact with other cultures, many scientific words are not strictly speaking loanwords. Rather, they are constructed from roots adopted from the classical languages. This has the advantage of a degree of semantic transparency: if you know that tele, graph and phone come from Greek roots meaning respectively 'afar', 'writing' and 'sound', and vision from a Latin root meaning 'see, look', you can begin to understand telegraph, telephone and television. You can also coin other words using similar patterns, and possibly elements from other sources, as in telebanking.


"neo-Hellenic compounds" "neo-Latin compounds" ȤƤФ嵭Τ褦ʸäϡ̣Ǥϥƥ䥮ꥷ줫μѸȤߤʤ뤫⤷ʤŬڤˡֱפ뤤ϡֱפȤߤʤΤ褤ΤǤϤʤĤñ줬ñȯ¤줵줿櫓ǤϤʤ¤ηŪѤ줿ˡǤ뤫֥ѥ󲽤줿פȸƤ֤ΤŬڤ⤷ʤ

Kay, Christian and Kathryn Allan. English Historical Semantics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2015.

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2017-07-28 Fri

#3014. Ѹˤˤ륮ꥷο¸ߴ19 [greek][compound][compounding][combining_form][lexicology][scientific_name][word_formation][lmode][neologism]

ε#3013. 19񤵤줿ŵŪʣ ([2017-07-27-1]) Ǥ⿨줿褦ˡ19Ѹ¤Τˡŵͳ褹ǤϢ (combining_form) ȤƤѤ줿Ǥ롥ŵȤϥƥȥꥷؤԤϱѸˤ̤¿ʱƶڤܤƤΤΡԤ¸ߴѸޤǤϤۤȤɴʤ褦䤯ѸäơľܤθüѤʤ褦ˤʤäƤˤθ⤷Ф餯äΩĤȤʤä (cf. #516. ľܤΥꥷѤ15 ([2010-09-25-1])#114. ѸμѸεȳ ([2009-08-19-1]))
#2385. OED ˤ롤ŵ줪ӥޥ󥹽줫μѸä (2) ([2015-11-07-1]) Υդ#2357. OED ˤ롤ŵ줪ӥޥ󥹽줫μѸäס ([2015-10-10-1]) 󤫤狼Ȥꡤ19˥ꥷǤ¸ߴ̻ŪˤߤȡꥷͳαñΰŪȾ19ʹߤƳǤ롥Beal (26) ΥȤ򻲾Ȥ褦

Whilst Greek had been recognized as a language of learning for centuries, it was not until the nineteenth century that large numbers of neologisms were formed from etymologically Greek words and elements. Indeed, Bailey (1996: 144 [= Bailey, R. W. Nineteenth-Century English. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1996]) points out that 70 per cent of the Greek words in the 80,000-word core vocabulary of English appeared after 1800.


ȤƤѸ줬¿ߤޤǤ˰̲ΤޤޤƤ롥cyclosis ʺ˦ή, creosote ѡѥ쥪ȡ, eclecticism ﵻˡ, ideograph ɽʸ, phonograph ߲, telephone õˤʤɤ
ʤñ¿ϡ̩ˤХꥷ줫μѸȤ⥮ꥷͳ褹Ǥˤ¤ȤߤʤΤŬڤ#1694. ʳظäˤƥꥷǤ˱ɤͳ ([2013-12-16-1]) ⻲Ȥ줿

Beal, Joan C. English in Modern Times: 1700--1945. Arnold: OUP, 2004.

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2017-07-27 Thu

#3013. 19񤵤줿ŵŪʣ [compounding][greek][latin][neo-latin][inkhorn_term][lexicology][combining_form][scientific_name][lmode][word_formation][neologism]

Ѹ˭ʸûˤˤĤơ#756. μѸ ([2011-05-23-1]), #1526. Ѹܸθûоɽ ([2013-07-01-1])#2966. Ѹä (2) ([2017-06-10-1])#2977. Ϣ6֤ʤѸä3ع¤Τ --- ͥ󥹴Υƥ줫֤ȥס ([2017-06-21-1]) ʤɤǼ夲Ƥ˭Ǥ뤬椨ˡ˾塤ߤ˼ڤꤹꤹȤȽ֤Ƥ
Ǥͭ̾ʤΤ16ȾΡ֥ (inkhorn_term) Ǥꡤ#576. inkhorn term ȱѸ켭 ([2010-11-24-1]) ʤɤǾҲ𤷤Ƥۤˤ#2147. ѸΥե󥹼ѸȽ ([2015-03-14-1])#2813. Bokenham ν ([2017-01-08-1])#1411. Ѹä "oversea language" ([2013-03-08-1]) Τ褦ˡޤΩʤȤǸȽϷ֤Ƥ
⤦1դä٤ϡѸ¤ˡħȤ⤤뿷ŵŪʣ (neo-classical compounds) ˸줿ȽǤ롥˥ƥ䥮ꥷϢ (combining_form) Ѥ¤줹Τǡneo-Latin compounds neo-Hellenic compounds ȤƤФ롥¤ˡϡ19˲ʳѸʤɤѸ줬̤ɬפȤʤäݤѤ줿ˡǤ (cf. #1694. ʳظäˤƥꥷǤ˱ɤͳ ([2013-12-16-1]))
Beal (22--23) 19οŵŪʣؤȽȡĤƤΡ֥פ褬褯ƤŦƤ롥

   If we look at comments on language in the nineteenth century, we find a range of opinions remarkably similar to those expressed during the 'inkhorn' controversy of the late sixteenth/early seventeenth centuries. On the one hand, there were complaints about the number of new words coined from Latin and Greek. Richard Grant White writes:
   
   
In no way is our language more wronged than by a weak readiness with which many of those who, having neither a hearty love nor a ready mastery of it, or lacking both, fly readily to the Latin tongue or to the Greek for help in naming a new thought or thing, or the partial concealment of an old one . . . By doing so they help to deface the characteristic traits of our mother tongue, and to mar and stunt its kindly growth (1872; 22, cited in Bailey, 1996: 141--2 [= Bailey, R. W. Nineteenth-Century English. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1996]).

   
   Others objected to the profusion of technical and scientific vocabulary, again mainly from Greek and Latin sources. R. Chenevix Trench wrote (1860: 57--8) that these were 'not, for the most part, except by an abuse of language, words at all, but signs: having been deliberately invented as the nomenclature and, so to speak, the algebraic notation of some special art or science'.


ŵŪʣϡȼξˤơʾʤȤԤˤȤäơȽоݤȤʤäƤȤ狼롥
ĤǤʤ顤ܸˤ֥ץȽ丽ߤΡ֥ʸפ⡤Ѹˤξ嵭ΥȤ褯Ƥ롥ˤĤƤϡ#1630. 졤ʸ졤ץ ([2013-10-13-1])#1999. Chuo Online ε֥ʸΩŪ˻ס ([2014-10-17-1])#2977. Ϣ6֤ʤѸä3ع¤Τ --- ͥ󥹴Υƥ줫֤ȥס ([2017-06-21-1]) Dz⡦ɾƤΤ󤴻Ȥ

Beal, Joan C. English in Modern Times: 1700--1945. Arnold: OUP, 2004.

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2013-12-16 Mon

#1694. ʳظäˤƥꥷǤ˱ɤͳ [greek][compounding][scientific_name][lexicology][combining_form][scientific_name][scientific_english]

ʳظ (ISV = International Scientific Vocabulary) ˤϡꥷǤʣ礵Τ¿Ф neo-Hellenic compounds ȸƤФ뤬θäϼȤƶλʪǤʥƥξˤ neo-Latin compounds ȤƤФ졤碌 neo-classical compounds ȸƤФ뤳Ȥ⤢ˡ̾ˤƤ⡤#511. Myrmecophaga tridactyla ([2010-09-20-1]) #512. ̾ ([2010-09-21-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡꥷǤøŪѤƤ뤷#552. combining form ([2010-10-31-1]) ζ븻ȤƤƱ礭ޤeco-, micro-, tele-, -ology ʤɤΥꥷͳ褹ܼϤ⤯ISV ȤϤ߽Фơ̸äηˤڤǤ롥
ISV ˤƥꥷ줬˱ɤطʤˤϡʳؤȯŸΤˤơƥ¤ǥꥷ줬ĹָҤȤߤʤƤ롥衼åѤˤơꥷΰҿɤĶۤƹäƤȤΤϡʳؤȯŸˤȤäƤϹʤȤäѸե󥹸ɥĸ⡤ISV ΤˤꥷѤȤΩ䤹äͥ󥹰ʹߡº֤٤μθϥꥷʵڤӥƥˤˤꡤȶ̤ƹͤ褦ˤʤäȤǡθβʳءʸáˤȯŸȳˤȤäơ郎äΤǤ롥
Potter (86) ϡμθȤƤΥꥷȤͤޥޥ󥹽Τߤʤ餺ϤΥˤƤϤޤäȤϡȤ櫓ʤȤǤäȽҤ٤Ƥ롥

In the ever expanding world of science and invention most of these new words are either taken direct from Greek or compounded of Greek elements. This applies not only to English but also to the other three widely disseminated languages --- French, Spanish and Portuguese. Moreover, and in some ways more important still, this also applies to Russian. The modified Cyrillic 33-letter alphabet of modern Russian is based upon the 22-letter alphabet of Greek which is the same today as it was in the time of Plato and Aristotle. Ties between Kiev, Byzantium and Athens have been close throughout the ages. / It is indeed most fortunate that the scientists of the two leading powers --- the United States and the Soviet Union --- both go to Greek for their technical terms. Scientists now have at their disposal a copious store of neo-Hellenic components. They have come to regard the Greek language as a kind of quarry from which they can mine blocks to be shaped at need to make new words or to adapt forms already in use. (86)


ϡʸηϤޤʸˤ̤ơꥷȤ̩ܿݤäƤ衼åѽʸȥʸȤδ֤ˤŪľܤ¿ʤäơȤ⤹ ISV 2ġʰʾˤηʬƤޤäƤ⤷ʤ⤷ʤäƤ顤ʳؤȯŸ®٤Ϥä٤ʤäƤ衼åѤǶ̤ưҿǧƤꥷ줬ʳظ÷δäȤ줿Ȥǡˤ ISV 1˼ޤäƤΤǤ롥
ܸüԤˤȤäơISV δפ˥ꥷ줬뤫Ȥäơؤ־ä˥åȤ櫓ǤϤʤISV 1ǤޤȤޤäƤ뤳ȤˤäƲʳؤȯŸ¤¥졤βä̱Ȥƺ¤˵ƤȹͤСϤꥮꥷƯ礭ɾǤ

Potter, Simon. Changing English. London: Deutsch, 1969.

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2013-12-16 Mon

#1694. ʳظäˤƥꥷǤ˱ɤͳ [greek][compounding][scientific_name][lexicology][combining_form][scientific_name][scientific_english]

ʳظ (ISV = International Scientific Vocabulary) ˤϡꥷǤʣ礵Τ¿Ф neo-Hellenic compounds ȸƤФ뤬θäϼȤƶλʪǤʥƥξˤ neo-Latin compounds ȤƤФ졤碌 neo-classical compounds ȸƤФ뤳Ȥ⤢ˡ̾ˤƤ⡤#511. Myrmecophaga tridactyla ([2010-09-20-1]) #512. ̾ ([2010-09-21-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡꥷǤøŪѤƤ뤷#552. combining form ([2010-10-31-1]) ζ븻ȤƤƱ礭ޤeco-, micro-, tele-, -ology ʤɤΥꥷͳ褹ܼϤ⤯ISV ȤϤ߽Фơ̸äηˤڤǤ롥
ISV ˤƥꥷ줬˱ɤطʤˤϡʳؤȯŸΤˤơƥ¤ǥꥷ줬ĹָҤȤߤʤƤ롥衼åѤˤơꥷΰҿɤĶۤƹäƤȤΤϡʳؤȯŸˤȤäƤϹʤȤäѸե󥹸ɥĸ⡤ISV ΤˤꥷѤȤΩ䤹äͥ󥹰ʹߡº֤٤μθϥꥷʵڤӥƥˤˤꡤȶ̤ƹͤ褦ˤʤäȤǡθβʳءʸáˤȯŸȳˤȤäơ郎äΤǤ롥
Potter (86) ϡμθȤƤΥꥷȤͤޥޥ󥹽Τߤʤ餺ϤΥˤƤϤޤäȤϡȤ櫓ʤȤǤäȽҤ٤Ƥ롥

In the ever expanding world of science and invention most of these new words are either taken direct from Greek or compounded of Greek elements. This applies not only to English but also to the other three widely disseminated languages --- French, Spanish and Portuguese. Moreover, and in some ways more important still, this also applies to Russian. The modified Cyrillic 33-letter alphabet of modern Russian is based upon the 22-letter alphabet of Greek which is the same today as it was in the time of Plato and Aristotle. Ties between Kiev, Byzantium and Athens have been close throughout the ages. / It is indeed most fortunate that the scientists of the two leading powers --- the United States and the Soviet Union --- both go to Greek for their technical terms. Scientists now have at their disposal a copious store of neo-Hellenic components. They have come to regard the Greek language as a kind of quarry from which they can mine blocks to be shaped at need to make new words or to adapt forms already in use. (86)


ϡʸηϤޤʸˤ̤ơꥷȤ̩ܿݤäƤ衼åѽʸȥʸȤδ֤ˤŪľܤ¿ʤäơȤ⤹ ISV 2ġʰʾˤηʬƤޤäƤ⤷ʤ⤷ʤäƤ顤ʳؤȯŸ®٤Ϥä٤ʤäƤ衼åѤǶ̤ưҿǧƤꥷ줬ʳظ÷δäȤ줿Ȥǡˤ ISV 1˼ޤäƤΤǤ롥
ܸüԤˤȤäơISV δפ˥ꥷ줬뤫Ȥäơؤ־ä˥åȤ櫓ǤϤʤISV 1ǤޤȤޤäƤ뤳ȤˤäƲʳؤȯŸ¤¥졤βä̱Ȥƺ¤˵ƤȹͤСϤꥮꥷƯ礭ɾǤ

Potter, Simon. Changing English. London: Deutsch, 1969.

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2011-08-15 Mon

#840. ʪο𤬱ѸǤĤ [scientific_name][elf]

82դ asahi.dom ǡ򸫤Ĥ

ʪο𡤱ѸǤġƥ
ǯ֡ƥ˸¤Ƥʪοȯ𤬱ѸǤǤ褦ˤʤäȥꥢܥdz줿ݿʪزĤޤϻΤǤʤŻҽǤʸǧ뤳Ȥˤ
ʪؤǤϣǯ˹ݥ롼뤬Ǥϡ֥ƥΤߡפǡΤ˷Ǻܤ줿Τ˸¤äƤβʸȯɽ®졤ưפˤʤȴԤ롥
̿̾ѰѰĹΥɥ顦ʥåΡʱѹʪۡˤϡֿʪʳؤˤȤä礭ʰ⡥Ǥľ̤Ƥ뺣郎᤯Ͽ졤õ䤹ʤΤư礤ΩĤϤפäȯɽ


2005ǯΥĤDz줿ݿʪ̿̾ (ICBN) 36ˤСпʪοʬෲ̿̾ˤϥƥˤ뵭ܤ̳ŤƤICBN βƤ6ǯ˰ٳŤݿʪĤǵķ褵뤬Υܥġ2011ǯ723?30ˤǤϡ˴٤ƤƤݷ褵Ƥ֥ƥ̳űѡפĤ˵ķ褵줿XVIII International Botanical Congress ˷ǺܤƤ Congress Resolutions ǡ𤬤ʤƤ롥ʲϢʬžܡֻϰѼԡˡ

Resolution 5
   The XVIII International Botanical Congress, in Melbourne, Australia, resolves that the decisions of its Nomenclature Section with respect to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (now to be the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants), noting with interest that specified types of electronic publication are now effective for nomenclatural purposes, that descriptions of new taxa may now appear in English or Latin, that, for valid publication, new names of fungi must include citation of an identifier issued by a recognized repository that will register the name, and that the Code will henceforth provide for a single name for all fungi and for all fossils falling under its provisions, as well as the appointment of officers and members of the nomenclature committees, made by that section during its meetings on 18-22 July, be accepted.


糰ʤΤǿʪؤʬෲ̿̾δˤĤƤϾܤΤʤεķϡˤƥʿƥʸɤϡʪؤθŵƥǽ񤫤Ƥ뤳ȡƥθʤʥեޥåȤ椨˰ľʿʬෲܤ򤱤뤳ȡƥ줬ŪʸǤ뤳ȡʤɤͳ˵󤲤Ƥ뤬ͳǤϲڤʤۤɤ˥ƥ䤬ƤȤȤޤεķϱѸ줬ĤƤΥƥƱεǽô褦ˤʤäƤƤڵǤ⤢롥
ƥˤƤѸˤƤ⡤Ū˰ŪʸȤΤ¸ߤΤɤϵ路Ȥ˸ʤʵϤ줿ȤƤ⡤ϼΤȤȤѲ뤳ȤϤ롥ޤθ줬ҿݤ³뤫ɤϼҲ׵˰¸뤬Ҳ׵ȤϻȤȤѤΤǤ롥ҲŪǽˤƱѸ줬ĤƤΥƥ˼ääƤƤȤȤϴְ㤤ʤѸ줬塤ĤƤΥƥĶƹŪ˰ŪʸȤʤȤͽ¬ϵ;Ϥ
Ϣơ̾ (scientific name) ˤĤơ[2010-09-21-1]εֳ̾פ򻲾ȡ

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2011-01-02 Sun

#615. rabbit hare κƱϤʤ!? [ame][semantic_change][scientific_name]

ε[2011-01-01-1]DZѸ rabbit hare ΰ㤤˿줿ξԤʬŪˤ Lagomorpha ֥ܡפ Leporidae ֥ʡפΰۤʤ°°ƤꡤΤ˶̤ΤǤ뤬ѾϺƱƤ롥㤨Сʬ jackrabbit ֥åפ hare Ǥꡤrock hare ֥פ rabbit Ǥ롥ưʪ̾˴ؤƤϡʬؾθ̩ʳ̾ ( scientific name ) ȴŪѤƤ¯̾ ( common name ) ȤΤˤϴˤطˤ̿̾ʬŪ̩礤嵭Τ褦ʤ ( see [2010-09-20-1], [2010-09-21-1] )
Ѹ rabbit hare þ϶̤ƤΤΡʬ塦־ζ̤ȤϴѤˤƤʬȤ򤷤ƤΤ褤⤷ʤξԤζ̤ѤˤΤǤ뤳Ȥ΢դ뵭Ҥ Mencken (139) ˤä

Zoologically speaking, there are no native rabbits in the United States; they are all hares. But hare to an American normally means the so-called Belgian hare, which is not a hare at all, but a true rabbit.


ΤˤȡƤ rabbit ΰ cottontail ֥勵פ򻺤롥ä Mencken "there are no native rabbits in the United States" ϴְäƤꡤ;פ˺ȤκΤŪʬ¯̾ȤƤʤΤǤ뤳ȤξںʤΤǤϤʤ
Mencken ¾ˤ⥢ꥫԤ¸¯̾򥢥ꥫŬѤȤưʲ󤲤Ƥ롤bay ֥åʤ˻ڡˡ, beech ֥֥ʡʤ˻ڡˡ, blackbird ֡ơե९ɥɥ, Աѡեɥ, hemlock ֡ơեɥꡤԱѡեɥ˥󥸥, lark ֥ҥХʤ˻Ļˡ, laurel ֥åʤ˻ڡˡ, oriole ֡ơե९ɥɥԱѡե饤, partridge ֥ޥʤ˻Ļˡ, robin ֡ơեޥĥߡԱѡեޥɥ, swallow ֥ĥХʤ˻Ļˡ, walnut ֥ߥΥʤ˻ڡˡס
ĶλʪؼƤ줬ĶǤȻƤ뤬̩ˤϰۤʤʪؼ褦ˤʤȤѲϡɤθˤⵯꤦ뤳Ȥ ( sign ) ؼо ( referent ) ѲȤݤϡľŪʰ̣Ѳ ( semantic change ) λȤϸƤ٤ʤ̤ȤƤϰ̣ѲƱȤȤ館Ƥ롥褯ΤƤ󤲤Сcar ϼ֡פּư֡פؤỌ̇̄ѲФΤ⡤ŪˤϡưϤȯˤȤʤäƻؼоݤŪʼ֤Ūʼ֤ؤѲȤ˵롥ʪȤˡ˲餫Ƥ¸λؼоݤбŬѤ߽ФϫʤȤΤϡΤ˸άǤ롥դˤСΡְ°פˡפ椨 rabbit hare Τ褦ʸ̩礯̤⤹Τ
rabbit hare ζ̤ʬؼԤǤʤ¤ۤɤۤɤǤ褵ȤȤǯ᡹狼ä

Mencken, H. L. The American Language. Abridged ed. New York: Knopf, 1963.

Referrer (Inside): [2011-01-20-1]

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2010-09-21 Tue

#512. ̾ [scientific_name][lexicography]

ε[2010-09-20-1]ǥꥯγ̾ ( scientific name ) ˤγ̾ ( scientific name ) ȤΤϰΤɤΤ褦ʤΤ
̾ưʪʬෲˤơ̿̾˴ŤƤĤŪ̾ΤǤ롥ǥ󡤥ץؤοʪض ( Carl von Linné [1707-78] ) 1758ǯ˹ͰƤ̾ˡ ( binomial nomenclature ) Ѥ졤°ܼ̾̾פɽ蘆̾磻åΡˡ촴ˤϥƥޤϥƥ첽ꥷ줽¾θ줬Ѥ롥Τˤϡ°ܼ̾̾̿̾ԡפȤ뤬̿̾ԤʬϾά뤳Ȥ¿㤨ХҥȤΤˤ Homo sapience Linne ɽ蘆롥 ( species )° ( genus ) ³̶ʬˤϡ ( family ) ( order ) ( class ) ( phylum ) ( kingdom ) 롥β̶ʬȤưѼ郎ꡤޤɽˤ3ܤդä롥㤨ХɥϥΰȤ졤Gorilla gorilla gorilla ɽʰʾ塤Ƽλŵŵˡ
̾ϥƥ˴ŤƤȤϤ̾̾Ʊͤ universal ʼ ID Ǥ롥äơѸ켭˷Ǻܤڹ礤ΤΤǤϤʤȤͤ⤢롥ΰ̣Ǥϡܸ켭ˤ⤽¾Τɤʸ̸켭ˤǺܤڹ礤ΤΤǤϤʤȤȤˤʤ롥̾ɴʼŵ缭ŵʬȤΩ
ǡ̼̾˺ܤäƤлѼԤˤȤäǤ뤳ȤΤǤ롥βˤ°ʤΤʤСդˤФ٤Ƥθ°ΤѸ켭ܸ켭ˤäƤ褤ȤʸɤǤ Myrmecophaga ȽФƤȤˡ¼ơ֥ꥯ°פȽФƤгΤˤۤäȤ롥
̾˭٤˷ǺܤƤѸ켭ȤäƻפФΤ Web3 ( Webster's Third New International Unabridged Dictionary ) Ǥ롥ĤƼԻξȹȤ Web3 ȼȤ߹äȤ뤬ۤɤγ̾˽Ф路ޤȤٶƤкƥ󡦥ꥷϢ ( combining form; see [2010-09-20-1] ) ˶ʤäƤ⤷ʤ˰ݤƤɤǤϤʤä衤ĿŪˤϳ̾ѸΰȤϤߤʤʤʪؤμȤƴؿγȤƤ
ȤϤؽѤιߤˤ̤̾θäˤޤǡֹߤפƤ륱Ϥ롥Homo sapiens ʤɤϿ͸դƤꡤɬ⾰ʽѸȤϤʤʸ COBUILD μꡥ

What distinguishes homo sapiens from every other living creature is the mind.


ޤݸĻΥȥʼˡʱѸ¯̾ Japanese crested ibis ˤγ̾ Nipponia nippon ȤǤƤޤäΤܤħåΤ̾ȤƤҤȤΩäƤ롥
ưʪࡤ²ۡʪΰˤϤƤ̾Ƥ롥Web3 ؤΥ٥󥸤Ȥơ줫ưʪΰγ̾ܤƤ椳ȡ񤭤ʤäȤդ

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2010-09-20 Mon

#511. Myrmecophaga tridactyla [scientific_name][latin][greek][morphology][combining_form][lexical_stratification]

椬Ȥζ輫ưʪϡ̵ˤ⤫餺ä褦ưʪ餷Ƥ롥ڥ󥮥󡤥ꥢåѥƺǯ6ˤϥꥯΥ˥ⷯưʪफñۤƤ褦 ˥!!ˡꥯܤǤưʪ򤢤碌Ƥ15ƬȤʤưʪǡŪˤǤΤ줬Ȥ

Giant Anteater Giant Anteater Info

ˤȤꥪꥯϱѸǤ giant anteater̾ Myrmecophaga tridactyla Ǥ롥̾ ( scientific name ) ưʪˤĤ줿̤̾ǡƥηֵ§ˤʤä̾դ뤳ȤˤʤäƤ롥֥ꥯפ giant eater ϸ줴Ȥ¯̾ ( common name ) Ǥꡤܤξˤ̾ȤƤФ롥̾Ѥ촴ƥΤΤ¿ƥϥꥷ줫̤˸äѤƤΤǡ̤ȤƳ̾ˤϥꥷθ촴ޤޤƤ뤳Ȥ¿Myrmecophaga tridactyla ⤹٤ƥꥷθ촴ʤ̾Ǥ롥
[2010-05-19-1]εDZѸäλع¤ˤѸäϤޤˤä (1) Ѹ졤(2) ե󥹸졦ƥ졤(3) ꥷ3 ( trisociation ) ʤƤ롥̣ǤäƤͳˤäʣθ줬Ѹ¸ߤΤϤΤǤ롥(1) (3) ˸äƥ٥뤬⤯ʤꡤ줷ˤʤäƤ롥[2010-05-19-1]3ظ ( triset ) Ȥơֵ¡פ󤲤Ѹ antƥѸ formic-ꥷѸ myrmec- Ǥ롥
°̾ Myrmecophaga ֥ꥯ°פ myrmec(o) ֵ¡פ phag(a) ֿ٤פϢˤꡤ⥮ꥷ쵯Ǥ롥Ʊͤˡ̾ tridactyla ⥮ꥷ쵯ǡ3ܻءפΰդǤ tri- 3 + dactyl(a) ֻءסˡ¯̾ anteater ٤Ƴ̾ Myrmecophaga tridactyla η줷äƤ
myrmec, phag(a), tri, dactyl ʤɡñȤǤϸʤʤ1ȤŪѤǡʼȤƼѷǡˤϢ ( combining form ) ȸƤФ졤ѸηǤϰ񤷤ǤǤ롥

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