hellogѸ˥֥     ChangeLog ǿ     ƥǿ     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ڡ / page 1 (11)

semantic_change - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2026-05-10 Sun

#6222. 2026٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤ν4ˡknight õäѸ츶ʸءפΤޤȤ [asacul][notice][hel_education][notice][chaucer][me][semantic_change][silent_letter][kochushoho][popular_passage]

425ڡˤˡī㡼󥿡ɶˤƺǯ٤νȤʤ륪饤ֺ¤򳫤ޤմΤΥȥϡ˾äȤԻ׵Ĥʱñ졡츻õäƸűѸ졦Ѹ츶ʸءפǤȤʤ뺣ϡknight õäѸ츶ʸءפꤷ򤹤뤦ǽפʸ knight ޤѸ츶ʸ顤ñޤŪʲսȴФơʸ̮򲡤ʤɤߤȤǡknight 򿼤褦ȤݤǤͤȤƥȤϡԲϻϲͭˡظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ʸҡ2026ǯǤ

ιֺ¤ǤޤܤΤϡknight ȤθǤθ촶ǤֵΡפַ߻ΡפȤäʥ᡼ŻäƤޤ͡űѸޤǤΤܤСθñʤ־ǯ (boy) ־Ȥ (servant) ˤޤǤΰ̣ѲطʤˤϡֽԡפŪʸӤΩơҲŪϰ̤ƤȤѤǤФƤޤknight ɤäƤ̣ΡֽפˤĤƤ⡤ܤޤ
ֺ¤פǤϡºݤѸθʸ̣ɤޤChaucer The Canterbury Tales Ƭо줹뵳Τ "A KNYGHT ther was, and that a worthy man" ϤȤơĤθʸҲ𤷤ޤ츻ŵñǤ̣廊ʤʸʸ̮˾Ȥ餷ƽƴ knight 뤳ȤǤȻפޤ
ˡñֻȯδطˤĤƤ⿼ꤷޤ knight ˴ޤޤۻ <k> <gh> ϡĤƤϤäȯƤޤűѸֻ cniht Ǥꡤ[knɪçt] Τ褦ȯƤΤǤ17˸Ƭ [k] æιĤ餹褦 [ç] üޤֻĤ줿̡ߤԵ§ʻѤȤʤޤֺ¤Ǥϡ˾ǧ knight ֻ63ˤڤ֤ȤҲ𤷡ɸಽαѸ¿Ū󼨤ޤ

ιֺ¤ϡ523ڡˤˡagain õäѸ츶ʸءפꤷơknight Ȥϼ񤬰ۤʤޤϤ궽̣ñޤظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ٤򻲾ȤޤؿΤϡīθڡꤪߤС

Բ ϲ ͭظűѸ졦Ѹҿӡ١ҡ2026ǯ
߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

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2026-04-05 Sun

#6187. sorami ΡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٥5ơ6ƤƤޤ --- ΤαѸ [note][hee][helkatsu][hel_education][quiz][helwa][disguised_compound][false_friends][semantic_change][greek][loan_word][polysemy]


soramisan_note_quiz_20260321.png



soramisan_note_quiz_20260404.png



ֽϡheldio/helwa ꥹʡ sorami ˤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٥꡼ο note ǸǤ6ƤޤѤ餺ڤؤ٤ɼζǤ2˸줿5ƤȤȤˡҲ𤷤Ȼפޤ
ޤ321˸줿5ƤǤѤ餺·ǡ伫Ȥⴶ㤷ĤIJ򤤤Ƥޤ夲Ƥȥԥå¿ˤ錄ޤʣ holiday ꤫Ϥޤꡤ³ listen hear λȤʬʤɡؽԤĤޤ䤹ݥȤ䤫˥Ƥޤޤnice ΰ̣ѲϱѸˤŴĤΥͥǤ֤פ֤ФפȤäܸθѲ椵Ʋ⤹ݤɤˤϴޤ
ޤ5Ƥϥ桼󥿡ե졤 pdf ǤۤޤǻϤޤäƤޤз祵ӥȸ虜ޤ󡥳عμȤ;䡤äȤƬѤʤϤʤǤ͡
³ơ줿Ф6ƤǤƬ饮ꥷͳñ˾ƤȤʤȤ⿴ˤʤäƤޤλ䤿ˤȤäƶˤƿȶñ줬ˤƸ奮ꥷʸطʤΩΤʬޤꥷͭι⾰ʶޤäơȤƤ٤⾯夬äƤ뤫⤷ޤ󤬡ʸθή˿˳ؽȤƤ˶ŪǤ
ȾǤ right ¿䡤trip travel θ츻Ūʤɡ겼꤬³ޤtravel ʤȡֹפͳ褹Ȥԥɤˤϡ򸫤ơ֤~ޤפ夲ĩԤ³Ф뤳ȴְ㤤ʤǤ͡
sorami ΥϡñظˤˤʸȤʹ֤αĤߤ򴶤ƤޤơֱѸˤδ֤ˡפϥ٥θƤ餷ƥĤȤʤäƤȻפޤ
ξƬˤϡ֤Υ꡼ǤϡҡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤˵ͤޤä֤ؤáפ򥯥ˤƤϤƤޤȤΥͥˡƻҤλإˡǾȥˡΩƤäʤ⤼ҡפȤۤäꤹåդƤޤ͡ǸˤϤĤΤ褦ˡּȤξͥॢåס롼׳ưʤɤ˼ͳ˻ȤäƤйǤפȤ⤢ޤȤƤ򤷤Ǥ͡
οҲȹ碌ơsorami Υ꡼β򤴾Ҳ𤷤ʲ hellog ⤪ɤߤФȻפޤ

#6125. heldio/helwa ꥹʡ sorami ˤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤Υ꡼ --- ΤαѸˡ ([2026-02-02-1])
#6132. sorami ΡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٥2 --- ΤαѸˡ ([2026-02-09-1])
#6166. sorami ΡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٥3ơ4ƤȲʷ --- ΤαѸˡ ([2026-03-15-1])

ҤΥ꡼򤤤ƤߤƤơ˹ƤФȻפޤ

߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2026-02-16 Mon

#6139. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤10very --- ʪפ纮ζոءפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ [asacul][mindmap][notice][intensifier][adverb][semantic_change][lexicology][onomasiology][kdee][hee][etymology][french][loan_word][borrowing][hel_education][helkatsu][conversion][synonym]

131ڡˤˡǯ٤ī㡼󥿡Υ꡼ֺ˾äȤԻ׵Ĥʱñ10󤬡ߴ1ȤƳ֤ޤơޤϡvery --- ʪפ纮ζոءפǤ
very ȤСǤŪ̵ɸʶո (intensifier) ǧƤȻפޤޤܶñʤΤǿͤȤʤ⤷ޤ󤬡ѸŪˤ͡ʴǤ롤οԤʤùܤǤֵǤϡvery εȯŸ򤿤ɤꡤ¾ӤոȤðۤޤǻ̩90ʬȤʤäȻפޤ
īֺ10Ƥ markmap ˤޥɥޥåײޤѤˤȤС


asacul_most_attractive_words_in_hel_10_20260131_mindmap.png



ʤīֺ¤Υ꡼1󤫤9ˤĤƤޥɥޥåפƤΤǡ⤴Ȥ

#5857. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤1she --- 츻䤨ʤ̾פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-05-10-1])
#5887. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤2through --- ޤ¿ֻͤĸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-06-09-1])
#5915. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤3autumn --- ³ƤפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-07-07-1])
#5949. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤4but --- Ĥ¿³פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-08-10-1])
#5977. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤5guy --- ̾饫եʰ̣Ѳ뤲פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-09-07-1])
#6013. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤6English --- ƤñɤޤǤ⿼ꤹפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-10-01-1])
#6041. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤7I --- 1;ñ̾ᤰʪפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-11-10-1])
#6076. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤8take --- 󥰤⤿餷ĶܸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-12-15-1])
#6076. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤8take --- 󥰤⤿餷ĶܸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-12-15-1])
#6098. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤9one --- ñʤ͡ˡعäפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2026-01-06-1])

11228ڡˤǡϡthat --- ؼ줫¿ǽؤפȤʤޤַϰ³饤Τߤǡֻ֤ 15:30--17:00 ǤؿΤϡī㡼󥿡ɶθHPܺ٤򤴳ǧξ塤ߤйǤ

Referrer (Inside): [2026-04-13-1] [2026-03-16-1]

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2026-01-24 Sat

#6116. 131ڡˡīֺ¤ߴ1very --- ʪפ纮ζոءפ֤ޤ [asacul][notice][intensifier][adverb][semantic_change][lexicology][onomasiology][kdee][hee][etymology][french][loan_word][borrowing][hel_education][helkatsu][conversion][synonym]


asacul_20260131.png



ǯ٤Ϸ1ī㡼󥿡ɶDZѸ˹ֺ¤򳫤Ƥޤ꡼ȥϡ˾äȤԻ׵ĤʱñפǤѸŪ˸ߤȴߤΤñ1ӡ⤭ơرѸ츻ŵʸҡˤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥åʸҡεҤ򻲾Ȥʤ顤αñˡҤƤϱѸΤˤޤ
1ָ塤131ڡˤιֺ¤ߴνȤʤޤ夲ΤϡѸؽԤˤȤäơʤ¿αѸüԤˤȤäƤ˺Ǥ߿1ĤǤʤ顤˶ä٤򱣤äƤ very Ǥ
䤿ʡʤ֤ȤƤ⡤ˡפȤ̣ very ȤäƤޤǽ˶ᤤ̤դ줿ñǤѸˤδ餳θįȡˤϡֶĴפȤʹֿˤĤޤȤ㤷¸ˤƤޤʲvery ᤰäƼ夲򤤤Ĥ󤲤Ƥߤޤ

ٸ very ϡ¤ϱѸǤϤʤե󥹸줫μѸǤʤΤ褦ʴŪñ줬Ѥ˻äΤǤ礦
ե󥹸ǤϤȤȡֿ¤Ρפ̣ƻ (cf. Fr. vrai) ǤꡤѸäƤƻȤѤƤޤthe very man ֤ޤˤˡפʤɤˡˤκפĤäƤޤ줬ʤ뤭äǶդȤʤꡤ⤳ޤǹ٤ˤʤäΤǤ礦
ոˤϡֶˡ§פȤ̣ν̿ޤĴɽϻȤ줹ȼ깤ĤĴٹ礤긺äƤޤΤǤ
Ѹˤ̤ơӤո줬ƤϾäƤޤűѸѸǻȤƤɽŪʶոƤߤޤ
¿ζո줬ä椯ʤ뤤岽ˤʤǡʤ very Ĥꡤ˸ѸˤƤۤɤΰ괶򼨤ƤΤǤ礦礭Ǥ
ŪˡֶĴפȤϲֶոפȤϸˤƤɤΤ褦ʰ֤ŤˤΤˤĤƤͤƤߤȻפޤ

Τ褦ˡvery Ȥ츫ññظˡƻ줫ؤʻẓ̌ɺ򲽡ȤζȤäѸû˾ΤΥå󥹤ͤޤäƤޤΥƥ󥰤ˤ90ʬǤäޤ
ֺ¤ؤλˡϡ⥪饤󻲲äΤߤȤʤޤꥢ륿Ǥμ֤Τۤ2֤θƨۿӥ⤢ޤΤԹΤ褤ˡǤäйǤֻ֤ 15:30--17:00 ȤʤäƤޤֺ¤ȿߤξܺ٤īڡꤴǧ
ʤߴΥ饤ʥåפϰʲ̤Ǥ2026ǯ볫⡤DZѸˤڤؤǤޤ礦

- 10131ڡ 15:30?17:00very --- ʪפ纮ζոء
- 11228ڡ 15:30?17:00that --- ؼ줫¿ǽؤ
- 12328ڡ 15:30?17:00be --- ѸΡ¸ߡפ٤ĶԵ§ư

߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

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2026-01-10 Sat

#6102. űѸȸѸ "false friends" [false_friend][semantic_change][borrowing][loan_word][cognate][oe]

ե󥹸 faux amis ȤΤ졤ܸŪС۵פȤʤ false friends Ȥ¸ߤˤĤƤϡܥ֥Ǥ false_friend γƵǶ夲ƤѸˤѸʸ̮ǤϡƤե󥹸줫μѸȡΥꥸʥΥե󥹸ñȤδ֤ǰ̣ƤڥΤȤؤѸ magazine ʻˤʩ magasin Źˤʤɤ false friends ŵǤcf. #4899. magazine ϡֲˡפä ([2022-09-25-1]
̾ false friends ȤˤϡΤ褦˼ѸˤĤƸΤȻפäƤ뤬Ѹ˸¤餺˰̤˹ƹͤ뤳ȤǤ롥㤨2ĤθˡʼѤˤʤƱ줬ꡤ줾̣ۤʤäƤ륱Ѹ gift £ʪˤȥɥĸ Gift ǡˤʤɤŪˤϡ줫뤤ξθǰ̣Ѳ (semantic_change) äˡ̤ȤƤΤ褦 false friends ޤ뤳Ȥˤʤ
false friends ϰϤ򹭤СűѸñȤθѸˤȯãȤδ֤ǰ̣ۤʤ륱ˤѤǤ"diachronic/historical false friends" ȤǤƤ֤٤ʪʤ Barney ˤűѸä Word-Hoard δˡΰ̣Ǥ false friends Ƥ롥Barney (87) Ǥפ21ڥȤƵ󤲤ƤΤѤƤ

          False Friends

The "Index to the Groups" shows several examples of ModE reflexes of OE words which no longer have the same meaning, and which frequently confuse the beginning student. Here is a list of some which appear in this Word-Hoard. (Note that the pret.-pres. verbs are special offenders.)

cræftiġ normally means not"crafty"BUT"powerful"
cunnan"can" "know (how)"
dōm"doom" "judgement"
drēam"dream" "festivity"
drēoriġ"dreary" "bloody" or "grieving"
eorl"earl" "warrior", "nobleman"
folc"folk" "army"
grimm"grim" "fierce"
magan"may" "can, be able"
mōd"mood" "mind, spirit"
*mōtan"must" "may, be permitted"
rīċe"rich" "powerful"
sār"sore" "grievous"
scēawian"show" "look at, examine"
sculan"shall" "ought to"
sellan"sell" "give"
slēan"slay" "strike"
þynċan"think" "seem"
willan"will" "wish"
winnan"win" "contend"
wiþ"with" "against"


Barney, Stephen A. Word-Hoard: An Introduction to Old English Vocabulary. New Haven: Yale UP, 1977.

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2025-12-18 Thu

#6079. Ӿ with ŪȯŸˤĤ --- mond ǤܤƤޤ [mond][preposition][syntax][construction][participle][preposition][semantic_change][sobokunagimon]

μͭץåȥե mond ˼μ䤬ϤޤӾΡwith O CפϤɤΤ褦ˤޤ줿ΤǤ


mond_20251215.png



¿ȿ󤻤ƤޤŪʰ̣ѲȳŪʱƶȤ2ĤλޤҤɤߤС
ŪʱƶȤΤϡűѸ˥ƥ줫˺ݤơƥΩ°ʹʸ (absolute ablative) mid ѤűѸιʸ˰ܤؤ줿Ȥ˴ŤƤޤ줬Ѹʹߤ with ӾιʸˡɤΤ褦˷ӤĤƤΤϡޤ̤ǤѸŪˤϡΤȤȻפޤ
ѸζŪʴѻȤƤϡQuirk et al. (§9.55, pp. 704--05) ˡӾ withפؤθڤޤѸѸȤƤ "accompanying circumstances" "contingency" ʤɤѤ뤳Ȥ¿ǤεΤˡޤӾ withפɤΤ褦ʻȤ򤹤ΤɤäʸǧƤޤ礦

[T]hey [= with and without] can introduce finite (sic) and verbless clauses as adverbial:

     He wandered in without shoes or socks on.
     With so many essays to write, I won't have time to go out tonight.

The fuller clausal equivalent is a participial adverbial clause expressing contingency (cf 15.46):

     Having so many essays to write, I won't have time to go out tonight.

   Since with and without in these functions introduce clauses, they are subordinators, not prepositions. The nonfinite clause may also be a to-infinitive. Compare:

     With Mary being away
     With no one to talk to
     With Mary away John felt miserable.
     With the house empty
     Without anyone to talk to


with Τߤʤ餺 without Ӿʸ⤢뤳ȡֻθư̾줬ľ³ȤϤʤȤʤɡħ뤳ȤʬޤŪˤ̻Ūˤⶽ̣οԤʤʸǤ

Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman, 1985.

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2025-10-10 Fri

#6010. quick ˡƤפθ [adjective][semantic_change][polysemy][oed][khelf][oe][hee]

107ʲСˤ heldio ǤϤ khelf ˤνɾפ3#1591. νɾ by khelf ߷ --- ߷˧ͺˡαѸθ١ʸҡ2009ǯˡˤơquick Ȥƻ줬̣ѲȤδϢȤƤޤ
quick ϡ®Ф䤤פʤɤθܤǤ뤤ʸŪʶäơƤפθޤषθηƻθǡƤעȤƤ롤ӤӤƤעֵҤʡҴʡע®Ф䤤פΤ褦ʰ̣ŸéäȹͤޤOED ˤȡƤפϤȤ¿θǤ˸űѸ줫ߤޤäȤ߿Ǥ®Ф䤤פ1300ǯ˽ФƤޤ¿θˤΤʤؤΤ褦Ѥ߽ŤʤäƤƤꡤquick ŵŪ¿ηƻȤʤäƤΤǤ
quick ΤޤߤΤʤѤƤɽ򤤤Ĥ󤲤Ƥߤޤ礦ʸŪǤ the quick and the dead ȤСԤȻԡפǤƱɽȤ quick with child ǥơư򴶤Ƥˡפ⤢ޤquick water ϡήפۤɤΰ̣ǡquicksilver ϡήפʤֿפ̣ޤ
̾첽 the quick ϡֿФκǤҴʬפۤɤΰ̣顤Ȥ櫓֡ޤϤޤβפθޤֿޤ򤹤פ cut a nail to the quick ʤɤɽޤ
quick ϸƤפ᥿ե䶦ФΥᥫ˥Фơޤޤʰ̣߽ФƤޤŪʸ餳ιϤŸȤäƤ褤Ǥ礦
θ˴ؤ뤵ʤŸ縵θ츻ˤĤƤϡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å quickly ιܤ⤴

߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

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2025-09-09 Tue

#5979. Guy Fawkes you guys --- ֤Τۤإͥ׺ǿ [youtube][semantic_change][personal_pronoun][grammaticalisation][bleaching][eponym][notice]



YouTube ŸƤ֤Τۤإͥκǿ󤬡97ˤۿޤ#369. you guys ʤɤ guy ϤȤȡä--ճˡꤷѸѤ guy Ȥñζä٤Ūطʤȡ߿ʹѲˤĤƸޤưλƤ˼ԤŻ߲ΤߤۿȤʤäƤޤޤäƤ˽Ǥ뤫餫ʡˡϿӤƤ褦ǤϡۿƤ hellog ȤƺƹҲ𤷤ޤ
Ѹθǡä˥ꥫѸˤ Hey, you guys! Τ褦ˡʣ˸ƤӤݤ˻Ȥ guys guy ϡȤȡ֤ġˡפ̣뤴դ줿ñȤǧƤޤθ츻̤ȡ˾οʪ˹Ԥ夭ޤ17ƬΥ󥰥ɤǵŻ (the Gunpowder Plot) μ¹Ȥ1͡Guy Fawkes (1570--1606) Ǥ
1605ǯ115񲦥ॺ1ȵIJμץСäƥ̤郎ޤˤֲŻפǤηײ̤ȯФGuy Fawkes ޤඦżԤ館졤跺ޤ񲦤ϡ󥰥ɼҲλ郎ð줿ȤˤḺ́˺뤳ȤΤʤ褦ǯ115ʲФʲƽˤȤ夷ޤ줬ߤޤ³ Guy Fawkes Night λϤޤǤ
ν˺פǤϡξħǤ Guy Fawkes οͷꡤ󤷤dz䤹Ȥޤޤ顤guy ȤñϤޤGuy Fawkes οͷפؤ褦ˤʤꡤ䤬ơ֤ߤܤ餷뤤ϴ̯ʳʹ򤷤ˡפؤỌ̇̄򹭤ޤηŪʥ˥奢󥹤ȼäƤ櫓Ǥ
19ˤʤȡñϤ˰̣̲ñˡˡġ (a fellow, a chap) ؤ̾ؤѲޤäˤΰ̣ϡΤϤäꥫǹޤޤǤǤ⽽ʬ˷Ūʰ̣Ѳ (semantic_change) ƻΤȤޤ
guy ʪϤǽޤ20ʹߡä you guys ηǡʣοͤؤ2;̾ (personal_pronoun) ʣΤ褦ʿ񤤤򸫤ϤޤνĤؤƤΤ̤ζ̤ʤ˽νĤΤߤνĤФƤȤ褦ˤʤޤĤޤꡤguys Ūʴްդ򼺤ñˡֿ͡ (people) ۤɤΰ̣礤ˤޤǴΤǤ
ơѲϺʳؿʤߤĤĤ褦˸ޤyou guys Ȥɽˤơguys ʬϸŪʰ̣ۤȤɼyou ʣǤ뤳Ȥ򼨤ʸˡŪʥޡʤʣ -s ˶ᤤǽô褦ˤʤäƤΤǤϤʤȤΩƤǤ⤷β᤬Сguy ϸͭ̾줫̾ءƤˤʸˡŪʵǽķǤؤѲ롤ʸˡ (grammaticalisation) βˤ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ
Ѹˤˤơ2;̾ thou ye ζ̤ you ˰ܲƤȤ礭Ѳиޤñʣζ̤ʤΤؤʤᡤǤ you guysy'allyouse ʤɡ͡ʷʣɸ빩פޤƤޤǤͭϸ you guys Ⱦʬޤ Guy Fawkes Ȥ̾ͳ褹ȤϡѲΥʥߥ򴶤ˤϤޤ
̾̾첽 (eponym) Ͼʤޤ󤬡ʸˡƻ϶ˤȤǤ礦guy κα̿ܤΥޤ
Ϣ hellog Ȥơ#1767. ͭ̾좪̾좪;̾ΰѲƤ guy ([2014-02-27-1])#5977. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤5guy --- ̾饫եʰ̣Ѳ뤲פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-09-07-1]) ⤴Ȥ
ʤߤΤۤ Fawkes θ츻ϡرѸͭ̾츻ŵ٤ˤСŹϥɥĸ Falco "falcon" ͳ褷ťե󥹸 Faukes ͳѸäƤΤǤ

ˡرѸͭ̾츻ŵ١ҡ2011ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2025-09-11-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2025-09-07 Sun

#5977. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤5guy --- ̾饫եʰ̣Ѳ뤲פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ [asacul][mindmap][notice][kdee][hee][etymology][hel_education][link][personal_pronoun][eponym][grammaticalisation][semantic_change]

823ڡˤˡǯ٤ī㡼󥿡Υ꡼ֺ˾äȤԻ׵Ĥʱñ5ʲƴȤƤ2ˤȤʤguy --- ̾饫եʰ̣Ѳ뤲פɶˤƳ֤ޤ
ֺ¤ȴϢơ Voicy heldio ˤ#1539. 823īֺ --- guy ̣臘Ѹˡۿޤ
5ֺ¤Ƥ markmap ˤޥɥޥåײޤʲ򥯥åƳˡѤˤȤ


lib/asacul_most_attractive_words_in_hel_05_20250823_mindmap_large.png



ʤīֺ¤Υ꡼1󤫤3ˤĤƤޥɥޥåפƤޤ

#5857. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤1she --- 츻䤨ʤ̾פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-05-10-1])
#5887. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤2through --- ޤ¿ֻͤĸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-06-09-1])
#5915. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤3autumn --- ³ƤפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-07-07-1])
#5949. 2025ǯ٤ī륷꡼ֺ¤4but --- Ĥ¿³פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-08-10-1])

꡼μ6ϡ927ڡˤˡEnglish --- ƤñɤޤǤ⿼ꤹפꤷƳ֤ޤؿΤϡī㡼󥿡ɶθHPܺ٤򤴳ǧξ塤ߤС

[ | ѥڡ ]

2025-08-18 Mon

#5957. 823ڡˡīֺ¤βƴ2guy --- ̾饫եʰ̣Ѳ뤲פ֤ޤ [asacul][notice][personal_pronoun][eponym][grammaticalisation][semantic_change][kdee][etymology][hel_education][helkatsu]


asacul_20250726.png



ī㡼󥿡ɶǤαѸ˹ֺ¤³ƤޤΥڡǿʹΤΥ꡼Ǥϡ˾äȤԻ׵ĤʱñȤơޤǤƤޤˤθߤ򴶤ä줺Ĥạ̈襤رѸ츻ŵʸҡοǤ꤬ˡդ⤿餹äȯäƤޤ
٤823ιֺ¤ϲƴ2ܤޤޤ츫ʿޤ guy Ȥ˾ʤꡤξñ줬ɤäƤŪʰ̣εפ򤿤ɤ뤳ȤäϤޤή줫;̾ (personal_pronoun) ꡤʸˡ (grammaticalisation) ꡤƸͭ̾ͳ褹eponymλޤǡϼߤ˹äƤޤ1ñ줫鸫ƤѸˤΥʥߥȸѲ̯̣¸ʬˤڤߤ
ˡϿɶǤľܼ֡饤󻲲äΤ줫Ӥޤ2֤θƨۿӥ⤴ѰդƤޤΤԹΤ褤ˡǤä߾ܺ٤īڡǤǧޤ
ʤιֺ¤θɤˤĤƤ heldio #1539. 823īֺ --- guy ̣臘ѸˡȤƤäƤޤ⤢碌ƤİйǤ



߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2024-12-06 Fri

#5702. űѸñΰ̣Ѳ [oe][semantic_change][christianity][latin][metaphor][semantic_borrowing][contact]

θˤƤ⡤ạ̈Ѳ (semantic_change) ϤƤդ줿פθѲǤꡤ˵äƤ롥ΤȤϡ#1955. ̣ѲΰŪ ([2014-09-03-1]) Ǥ̤Ǥ롥űѸñˤ⡤¿ΰ̣ѲäƤȤ
󤢤äǤűѸñΰ̣ѲʸŪʸڤǤ뤫ɤǤ롥⤽űѸθ¸Ͼʤᡤñΰ̣ѲűѸ˵äΤɤΤΤ˽ʬʾʤȤ¿ޤ̣ѲΤ˵äȸ뤿ˤϡѲѲθγơνŵȤʤƥȤŪ夷Ƥ뤳ȤθǤʤФʤʤˤϥƥǯǯᤰ꤬ĤޤȤ
Τ褦ʻǸűѸñΰ̣ѲˤϺΤǤ⤢ٸ뤳ȤϤ롥󥰥ŵ "semantic change" ι (p. 415) ϢսѤ롥

One area of vocabulary in which semantic change clearly took place during the Old English period is religious terminology. God 'God', heofon 'heaven', and helle 'hell', for example, necessarily adopted new meanings when they were applied to Christian rather than pagan concepts. Semantic change can also take the form of the development of a metaphorical meaning. In Old English this sometimes took place under the influence of Latin. Examples include tunge 'tongue', which was extended to mean 'language', possibly modelled on Latin lingua, and wit(e)ga 'wise man', used for 'prophet', perhaps influenced by Latin propheta. After the establishment of the Danelaw, OE terms also underwent semantic development under the influence of their Old Norse cognates. Modern English bloom 'flower' takes its form from either Old English bloma 'ingot of iron' or Old Norse blom 'flower', but its sense is clearly from Old Norse. In Old English, plog (ModE plough) was used for the measure of land which a yoke of oxen could plough in a day; its use with reference to an agricultural implement developed under the influence of Old Norse plogr. Similarly, Old English eorl 'man, warrior' (ModE earl) developed the sense 'chief, ruler of a shire' under the influence of Old Norse jarl.


ƥΥꥹȶѸαƶˤ̣ѲťΥɸбαƶˤ̣Ѳ夲Ƥ뤬˸ؤǤ̣ (semantic_borrowing) ȤƸڤ뤳Ȥ¿פΤΤǤ롥¾ˤñΰ̣ʬäƤꡤĸܿλʤɤǤСΤ褦ʰ̣ѲεǽˤʤȤȤ˸ؤʸؤˡΥȥԥåȤƤ⤪⤷

Lapidge, Michael, John Blair, Simon Keynes, and Donald Scragg, eds. The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1999.

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2024-11-05 Tue

#5671. ˡưμѲ [auxiliary_verb][subjectification][semantic_change]

Ѹˡư (auxiliary_verb) ˤ̤Ƥޤޤʰ̣ѲФƤȤϡ褯ΤƤ롥Ȥ櫓Ụ̄ǧỤ̄δطȤ뤳Ȥ¿hellog Ǥ#4564. ˡưκỤ̄ǧỤ̄ ([2021-10-25-1]) #4567. ˡưκỤ̄ǧỤ̄Ʊ路Ƥͳ ([2021-10-28-1]) Ǽ夲Ƥ
Ụ̄ǧỤ̄ؤѲϡѲ (subjectification) λȤƵ󤲤뤳Ȥ롥߷ (131--32) Ѥ롥

ˡư must ˤϡJohn must be back by ten ҥ10ޤǤˤɤʤФʤʤӤΤ褦ˡҵ̳Ӥɽ魯ˡȡThe old man must have a lot of money ҤϷͤϤ򤿤äƤ˰㤤ʤӤΤ褦ˡŪɬӤɽ魯ˡ롥ԤǤϡmust ʸμǤ John ι԰٤ˤĤơ줬̳ŤƤ뤳ȤҤ٤Ƥ롥ԤϡҤϷͤ򤿤äƤʤФʤʤӤȤȤ̣ƤΤǤϤʤҤϷͤϴְ㤤ʤ򤿤äƤӤȤäοȽǤɽ路Ƥ롥äοȽǤޤޤʤҴŪˡȡޤŪˡϡ줾캬 (root) ˡǧ (epistemic) ˡȸƤФ롥¾ˡưˤ⤳ĤˡϤߤ롥may ϡYou may borrow his bicycle μž֤ڤƤ褤ӤΤ褦ʡҵġӤɽ魯ˡȡYou may be right Ҥʤ⤷ʤӤȤääοޤߡҲǽӤ̣ˡ롥can ˤĤƤ⡤I cannot solve the problem Ҥ򤯤ȤǤʤӤˤ褦ˡǽϡˤɽ魯ˡȡThe story cannot be true ҤäǤϤʤӤΤ褦äṲ̄ɽ魯Ūˡ롥ˡưŪĴ٤Ƥߤȡ̣ȤˡˡưˤƤäοȽǤɽ魯ŪˡҴŪˡˤʤäȯãƤ롥Τ褦ˡäμŪʿȽǤΰ̣Τʤ˼ޤƤѲ (subjectification) Ȥ


̣ѲˤѲκѤϡˡưΤ褦ʵǽΤߤʤ餺̤Ƹˤѻ롥ȤСΰѤθǤϡhopefully ΰִ̣˾äơפʸȤƤΡִ勞ϡפžѲΥȤƵ󤲤Ƥ롥

߷ ⡡7ϡ̣ѲסرѸΰ̣١Ӿ ɧԡˡ罤ۡ1996ǯ113--34.

Referrer (Inside): [2025-01-01-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2024-02-22 Thu

#5414. dungeon ʸˤȸ츻 [doublet][etymology][semantic_change][literature][french][latin][voicy][heldio]

NewsPicks ܹΩ̿ءˤϢܤƤRPGΤΤˡκǿƤޤ֥󥸥ȡҥåӤؤ---ͥȥͥǡǤ


֥󥸥ȡҥåӤؤ---ͥȥͥ



RPG ˤϡ֥󥸥 (dungeon) ζϤޤʤΤǤϤʤǤ礦ΰ̣ϡϲϴסƶססʤ RPG ˤϥ󥸥դΤʤΡåޥ󥹤ȤδطϡΤ褦䤤ƤʸˡʸػˤεǤ
ǤڤƤޤñ dungeon ϸťե󥹸 donjon ѤΤǤ1300ǯˡťե󥹸Ǥθϡּ緯פۤɤǤ줬ϴȤѤ줿طʤ顤ϴסȤ櫓ϲϴפΰ̣ȯãޤˤ RPG Ūʡ̤Τʤ֡סʾ嵭򻲾ȡˤȤˤޤȯŸƤޤʸỤ̄臘٤̣Ѳ (semantic_change) ιǤ͡
ơťե󥹸 donjon ϡ̤ƥ dominiōnem ˹Ԥ夭ϸŵƥ dominium бޤַϰ̡ϡפ̣ޤΥƥñ줬ľܱѸ˼ޤ줿Τ dominion ڡ۸פǤĤޤꡤdungeon dominion 2Ÿ (doublet) ȤȤˤʤޤ
Ϣϡʲ hellog heldio ΥƥĤǼ夲ƤޤΤǡҤɤ

hellog #3899. ƥ domus ʲȡˤθ캬ͥåȥ ([2019-12-30-1])
hellog #3898. danger, dangerous ΰ̣Ѳ ([2019-12-29-1])
heldio #118. danger ΤȤȤΰ̣ϡָϡס
heldio #273. ֻ۸ ΤäƤ danger θ
hellog #1953. Stern ˤ̣Ѳ7ʬ (2) ([2014-09-01-1])

Referrer (Inside): [2025-01-01-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2024-02-18 Sun

#5410. A Dictionary of Japanese Loanwords --- Ѹäܸñμ [review][loan_word][japanese][lexicography][lexicology][false_friend][semantic_change][oed][dictionary]


Toshie M. Evans, ed. ''A Dictionary of Japanese Loanwords''. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1997.



įƤǤ⤷褷˰ʤξҲǤToshie M. Evans ˤԽ줿ѸäܸñϿ뼭 A Dictionary of Japanese Loanwords Ǥ1997ǯ˽ǤƤޤ hellog Ǥ#142. Ѹ˼Ѥ줿ܸʬۡ ([2009-09-16-1]) ǻȤ̤Ǥ820ܸͳΡֱñפȥ꡼Ƥޤñ˸Ф줬󤵤ƤǤʤ¿θˤϡ1964ǯ1995ǯδ֤˥ꥫǽǤ줿줿ʸդƤꡤؤ󵮽ŤǤ
ʷϵΤäƤˡֲȭפ hibachi Υȥ꡼Ƥߤޤ礦

hibachi [hibɑːtʃi] n. pl. -chi or s, 1. a brazier used indoors for burning charcoal as a source of heat.
In an old-style shop, the selling activity took place in a front room on a tatami (straw mat) platform about one foot above the ground level. Customers removed their shoes, warmed themselves by sitting on the floor next to a hibachi (earthen container with glowing embers) and were served tea and sweets. (Places, Summer 1992, p. 81)
2. a portable brazier with a grill, used for outdoor cooking.
Double stamped steel hibachi, lightweight & portable. Goes with you to the backyard or even the beach for tasty cookouts? (Los Angeles Times, Jul. 7, 1985, Part I, p. 13, advertisement)
[< hibachi < hi fire + bachi < hachi pot] 1874: hebachi 1863 (OED)


1ܤΡֲȭפΤΤʤΤǤ2Ρ֥С٥塼פˤϤޤƤޤޤ͡θȤΰ̣ѲˤĤƤϡ#4386. ֲȭפ hibachi, ڡפ senpai ([2021-04-30-1]) ǤⰷäƤΤǡȤ
ܸ줫ѸäѸ˴ؿΤϡҰʲεɤ

#126. 7ˤѸؤαƶӡ ([2009-08-31-1])
#45. ѸäˤޤĤ͡ ([2009-06-12-1])
#2165. 20ȾμѸ쥽 ([2015-04-01-1])
#3872. Ѹ˼Ѥ줿ܸμǯ ([2019-12-03-1])
#4140. Ѹ˼Ѥ줿ܸΡ֤ġפȡ֤ɤΤ餤ס ([2020-08-27-1])
#5055. Ѹˤˤܿ --- 8+3ˡ ([2023-02-28-1])
#5147. ֤إ饸׽б3 --- إ˥¼ŵ6Ǥɤǿ줿 ([2023-05-31-1])

Toshie M. Evans, ed. A Dictionary of Japanese Loanwords. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1997.

Referrer (Inside): [2025-01-01-1] [2024-02-26-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2024-02-04 Sun

#5396. ե󥹸ȥƥ줫̤θüѤϱѸβɤѤ [lexicology][french][latin][loan_word][word_formation][lexical_stratification][contact][semantic_change][derivation]

Ѹûˤˤƥե󥹸ƥαƶǤ뤳Ȥϡޤ˿ƾҲ𤷤ƤȤäƤѤ줿ñοñ̤˵ڤӡ礭̤αƶˤȤɤޤʤ絬ϼѤη̤ȤơѸäμ⡤ѸʹߤˡѲμŪѲˤĤơDurkin (224) פ3ŦƤ롥

The derivational morphology of English was (eventually) completely transformed by the accommodation of whole word families of related words from French and Latin, and by the analogous expansion of other word families within English exploiting the same French and Latin derivational affixes (especially suffixes).
Not only was a good deal of native vocabulary simply lost, but many other existing words showed meaning changes (especially narrowing) as semantic fields were reshaped following the adoption of new words from French and Latin.
The massive borrowing of less basic vocabulary, especially in a whole range of technical areas, led to extensive and enduring layering or stratification in the lexis of English, and also to a high degree of dissociation in many semantic fields (e.g. the usual adjective corresponding in meaning to hand is the etymologically unrelated manual)


1ܤϡñβ² (word family) (word_formation) ΤΤαѸŪʤΤե󥹡ƥŪʤΤؤäȤ˿Ƥ롥2ܤϡ줬ˤʤäꡤ̣Ѳ (semantic_change) ФꤷΤ¿¤ŦƤ롥3ܤϡŪ٤ι⤤äؤդäꡤó (lexical_stratification) Ȥ˴ط롥
ñ㲽ɤǼС(1) Ѽ(2) ̣Ѳ(3) óؤȯȤäȤ餬ե󥹸졦ƥ줫̼ѤαѸû˾μŪյǤ롥

Durkin, Philip. Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English. Oxford: OUP, 2014.

Referrer (Inside): [2025-01-01-1]

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2024-01-26 Fri

#5387. methinks ΤɤäѲʸˡǤ⤢뤷òǤ⤢ [lexicalisation][grammaticalisation][methinks][semantic_change][subjectivication][intersubjectivication]

2֤εạ̇̄񤤤򼨤 methinks 夲Ƥʡ#5385. methinks ˤޤĤ̯ʸ򤤤ĤҲ ([2024-01-24-1]) ӡ#5386. Ѹ˾夭˳ʤ3ñ -s ([2024-01-25-1]
Wischer ϡμŪɽˤĴ줬ФƤѲʸˡ (grammaticalisation) ¦̤ĤȤȤˡò (lexicalisation) ¦̤ѲǤ㤨Сmethinks ˡʴ֡˼Ụ̄ȯ̿Ụ̄ξüȤǤʸˡλȹͤ뤷ǵ̳ηǡȤǤϤषŪ򼨤Ƥꡤò1Ȥͤ롥Wischer (365) ꡤʸηѤ롥

   Methinks passed through a syntactic lexicalization process which was not accompanied by an addition of a specific semantic component, but rather by an opposite semantic change: Impersonal think has no longer a meaning of its own. It cannot combine with other persons any more (*himthinks, *us thought ...). So, methinks has lost its original propositional meaning denoting an act of cognition and has acquired an exclusively speaker-oriented, or interpersonal, meaning. This change can be regarded as an increase in subjectivity. Thus it operates as a marker of evidentiality, and as such it has become a member of a relatively closed class. Although we can notice an increase in frequency in Early Modern English, methinks never becomes obligatory, but always stands in free variation with expressions like I think, it seems to me, obviously etc. Grammatical elements of this kind are less constrained and therefore situated at the periphery of grammar.
   And this must also be the reason for the relatively shortlasting existence of methinks. Linguistic elements, once they are grammaticalized, normally have a rather stable position in the language, whereas lexical units are less constrained, more flexible and pass out of existence more easily.


ʸˡȸòȤ2ĤβϡɬȿΤǤϤʤ줾˽Ťʤ礦Ȥ⤢СۤʤȤ⤢롤Τ褦ʴطȤȤˤʤ롥methinks ο뤲ѲʣǤꡤ1ĤβȤΤ񤷤

Wischer, Ilse. "Grammaticalization versus Lexicalization: 'Methinks' there is some confusion." Pathways of Change: Grammaticalization in English. Ed. Olga Fischer, Anette Rosenbach, and Dieter Stein. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2000. 355--70.

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2023-08-25 Fri

#5233. ָդν --- ؽػŵ٤ [religion][semantics][semantic_change][polysemy][register][kotodama]

#5230. ֽθա --- ؽػŵ٤ ([2023-08-22-1]) ǰѤؽػŵ٤μʬˡ2žָդνפȤФǤƤʸϤ (347--38)

դν¾ηŪȤƼƤİ뷼---νˤۤܽŤʤ---ǤϡդļԤ˼Ƥ졤䤬ơŵŵפԻ롥ϲŪ줿ǤꡤڤβȽǤδब˵ʾ塤˸ɵϤꤨʤ줬ŵ̱Ĥκܤˤ롥䶵ꥹȶ顼ʤɤΰˤơŵ̵ɵμĥŪ˱뤬ҥɥʤɤ¿Ǥ⡤ŵФưפ˴ѻǤ롥ŵФʪҤŵޤھϡդνܼŪ¢ƤΤǤ롥
ޤĶŪҤθաʿθʩʤɡˤ줿ŵŪޤΤߤʤ餺˽񤫤줿ŪͤӤӤƤȤߤʤ뤳Ȥ⤢롥Τ褦츻Ȥʤäơ¾ΰڤβʬȤߤʤ硤դ켫ΤʲơǽŪˤϸդʪ߽ФǤȼĥ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥ʤդʪιǤȸָ챧פǤ롥츫ȡϿܤ줿̤ȯã椨ѤۤʸѤȼǽ⤤ΤǤ롥


Ǹ˽ФƤָ챧פȤʸѤˤĤơ֤򤪤ƼΤ褦ʸϤ³ (348)

ְջãפ˾ʤ¤ꡤƯϡ①ɽС②ʤ③ؼ④ˤ롥ϡ①ï②ïˡ③ΤˤĤơ④ȤפȤͻ蹽¤Ȥߤǹͻ뤳ȤǤ¤ϡְջãפۤˤѤǧȤߤˤϼޤڤʤۼʸδҤθ챧ˤϴޤޤƤ롥Ĥޤꡤˤϸμ׵ǽְջãפǤϤʤֱ¤פª褦ʸѤƤǤΤǤ롥


ָ챧פϡؤǤϼ갷뤳ȤΤʤѤǤϤ뤬1ĤθѤǤϤ롥

ѵӾ 氣 ҡ ʡᲬ ͺԡˡؽػŵ١ҡ2010ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-10-27-1] [2023-09-12-1]

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2023-08-22 Tue

#5230. ֽθա --- ؽػŵ٤ [religion][semantics][semantic_change][polysemy][register][kotodama]

#5221. ֵפȤϲ (2) ([2023-08-13-1]) ǿ줿ؽػŵ٤ѥѥɤ³Ƥ롥ָաפιܲˡֽθա (346--47) ȤФζ̣⤬äϲɤۤʤäƤΤ

θξˤա뤤ϤǻѤդΤϡ̤ˡֽפȸƤФƤ롥㤨Сֿΰפʩڡפ硤οΡְפʩֹڡפϡäṆ̀礤Ȥϼۤˤʹ֤γǰŪİĶ򼨤ΤǤ롥äȤƤƱǤ⡤줬ξ˸ȡ˰ۼΰ̣ӤӤΤǤ롥Τ褦ˡή̤Ƥ̣ǤȤ䤷ĶŪؤƯˤϤ롥
ξȤϡŪˤϡиΩǤꡤޤ㫤ԤǤ롥ǤϡФФȤʤ׵⡤ȿ鸫СФФȤʤ׵⤬Ƥ롥ĶŪۤդȤƸȤθʩʩ⤤ʩŵˤȤƼƤ뤬θդǻѤդƱηϤ°ΤǤ롥ʤСθʩϡȤ򤵤줨ʤĤޤꡤξǤϡФФȤʤ븽ݤȤơޤθաСˤ֤ΤǤ롥ĶŪ줿ꡤĶŪؼꤹۤɤˡդ뤲ΤǤ롥ξǤϡ餫λǡή줬ǤڤĶŪȤ˸줫ƤȤǤαư롥Ρ狼ĶæФȤˢؤפȤŤαưи佡ʤƤ롥
ȤǡաĤޤ꽡ˤϤĤμ꤬ޤޤƤꤵ롥ĶŪۤ줿ŪϡľѡħǰηİΤ̤Ǥ롥椨줬Ԥ༡ϡ¦Ǥǧ֤Ȥ򤹤뤳ȤǤ롥Ȥʪáʩˤˡˡʩ⤽ΤΡʤ켡νˤϡޤľŪ˴졤äߺѤμСǧƤ椯ǡĹ修θա󼡤νˤĽĤ˶ͭ졤ħŪʰվŻäƵ˼ޤ롥ơǰŪϣФʤŵŵԻ졤ĤˤϿءؤʤɳŪʿηŪĤθա軰νˤФ롥
ξˤƽ줬ȯȤȤˡդ˽ˤäƽξ줽켫Τ졤Ū̿ϤǺƹȤ¦̤롥Ȥ櫓θդۤθդϡܼŪǤŽ̤줿ΤȤ롥̽ۤˤΤϡռβ漹Ū˲Τ̵ȤʤꡤФμƩȤ֤Ǥ롥εꡤǥʥեξ̾ˡǰʩܡޥȥʿˡ˻졤ʤɤε̽ۤ귿ϡ褯ΤƤ롥μ귿Τ뤳ȤϡΤĤɡ狼ĶæʢФȤˢؤפüŪ˼¸뤳Ȥ¾ʤʤ衤硦θ֤Ū˽Ż뤵졤ŪˡΰĤȤȤ߹ޤƤʤǤ롥


ȵ䤬ͯƤξˤƤϡְפֹڡפΰ̣ѤȤȤϲ̤ự (semantics) ιͻоݤˤʤΤȽδ֤ˡ¿ (polysemy) ̣Ѳ (semantic_change) ƤȹͤƤ褤ΤʤɤǤϡŪʸ˴ؤơڽʳءˡۤڥꥹȶۤʤɤΥ졼٥뤬ղä뤳Ȥ⤢顤쥸ȤƤȤ館ƤΤ
ΰѤǤϡּ¦Ǥǧ֤פȤɽѤƤ롥¦ǰ̣¤򤷤ꤷƤΤȤС̣ѲѰۤμΤᤰȤؤäƤˤĤƤϡ#1936. ʹΤѲ ([2014-08-15-1]) ʤɤ򻲾ȡ
θˤĤƤϡ#3908. ֵפȤϲ ([2020-01-08-1]) ȡ#5221. ֵפȤϲ (2) ([2023-08-13-1]) ⻲ȡ#753. ʤθϸŤᤫ ([2011-05-20-1]) طƤ

ѵӾ 氣 ҡ ʡᲬ ͺԡˡؽػŵ١ҡ2010ǯ

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2023-07-01 Sat

#5178. ̾ŪѲ2ĤΥ [lexicology][semantic_change][homonymic_clash][semantics][synonym][semiotics][onomasiology]

ε#5177. (semasiology) ̾ (onomasiology) ([2023-06-30-1]) Ǽ夲褦ˡ̣Ѳ (semantic_change or semasiological change) ȤȤ˰뤳Ȥ¿Τ˶̤٤Ȥ̾ŪѲ (onomasiological change) ȤΤ롥
Traugott and Dasher (52--53) ϡ̾ŪѲ ("onomasiological changes") ˤĤơBréal ε򻲾Ȥǡ2ĤΥפ󤲤Ƥ롥

(i) Specialization: one element "becomes the pre-eminent exponent of the grammatical conception of which it bears the stamp" . . . , for example, the selection of que as the sole complementizer in French . . . .
(ii) Differentiation: two elements which are (near-)synonymous diverge. Paradigm examples include, in English, (a) the specialization, e.g. of hound when dog was borrowed from Scandinavian, and (b) loss of a form when sound change leads to "homonymic clash," e.g. ME let in the sense "prohibit" from OE lett- was lost after OE lætan "allow" also developed into ME let . . . .


Bréal ˤС̾ŪѲϡ̣ѲǤʤФ꤫ñ̾ѲȤ櫓Ǥʤ"the proper subject of the 'science of significations'" (95) ȤȤ餷
ľˤȡBréal ϹäƤ򤷤ˤ

Traugott, Elizabeth C. and Richard B. Dasher. Regularity in Semantic Change. Cambridge: CUP, 2005.
Bréal, Michel. Semantics: Studies in the Science of Meaning. Trans. Mrs. Henry Cust. New York: Dover, 1964. 1900.

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2023-06-30 Fri

#5177. (semasiology) ̾ (onomasiology) [lexicology][semantic_change][semantics][semiotics][onomasiology][terminology]

ΰ̣Ѳ (semantic_change) ݤˡ (semasiology) ̾ (onomasiology) ʬƹͤɬפ롥 (155) Ѥ롥

ΰ̣ѲͤäƤϡ (semasiology) ̾ (onomasiology) ̤Ƥ̣ȯηӤĤȹͤȤȯ̾ˤꤷƤȯ˷ӤḤ̂ѲƤͼŪѲȸƤ̣֡ꤷƤΰ̣˷ӤĤ̾ѲƤͼ̾ŪѲȸƤ֡ΰ̣Ѳ򡤵ˤӤĤѲȤƹªʤСŪѲΤߤʤ餺̾ŪѲθƤ褤


פˡ̾ΰ̣Ѳ̾̾Ѳ򤷤ƤФ褤#3283. ˸ءīоȸإ꡼ȯŸԡϤǤޤ ([2018-04-23-1]) 򻲾ȡ

historical_linguistics_front_cover.jpg


δ졡8ϡ̣ѲѲס˸ءīоȸإ꡼ȯŸԡ3 ԡˡīҽŹ2018ǯ151--69ǡ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-07-01-1]

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