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doublet - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2026-02-09 Mon

#6132. sorami ΡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٥2 --- ΤαѸ [note][hee][helkatsu][hel_education][quiz][helwa][doublet][political_correctness]


soramisan_note_quiz_20260207.png



轵ηΡ#6125. heldio/helwa ꥹʡ sorami ˤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤Υ꡼ --- ΤαѸˡ ([2026-02-02-1]) ˰³򤷤Τ餻Ǥsorami 󤬡رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åʸҡˤ١ˤ note 2ƤޤּȤǻȤ!Ѹ츻Ǥ
饤ʥåפ¤Ƥޤʸ God be with ye! ޤ줿ɽ䡤history Фʤ2Ÿ (doublet) ʤɡѸˤ֤ǤꡤijؽԤΡ֤ʤפľDZɼ꤬·äƤޤ
Ĥ󤴡⡤̤ʸͤǤ͡Ūؤۤ礫ޤSNS Ǥʤߤ lol 䡤ݥƥ롦쥯ȥͥ (political_correctness) ʸ̮Ǹ뿦̾ʤɡѸȤظˤŪҲŪѲ˳ؤ٤륯Υ饤ʥåפˤʤäƤޤ
sorami ϡ⵭ηӤǡּȤξͥॢåפʤɤ˼ͳ˻ȤäƤйǤפȽҤ٤ƤޤαѸ춵γ󡤤ҤλѤƤߤƤȤƬ㤨 God be with ye! ξͥźǡ̤ñФ㺹ѤΤǤϤʤǤ礦
ֱѸˤδ֤ˡפʤֱ̡Ѹˤ򶵼ˡסư̤ơѸŪʻäƤȤäƤޤsorami 3ƤԤƤޤ

߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2026-04-05-1] [2026-03-15-1]

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2025-04-19 Sat

#5836. ֤إ饸פΥå1900 --- matter count ֽפǤפ̣ưǤΤ̯ʷ [yurugengogakuradio][youtube][doublet][verb][adjective][pos][category][notice]



ۿ줿֤إ饸κǿϡפ֤Ρ֥å1900ɤפǤȥright ϤʤֱפָפɽΤǤ郎ޤơβδƽ̳ᤵƤޤʿ󡤺⤪꤬Ȥޤˡ
Ĥαñ줬줿ΤǤܤΤ matter count Ȥñ줬ֽפǤפ̣ưȤѤƤǤưǿŦƤޤäʤޤֽפǤפǤСbe important Τ褦˷ƻѤΤդ路褦˴뤫ǤʤưʤΤȤ䤬ޤ
2Ĥư̡˹ͤޤ礦ޤ matter ʤֽפǤפȤ̣ưˤʤΤǤ礦󤬾Ҳ𤵤Ƥ褦 matter ̾ȤƤδŪʰ̣ϡʪפǤϡȤͤޤäƤΡǤϤʤΡդȻפޤä꽼ŶƤ륤᡼ȤΤסּ¼ŪʡסͭյʡסֽפǤפʤɤθȹͤޤ
⤦1ĤΡֽפǤפ̣ư count ϤɤǤ礦ưǾҲ𤵤Ƥޤcount 1ϡֿפǤܸ͡Ǥ֤ΤοʤפȤѶ礬ޤդˡֿ롨פΤϡֽפǤפȤͤޤѸǶ̤ȯۤΤ⤷Ǥ͡
ʤߤ count ϥƥ computāre ե󥹸ˤޤäͳ褷ޤ computāre ϡƬ com- ʶˡˡˤ putāre ʹͤˤꡤŰŪ˹ͤסֹθפȤạ̈礤Фơֿסַ׻פȤ̣ȯŸƤäȹͤޤơΥƥ computāre ľܤ˱Ѹ compute ȤƤѤƤޤĤޤꡤcount compute Ʊ츻2Ÿ (doublet) δطȤʤޤ
ơmatter count ֽפǤפ̣褦ˡǤзƻɽƤ٤ȤǡưȤɽƤ¾ˤ⤢ޤ㤨 cost Ѥˤ resemble ʻƤˤʤɤ⡤ưȤϾ֡˶ᤤ̣礤ӤӤƤꡤľŪˤ be worth be like Τ褦˷ƻѤɽ魯Τդ路ȵ뤫⤷ޤ
դ⤢ޤʻȤƤϷƻǤʤ⡤Ūʰ̣礤ĶơưŪʥ˥奢󥹤ӤӤΤޤactive ʳưŪʡˤȤƻϡ֡ɽ路Ƥ褦ˤפޤưäƤưŪʥ᡼򴭵Τ¤Ǥꡤʤ̣ŪˤϽʬưŪȤȤǤΤǤޤưθʬʬ줫ƻ졤㤨 interesting, surprised ʤɤϡȤưʤ櫓Ǥ顤ʬưŪʴޤߤݻƤΤ̵̤ȤʤΤǤ
Τ褦˸ƤȡưȷƻȤʻʬϳΤ¸ߤΤΡΰ̣ŪʶܤΤ˻Ŧ뤳Ȥ񤷤Ȥ狼ޤξʻϡ̣ŪˤϤषϢ³ΤǤĤʤäƤȸʤΤդ路褦˻פޤˤĤƤϡ#3533. ̾ -- ƻ -- ưϢ³Ʋ ([2018-12-29-1]) ε⻲ͤˤʤǤ礦
Τإ饸֥å1900ɤǤϡƽ˴ؤ餻Ƥʤ顤matter count ȤäŵŪưˤĤƹͤľ뤳ȤǤٶˤʤޤˤʤäƤʤϡҥåƤߤƤ
פС䤬ơ֤إ饸פ˴ؤ餻Ƥä1Ĥ֥å1900ɤפǤ#5196. ֤إ饸׽б4 --- رñ쥿åȡ٤ñ츻 ([2023-07-19-1]) Ǥϡvid ʸˤȤƥ캬Τߤͥ1ֶ᤯ä³ȤѤʲϿΤǤ⤼ҤС
matter count ᤰϡ heldio ۿ#1418. ֤إ饸פΥå1900ɤ --- right ϤʤֱפָפɽΤǤܤޤܵˤʤȻפޤΤǡҤ⤪İ


Referrer (Inside): [2026-01-01-1]

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2025-03-17 Mon

#5803. corpse, corse, corpus, corps [doublet][latin][french][loan_word][lexicology][lexicography][spelling_pronunciation_gap][etymological_respelling][synonym][kdee][helmate][helkatsu][voicy][heldio]

ɸ4ϡƥǡΡפ̣ corpus ̤ñǤ롥#4096. 3Ÿ졤4Ÿ졤5Ÿ򤤤Ĥ ([2020-07-14-1]) Ǥ夲Ʋ4Ÿ (quadruplet) λ
corpus /ˈkɔɚpəs/ ʽˤϡѸľܥƥ줫äƤǡǤŪʥ쥸ȤѤΤ̤Ǥ롥
corpse /kɔɚps/ ʻΡˡӤθŷȤƻĤäƤ corse /kɔɚs/ ϡƥ corpus ե󥹸ͳĤѷƱѸäƤñե󥹸Ǥ cors Τ褦ֻ <p> æƤƥ򻲾Ȥ <p> 褷ѸǤ⡤θ츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling) θƱͤ˺Ѥ<p> ä줿<p> Τʤ¹Ԥ³
corps /kɔɚ/ ʣƱֻȯ /kɔɚz/ˡʷˤ "a body of troops" ۤɤθǡե󥹸줫ѸäƤñǤ롥ֻ˴ؤ¤ꡤ嵭 corpse ΰ۷ȤäƤ褤
<p> ֤뤫ݤ/p/ ȯ뤫ݤ /s/ ȯ뤫ݤʤɡ4δطʣн褹ˤϡơñֻȯǯ塤ƻǤˡ٤μºݤðǰĴɬפޤ줾αñȤƤθ (word-lore) 餫ˤˤȤɤޤ餺ѸǤƥե󥹸ˤĤƤθɬפ롥ä˥ե󥹸ˤĤƤϥե󥹸¦ǤȯֻδطӤѲѰۤ⻲Ȥ뤳Ȥ롥
ܼŪ䤦ʤС4ϡѸѸüԤƬǤϡ⤽ۤʤ4ȤǧƤΤλ䤿ϡֻۤʤм̡Ωह롤ȤԻλ뤷Ƥ뤬μ֤򤷤褦ȤˤäơλळȤǤϤʤ⤷ʤ
䤬ͯƤ롥ˤ衤˹äǤ뤳Ȥϴְ㤤ʤ
εϡإᥤȤˤ2hel襳ƥĤ˥󥹥ԥ졼رѸ츻ŵ٤ OED 򻲾ȤĤļɮ

lacolaco ֱѸ츻ŵɥΡȡפǿǼ夲Ƥ corporate, corpse, corpus ˴ؤͻ
嵭 lacolaco εari ˤĤ Deep Research Ѥλ򤫤ͤƹͻ note #224ڿcorsϤɤѲChatGPTĴ٤Ƥ餦

伫Ȥ⡤ heldio ۿ#1385. corpus data ᤰ --- ѥǡˤĤƸǤϤޤ lacolaco ε corpus ˤĤƼ夲Ƥ롥ҤİС


Referrer (Inside): [2026-01-01-1]

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2025-01-28 Tue

#5755. divers vs diverse Johnson μǤ̸Ф [johnson][adjective][pronoun][variant][doublet][note][wod][ari][bible]

ε#5754. divers vs diverse ([2025-01-27-1]) ³ԡεɮ塤إᥤȤ ari ˤhel note #177 WD۵פ֤αѸ켭ΡֺΤȤСסɤΤäΤdivers Ȥñ줬124 Merriam-Webster: Word of the DayǼ夲ƤȤΤȡ


wod_divers_20250124.png



divers diverse ˤĤơ1755ǯ Johnson μƤߤΰʸǼƤ̤ꡤơθ줬Τ̡ΩवƤ롥Ǻܤ褦




Johnson εҤ顤ΥڥñˤĤƵˤʤä󤹤롥

diverse Τۤ divers ȤȤ˶1ˤäʤǤξˤϤβˤ⶯ޥʡȯʹ
̣ΰ㤤 divers "more than one" ǡdiverse "different" ñ
Ǥ divers ϻȤʤʤäƤ
ʸߤ divers ̾ȤƤˡꡤƱʸˤƱˡ some ߤ

divers ѤΡֻ̹ (= the Acts of the Apostles) ͭ̾1Ȥơ"But when divers were hardened, and believed not, but spake evil of that way before the multitude, he departed from them, and separated the disciples, disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus." (Acts 19:9) 󤲤Ƥ

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2025-01-27 Mon

#5754. divers vs diverse [variant][pronunciation][latin][french][doublet][stress][spelling][adjective][polysemy][pronoun][doublet]

ƹǤϥȥ2.0ȯ­ͽ¬ǽΥơäƤƤ롥οǤϡDEI (= diversity, equity, and inclusion) ǰΥæޤƤȤ롥1Ĥ diversity ϡ¿פ̣륭ɤǤꡤѸˤϥƥ줫ե󥹸Ф14ȾФ˼ѤƤ
̾δΤϥƥηƻ dīversum Ǥꡤ켫Τư dīvertere ʤ來ؤ餹žˤ̤롥ž̡̼Ρ¿ͤʡĤΡפŸȤˤʤ롥
ȤǡѸ켭ˤ divers /ˈdaɪvəz/ diverse /daɪˈvəːs/ Ȥ̡ΩवƤ롥ֻϸ <e> 뤫ʤΰ㤤ꡤȯ϶벻ᤪӸҲ̵ͭ㤬롥̣ˡȤƤϡԤϸʸŪʶäơ̼ΡĤΡפѤ졤Ԥϼˡ¿ͤʡפθѤ롥ȤȤξԤϸߤ˰۷ˤѸʹߤθˤѤƤ1700ǯ˸̣ˤʬƤ
divers /ˈdaɪvəz/ ϡֿġ͡פ̣̾졦̾ȤƤѤ褦ˤʤäᤫθҲϡ̾ʣ -s ȿǤ뤫Τ褦 /z/ ؤžޤdiverse /daɪˈvəːs/ ȯֻϡƥͳ adverse, inverse ʤɤȴϢŤ夷ΤȻפ롥
OED Ǥξ̡ΩवƤ뤬Diverse, Adj. & Adv. ιˤξη֤ȯˤܺ٤˲⤵Ƥ롥

Form and pronunciation history
The stress was originally on the second syllable, but was at an early date shifted to the first, although both pronunciations long coexisted, especially in verse. In early modern English divers (with stress on the first syllable) is the dominant form (overwhelmingly so in the 17th cent.), especially in the very common sense 'several, sundry, various' (see divers adj.) in which the word always occurs with a plural noun (the final -s coming to be pronounced /z/ after the plural ending -s, making the word homophonous with the plural of diver n.).
By the 18th cent. the senses of the word had come to be distinguished in form, with divers typically used to express the notions of variety and (especially) indefinite number (see divers adj. & n.) and diverse (probably by more immediate association with Latin diversus) the notion of difference (as in senses A.1 and A.3); thus Johnson (1755), Sheridan (1780), and Walker (1791), all of whom have two parallel entries. Both forms were typically stressed on the first syllable, and differed only in the pronunciation of the final consonant (respectively /z/ and /s/ ). The same formal and semantic distinction is reflected in 19th-cent. dictionaries, including Smart (1836), Worcester (1846), Knowles (1851), Stormonth (1877), Cent. Dict. (1889), and New English Dictionary (OED first edition) (1897). The latter notes at divers adj. (in sense 'various, sundry, several') that it is 'now somewhat archaic, but well known in legal and scriptural phraseology'; in this form the word is now chiefly archaic and used mainly in literary or legal contexts.
In the second half of the 19th cent. (as divers adj. was gradually becoming more restricted in use), the dictionaries begin to note an alternative pronunciation for diverse adj. with stress on the second syllable. This pronunciation probably continues the original one that had never entirely disappeared for this form, as is shown by examples from verse (compare e.g. quots. a1618, 1837 at sense A.1a, 1754 at sense A.3a). Knowles (1851) is one of the first dictionaries to note this pronunciation of diverse adj. (which, interestingly, he gives as the sole pronunciation); more commonly the two alternatives are given, as e.g. Craig (1882), who puts the pronunciation with initial stress first, and Stormonth (1877), Cent. Dict. (1889), New English Dictionary (OED first edition) (1897), who give priority to the pronunciation with stress on the second syllable; this has since become by far the more common pronunciation of the word.

Referrer (Inside): [2026-01-01-1] [2025-01-28-1]

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2025-01-27 Mon

#5754. divers vs diverse [variant][pronunciation][latin][french][doublet][stress][spelling][adjective][polysemy][pronoun][doublet]

ƹǤϥȥ2.0ȯ­ͽ¬ǽΥơäƤƤ롥οǤϡDEI (= diversity, equity, and inclusion) ǰΥæޤƤȤ롥1Ĥ diversity ϡ¿פ̣륭ɤǤꡤѸˤϥƥ줫ե󥹸Ф14ȾФ˼ѤƤ
̾δΤϥƥηƻ dīversum Ǥꡤ켫Τư dīvertere ʤ來ؤ餹žˤ̤롥ž̡̼Ρ¿ͤʡĤΡפŸȤˤʤ롥
ȤǡѸ켭ˤ divers /ˈdaɪvəz/ diverse /daɪˈvəːs/ Ȥ̡ΩवƤ롥ֻϸ <e> 뤫ʤΰ㤤ꡤȯ϶벻ᤪӸҲ̵ͭ㤬롥̣ˡȤƤϡԤϸʸŪʶäơ̼ΡĤΡפѤ졤Ԥϼˡ¿ͤʡפθѤ롥ȤȤξԤϸߤ˰۷ˤѸʹߤθˤѤƤ1700ǯ˸̣ˤʬƤ
divers /ˈdaɪvəz/ ϡֿġ͡פ̣̾졦̾ȤƤѤ褦ˤʤäᤫθҲϡ̾ʣ -s ȿǤ뤫Τ褦 /z/ ؤžޤdiverse /daɪˈvəːs/ ȯֻϡƥͳ adverse, inverse ʤɤȴϢŤ夷ΤȻפ롥
OED Ǥξ̡ΩवƤ뤬Diverse, Adj. & Adv. ιˤξη֤ȯˤܺ٤˲⤵Ƥ롥

Form and pronunciation history
The stress was originally on the second syllable, but was at an early date shifted to the first, although both pronunciations long coexisted, especially in verse. In early modern English divers (with stress on the first syllable) is the dominant form (overwhelmingly so in the 17th cent.), especially in the very common sense 'several, sundry, various' (see divers adj.) in which the word always occurs with a plural noun (the final -s coming to be pronounced /z/ after the plural ending -s, making the word homophonous with the plural of diver n.).
By the 18th cent. the senses of the word had come to be distinguished in form, with divers typically used to express the notions of variety and (especially) indefinite number (see divers adj. & n.) and diverse (probably by more immediate association with Latin diversus) the notion of difference (as in senses A.1 and A.3); thus Johnson (1755), Sheridan (1780), and Walker (1791), all of whom have two parallel entries. Both forms were typically stressed on the first syllable, and differed only in the pronunciation of the final consonant (respectively /z/ and /s/ ). The same formal and semantic distinction is reflected in 19th-cent. dictionaries, including Smart (1836), Worcester (1846), Knowles (1851), Stormonth (1877), Cent. Dict. (1889), and New English Dictionary (OED first edition) (1897). The latter notes at divers adj. (in sense 'various, sundry, several') that it is 'now somewhat archaic, but well known in legal and scriptural phraseology'; in this form the word is now chiefly archaic and used mainly in literary or legal contexts.
In the second half of the 19th cent. (as divers adj. was gradually becoming more restricted in use), the dictionaries begin to note an alternative pronunciation for diverse adj. with stress on the second syllable. This pronunciation probably continues the original one that had never entirely disappeared for this form, as is shown by examples from verse (compare e.g. quots. a1618, 1837 at sense A.1a, 1754 at sense A.3a). Knowles (1851) is one of the first dictionaries to note this pronunciation of diverse adj. (which, interestingly, he gives as the sole pronunciation); more commonly the two alternatives are given, as e.g. Craig (1882), who puts the pronunciation with initial stress first, and Stormonth (1877), Cent. Dict. (1889), New English Dictionary (OED first edition) (1897), who give priority to the pronunciation with stress on the second syllable; this has since become by far the more common pronunciation of the word.

Referrer (Inside): [2026-01-01-1] [2025-01-28-1]

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2024-07-23 Tue

#5566. ѸΥե󥹼Ѹ줬ѸäͿ׷ --- ؤդ󤹡٤Ϣܵ5 [hakusuisha][french][loan_word][notice][rensai][furansu_rensai][borrowing][norman_french][doublet][hybrid][lexicology]


furansu_202408.png

  *

ǯ١Ҥηؤդ󤹡٤ˤϢֱܵѸˤįե󥹸פ񤤤Ƥޤؤդ󤹡8ԤޤϢܤȤƤ5Ȥʤޤ
Ρ֥ե󥹼Ѹήפ˰³ƤǤήη̡ѸäˤɤΤ褦ʾ׷⤬⤿餵줿Τޤʲ4ĤξФΤȤ˥å񤤤Ƥޤ

1. ñѤȸηϤѲ
Ѹ˥ե󥹸줫̤ñѤꡤѸθηϤ礭ʱƶͿޤˤꡤѸθäΤ礭Ѳޤ
2. Ȥʤäαñ
ե󥹸줫μѸˤꡤ¸αñ줬֤Ȥʤ륱¿ޤ㤨С֤פ̣ ēam uncle ˡּʡפ̣ anda envy ֤ʤɤޤ
3. Υޥ󡦥ե󥹸ե󥹸
μѸϥΥޥ顤ϥѥե󥹸줫ޤˤꡤƱ츻ñ줬ۤʤDZѸꡤ2Ÿ (doublet) Ȥƶ¸褦ˤʤޤ
4. ʩϥ֥åɸ
ե󥹸θ˴줿Ѹϡե󥹸ͳܼѸñդƿñФޤϱʩǤޤϥ֥åɸȤƱѸ夷ޤ

4Ϣܵ hellog ǾҲ𤷤ƤޤΤǡʲꤪɤߤ

#5449. ؤդ󤹡٤DZѸϢܤϤޤޤ ([2024-03-28-1])
#5477. ʤʩѸˤϻƤñ줬Ρ --- ؤդ󤹡٤Ϣܵ2ơ ([2024-04-25-1])
#5509. Ѹ˼Ѥ줿ǽʩñ --- ؤդ󤹡٤Ϣܵ3ơ ([2024-05-27-1])
#5538. ե󥹼Ѹή --- ؤդ󤹡٤Ϣܵ4ơ ([2024-06-25-1])

δ졡ֱѸˤįե󥹸졡5ѸΥե󥹼Ѹ줬ѸäͿ׷סؤդ󤹡2024ǯ8桤ҡ2024ǯ72352--53ǡ

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2024-05-07 Tue

#5489. űѸο̾μѸƱ餤¿ͤäݤ [onomastics][personal_name][name_project][by-name][doublet][me][oe][anglo-saxon][norman_conquest][occupational_term]

ε#5488. Ѹο̾ʤɽ魯ˤμ϶äۤɺʬƤ¿ͤä ([2024-05-06-1]) Ƥ顤ʵ䤬⤫Ǥ롥ΩĸűѸˤϡ̾μѸƱ餤ʬƤ¿ͤäΤ뤤ϡäϼäΤϸˤȤɤޤ餺ʸꡤ󥰥ʸΥȥԥåȤʤ롥
⻲Ȥ Fransson (31) ϡ餯űѸˤϿ̾Ϥäϼäȿ¬Ƥ롥äȸС¿οȤȤ̾ϡΥޥ (norman_conquest) αƶΤȤˡ󥰥ɡѸˤ⤿餵줿ΤȹͤƤ롥

Did this specialization exist before the Middle English period? The trade-names that are recorded in the Old English literature have been collected by Klump (Die altengl. Handwerkernamen). It is noteworthy that these are comparatively few in number; they are chiefly general names of trades, usually not specialized. A great number of the names in the present treatise are not represented there. To infer from this that all these did not exist in OE, is of course premature. The case is that we have no documents from that time in which trade-names are common. Much speaks in favour of the opinion, however, that many names of occupation did not come into existence until after the Norman conquest.


űѸ¿ο̾ʸڤʤȤȤϡűѸ¿οȤʤäȤɬ̣櫓ǤϤʤFransson θΩƤǤϡΤ褦˲ᤷƤ褤ΤǤϤʤȤȤ
Ѹοȡ̾ˤȯޤޤ⤷ơޤ˻פƤ

Fransson, G. Middle English Surnames of Occupation 1100--1350, with an Excursus on Toponymical Surnames. Lund Studies in English 3. Lund: Gleerup, 1935.

Referrer (Inside): [2024-05-08-1]

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2024-05-06 Mon

#5488. Ѹο̾ʤɽ魯ˤμ϶äۤɺʬƤ¿ͤä [onomastics][personal_name][name_project][by-name][doublet][me][occupational_term]

Ѹο̾ӤӤ (by-name) ˤĤĴ٤ƤȡοȤκʬƤͤ˶äʤ˺٤ȤʬƤΤȰݤƱˡ¿˶òʤΤ
㤨 Fransson (30) θˤȡĴץΤۡ׻Ȥ˴ؤ뿦̾бϡʤ165ढȤʪ״Ϣֿʪ׶ȳ¿ԤȴϢ25ߤĤȤ̤ˤ108Ф졤ʪפʪפͽۤȤब˭٤ǡϢդ줿107˵ڤ֤Ȥ
⤷ȤˡζѸλˤϡޤǤο̾κʬ¿ϳǧʤȤλ̻ŪӤɬñǤϤʤΤΡFransson (31) "we can say that --- with the exception of modern factories -- specialization of trades was considerably greater in the Middle Ages than in modern times." ȷŤƤ롥
ǤϡʤѸˤϿȡ̾ˤΤ褦˺ʬƤΤFransson (31) ϡ4ۤɤŦƤ롥

(1) εѤȯŸʲɤߵȡΤζ椨
(2) Ȥ̾ˤĤƱѸ̾бե󥹸̾ʻ¸Ƥ뤳Ȥ¿츫̾μब˭٤Ȥ¿
(3) 뿦̾ӤӤʪ̣ǤοȤ˽Ƥ櫓ǤϤʤȤ𤬤롥㤨 girdler ϡ֥ɥ뿦͡פºݤˤϥɥäƤ櫓ǤϤʤƱ¾ʤäƤ뤳Ȥ¿Ĥޤꡤ°ʤοͤǤ⤢ä
(4) 嵭ȴϢơܶȤȤȤ˥ޥʡȤĤǤ硤Ԥ̾ȤƺѤۤȤƤϼǽϤ⤤Blodleter ÷͡סʡᾲˤ Vershewere ֱʸߡסʡڤˤʤɤΤ褦롥

Ѹ˿̾ʬƤ¿ͤȤ¤ߤ褦ǤϡűѸǤϤɤäΤơʤѸʹߤˤϡκʬ¿ʤʤäΤ̣Ǥ롥

Fransson, G. Middle English Surnames of Occupation 1100--1350, with an Excursus on Toponymical Surnames. Lund Studies in English 3. Lund: Gleerup, 1935.

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2024-02-22 Thu

#5414. dungeon ʸˤȸ츻 [doublet][etymology][semantic_change][literature][french][latin][voicy][heldio]

NewsPicks ܹΩ̿ءˤϢܤƤRPGΤΤˡκǿƤޤ֥󥸥ȡҥåӤؤ---ͥȥͥǡǤ


֥󥸥ȡҥåӤؤ---ͥȥͥ



RPG ˤϡ֥󥸥 (dungeon) ζϤޤʤΤǤϤʤǤ礦ΰ̣ϡϲϴסƶססʤ RPG ˤϥ󥸥դΤʤΡåޥ󥹤ȤδطϡΤ褦䤤ƤʸˡʸػˤεǤ
ǤڤƤޤñ dungeon ϸťե󥹸 donjon ѤΤǤ1300ǯˡťե󥹸Ǥθϡּ緯פۤɤǤ줬ϴȤѤ줿طʤ顤ϴסȤ櫓ϲϴפΰ̣ȯãޤˤ RPG Ūʡ̤Τʤ֡סʾ嵭򻲾ȡˤȤˤޤȯŸƤޤʸỤ̄臘٤̣Ѳ (semantic_change) ιǤ͡
ơťե󥹸 donjon ϡ̤ƥ dominiōnem ˹Ԥ夭ϸŵƥ dominium бޤַϰ̡ϡפ̣ޤΥƥñ줬ľܱѸ˼ޤ줿Τ dominion ڡ۸פǤĤޤꡤdungeon dominion 2Ÿ (doublet) ȤȤˤʤޤ
Ϣϡʲ hellog heldio ΥƥĤǼ夲ƤޤΤǡҤɤ

hellog #3899. ƥ domus ʲȡˤθ캬ͥåȥ ([2019-12-30-1])
hellog #3898. danger, dangerous ΰ̣Ѳ ([2019-12-29-1])
heldio #118. danger ΤȤȤΰ̣ϡָϡס
heldio #273. ֻ۸ ΤäƤ danger θ
hellog #1953. Stern ˤ̣Ѳ7ʬ (2) ([2014-09-01-1])

Referrer (Inside): [2025-01-01-1]

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2022-11-06 Sun

#4941. partner parcener [folk_etymology][french][loan_word][etymology][doublet]

ī Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)פˤ#524. deal part Υ᡼ϡʬͿƶͭסäޤ˸츻Ǥܥӥ̣Ǥɤİ



Τʤǥƥ pars "part" ͳ褹ñ򤤤Ĥ󤲤ޤ֤ partner ˤĤƤ⿨褦ȻפäƤȤǤǤϿʤäΤ hellog ˤ­ޤ
ǶǤܸǤ֥ѡȥʡפȤ줬褯Ѥޤء͡ƱԡӥͥʤɡͭƤ͡餫λȤ˶Ʊǻ褷Ƥͤ򹭤ؤդǤñ partner Ʊ褦˹ѤޤϤϤֲͭƤ͡פǤ
OED θ츻εҤˤȡpartner ľ part ȴطȤϡϢ̤ñ parcener ѷǤϤʤȤΤȤǤ

Etymology: Probably an alteration of PARCENER n. (although this is only attested slightly later), under the influence of PART n.1 Perhaps compare Old French partenier (1266), Dutch regional (West Flanders) partenier.
It is much less likely that the word arose from scribal error (with the letters c and t being confused).


Ѹ parcener ϡֶƱ³͡פ̣ˡΧѸǤθϡֲͭƤ͡פ򸶵ȤեñѤΤǡŪˤϥƥ partītiō(n-) ̤ꡤƥ pars ֤ȤϤޤθ줬Ѹ¦ѷƤǤΤpartner ʤΤǤϤʤȤ츻ǤϩϤäȤ䤳Ǥpart δϢǤ뤳ȤϳΤʤ褦Ǥ

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2020-10-11 Sun

#4185. ʤ number ξάɽ no. ȤʤΤǤ --- hellog 饸 [hellog-radio][sobokunagimon][hel_education][doublet][abbreviation][latin]

褯ҤͤѤʵǤnumber ξάɽǤ nu. ʤɤȤʤꤽʤȤǤʤ no. ȤʤäƤޤ o Ϥäɤ褿ΤǤ礦ϱѸˤդȤ륿פǤβİƤ



äǤ礦no. number άΤǤϤʤnumber θ츻Ǥƥ numerus åñǤ numero άΤäΤǤnumber no. δطϡäơľϤ̼طǤϤʤ夯餤δطȤȤˤʤޤŪˤƱ츻ǤꡤƬ n- ⶦ̤ƤΤǡäʶ路櫓Ǥ嵭Τ褦طʤޤ
ΤʤǴϢƿ줿 i.e (= id est "that is") e.g. (= exempli gratia "for example") ʤɤϡάɽȸɽޤ˰ۤʤäƤꡤľܤξάǤ櫓ʤȤʬΤǤno. (= numero "in number") ξˤϤʤޤƤˡޤƤޤޤ͡ѸˡֲɤߡפȡַɤߡפäȤ¤ˤäΤǤϤʤǤ礦
ȴϢơ##750,1042εå󤴰ɤ

Referrer (Inside): [2021-04-18-1]

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2020-09-14 Mon

#4158. gravy n v θɤ顩 [etymology][minim][ghost_word][doublet]

gravy ϡ쥤ӡפ̣ñǤ롥θθ츻˴ؤƤԳΤʤȤ⤢뤬OED ޤ᤿Ĥθ츻ҤˤСƱ̣ͤդ̣ťե󥹸 grané n 餫Υߥ󥰤 v ȸɤ줿̡Ѹ grave, gravi ʤɤȤ夷Τ롥ܥ֥Ǥ#4134. unmummied --- ֤äƤѤʤȤˤʤäƤñβԡ ([2020-08-21-1]) ޤ¿εDz٤夲ƤλΤǤ n v ʤ u) minim ȸƤФ2¤٤ <<ıı>> ȤΤ˶̤줺˽񤫤Ƥgravy ⤳μθɤ1ͩ (ghost_word) ʤΤǤϤʤȤȤ (cf. #2725. ghost word ([2016-10-12-1]))
ťե󥹸 grané ̣դ줿ѥؤƥ grānum ʹγˤˤΤܤ롥Ѹ grain ⡤Υƥñ줬ťե󥹸ͳƱѸäƤΤʤΤǡgrain gravy ϡǾ㤤äƤޤäΤΡ2Ÿ (double) Ȥߤ뤳ȤǤ
θɤťե󥹸ǵäΤʤΤѸ˼Ѥ줿˵äΤʤΤ񤷤Ѹ grane ηޤʤȤ顤餯ԤʤΤǤϤʤꤵ롥
OED gravy, n. θ츻ѤƤ

Etymology: Of obscure origin.
The receipts quoted under sense 1 below are substantially identical with receipts in Old French cookery books, in which the word is grané. For the Old French word the reading grané seems certain (though in printed texts gravé usually appears); it is probably cognate with Old French grain 'anything used in cooking' (Godefroy), and with grenade n.2, grenadine n.1; compare also faus grenon = 'gravy bastard'. But in the English manuscripts the word has nearly always either a v or a letter which looks more like u than n (the only exception being in the 'table' to Liber Cocorum, which has thrice grane, while the text has graue). As the Middle English word was therefore identical in form with the modern word, it seems difficult, in spite of the difference in sense, to regard them as unconnected. In the present state of the evidence, the most probable conclusion is that the Old French grané was early misread as gravé, and in that form became current as a term of English cookery.


gravy θɤ˴ؤȡ˴ؤơSimon Horobin ˤ "Five words in the English language people usually use incorrectly" ε⤷

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2020-08-29 Sat

#4142. guest host ϡʤƱ츻 --- hellog 饸 [hellog-radio][sobokunagimon][hel_education][grimms_law][indo-european][palatalisation][old_norse][loan_word][semantic_change][doublet][antonym][french][latin][old_norse]

hellog 饸20ȤʤޤѤʵȤ⡤äȶä⤷츻Ǥֵҿ͡פ̣ guest ȡּ͡פ̣ host ϡʤȿո (antonym) ǤʤƱ츻ʤΤǤ2Ÿ (doublet) ȤޤˡԻ׵ĤˤĤơ4ǯȤѸεˤΤͤǤĸ (Proto-Indo-European) λˤޤ̤äƲ⤷ޤʲβɤ



2Ĥαñ夲ˤޤ󤬡ظˤϤ褽5ǯˤ錄ˤäΤǤо줹⡤ĸ˻Ϥޤꡤƥ졤ե󥹸졤ޥĸ졤ťΥɸ̲ˡƱѸ¿̤Ǥ
츻ؤ˸ؤ̥ϤϡΤ褦˲Ǥʤ褦ˤߤñظˤƤ뤳ȤǤƱ츻줫顤Ĺˤ錄벻Ѳ̣Ѳ̤ơ츫ȴطΤʤ¿ñ줬Ť뼰ƤȤ¤⡤ʤȤⶽ̣ȤǤˤĤơܤ##170,171,1723,1724εå

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2020-07-14 Tue

#4096. 3Ÿ졤4Ÿ졤5Ÿ򤤤Ĥ [doublet][etymology][loan_word][borrowing][lexicology][synonym]

ε#4094. 2Ÿʬ ([2020-07-13-1]) Ǽ夲2Ÿ (doublet) ξԤ3Ÿ졤4Ÿ졤5ŸʤɤΡ¿Ÿפ򡤡ؿѸؼŵ (344) ꤤĤ󤲤ܥ֥δϢ뵭ؤΥ󥯤ĥäƤ

(a) 3Ÿ (triplet)

hale (< ME hal, hale, hail < OE hāl), whole (< ME hol, hool, hole < OE hāl), hail ( ON heill) (cf. #3817. hale θ캬ͥåȥ ([2019-10-09-1]))
place ( OF place < L platēa), plaza ( Sp. plaza < L platēa), piazza ( It. piazza < L platēa)
hotel ( F hôtel < OF hostel < ML hospitāle), hostel ( OF hostel < ML hospitāle), hospital ( ML hospitāle) (cf. #171. guest host (2) ([2009-10-15-1]))
a, an, one (cf. #86. one ȯ ([2009-07-22-1]))

(b) 4Ÿ (quadruplet)

corpse ( MF corps < OF cors < L corpus), corps ( MF corps < OF cors < L corpus), corpus ( L corpus), corse ( OF cors < L corpus)

(c) 5Ÿ (quintuplet)

palaver ( Port palavra < L parabola), parable ( OF parabole < L parabola), parabola ( L parabola), parley ( OF parlée < L parabola), parole ( F parole < L parabola)
discus, disk, dish, desk, dais (cf. #569. discus --- 6Ÿ߽Фðۤθ캬 ([2010-11-17-1]))
senior, sire, sir, seigneur, signor

ʤܸ줫4ŸȤơɡ륿ơ㡼Ȥ󤲤Ƥ (cf. #1027. åפȥåס ([2012-02-18-1]))

⿮ ʸͺʴƽˡؿѸؼŵ١ҡ1982ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2025-03-17-1]

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2020-07-13 Mon

#4095. 2Ÿʬ [doublet][etymology][loan_word][borrowing][lexicology][synonym]

Ʊ츻ˤΤܤ뤬餫ͳǷ֤Ọ̇̄ۤʤ˻ä1Ȥθ2Ÿ (doublet) ȸƤ֡ܥ֥Ǥ͡ʼ2Ÿ󤲤Ƥä˾ܺ٤ʰϡ#1723. åץ꡼ˤ2Ÿ ([2014-01-14-1]) ȡ#1724. Skeat ˤ2Ÿ ([2014-01-15-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ2ŸˤϤĤΥפ뤬ؿѸؼŵ (343--44) ˽äơ˸ŪʴʬषƼ

(1) ѷϩΰۤʤΡ

sure ( OF sur < L sēcūrus), secure ( L sēcūrus)
poorʢ OF povre, poure < L pauper), pauper ( L pauper)
filibuster ( Sp. filibustero Du. vrijbuiter), freebooter ( Du. vrijbuiter)
caste ( Port. casta < L castus), chaste ( OF chaste < L castus)
madam(e) ( OF ma dame < L mea domina), Madonna ( It. ma donna < L mea domina)

(2) ȳˤΡ

shirt (< OE scyrte < *skurtjōn-), skirt ( ON skyrta < *skurtjōn-)
naked (< OE nacod, næcad), nude ( L nūdus)
brother (< OE brōðor), friar ( OF frere < L frāter)
name (< OE nama), noun ( AN noun < L nōmen)
kin (< OE cynn), genus ( L genus)

(3) Ʊ줫ۤʤ˰ۤʤ֤뤤ϰ̣ǼѤ줿Ρ

cipher ( OF cyfre Arab. ṣifr), zero ( F zéro It. zero Arab. ṣifr)
count ( OF conter < L computāre), compute ( MF compoter < L computāre)
annoy ( OF anuier, anoier < L in odio), ennui ( F ennui < OF enui < L in odio)

(4) ƱΰۤʤμѤˤΡ(cf. #76. Norman French vs Central French ([2009-07-13-1])#95. ޤ롪 Norman French Central French Ÿ ([2009-07-31-1])#388. äȤ롪 Norman French Central French Ÿ ([2010-05-20-1]))

catch ( ONF cachier), chase ( OF chacier)
wage ( ONF wagier), gage ( OF guage)
warden ( ONF wardein), guardian ( OF guardien)
warrant ( ONF warantir), guarantee ( OF guarantie)
treason ( AN treyson < OF traison < L traditionis), traditiion ( OF tradicion < L traditionis) (cf. #944. ration reason ([2011-11-27-1]))

(5) ѸˤƱ줬ƼηѲˤʬ (split) ĤΰۤʤˤʤäΤ롥ˤѸˤǧ롥

outermost, uttermost
thresh, thrash
of, off
than, then (cf. #1038. then than ([2012-02-29-1]))
through, thorough (cf. #55. through θ츻 ([2009-06-22-1]))
wight, whit
worked, wrought (cf. #2117. playwright ([2015-02-12-1]))
later, latter (cf. #3616. 촴첻ûפӵͳ褹 latter, last, utter ([2019-03-22-1])#3622. latter η֤űѸ졦Ѹ "Pre-Cluster Shortening" ([2019-03-28-1]))
to, too
mead, meadow
shade, shadow (cf. #194. shadow shade ([2009-11-07-1]))
twain, two (cf. #1916. ˡȽˡǰۤʤ֤ķƻ ([2014-07-26-1]))
fox, vixen

acute, cute
example, sample (cf. #548. example, ensample, sample 3Ÿ ([2010-10-27-1]))
history, story
mode, mood (cf. #3984. ؤǤˡ (mood) ȤϲǤ (2) ([2020-03-24-1]))
parson, person (cf. #179. person parson ([2009-10-23-1]))
fancy, fantasy
van, caravan
varsity, university
flour, flower (cf. #183. flower flour ([2009-10-27-1]))
travail, travel

嵭2ŸΤĤˤĤƤϡܥ֥Ǥ⵭Ǽ夲Τꡤ󥯤ĥäƤ¾2ŸˤĤƤξ򸡺ХҥåȤ뤫⤷ʤ

⿮ ʸͺʴƽˡؿѸؼŵ١ҡ1982ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2021-03-25-1] [2020-07-14-1]

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2020-06-09 Tue

#4061. sprite spright [doublet][spelling][reverse_spelling][johnson]

ε#4060. ʤפ̣ spirit ־αפ̣Τ ([2020-06-08-1]) Ǿ줿褦ˡѸǡפ̣ sprite/spright spirit ΰ۷ˤ츻ˤ롥
sprite Ф spright ֻŪǤꡤ <-ite> /-aɪt/ <-ight> Ȥط "reverse spelling" Ǥ"reverse spelling" ˤĤƤϡ#34. thumb ֤ȯ ([2009-06-01-1])#724. thumb ֤ȯ (2) ([2011-04-21-1])#283. delectable delight ([2010-02-04-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ
spright ֻǤ16˽ФShakespeare Folio Quarto νǡޤ Spenser ǤϡषŪ˻ȤƤ⤷Ȥ Johnson μˤξθФΩƤƤꡤ"spright" θФΤȤǡsprite ֤٤ (custom) ȤƤ spright Ƿ夬ĤƤȤθڤ롥Johnson 餷нλǤ롥ʤǤ sprite Τ̤ۤ



ƻդ spritely/sprightly, spriteful/sprightful ϡָʡȯʡפ̣Ƥ spright 켫ȤƱηƻȤѤ뤳Ȥ롥ηƻˤϡפθʥ᡼ŤʤäƤ뤫⤷ʤ餯캬θ˴ޤޤ "animating or vital" εǿ줿褦ˡΥ󥢥륳֥ץ饤ȡ (Sprite) ϡˤϤú̥ϤǤ롥

Referrer (Inside): [2020-08-14-1] [2020-06-10-1]

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2020-06-08 Mon

#4060. ʤפ̣ spirit ־αפ̣Τ [sobokunagimon][etymology][latin][doublet][alchemy]

66īʹī11̤Ρ֤ȤХץ֥ԥåġϺӤӤƤ롩Ȥ꤬Ǻܤ줿ñ spirit(s) θˤĤơεȴϢ̤ƻ󶡤ΤǡκݤĴ٤ƹͤȤʲˤޤȤƤ  *




Ѹ spirit ȤС1ŪˡפפΤ褦ΤФŪʤΤؤŪʺѤǤֵʬסָסֵϡפʤɤظȯãƤäȤŪ򤷤䤹ʣ spirits ǡ֥ǡ󡤥ޤॢ륳ٿι⤤α̣褦ˤʤäΤϡɤ櫓
spirit θ츻õäƤߤ褦θ캬ϥƥ spīrāre ©򤹤ˤθ캬˰פ롥餵˰ĸ *(s)peis- ʿ᤯ˤ̤餻⤢뤬⤢褦Ƶ۲Ϥͳ褹Τ⤷ʤƥ spīritus ©ˤϤ̾ƥǤϸˡפ̣褦ˤʤꡤˤΰ̣ôäƤ animus ˼ää
ɸε򤯤äơΥƥˤ©פפؤΰ̣Ѳ򤹤뤳Ȥ礭ʸȤʤ롥طʤˤϡĶŪ¸ߤΤ spīritus ©ˤ᤭ळȤǡ̿ư򳫻ϤȤͤ롥ξĶŪ¸ߤ᤭©פȤϡOED spirit, n. ɮƬ˵Ƥ̤ "The animating or vital principle in man (and animals); that which gives life to the physical organism, in contrast to its purely material elements; the breath of life." ʤΤ̿ΤΤˤۤʤʤܸǤ̿©פȤ̤ꡤ©פ̿θΤΤǤꡤθ̤Τ׼Τ⡤Ʊ spīritus Ȥɽ蘆뤳Ȥˤʤä櫓Ǥ롥
Υƥñϡťե󥹸 (e)spirit ʤɤͳơ14 spirit Ȥ֤DZѸ˼Ѥ줿ʤäƸե󥹸丽Ѹ esprit ƱˡѤ줿餫餹Ǥˡ©פפ򵼿ͲĶŪ¸ߤؤֿ, ͩ, ⡤פʤɤθǤѤƤ褦Ѹǡפ̣ sprite/spright ϡspirit ΰ۷ˤۤʤʤʤĤޤ spirit, esprit, sprite/spright 3Ÿˡ
ϣ (alchemy) ʸ̮Ǥϡ̿θ spirit θ٤ƤʪκȤʤ4 four spirits ؤȱѤ줿䡤вǡˡ˥ࡤβ4ĤǤ롥餬ŬڤȤ߹蘆ӤӤʪޤȤǤϡϤơ "the animating or vital principle" ȤȤˤʤ롥ơϣѤμ¸ --- α --- ̤ƶŪ줿Τ1Ĥʹǻ٤Ρ˥륳äα줿륳ϱդ̣ spirit αѸǤνФϡޤ17Ƭ Ben Jonson μˤʤ Alchemist ˤƤǤOED θ21aˡ

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. vi. sig. F2, H'is busie with his spirits, but we'll vpon him.


륳̣ȤƤϡƱȾ˽ǤͤνȤʤä John Bunyan ˤ The Pilgrim's Progress ˽ФƤOED θ21cˡ

1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. ii. 67 He gave me also a piece of an Honey-comb, and a little Bottle of Spirits .


ơñʤ˥륳Ȥ spirit 뤳ȤǡȤͤʳʪǤꡤΰʪΤƱñɽ蘆褦ˤʤä
ΤȤ̿᤭ޤ줿ȤߤʤȯۤϡŤλ夫餢äϥ˥ꥷ ὕĦئ ῶ ̿οˤȤꡤ줬ƥǤ aqua vitae 줿űѸǤ lifes wǣter (life's water) ʸڤ롥ե󥹸 eau-de-vieɸ uisce beatha ʤɤ⡤ΤʤȤߤ롥
Ĥޤּ̿οפȤȯۤϡ⤽ˤϿȶʤΤȤ¸ߤƤΤǤ롥ΰǡѸǤ spirit ̿θɽ魯⤦1ĤθȤѸ˼ޤ줿줬νѸˤϣѤʸ̮դ졤˽Ρּ̿οפȤȯۤȤӤĤ뤳Ȥˤꡤ¯Ūʡ־αפθΤ
ĶŪ¸ߤ©ˤä߽Ф줿ζ񸽲Ǥʪ̿᤭ϣѤθ줿륳롤Υ륳¿ޤα --- spirit ɴǯˤ錄̣ѲĹι³ƤȤˤʤ롥ǸΤΤС־嵡Ǥ (be in high spirits) ֤ʤյǡ (with considerable spirit) ʪˤ꤫뤳ȤǤ롥餷 spirits
ǸˡܥҤΥΥ󥢥륳֥ץ饤ȡ (Sprite) ϡHPξˤȡ

֥ץ饤ȡפ̾ͳϡѸ Spiritʸΰաˤ Spriteˤͳ褷ú褯Ϥͻҡ䤫ƩʤɤɽƤޤ1961ǯư衤úˤɷôΤ륯ꥢ̣襤ǼԤ濴ؤλٻ򽸤ᡤߤǤ190ʾιϰ䤵Ƥ󥰥顼֥ɤǤ


ȤΤȡä츻򲡤Ƥ롥̣ѲĹικȤäƤ褤
ĹȽҤ٤ƤޤȤ褦spirit ־αפθطʤˤϡ3Ĥϲ̮ä

(1) spirit θȤƤΡΤ᤭ΤȤƤĶŪ¸ߤ©
(2) ϣѤ̤ƥ륳뤬α줿
(3) ּ̤̿οפȤŤȯ

3Ĥή17˱ѸΤʤǹήspirit(s) αפȤɽήƤΤǤ롥

硼 T. åץ꡼ ƻ ϻ إåץ꡼Ѹ츻ŵ١罤ۡ2009ǯ
߷ ˧ͺԡˡرѸ츻ŵ١ҡ1997ǯ
Room, Adrian, ed. NTC's Dictionary of Changes in Meanings. Lincolnwood: NTC, 1991.

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2020-03-22 Sun

#3982. ťΥɸѸβŪħ [old_norse][loan_word][borrowing][phonology][cognate][doublet][palatalisation][link]

ɸȴϢơDurkin (191--92) 󤲤ƤťΥɸѸ󤲤롥󤬸űѸƱ졤󤬸ťΥɸƱʤĸѸ˼Ѥ줿ˡ󤬻ͤޤǤ˸ťɸǤθǤ롥Ȥ櫓β֤ӤƤ餤

OEScandinavianCf. Old Icelandic
sċyrta (> shirt)skirtskyrta
sċ(e)aða, sċ(e)aðianscatheskaði, skaða 'it hurts'
sċiell, sċell (> shell)(northern) skell 'shell'skel
ċietel, ċetel (> ME chetel)kettleketill
ċiriċe (> church)(northern) kirkkirkja
ċist, ċest (> chest)(northern) kistkista
ċeorl (> churl)(northern) carlkarl
hlenċelinkhlekkr
ġietangetgeta
ġiefangivegeva (OSw. giva)
ġiftgiftgipt (OSw. gipt, gift)
ġeard (> yard)(northern) garthgarðr
ġearwegeargervi
bǣtanbait 'to bait'beita
hāl (> whole)hail 'healthy'heill
lācnorthern laik 'game'leikr
rǣran (> rear)raisereisa
swānswainsveinn
(> no)naynei
blācbleakbleikr
wācweakveikr
þēahthoughþó
lēaslooselouss, lauss
ǣġ (> ME ei)eggegg
sweoster, swustersistersystir
fram, from (> from)frofrá


űѸȸťΥɸˤĤơĤħŪʲб⤫Ӿ夬äƤ롥ϡĸ줫ʬ줿˳ƸȼβѲ̤ȤƤβбǤ롥βѲܤƲվ񤭤褦 (Durkin 193--98)

(1) űѸǤ /sk/ > /ʃ/ äƤ뤬ťΥɸǤϵäƤʤ
(2) űѸǤ /k/ > /tʃ/ äƤ뤬ťΥɸǤϵäƤʤ
(3) űѸǤ /g/ > /j/ /gg/ > /ddʒ/ äƤ뤬ťΥɸǤϵäƤʤ
(4) űѸǤϥޥĸ *ai > ā äťΥɸǤϵäƤʤ
(5) űѸǤϥޥĸ *au > ēa äťΥɸǤϵäƤʤ
(6) ťΥɸǤ *jj > gg äƤ뤬űѸǤϵäƤʤ
(7) ťΥɸǤ *ui > y äƤ뤬űѸǤϵäƤʤ
(8) ťΥɸǤϸɡüűѸǤϾüƤʤ

ѲˤϾΤĤΤ¿Τǡ嵭Ǥ٤Ƥ򤭤줤Ǥ櫓ǤϤʤΤäƤȸѸθ˴ؤ͡椬򤭤䤹ʤ롥Ϣ뵭󤲤Ƥ

#2730. palatalisation ([2016-10-17-1])
#1511. űѸ sc θ ([2013-06-16-1])
#2015. seek beseech θҲ ([2014-11-02-1])
#2054. seek beseech θҲ (2) ([2014-12-11-1])
#40. -ly ([2009-06-07-1])
#170. guest host ([2009-10-14-1])
#169. get give Ϥʤ /g/ äƤΤ ([2009-10-13-1])
#3817. hale θ캬ͥåȥ ([2019-10-09-1])
#3699. ʤ careless ȿФ *caremore ǤϤʤcareful ʤΤǤ ([2019-06-13-1])
#337. egges or eyren ([2010-03-30-1])

Durkin, Philip. Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English. Oxford: OUP, 2014.

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2019-05-05 Sun

#3660. Ѥʥڥ󥰤 queue [spelling][french][loan_word][doublet][q][vowel][digraph][sobokunagimon]

ѤʵȤơ#3649. q θˤɬ u ޤϤɤ櫓Ǥ ([2019-04-24-1]) ܥ֥Ǽ夲ȤɼԤꡤqueue ˤȤ̯ʥڥ󥰤ñ줬뤳ȤŦƤä<ueue> 첻4Ĥ³ΤϡѸΥڥ󥰤ȤƤ˳ʤե󥹤μѸǤ뤳θˤĤƤϡ̣ŪʴӱѸαƺȤ顤Ĥơ#1754. queue ([2014-02-14-1]) ˤڥ󥰤ˤĤƤϹͤȤϤʤäΤǡ˥ȤäƤ
ε ([2019-04-24-1]) Ǥϡ<qu> /kw/ ñˤȤ館¤ <qu> /k/ Ǥ뤳Ȥ⾯ʤʤcritique, technique, unique ʤɤθ˸륱ϤȤꡤquay, conquer, liquor ʤɸƬƬ˸Ƥ /kw/ ǤϤʤ /k/ Ȥʤϡcf. #383. ֥Υޥ󡦥󥱥ȡפǤʤ֥Υޥ󡦥󥯥ȡס ([2010-05-15-1])ˡܤƤ queue /kjuː/ ⤳֤
queue 첻ʬΥڥ󥰤ߤ <eu> /juː/ ȤʤäƤꡤϰѸΥڥ󥰵§˱äƤϤ롥neurotic, leukaemia; feudal, neuter; adieu, deuce, lieu ʤ (Upward and Davidson 163) ˳ǧбϽʱѸΥڥ󥰵§Ȥϡ줾쥮ꥷ졤ƥ졤ե󥹸줫μѸȤƸΥڥ󥰽ѤΤȤߤۤ⤷ʤʤ⡤ΤĤñǤ (yod-dropping) η <eu> /uː/ ȤʤäƤˡ <e> ϡѸΥե󥹸ˤ⤢뤫餢ΤƤ褤Ʊ˱ѸΥڥ󥰵§Ǥ <u> ñ򽪤뤳ȤǤʤ⤯ȤǤʡ#2227. ʤ <u> ǽñ줬ʤΤ ([2015-06-02-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ
ʤߤˡε ([2014-02-14-1]) Ǥ⿨줿褦ˡqueue cue ͤȱˤȤƱ졤Хڥ󥰤㤨2Ÿ (doublet) Ǥʤ礦ɡ#183. flower flour ([2009-10-27-1]) Τ褦ʤΡˡƱΥեñͳ褹뤬ڥ󥰤㤨뤳ȤǰۤʤǤ뤫Τ褦ˤߤʤ褦ˤʤäΤϡѸˤȼȯãǤ롥
ˤ queue Υڥ󥰤ϡ <ueue> 첻4³ǡ˳ŪǤ뤳Ȥϴְ㤤ʤŦ꤬Ȥޤ

Upward, Christopher and George Davidson. The History of English Spelling. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

Referrer (Inside): [2019-05-22-1]

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