#5385. methinks ˤޤĤ̯ʸĤҲ ([2024-01-24-1]) ȡ#5386. Ѹ˾夭˳ʤ3ñ -s ([2024-01-25-1]) ǿ줿褦ˡѸˤ methoughts Ȥʸˡ˾ʤȤ̯ư֤ޤʤΤ -s դȤäθǤ
ϡmethoughts νѸ EEBO corpus ȴФƤߤޤʥ饤Υƥȥեˡ10ǯߤǤΥҥåȿϡ̤Ǥ
| ALL | 1600s | 1610s | 1620s | 1630s | 1640s | 1650s | 1660s | 1670s | 1680s | 1690s | |
| METHOUGHTS | 184 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 18 | 37 | 75 | 41 |
2֤εạ̇̄ methinks 夲Ƥʡ#5385. methinks ˤޤĤ̯ʸĤҲ ([2024-01-24-1]) ӡ#5386. Ѹ˾夭˳ʤ3ñ -s ([2024-01-25-1])ˡ
Wischer ϡμŪɽˤĴ줬ФƤѲʸˡ (grammaticalisation) ¦̤ĤȤȤˡò (lexicalisation) ¦̤ѲǤ㤨Сmethinks ˡʴ֡˼Ụ̄ȯ̿Ụ̄ξüȤǤʸˡλȹͤ뤷ǵ̳ηǡȤǤϤषŪƤꡤò1Ȥͤ롥Wischer (365) ꡤʸηѤ롥
Methinks passed through a syntactic lexicalization process which was not accompanied by an addition of a specific semantic component, but rather by an opposite semantic change: Impersonal think has no longer a meaning of its own. It cannot combine with other persons any more (*himthinks, *us thought ...). So, methinks has lost its original propositional meaning denoting an act of cognition and has acquired an exclusively speaker-oriented, or interpersonal, meaning. This change can be regarded as an increase in subjectivity. Thus it operates as a marker of evidentiality, and as such it has become a member of a relatively closed class. Although we can notice an increase in frequency in Early Modern English, methinks never becomes obligatory, but always stands in free variation with expressions like I think, it seems to me, obviously etc. Grammatical elements of this kind are less constrained and therefore situated at the periphery of grammar.
And this must also be the reason for the relatively shortlasting existence of methinks. Linguistic elements, once they are grammaticalized, normally have a rather stable position in the language, whereas lexical units are less constrained, more flexible and pass out of existence more easily.
ʸˡȸòȤ2ĤβϡɬȿΤǤϤʤ줾˽Ťʤ礦Ȥ⤢СۤʤȤ⤢롤Τ褦ʴطȤȤˤʤ롥methinks ο뤲ѲʣǤꡤ1ĤβȤΤ
Wischer, Ilse. "Grammaticalization versus Lexicalization: 'Methinks' there is some confusion." Pathways of Change: Grammaticalization in English. Ed. Olga Fischer, Anette Rosenbach, and Dieter Stein. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2000. 355--70.
ε#5385. methinks ˤޤĤ̯ʸĤҲ ([2024-01-24-1]) θȾǾޤѸȾФ methoughts ʤ̯ʷ֤뤳Ȥޤľˡ3;ΡñĤޤ3ñ -sפȤ˳ʤθǤ٤ϾܤĴ٤ƤޤOED ˤȡShakespeare ФȤ1718ȾФˤ㤬ʸڤ褦ǤѸ˾夭˳ʤǤꡤͤι⤤֤ȤޤʱѸ˸Ԥ϶ʳޤˡ
OED methinks, v. ΰ۷ˤ γ η֤ȤƷǤƤ5ĤʸѤޤ
a1616 Me thoughts that I had broken from the Tower. (W. Shakespeare, Richard III (1623) i. iv. 9)
1620 The draught of a Landskip on a piece of paper, me thoughts masterly done. (H. Wotton, Letter in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 413)
1673 I had..coyned several new English Words, which were onely such French Words as methoughts had a fine Tone wieh them. (F. Kirkman, Unlucky Citizen 181)
1711 Methoughts I was transported into a Country that was filled with Prodigies. (J. Addison, Spectator No. 63. ¶3)
1751 The inward Satisfaction which I felt, had spread in my Eyes I know not what of melting and passionate, which methoughts I had never before observed. (translation of Female Foundling vol. I. 30)
methoughts ٤ܤĴ٤ƤɬפޤĤ㤬ʸڤƤʾ塤ñʤ륨顼ǺѤޤ櫓ˤϤޤη֤طʤˤΤϡְ㤤ʤ3ñη֤٤ι⤤ methinks Ǥ礦methinks (analogy) ˤꡤˤ -s դ줿ȹͤޤդˤСΤ褦䤷üԤϡ߷ methinks -s 3ñ -s ȤǧƤʤäȤޤ¾ưǤ3ñ -s λ㤬Τݤ䤬鼡ؤͯФƤޤ
¤Ϥ methoughts Ȥ̯ʲ¸ߤˤĤƺǽ˶ƤΤϡƱνΥԥԤǤпʷʸʸ칶ˤǤηаޤϡ YouTube ְͥʼδѸظإͥפˤƴñˤäޤ#195. пإԥ줬 --- ԥڤ߿Ԥɴɴ١罤۽ŹˤΤҲ
ϢơȤˤĤơʲ hellog heldio Ǥ⤴Ҳ𤷤ƤޤΤǡҤˬ䤯
hellog #5357. пȤ --- إԥ줬١罤ۡ2023ǯˤᤰäơ ([2023-12-27-1])
heldio #934. إԥ줬١罤ۡ2023ǯ --- ԤΰпȤ̡
ѸˤˤϤ⤷꤬žäƤޤ
Wischer, Ilse. "Grammaticalization versus Lexicalization: 'Methinks' there is some confusion." Pathways of Change: Grammaticalization in English. Ed. Olga Fischer, Anette Rosenbach, and Dieter Stein. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2000. 355--70.
;ư (impersonal_verb) methinks ˤĤƤϡ#4308. ˻Ĥ;ư methinks ([2021-02-11-1])#204. ;ιʸ ([2009-11-17-1]) ʤɤǿƤ;ιʸ (impersonal construction) ǤϿ;μ줬ʤʸˡ夽ʸѤƤ;ưϤ3;ñ¸ߤȤƤ뤫Τ褦ʶȤ롥Ĥޤꡤ¿ˤߤ褦ˡľˡñǤС-s ʸŤ -eth) ȤȤȤˤʤ롥
ȤįƤȡ-s ʤɤλҲʤΤ롥Wischer (362) Helsinki Corpus 齦äѸζ̣ʸĤƤΤǡѤ褦
(10) þe þincheð þat he ne mihte his sinne forlete.
'It seems to you that he might not relinquish his sin.'
(MX/1 Ir Hom Trin 12, 73)
(11) Thy wombe is waxen grete, thynke me.
'Your womb has grown big. You seem to be pregnant.'
(M4 XX Myst York 119)
(12) My lord me thynketh / my lady here hath saide to you trouthe and gyuen yow good counseyl [...]
(M4 Ni Fict Reynard 54)
(13) I se on the firmament, Me thynk, the seven starnes.
(M4 XX Myst Town 25)
ҲȼäƤ̤㤬 (10) (12)ȼäƤʤ㳰ŪʤΤ (11) (13) Ǥ롥(11) ǤμͿ̾ me ֤ƤꡤȸηǡطƤ뤫Ȥ⵿줿(13) Ǥ Me ֤ƤΤǡȤǤʤOED methinks, v. Ҳȼʤ㤬ʤ餺ǧ졤ñʥ顼ǤϤʤ餷
ǤϸǡˤϤɤΤ褦طʤΤ1Ĥˤϡ;ιʸ I think ʤʸˡŪ -s ʤɤϤĤʤˤȤδ֤ǺƱäǽ롥⤦1ĥҥȤȤʤΤϡư줬ưޤγˤ̾˰פƤȲǤ㤬뤳ȤOED ǰѤƤ뼡ʸǤϡmethink'st thou art . . . . Ȥƶ̣㤬ǧ롥
a1616 Meethink'st thou art a generall offence, and euery man shold beate thee. (W. Shakespeare, All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. iii. 251)
ˡưβ3ñָȤϤʤΤǡưη֤ϻ¾ methought ˸ꤵ줽ºݤˤϸ߷ (analogy) ˴Ť֤Ȥܤ methoughts ⡤OED ˤȤϤ Shakespeare ʤɤ˸Ƥ롥
ɤ methinks ϡưȤƤϤƼŪʤȤ˰֤ŤѤԤΤ褦ȾüʸòȤ٤षԤòȤ٤ʬहΤ
Wischer, Ilse. "Grammaticalization versus Lexicalization: 'Methinks' there is some confusion." Pathways of Change: Grammaticalization in English. Ed. Olga Fischer, Anette Rosenbach, and Dieter Stein. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2000. 355--70.
methinks --- إ٤ΥեȤ櫓ޥǤ衼 (Yoda) ΥեǤСƤޤʤɽϡĤƤ;ư (impersonal_verb) ФǤ롥Ǥϡޥʳθȯ뤳ȤϤʤȤФǤʤ BNCweb Ǥϡ methought 碌ơ¤72㤬ҥåȤĤƤߤ褦
'Nay, on the contrary --- it is but the beginning methinks.'
'Heaven alone knows --- but --- the lady doth protest too much, methinks.'
Methinks the lady doth protest, as old Bill put it.'
'Methought you knew all about it,' pointed out Joan.
I was given the news last midnight and methought I would drown in the sorrow of my tears!'
äȤ⡤ʸ̮įФŪ뤤ϵŪˡʬΤǡޤʸŪˤͭɸɽȤäƤ褤
methinks ϡ̤ɽǤ I think (that) It seems to me (that) 롥Ūˤϡ1 me 1;ñ̾ͿʤǤꡤthinks "it seems" ̣űѸο;ư þynċan ˤΤܤ롥Ūˤ̣Ūˤ⸽Ѹ think ʻפͤˡʸűѸ þenċanˤȹƤꡤŤ鿼طˤϤ뤳Ȥϴְ㤤ʤOED ʤɤŪʼǤξưϤƤ̰ȤʤäƤΤǡ̤ƤȤ館ƤΤ褤
;ư졦ʸȤˤˤĤƤϡ#204. ;ιʸ ([2009-11-17-1]) դεɤǤñˤмᤷʤư졦ʸΤȤǤ롥ѸǤϡȤŪǤ졤ȤˤΩƤʤʸΩʤűѸѸǤϡΩƤɬפΤʤʤȤ⡤ΩƤ뤳ȤΤʤ˹ʸǤ¸ߤ줬άƤΤǤϤʤǽ餫ΩĤȤȤƤʤʸǤ롥Τ褦ʹʸǤϡѸǤмȤΩĤ褦ʻͿԤͿʤɽ㤨 I ǤϤʤ meˤΤŵŪǤ롥ʤ줬ʤˤ⤫餺ư3;ñб롥
methinks ϤΤ褦;ιʸŵǤꡤ٤⤤ˡͿ me ư thinks 夷 methinks ֤褦ˤʤäΤǤ롥ɤޤǤäƤŪ줬ʤΤǡѸȯۤʬϤ褦ȤȲȤ夫ʤΤºݤˤʬϤ뤳Ȥʤꤷե졼ȤƵƤˤʤ
Ƕᡤ;ưˤˤĤĴ٤ɬפޤ Helsinki Corpus ˤŪƤߤ뤳ȤˤԺ "\bm[ie]+c? ?(th|@t|@d)([eiy]ng?[ck]+|[ou]+([gh]|@g)*t)" ʤɽȤߡXML Helsinki Corpus Browser case-insensitive ǸˤꡤҤȤޤ authentic 㤬111ʥߤ⤢뤫⤷ʤˤ뤳ȤǤؿΤϡҤ
;ιʸ ( impersonal construction ) ȤϰǤСŪΤʤʸǤ롥줬ϤʤΤ˾άƤ빽ʸǤϤʤǽ餫ȤʤʸΤȤǤ롥;ιʸȤʤ롤ŪᤷʤưΤȤ;ư ( impersonal verb ) ȸƤ֡
;ưϡ־ϻ;ñȤäμϤʤ̣μˤϡͿʤгʤѤ줿ޤ;ưǤϡŤ it ȼȤä
;ưϡűѸǤ40ĤꡤѸǤϥե줫μѸ줬ä;ιʸϡѸʹߤ˿ष it Ѥ빽ʸ;ιʸִ졤˻äƤ롥
űѸѸ줫Ĥ褦ʻͤΤᡤʸβб븽 gloss Ĥ¿ξ硤ΤޤޤǤϸѸȤʸˡŪǤ롥
(1) ŷư
þa rinde hit, and þær comon flod(OE)
"then rained it, and there came the floods"
norþan sniwde(OE)
"from the north snowed" ( = "it snowed from the north" )
(2) ư
siððen him hingrode(OE)
"afterward hungered to-him" ( = "afterward he became hungry" )
me ðyncð betre(OE)
"to-me thinks better" ( = "it seems better to me" )
me lyst rædan(OE)
"to-me pleases to-read" ( = "it pleases me to read" )
Hir thoughte that a lady sholde hire spare(ME)
"to-her thought that a lady should spare herself" ( = "it seemed to her that a lady should spare herself" )
(3) ¾
me wære betra gan(OE)
"to-me were better to-go" ( = "it would be better for me to go" )
Hym boes serve himselve that has na swayn(ME)
"to-him behooves to-serve himself that has no servant" ( = "it behooves one that has no servant to serve himself" )
ʤѸˤ⡤μ礤;ιʸȤƲŪ˻ĤäƤɽĤ롥
The opening hours are as follows: . . . .
As regards the point you've just made, . . . .
I will act as seems best.
Methinks you're changed so much.
ƣ ͺرѸ硡ʸˡΥ롼Ĥõ١ҡ2002ǯ106--08.
رѸ١ؽDz2005ǯ. 171--73ǡ
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