3ۤΤȤˤʤޤ530ʶˤ YouTube ʸ麽սPLUS ͥˤơԤ2ˤ錄ֱѸ˴ؤѤʵפʤѸˤƳȡޤեʥζƣᤵȤȤˡ60ʬۤɤäƤޤȤ櫓ϡäۤ¿˻İƤդǻİ10ĶƤޤ
ʸ麽սPLUSɤ伫Ȥ⡤ͽ۳ΤȤ˶äĤĤ⡤ؤꡤ®2Ƥδ褬Ω夬ޤ2Ƥ8ܤ˼Ͽ塤821ڡˤ7ˤԤ20˸Ԥ줾쥪ޤ
ǤΥͥϡ2ƤԤȤʤޤ֡ڱѸ go βϤʤ went ʤΤ۸űѸ -ed Ե§ư줬ǥեȡäʤ֤ʤפ֤ʤפ you ɽΤHe likesĻñˤϤʤ s դꤷơ27ʬۤɤäޤʲʬåꥹȤǺܤޤ
(1) 00:00 --- ץ˥
(2) 02:25 --- ʤԵ§ưѤΤ
(3) 13:51 --- ʤ you ñǤʣǤ⤢Τ
(4) 20:15 --- ʤñˡ-sפĤΤ
(5) 25:23 --- ͽ
1Ƥ˰³ֱѸ˴ؤѤʵ (sobokunagimon) ѸˤδȤݤΥȡȤʤäƤޤұѸˤ̥ϤƤС
¤ءˤˡƱؤdz֤ƤҲμȤˤޤ꤬Ȥޤ˼ֳγʤɤνǡ֤ܥΥå (senbonknock) Ԥޤꤵ2ͤǤΥ饤Τ褦ܥΥåȤʤޤ䤬ӽФ80ʬۤɤΥƥʥåȤʤޤ
μȤΰϽ Voicy heldio ǼϿޤΤȾȸȾʬơۿޤʲ˳Ƽ䤪бץʬäޤ
Ⱦ48ʬ #1284. Ѹ˴ؤѤʵ䡡ܥΥå at --- Part 1
(1) Chapter 2, 03:55 --- ȯΥȤʤΤǤĤϤޤʸˤ륢Ȥ¸߰յϡ
(2) Chapter 3, 04:58 --- ʤܸˤϡֻס͡סֲפʤ1;Τ¿θΤǤ
(3) Chapter 4, 00:03 --- ܸˤ褦ϱѸˤ¸ߤΤǤʡּפء
(4) Chapter 4, 04:40 --- ʤ you ˤϡ֤ʤפȡ֤ʤפξΰ̣ΤǤ
(5) Chapter 5, 02:57 --- ʤ3ñ -s ĤΤǤ
(6) Chapter 5, 01:26 --- 㤦²ʤΤ˻ƤϤޤʸζ̡θοء
ڸȾ35ʬ #1287. ؤܥΥå with (2)
(7) Chapter 2, 00:05 --- ǽ2Ĥθʹ֤ïǤ
(8) Chapter 2, 02:57 --- ζ̸뤳Ȥϼ¸ǽǤ
(9) Chapter 3, 03:35 --- ǽ˱Ѹ줬ܤäƤȤɤΤ褦ǤΤǤ
(10) Chapter 3, 02:51 --- ѸΤ褦ʤΤ¾ˤ⤢ΤǤ
(11) Chapter 4, 00:46 --- ܸΥХȷɸΤ褦ʤΤϱѸˤ⤢ޤ
(12) Chapter 5, 00:00 --- ʤѸˤ say, speak, tell ʤɡָפ̣ñ줬¿ΤǤ
ȤȤ⡤ꤵȤ heldio ۿ٥ȤȤʤޤ꤬Ȥޤ
ΤȤˤʤޤ925ʿˤ Voicy heldio ˤ#1214. khelf Ĺ ŷ it äƲ #Ѹ˥饤2024פۿޤkhelf ΥС濴礤˵夬ޤkhelf helwa ǤϡΤ褦ʱѸ̵ӻǤꡤ⤢ޤ̤˸Ƥߤޤ顤¿˥åʥνĤȤƴǡʡˤ褦ǡФ¤ǤʴǡhelŸƤޤ
ʤ It rains. ʤΤȤᤰäƤϡŪƤ櫓ǤϤޤषȤ̵ΤڤǤޤȤݤδǤ⡤ꥹʡˤä夬äƤޤΤǡҤɤߤ
ܥ֥ǤϡϢʲεǼ夲Ƥޤ
#4208. It rains. ϹټԺߤǡֹ߱פۤɤΰա ([2020-11-03-1])
#4210. ;Τνи3;Τ˻Ϥޤꡤ12;ΤؤŸ ([2020-11-05-1])
#4211. ϡֽ̤פֹټԤꤹפء ([2020-11-06-1])
ޤϿΤʤǤƤޤkhelf ˤرѸ˿ʹ92023ǯ512ȯԡˤ1̲Ǥŷ it äƤʤפȤƼ夲Ƥޤ
ͥˤ30ʬϡǵ³줿ȻפޤޤǡֱѸ˥饤2024פΤʤǤΤȤȤʤޤ
#5385. methinks ˤޤĤ̯ʸĤҲ ([2024-01-24-1]) ȡ#5386. Ѹ˾夭˳ʤ3ñ -s ([2024-01-25-1]) ǿ줿褦ˡѸˤ methoughts Ȥʸˡ˾ʤȤ̯ư֤ޤʤΤ -s դȤäθǤ
ϡmethoughts νѸ EEBO corpus ȴФƤߤޤʥ饤Υƥȥեˡ10ǯߤǤΥҥåȿϡ̤Ǥ
| ALL | 1600s | 1610s | 1620s | 1630s | 1640s | 1650s | 1660s | 1670s | 1680s | 1690s | |
| METHOUGHTS | 184 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 18 | 37 | 75 | 41 |
ε#5385. methinks ˤޤĤ̯ʸĤҲ ([2024-01-24-1]) θȾǾޤѸȾФ methoughts ʤ̯ʷ֤뤳Ȥޤľˡ3;ΡñĤޤ3ñ -sפȤ˳ʤθǤ٤ϾܤĴ٤ƤޤOED ˤȡShakespeare ФȤ1718ȾФˤ㤬ʸڤ褦ǤѸ˾夭˳ʤǤꡤͤι⤤֤ȤޤʱѸ˸Ԥ϶ʳޤˡ
OED methinks, v. ΰ۷ˤ γ η֤ȤƷǤƤ5ĤʸѤޤ
a1616 Me thoughts that I had broken from the Tower. (W. Shakespeare, Richard III (1623) i. iv. 9)
1620 The draught of a Landskip on a piece of paper, me thoughts masterly done. (H. Wotton, Letter in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 413)
1673 I had..coyned several new English Words, which were onely such French Words as methoughts had a fine Tone wieh them. (F. Kirkman, Unlucky Citizen 181)
1711 Methoughts I was transported into a Country that was filled with Prodigies. (J. Addison, Spectator No. 63. ¶3)
1751 The inward Satisfaction which I felt, had spread in my Eyes I know not what of melting and passionate, which methoughts I had never before observed. (translation of Female Foundling vol. I. 30)
methoughts ٤ܤĴ٤ƤɬפޤĤ㤬ʸڤƤʾ塤ñʤ륨顼ǺѤޤ櫓ˤϤޤη֤طʤˤΤϡְ㤤ʤ3ñη֤٤ι⤤ methinks Ǥ礦methinks (analogy) ˤꡤˤ -s դ줿ȹͤޤդˤСΤ褦䤷üԤϡ߷ methinks -s 3ñ -s ȤǧƤʤäȤޤ¾ưǤ3ñ -s λ㤬Τݤ䤬鼡ؤͯФƤޤ
¤Ϥ methoughts Ȥ̯ʲ¸ߤˤĤƺǽ˶ƤΤϡƱνΥԥԤǤпʷʸʸ칶ˤǤηаޤϡ YouTube ְͥʼδѸظإͥפˤƴñˤäޤ#195. пإԥ줬 --- ԥڤ߿Ԥɴɴ١罤۽ŹˤΤҲ
ϢơȤˤĤơʲ hellog heldio Ǥ⤴Ҳ𤷤ƤޤΤǡҤˬ䤯
hellog #5357. пȤ --- إԥ줬١罤ۡ2023ǯˤᤰäơ ([2023-12-27-1])
heldio #934. إԥ줬١罤ۡ2023ǯ --- ԤΰпȤ̡
ѸˤˤϤ⤷꤬žäƤޤ
Wischer, Ilse. "Grammaticalization versus Lexicalization: 'Methinks' there is some confusion." Pathways of Change: Grammaticalization in English. Ed. Olga Fischer, Anette Rosenbach, and Dieter Stein. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2000. 355--70.
;ư (impersonal_verb) methinks ˤĤƤϡ#4308. ˻Ĥ;ư methinks ([2021-02-11-1])#204. ;ιʸ ([2009-11-17-1]) ʤɤǿƤ;ιʸ (impersonal construction) ǤϿ;μ줬ʤʸˡ夽ʸѤƤ;ưϤ3;ñ¸ߤȤƤ뤫Τ褦ʶȤ롥Ĥޤꡤ¿ˤߤ褦ˡľˡñǤС-s ʸŤ -eth) ȤȤȤˤʤ롥
ȤįƤȡ-s ʤɤλҲʤΤ롥Wischer (362) Helsinki Corpus 齦äѸζ̣ʸĤƤΤǡѤ褦
(10) þe þincheð þat he ne mihte his sinne forlete.
'It seems to you that he might not relinquish his sin.'
(MX/1 Ir Hom Trin 12, 73)
(11) Thy wombe is waxen grete, thynke me.
'Your womb has grown big. You seem to be pregnant.'
(M4 XX Myst York 119)
(12) My lord me thynketh / my lady here hath saide to you trouthe and gyuen yow good counseyl [...]
(M4 Ni Fict Reynard 54)
(13) I se on the firmament, Me thynk, the seven starnes.
(M4 XX Myst Town 25)
ҲȼäƤ̤㤬 (10) (12)ȼäƤʤ㳰ŪʤΤ (11) (13) Ǥ롥(11) ǤμͿ̾ me ֤ƤꡤȸηǡطƤ뤫Ȥ⵿줿(13) Ǥ Me ֤ƤΤǡȤǤʤOED methinks, v. Ҳȼʤ㤬ʤ餺ǧ졤ñʥ顼ǤϤʤ餷
ǤϸǡˤϤɤΤ褦طʤΤ1Ĥˤϡ;ιʸ I think ʤʸˡŪ -s ʤɤϤĤʤˤȤδ֤ǺƱäǽ롥⤦1ĥҥȤȤʤΤϡư줬ưޤγˤ̾˰פƤȲǤ㤬뤳ȤOED ǰѤƤ뼡ʸǤϡmethink'st thou art . . . . Ȥƶ̣㤬ǧ롥
a1616 Meethink'st thou art a generall offence, and euery man shold beate thee. (W. Shakespeare, All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. iii. 251)
ˡưβ3ñָȤϤʤΤǡưη֤ϻ¾ methought ˸ꤵ줽ºݤˤϸ߷ (analogy) ˴Ť֤Ȥܤ methoughts ⡤OED ˤȤϤ Shakespeare ʤɤ˸Ƥ롥
ɤ methinks ϡưȤƤϤƼŪʤȤ˰֤ŤѤԤΤ褦ȾüʸòȤ٤षԤòȤ٤ʬहΤ
Wischer, Ilse. "Grammaticalization versus Lexicalization: 'Methinks' there is some confusion." Pathways of Change: Grammaticalization in English. Ed. Olga Fischer, Anette Rosenbach, and Dieter Stein. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2000. 355--70.
methinks --- إ٤ΥեȤ櫓ޥǤ衼 (Yoda) ΥեǤСƤޤʤɽϡĤƤ;ư (impersonal_verb) ФǤ롥Ǥϡޥʳθȯ뤳ȤϤʤȤФǤʤ BNCweb Ǥϡ methought 碌ơ¤72㤬ҥåȤĤƤߤ褦
'Nay, on the contrary --- it is but the beginning methinks.'
'Heaven alone knows --- but --- the lady doth protest too much, methinks.'
Methinks the lady doth protest, as old Bill put it.'
'Methought you knew all about it,' pointed out Joan.
I was given the news last midnight and methought I would drown in the sorrow of my tears!'
äȤ⡤ʸ̮įФŪ뤤ϵŪˡʬΤǡޤʸŪˤͭɸɽȤäƤ褤
methinks ϡ̤ɽǤ I think (that) It seems to me (that) 롥Ūˤϡ1 me 1;ñ̾ͿʤǤꡤthinks "it seems" ̣űѸο;ư þynċan ˤΤܤ롥Ūˤ̣Ūˤ⸽Ѹ think ʻפͤˡʸűѸ þenċanˤȹƤꡤŤ鿼طˤϤ뤳Ȥϴְ㤤ʤOED ʤɤŪʼǤξưϤƤ̰ȤʤäƤΤǡ̤ƤȤ館ƤΤ褤
;ư졦ʸȤˤˤĤƤϡ#204. ;ιʸ ([2009-11-17-1]) դεɤǤñˤмᤷʤư졦ʸΤȤǤ롥ѸǤϡȤŪǤ졤ȤˤΩƤʤʸΩʤűѸѸǤϡΩƤɬפΤʤʤȤ⡤ΩƤ뤳ȤΤʤ˹ʸǤ¸ߤ줬άƤΤǤϤʤǽ餫ΩĤȤȤƤʤʸǤ롥Τ褦ʹʸǤϡѸǤмȤΩĤ褦ʻͿԤͿʤɽ㤨 I ǤϤʤ meˤΤŵŪǤ롥ʤ줬ʤˤ⤫餺ư3;ñб롥
methinks ϤΤ褦;ιʸŵǤꡤ٤⤤ˡͿ me ư thinks 夷 methinks ֤褦ˤʤäΤǤ롥ɤޤǤäƤŪ줬ʤΤǡѸȯۤʬϤ褦ȤȲȤ夫ʤΤºݤˤʬϤ뤳Ȥʤꤷե졼ȤƵƤˤʤ
Ƕᡤ;ưˤˤĤĴ٤ɬפޤ Helsinki Corpus ˤŪƤߤ뤳ȤˤԺ "\bm[ie]+c? ?(th|@t|@d)([eiy]ng?[ck]+|[ou]+([gh]|@g)*t)" ʤɽȤߡXML Helsinki Corpus Browser case-insensitive ǸˤꡤҤȤޤ authentic 㤬111ʥߤ⤢뤫⤷ʤˤ뤳ȤǤؿΤϡҤ
ѸβˡǤϡƻʸߤȲˤľˡˤߤ褦ʿ;ѲߤޤˡߤǤϿ;Ρʤӿˤˤ餺ưϸΤΤǤˡǤ;Ρʤӿˤˤ餺ŵŪ -ed ǽľˡƱ֤Ѥޤ
äȤ⡤ͤƤߤľˡǤ3;ñߤ -(e)s ٤ǤΤǡѸǤϿ;ѲŪ˵Ȥޤbe ưϿ;ѲʣǤľˡˤƤϿ;Ρʤӿˤ˱ƸǤ is, am, are ̤졤Ǥ were, were ̤뤫ǤˡˤƤϸǤѤ be Ѥ졤ȤʤѤ were ѤޤʸǤϲˡ If I were you . . . ʤ If I was you . . . Τ褦ǽǤʸˡǤ were Ѥ뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤˡbe ưᤰüˤĤƤϡ#2600. űѸ be ưζޡ ([2016-06-09-1])#2601. ʤ If I WERE a bird ʤΤ ([2016-06-10-1])#3284. be ưü ([2018-04-24-1])#3812. was were δط ([2019-10-04-1])ˤȤ
ѸˤδҤȤƤΤϡʤˡˤϾ嵭̤;ѲڤߤʤΤȤǤˡŪˤ³ˡ (subjunctive) ȸƤФΤǡϸԤѸȤäƤޤѸ to love ʱɽˤϢʤűѸư lufian ο;ѲɽʺɽˤįƤߤޤ礦
| űѸ lufian | ľˡ | ³ˡ | Ѹ love | ľˡ | ³ˡ | |||||||
| ?????? | ???? | ?????? | ???? | ?????? | ???? | ?????? | ???? | |||||
| | 1; | lufie | lufiaþ | lufie | lufien | | 1; | love | love | love | ||
| 2人称 | lufast | 2人称 | ||||||||||
| 3人称 | lufaþ | 3人称 | loves | |||||||||
| 1; | lufode | lufoden | lufode | lufoden | 1; | loved | loved | |||||
| 2人称 | lufodest | 2人称 | ||||||||||
| 3人称 | lufode | 3人称 | ||||||||||
ɸϡѸ˷ˤƤŪʹͤǤ롥ѸǡԵ§פȾΤŪʸݤ¿ϡĤƤϡֵ§פ1äȤȤǤ롥Феդޤʤǡֺε§ϺԵ§פȤȤ¿§ (regular) Ե§ (irregular) ȤϡŪˤϸߤʬۤˤ餫˶̤Ǥ뤳Ȥ¿ΤŪȤϤ뤬ŪˤХݥؤ뤳Ȥ¿ȤŪʶ̤Ǥ롥
θ§Ҥ٤ƤΤ Fortson (69--70) ΰѤǤ롥Ӹ (comparative_linguistics) κƷ (reconstruction) μˡȤδϢǡŪʰ⤤ȤʤäƤ롥
A guiding principle in historical morphology is that one should reconstruct morphology based on the irregular and exceptional forms, for these are most likely to be archaic and to preserve older patterns. Regular or predictable forms (like the Eng. 3rd singular present takes or the past tense thawed) are generated using the productive morphological rules of the language, and have no claim to being old; but irregular forms (like Eng. is, sang) must be memorized, generation after generation, and have a much greater chance of harking back to an earlier stage of a language's history. (The forms is and sang, in fact, directly continue forms in PIE itself.
ѸˤԵ§ʸݤǧ֤ĤƤϤष§ŪäΤ⤷ʤפ䤦ƤߤȤ褤ƤŪˤϤ̤Ǥ롥դˡʤϲεͯʤ§Ūʸݤ˻פڤƤߤƤۤˤäƤϡϤĤƤԵ§ʸݤɤ櫓ˤβǰ̲褦ˤʤä⤷ʤȡ˸Ūȯۤζ˰դ롥θ§ϱѸˤ⡤ܸˤ⡤¾Τɤθˤ褯ƤϤޤ롥
ֺԵ§Ϻε§פϡˤȤޤʤǤ줿ˤĤơѸˤ鼡ȡ
Ե§פ̾ʣ (ex. feet, geese, lice, men, mice, teeth, women) (cf. #3638.رѸ춵٤Ϣ2֤ʤԵ§ʣΤס ([2019-04-13-1]))
Ե§פưγ (ex. sing -- sang -- sung) (cf. #3670.رѸ춵٤Ϣ3֤ʤԵ§ưѤΤס ([2019-05-15-1]))
3ñ -s (cf. ѸϢ2֤ʤ3ñ -s դΤ)
Fortson IV, Benjamin W. "An Approach to Semantic Change." Chapter 21 of The Handbook of Historical Linguistics. Ed. Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda. Blackwell, 2003. 648--66.
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