ɽ2ĤνϡѸ˾礭ʱƶϤäѸǽ줿ʸǤ롥Ĥ䤫ѿۤǹϤĤΤǡơ1դΥͿƤʲåʸɤǡˡ
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| Book of Common Prayer (Of Matrimonie) | King James Bible (Title-page) |
The British Library "English Timeline" ȤѸ˳ؽѥƥĤƤ롥#1456. John Walker A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary (1791) ([2013-04-22-1]) ǴϢĥä٤įƤȤʤʤ⤷ܲʤɤΥƼǥΥƥĤ˭٤ǡȤΩ
ƱͤˡϢ륳ƥĤȤ Words for time travellers ⤢롥ƥȡ齬ΤĤƤΤ⤢ꡤȤƻȤ㤨СChaucer ˤĤ4ڡΥƥĤꡤʲΤ褦ʹˤʤäƤ롥
(1) Chaucer's English - page 1: Caxton Ǥ The Canterbury Tales ƥȤȼܲǺ
(2) Chaucer - page 2: ƥȤñˤ
(3) Chaucer - page 3: ñ˴ؤ齬
(4) Chaucer - page 4: β
#18. Ѹˤ饤dzؽǤ륵ȡ ([2009-05-16-1]) ǾҲ𤷤 BBC Ages of English Timeline ȤȤˡѸˤγؽˤɤ
ε#1846. Pearl Υ֡ ([2014-05-17-1]) ܤ˴ؤ륪饤õƤǡBritish Library Digitised Manuscripts Search our Catalogue Archives and Manuscripts ˹ԤäؿΤѸμܲƤߤȡ⤳ƤΤȯ롥
BL ˤ⤦1ĤκǿμܲؤΥȤƤϡBL Medieval and Earlier Digitised Manuscripts Master List 10.04.13. (XLS) ͭΥ顤Ȥ櫓ѸμܤȤƽפȻפΤؤΥȴФΤǡʲˤޤȤƤ
Add MS 40165 A, Cyprian epistles and Old English Martyrology fragments
Add MS 59678, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur
Add MS 60577, Miscellany of verse and prose (the 'Winchester Anthology')
Add MS 61823, The Book of Margery Kempe
Arundel MS 57, Michael of Northgate, Ayenbite of Inwyt
Cotton MS Claudius B IV, Old English Hexateuch (imperfect)
Cotton MS Cleopatra C VI, Ancrene Riwle; songs and prayers; a leaf from a Book of Hours
Cotton MS Nero D IV, Lindisfarne Gospels
Cotton MS Vespasian A I, The Vespasian Psalter
Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, Augustine of Hippo, Soliloquia; Marvels of the East; Beowulf; Judith, etc.
Harley MS 2253, Miscellany of English, French, and Latin works ('The Harley Lyrics')
Harley MS 4866, Thomas Hoccleve, The Regiment of Princes
Harley MS 7334, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales
Royal MS 14 C IX, Ranulph Higden's Polychronicon
Royal MS 7 D X, The Prayerbook of Princess Elizabeth
ϡ#1429. Ѹˤ˴Ϣ BL μ ([2013-03-26-1])#1431. Gelderen αѸ˳Υ ([2013-03-28-1])#1293. Sir Orfeo δϢȡ ([2012-11-10-1])#744. Auchinleck MS ν ([2011-05-11-1]) ˤĥäƤΤǡ碌ƻȤ줿
ʸ Pearl Andrew and Waldron ǤɤǤ롥Cleanness, patience, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ȤȤ̵̾λͤˤä14Ⱦǽ줿ʤǤ롥 British Library MS Cotton Nero A.x ˤΤ߸¸̾ʤ
ܤʤɴϢ¿뤳ȤǤ뤬ʲǤϼȤƥ־ΥإĥäƤ
[ Żҥƥ ]
Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse ꡤ1953ǯ (Pearl. Ed. E. V. Gordon. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953) ˴Ť Digitised Text of Pearl ǽ
TEAMS: Middle English Texts Υƥ Pearl by Robbins Library Digital Projects ǤϡʸȤȤ˸դƤ롥Pearl: Introduction ΥڡǤϡȥȴϢ롥
Pearl by Bill Stanton ǤϡȥΤۤʸȸѸŻҥƥȤǤ롥
[ ܲ ]
The Cotton Nero A.x Project ΥȤ Browse the Manuscript Images ꡤPearl Manuscript βեDZ뤳ȤǤ롥
[ Ϣ ]
Entry for "Pearl" in Middle English Compendium HyperBibliography
ˤ Cotton Nero A.x. Project ꡤWeb Resources for Pearl-poet Study: A Vetted Selection Ȥͭѡ
Pearl (poem) by Wikipedia Ǥϡ郎Ωġ
Ǹˡ饤 MED ѤơPearl ΰѤޤȥؤΥֹ¤٤ƤΤǡƥȤɤߤʤθȤƻȤ롥A Pearl Glossary Derived from MED Entries ꥢ
Andrew, Malcolm and Ronald Waldron, eds. The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript. 3rd ed. Exeter: U of Exeter P, 2002.
ѸȤ18˱ѸεϤäĿ̾ȸ줿顤ֻˤ Samuel Johnson (1709--84)ʸˡ Robert Lowth (1710-87)Ǥȯï
ϡJohn Walker (1732--1807) Ǥ롥路 A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary (1791) ϡҤȯ18Υꥹ̱˳Τƻ٤Ϳǰʹߡ100ǰʾŤͤƿ͵ƤǤ "Elocution Walker" ȸƤФޤǤ˻ä18 Walker 夵Ťϩϡ1920ˤǧȯ (RP = Received Pronunciation) ߽ФפɸѸˤޤ礭ʱƶڤܤƤ롥
ɽˤäĹ"A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor of the English Language: to which are prefixed Principles of English Pronunciation: Rules to be Observed by the Natives of Scotland, Ireland, and London, for Avoiding their Respective Peculiarities; and Directions to Foreigners for Acquiring a Knowledge of the Use of this Dictionary." ɽɽȤꡤɥ濴˶ŤǤޤäϼǤ롥ʸǤɥȯ "undoubtedly the best" ǸƤ뤬ɥȤϤäƤ Cockney ȯ㳰Ǥꡤåȥɤ䥢ɤȯ礤˽Фʤ Cockney "a thousand times more offensive and disgusting" ȵƤƤ롥
Walker μȯϼ¤˾ܺ٤ǡ㤨 drama θ22ۤɤǽäƤ뤬ȯ770˵ڤ־ܤϿ36,600ϡ饤Х뼭Ȥ⤤ Thomas Sheridan A General Dictionary of the English Language (1780) 38,000ˤϾڤФʤȯξܺ٤Ӥˤʤʤ
British Library English Timeline ˤ Walker's correct pronunciation ꡤФ "BACK" ǻϤޤ뼭ΥڡǤ롥ʾ塤Crystal (52) ӻ߷ (19--20) ȤƼɮ
ˤĤƤϡ#571. orthoepy ([2010-11-19-1]) ȡ
Crystal, David. Evolving English: One Language, Many Voices. London: The British Library, 2010.
߷ ˧ͺԡˡؼѸ졦١ұѸʸꡡ8ҡ2006ǯ
դ𤲤ͭ̾Ѹβ Sumer is icumen in ˤĤơβΤˤĤƤϡ#1221. ˡ ([2012-08-30-1]) Ǥñ˿졤#1429. Ѹˤ˴Ϣ BL μ ([2013-03-26-1]) BL ͭܲإĥä٤äϤ⤦ܤƤߤ

Spring has come Ѹǥե졼ǻϤޤ뤳βΤϡѸǽ줿ΤΤʤǤǤ褯ΤƤ롥Berkshire Reading Abbey ǽƻΤˤäԤޤ줿 (British Library Harley MS 978, f. 11v) ˼ƤꡤեȥƥΥƥȤ˺äͣαѸƥȤǤ롥ѸΤǸŤؾ (rota or round) Ǥ⤢ꡤܤ̤Τʤ֤Ǽʬ鼡βΤ꤬ΤϤ롥Ǹ2ԡֻ pes ȼƤʬˤ㲻ѡȤɽ路¿6ˤΤȤǤ롥αѸβλβˤֻΥƥǥꥹȤμ˴ؤƥȤƤ뤬ΧˤϤޤäƤʤޤȾʬˤϹΥƥǡؾβΤλؼƤ롥褬ȤꡤΧȲλ碌Ʋξ뤳ȤǽǤꡤߤǤCDȯ䤵Ƥ롥
λΥƥȤ1225--50ǯκȤ졤Χ1310ǯȤƤ롥꤫ǤϤʤưζ -þ ˤꡤʤȤϽ롥LAEME ܺ⻲ȡ
ʲϡѸդβλƥȡ
| Sumer is icumen in· | Spring has come in. | |
| Lhude sing cucu· | Loudly sing, cuckoo! | |
| Groweþ sed and bloweþ med | Seed grows and meadow blooms | |
| And springþ þe wde nu· | And the forest springs up now. | |
| Sing cuccu | Sing, cuckoo! | |
| Awe bleteþ after lomb· | Ewe bleats after lamb, | |
| Lhouþ after calue cu· | Cow lows after calf, | |
| Bulluc sterteþ· bucke uerteþ | Bullock leaps, buck farts. | |
| Murie sing cuccu· | Merrily sing, cuckoo! | |
| Cuccu cuccu | Cuckoo, cuckoo, | |
| Wel singes þu cuccu. | You sing well, cuckoo. | |
| Ne swik þu nauer nu· | Nor cease you never now! | |
| Sing cuccu nu· sing cuccu· | Sing cuckoo now, sing cuckoo! | |
| Sing cuccu· sing cuccu nu· | Sing cuckoo, sing cuckoo now! |
The British Library Online Gallery ꡤѸˤ˴ϢβʤȤˤؤΥƤߤ褽1ĤˤĤƤϡ֥饦ǥڡ褦ˤƼܤ䴩ܤβ˱Ǥ륵ӥƤ롥Online Gallery 饵ǽѤСȷФʪФƤǤ롥
Bede's History of the English Church and People μܲ
Beowulf μܲ
The Lindisfarne Gospels μܲܤäɤ륵ӥ⤢ꡥ
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle μܲ
Magna Carta β(See also Treasures in Full: Magna Carta, as mentioned in [2011-06-08-1].)
'Sumer is icumen in' μܲ
Geoffrey Chaucer's 'The Canterbury Tales' μܲ
Thomas Malory's 'Le Morte Darthur' μܲ
William Caxton's Chaucer: 'The Canterbury Tales' δܲ
William Tyndale's New Testament μܲ
Princess Elizabeth's letter μ국
King James Bible δܲܤäɤ륵ӥ⤢ꡥ
Shakespeare's First Folio δܲ
ѹʸˡʤ̳ΤMagna Carta ס1215ǯThe Great Charterˡס1628ǯThe Petition of Rightˡŵס1689ǯThe Bill of Rightsˤ3Ĥδˡŵ2Ĥ϶17λʪǽϤ13ȤʤᤤäȤϤˡŵȤƹ⤤ɾͿΤ17ΤȤǤꡤΡˤη굯פη̤Ȥ٤Ǥ롥Ǥ⡤13ɹˤ Magna Carta ᤰäƷ깭ƤȤϳΤǤ롥
̤ˤä John ϡ㲦 Henry II Richard I ͭƤեιڤˤäƼä1204ǯΥΥޥǥӼä˼ˤɤΦΰؤȲŪȤʤäʤνϡ2ˤ錄륤ɤǤΥեοȱѸδŪʷȤʤäƤꡤѸˤˤȤäƤ礭ˡθ John ϥե Philip II åԤΤ襤ĩब1214ǯ̤֡襤Ԥʤ롥 Richard I ³ݤΤνǤ˶줷ǤˤȤäơJohn ⳰μѤΤȤʤꡤĤ1215ǯ²ΰ John 緯Ȥߤʤʤݤ롥ϤʤͤΩƤʬҤä礤ʸƥǽ줿ζʸϡƥॺ Runnymede ˤ1215ǯ615Ĵȯۤ줿
ֽ (The Articles of the Barons) ȸƤФ줿ζƤ63ʤ뻨¿ǤꡤŪϴʤJohn ؤζŪľŪܤǤꡤ줿褦ΩäȤտޤϤʤääơḽϤι⤤ɾϤ̣DzǤŪǤ⤢ΤʸˤäCԤ¤ä褦Ȥȡ䴷Ĵ줿ȤŪյ礭
John ϤζʸĴϤʤ餹տޤϤʤľ˥ Innocent III ̵ȤƤޤä1216ǯˤ John »षᡤ²ϷѤ Henry III ΤȤǶʸǺȯԤ1217ǯ1225ǯˤ⽤ǤȯԤ졤ʹߡ1225ǯǤӤӳǧƤ椯Ȥˤʤ롥ä1297ǯ Edward I ˤǧϽפǡMagna Carta ˡϿ˼뤳ȤˤʤäʸȽ̤Ƹξ礭̤ȤȤϡ¤Ϥʤ17˺ѤʥƤӳФޤ졤ʰյդ줿ȤȤǤ롥
ơѸ The Great CharterܸϡפϤ줾ƥ Magna Carta ǡˤʸ餷 Magna 뤤 Great ϡ衤ȤƤΰ礵ɽ魯ΤǤϤʤŪ礭Ҥƻˤʤä1217ǯνǤǡӤ˴ؤबڤΥΩָӷϡ (The Charter of the Forest) Ȥ줿ΤǡĤʬϡפȤ̾ΤǸƤФ뤳ȤˤʤäˤʤǤϡ[2011-05-01-1]εpanda BritainפǻŦ giant panda Great Britain ȤޤäƱǤ롥
Magna Carta ˤĤƤϡThe British Library Treasures in Full: Magna Carta ܤMagna Carta ޥǥdzؤ٤롥
ʸ嵭2013/03/28(Thu)Ʊ BL β⤹Ф餷
إҥȥꥫ롦ɡꥹǡ١2000ǯ47--52ǡ
ɸδѶ礬롥ʸ̤ˤϡɤ߾夲줿פŪˡ֡ʿƤҶФơ˸Ȥʤȼ뤾ȷٹ𤹤פۤɤΰ̣ɽ魯
δѶεϥꥹ The Riot Act פȯۤ줿1715ǯ̤롥James II ʹߡStuart ī˾ॸ㥳Х ( The Jacobites ) εǯȿ ( the Fifteen Rebellion ) ľꤵ줿ˡǡ12ͰʾνޤԲʽϤäФƤˡɤ߾夲1֤ͱͽͿ졤δ֤˻ʤȽź˽褻줿ˡ1973ǯѻߤƤ뤬ŪɽȤƤ read the Riot Act Ϻ³Ƥ롥ǥȤƤν1819ǯ: "She has just run out to read the riot act in the Nursery."
Υݥ19ΤΤǤϤ뤬ɤΤ褦ʥݥŽդ뤳Ȥǽ˲̿ФͻҤ롥ΥݥϡThe British Library dz Evolving English: One Language, Many Voices θƤʪ1ġ
Ѹǵ줿¸ǸŤʸϡΥ Anglo-Frisian ϤΥ롼ʸ ( the runic alphabet ) ǹޤ줿ûʸǤ롥1982ǯ Suffolk Undley ȯ줿ľ2.3cmζΥ ( the Undley bracteate ) ˹ޤƤꡤǯϵ450--80ǯΤΤȤ롥ޥ Angles, Saxons, Jutes 餬Φ֥ƥذܽƤˡȰ˳ϤäƤΤȹͤ롥βϡThe British Museum ΥǸ뤳ȤǤ롥
֤äƬβǻϵͤοʹ֤ͿƤ롥餫Υ Romulus Remus οä۵μϡ̤Ⱦʬۤɤˤƥ롼ʸ麸˹ޤƤ롥Τ3줫ʤûʸǡȸζڤϾŴݤǼƤ롥ž̤ȰʲΤ褦ɤ롥
( u d e m æ g æ m æg og æg )
= gægogæ mægæ medu
= ?she-wolf reward to kinsman
= This she-wolf is a reward to my kinsman
Τ褦ʻϤ뤬ܺ٤ʬäƤʤä˺ǽθ gægogæ ϰ̣Ǥꡤʲζ餷Ʋ餫μŪ귿Ȥ롥
줬1500ǯǺǤפȤʤΡ¸ǸŤεϿǤ롥
David Crystal ƸȤޤήƴưȤΥˤĤƤϡCrystal ˤưˤȴϢ⤪ᡥThe British Library 1112ǯ43ޤdzƤѸŸ Evolving English: One Language, Many Voices θƤʪ1ĤǤ
Crystal, David. The English Language. 2nd ed. London: Penguin, 2002. 181.
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