2022ǯΥꥹޥǤλαѸǤΡֻΰפϡ鷺Ȥ줿 Merry Christmas! Ǥ͡ꥸʥη (I wish you a) merry Christmas! ۤɤǡ (greetings) ΤԤʬά줿ǤꥹѸǤϤФ Happy Christmas! Ȥ⤤졤Happy Holidays! ʤɤѤޤϢơ#4284. ʸϤۤȤ̵ ([2021-01-18-1])#4259. ꥹޥξͥ5ܡ ([2020-12-24-1]) ⤴ɤ
Merry Christmas ˤĤ OED Ĵ٤ƤߤȡΰνФϽѸ1534ǯΤȤǤ1534ǯȤСإ8ȷ̤Ʊѹ (Church of England) ΩǯǤ͡16κǽ3ʸޤ礦
1534 J. Fisher Let. 22 Dec. in T. Fuller Church Hist. Eng. (1837) v. iii. 47 And thus our Lord send yow a mery Christenmas, and a comfortable, to yowr heart desyer.
1565 J. Scudamore Let. 17 Dec. in Hereford Munic. MSS (transcript) (O.E.D. Archive) I. ii. 209 And thus I comytt you to god, who send you a mery Christmas & many.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. iii. 36 Welcome mery shrouetide.
ǽϡư wish send ̤äΤǤ礦Lord ּפ£դä褦Ǥ͡
ѸޤǤϡ˥Υޥͳ Nowell ֥ꥹޥפΰ̣ӰΤѤƤޤ (cf. ե (Je souhaite un) joyeux No&etrema;l!) OED Nowell, int. and n. 1ȽƤߤޤ礦ϥե硼 (Geoffrey Chaucer) Ρإ٥ʪ (The Canterbury Tales) Ǥ
A. int.
A word shouted or sung: expressing joy, originally to commemorate the birth of Christ. Now only as retained in Christmas carols (cf. NOEL n.).
c1395 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 1255 Biforn hym stant brawen of tosked swyn, And Nowel crieth euery lusty man.
ʤߤˡNowell ϡ֥ꥹޥζ±פθ⤢ꡤϡإФεΡ (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight) Ƭ˶ᤤεξ̤ǤλѤȤʤäƤޤ
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 65 (MED) Loude crye watz þer kest of clerkez & oþer, Nowel nayted o-newe, neuened ful ofte.
ꥹޥϢθäˤĤƤϡOED ֥ A Christmassy Lexicon εᤷޤ
ȤȤǡ Nowell!
DzإʥȡǤθإФεΡ (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight) 14ѸޥǤۤƱ˽줿ե硼 (Geoffrey Chaucer) Ρإ٥ʪ (The Canterbury Tales) Ȥϡ̤ǰۤʤäƤޤԤϥƥƤΥαѸƬ (alliteration) ˤäƽƤꡤԤϸɸѸؤȯŸƤɥѸǵӱ (rhyme) ˤäƽƤޤ
硼ϤäѤΦͳεӱǻޥȤƤαѸŪ˼ѤƤƬˤϴؿʤä褦Ǥܤβسˤʤ館ƤСֻϥݥåץμ̱ؤΤϤޤפȤäʷϵǤΤȤϡ硼ȤܵǤƬѤƤʤȡޤإ٥ʪ٤ΡֶǤʺפäν (ll. 42--47) ˤơΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ뤳ȤŪΤޤ (The Riverside Chaucer ˡ
But trusteth wel, I am a Southren man;
I kan nat geeste 'rum, ram, ruf,' by lettre,
Ne, God woot, rym holde I but litel bettre;
And therfore, if yow list --- I wol nat glose ---
I wol yow telle a myrie tale in prose
To knytte up al this feeste and make an ende.
ܸȼΤ褦ˤʤޤ
ǤҤȤ⤴ΤǤνпȤǤǤ "rum""ram""ruf" Ȥ˸դƬDZƧळȤʤɤǤޤޤ⤴¸ΤǤϵӱƧळȤޤǤޤǤ顤 --- ᤹뵤Ϥ餵ʤΤǤ --- ͤ˻ʸdzڤäޤ礦ǤΤڤߤβԤޤ٤Τ٤Ԥ߾夲ޤ礦
硼ϡǤʺפȤоʪˤڤĴ 'rum, ram, ruff' ȯƤޤʸ̤ˤƬӱޤɤޤƬӱΤȸʤƤɤळȤǽ⤷ޤǤ礦ǤϡӾ (144) ɤߤҲ𤷤ƤȻפޤѤǡפȤϻͥ硼ΤȤǤ
Ϥɤ⥢ʪƬޤ깥Ǥʤ餷ɤƬĴȤäƤߤꡤضʺפá٤Ǥϡֻοʹ֤ʤΤǡࡦࡦ (rum, ram, ruf) ʤƬƧ㾧ʤɤϽޤסX ͻˤȤͭ̾줬롥鸫ƤŤۼΡļˤäλʪȸƤ餷ΤǤ롥
Τ褦ʻȾǡʤͤϼƬѤƻΤդ꤬⤷Ǥ
Benson, Larry D., ed. The Riverside Chaucer. 3rd ed. Oxford: OUP, 1987.
ե硼ˡӾ 鹰ʴˡإ٥ʪ졡Ʊǡ١ͪۡ2021ǯ
Ӿ 鹰ˡء֥͡ФεΡ١콤ؽǶɡ2009ǯ
DzإʥȡʤΤǡϢαDz褪ӤθإФεΡ (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight) ˤĤƤϤƤޤDzλƽ̳줿ܹΩ̿ءȡVoicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)פˤ̤ԤʤޤޤİǤʤϥ#544. ܹȡإʥȡ٤Ȥθθᤰä̤ޤİ褯DzվޤΤ褤ͽˤʤȻפޤ
ϡ#4890. ѸʡإФεΡ٤ФεΤо줹륷 ([2022-09-16-1]) ȡ#4931. ѸʡإФεΡ٤Ƭ2 ([2022-10-27-1]) ˰³ Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ̾ɤ߾夲ĤľҲ𤷤ޤФεΤڤꥲդä륷Ǥ
DzξҲȤA24£եإʥȡ١פʥ졼̳ưءȤ YouTube ư3ʬ15áˤƤޤư0ʬ50դ꤫顤DzΤΥѸƥȤƳޤϤѸƥȤޤ1 (ll. 279--300) 夲ޤ
ī Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)פǤ#545. إФεΡ٤ФεΤڤꥲդä륷Ѹ츶ʸɤ߾夲ޤȤƸʸɤƤޤΤǡҤİ
ʲѸ츶ʸAndrew and Waldron ǡˤܸӾˤǤޤ
'Nay, frayst I no fyȝt, in fayth I þe telle;
Hit arn aboute on þis bench bot berdlez chylder.
If I were hasped in armes on a heȝe stede,
Here is no mon me to mach, for myȝtez so wayke.
Forþy I craue in þis court a Crystemas gomen,
For hit is Ȝol and Nwe Ȝer, and here are ȝep mony.
If any so hardy in þis hous holdez hymseluen,
Be so bolde in his blod, brayn in hys hede,
Þat dar stifly strike a strok for anoþer,
I schal gif hym of my gyft þys giserne ryche,
Þis ax, þat is heué innogh, to hondele as hym lykes,
And I schal bide þe fyrst bur as bare as I sitte.
If any freke be so felle to fonde þat I telle,
Lepe lyȝtly me to and lach þis weppen---
I quit-clayme hit for euer, kepe hit as his auen---
And I schal stonde hym a strok, stif on þis flet,
Ellez þou wyl diȝt me þe dom to dele hym anoþer
Barlay,
And ȝet gif hym respite
A twelmonyth and a day.
Now hyȝe, and let se tite
Dar any herinne oȝt say.'
֤䡤ľ˿ơ襤˾ǤΤǤϤʤΤդʤˤϡҤƤʤҶʤˤ̤褦ʡ路ɤȤˤޤȤ礭ϤǤ٤ʤСǤ路Ωϰͤ⤪ޤ顤路ε˾ΤϥꥹޥͷӤȡޤ礦ɥꥹޥȿǯλǡˤϸΤ褤̡뤫ʡδۤDz椳ϤȻפԤʤ顤㤷ԤꡤŨˤǷǤ魯ԤʤС˫ʤȤƤθƤ뤾ϤȽŤĤǡפ褦˰Τ路˺äƹɤĤǽΰ뤳Ȥˤ褦路θäȤƤߤ褦ȤΤΤäۤʤСӤƤƤ˼ʤСʵפ˾ϤĤʪˤƤξ˺äƶޤĤΰ褦路Ĥ֤ΰä븢ĤȤȤǡ
路֤ˤϡ
ͱͽ֤Ϳ褦
ǯȰΡ
ޤꡤˡ
̾ФۤϤˤϤΤ
Andrew, Malcolm and Ronald Waldron, eds. The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript. 3rd ed. Exeter: U of Exeter P, 2002.
Ӿ 鹰ˡء֥͡ФεΡ١콤ؽǶɡ2009ǯ
ܥ֥βǤǤ Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)ˤơܲǾDzإʥȡȤθǤإФεΡ (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight) θᤰäơܹΩ̿ء̤Ԥʤޤ
٤ڤߤʤ⤿ؤٶˤʤä1֤Ǥī heldio ǥȤۿޤΤǡꤪİȥϡ hellog Ʊ#544. ܹȡإʥȡ٤Ȥθθᤰä̤ޤǤ1֤ĹǤΤǡ֤ΤȤˤɤ
DzվޤͽˤʤȻפޤİ塤DzۤäƤФȡ
Dzإʥȡ٤δϢƤޤΤǡʲ˥ĥäƤޤ
Dz
ܱDzα۵ Transformer
ܱDzߥĥå
A24£եإʥȡ١פʥ졼̳ưء
ֻʿDz֥ʥȡפΥ饹ܤΤ饳Ȥ
٤Фʤ鲬ܹҲ𤷤ޤѸʸءʪ졤ѸޥѸˤȤƤꡤǯϡؤ١ʰʲȡˤνǤޤᥢʪܤŪ˸Ƥޤؤ줿ľνҤ2Ҳ𤷤ޤ
ҡԡˡؤˤƥܤǼƤ쥵֥㡼˷פ١ߤӡ2019ǯ
()Ѹʸظ¿ȤŸ˾ --- ˧ǰʸ١ҡ2020ǯ
Ȥ heldio Ǥⲿ٤̤ƤƤޤ̤ȤϢΤǡʲ碌Ƥİ
heldio #173. Ω̿ءܹȤ̡ݱѸȤϲ (2021/11/20)
heldio #386. ܹȤλ̡ۥӥαѸܤˤĤƸ (2022/06/21)
heldio #478. Ѹʥ顼̵ʲܹδˡ (2022/09/21)
ʥ顼ʸΩ̿عݸʸǤ⸦ưԤʤƤޤ̤Ǥ vernacular ȤʤޤˤĤƴϢ hellog δϢؤΥĥäƤޤ
#4804. vernacular Ȥϲ ([2022-06-22-1])
#4809. OED vernacular θΤ ([2022-06-27-1])
#4812. vernacular Ф1601ǯλطʡ ([2022-06-30-1])
#4814. vernacular ɤȤƱѸˤįʤȤ⤷ ([2022-07-02-1])
ˤ khelfʷѸ˥եˤγưˤؤäƤƤޤĤ⤢꤬Ȥޤ
hellog heldio ǥϢ夲ƤͽǤΤǡդ礤
Dzإʥȡɥ硼ȤʤޤѸ쥢ޥηȤإФεΡ (Sir Gawain and the Green Knightά SGGK) ǤαDzǰƬˡδ֡ hellog Ǥ⡤Voicy heldio Ǥ⡤ءʱˤμȤǤʡˡѸƥ (sggk) ܤƤޤ
SGGK 夬ʻξ夲ˤΥߥǡ10:00--11:00˱Dzإʥȡ٤λƽ̳줿Ω̿ؤܹ Voicy ǤϤޤʤǤˡ#4957. heldio ʲܡĤ̡ˤΤΤ餻1126ڡ˸10:00--11:00֥ʥ顼ʡإʥȡ١ס ([2022-11-22-1]) ǤΤ餻̤Ǥˡ

˲ؤμդȻפޤΤǡVoicy ץꤪǤİǤʤ⿴̵ѤǤϿͻҤϡī heldio ˤۿͽǤˤDzվޤ˽ФΡͽפȤƤİʤΥͥХϤ뤫⤷ޤΤաˡ
ơDzͽȤʤϤ켫ΤͽȤơ14Ⱦ SGGK ֱѸǡ줿ŪطʤˤĤơī쥮顼 heldio ۿޤ#544. 1/3ߥ˥ˤֱѸζλǤޤϤİ
ǤѸȤߤʤ¸ߤǤѸ (1100--1500ǯˤˤϱѸϥɤιȤƤȾǧƤʤ微ˤޤǤǤϡʤ14ȾˤΤ褦ʸ SGGK 줿ΤǤ礦ϡλޤǤˤ褦䤯Ѹ줬פ뤲ĤĤäǤ1066ǯΥΥޥˤեˤۤȤӤβäѸϡ֤ƤäȰҿƤ14Ⱦ˺ƤƬ⤿ƤΤǤѸζλϡ333ǯۤɡĤޤ1ǯ1/3ȤĹˤ錄ޤ
Ĥޤꡤ14ȾϱѸˤȤäƺƤܤ뤳Ȥˤʤä𡹤ʤΤǤ̵̾λͤˤäƺܤƤ SGGK 蘆졤ѸʸؤκǹǤ른ե硼ˤإ٥ʪ٤蘆ޤǤ
ҡʾαѸŪطʤƧޤDzإʥȡվޤФȻפޤ
1126ڡˤθ10:00--11:00ˡVoicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)ɸۿޤΩ̿ؤܹȤ̤ȤǤϤޤ

Ƥϡ1125ʶˤڤȤʤDzإʥȡȡθǤѸޥإФεΡ (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight) ˤĤơθΤȤʤäƤʥ顼ʤѸ쥤˾ƤĤĥǥפ˻̤ͽǤDzľȤȤǤΤǡĤĤ⾯ΥͥХOK!?ȤΥǹԤȻפޤʻޤѤƤʤޤޤ̤ʤΤǤˡˤΤ褦ʥȥԥå̤ϤǤФȻפäƤޤ
ʥ顼ʡإʥȡ٤ˤĤ
Ѹ츶ŵإФεΡ (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight) Ȥλط
ŪÿʱѸȥƥ
ŵξҲɤߤɤ
Dzإʥȡ٤˴ؤơʥͥХա
26ڡˤ˸ơ˲Ф뤴䥳ȤʤɤСҾ嵭 Voicy ۿ̤Ƥޤꤲˤʤ٤бȻפäƤޤ˻äǤʤˤ⡤ī heldio 쥮顼ǼϿͻҤȤưۿ⤷ޤΤǡİ褤йǤ
궵ƤDzإʥȡ٤δϢʲŽդƤޤ
Dz
ܱDzα۵ Transformer
ܱDzߥĥå
A24£եإʥȡ١פʥ졼̳ưء
ֻʿDz֥ʥȡפΥ饹ܤΤ饳Ȥ
heldio ǤϡޤǤⲬ3٤̤ۤƤޤ٤˸ơʲİ褷ͽƤȡ٤ȻפޤºݡäƤϲαĹȤʤͽǤ
heldio #173. Ω̿ءܹȤ̡ݱѸȤϲ (2021/11/20)
heldio #386. ܹȤλ̡ۥӥαѸܤˤĤƸ (2022/06/21)
heldio #478. Ѹʥ顼̵ʲܹδˡ (2022/09/21)
ˡ̤Ǥ濴ŪȤʤϤ vernacular ˤĤƤ⡤ͽƤФˤ⤷ʤȻפޤʲ hellog δϢؤΥĥäƤޤ
#4804. vernacular Ȥϲ ([2022-06-22-1])
#4809. OED vernacular θΤ ([2022-06-27-1])
#4812. vernacular Ф1601ǯλطʡ ([2022-06-30-1])
#4814. vernacular ɤȤƱѸˤįʤȤ⤷ ([2022-07-02-1])
#4885. ֱѸʥ顼̵ʲܹδˡפΤΤ餻920ʲС14:50--15:50 Voicy ˡ ([2022-09-11-1])
ҸϤȴ1126ڡˤİ
ѸޥηإФεΡ (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight) ݰƺʤȤʤDzإʥȡ1125ޤεƨءʱˤμȤʤɤ SGGK θʸɤǤޤ
hellog Ǥ#4890. ѸʡإФεΡ٤ФεΤо줹륷 ([2022-09-16-1]) Ҳ𤷤Ĥ Voicy ϢȤɤ߾夲ƤߤޤİƤߤƤˡϡƱǤƬ2 (ll. 1--36) Ѹ츶ʸAndrew and Waldron ǡˤ˴Ť Voicy #514. إФεΡ٤Ƭ2Ѹ츶ʸɤ߾夲ޤɤ߾夲ޤʲθʸȤȤˤİ
Siþen þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye,
Þe borȝ brittened and brent to brondez and askez,
Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wroȝt
Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erthe.
Hit watz Ennias þe athel and his highe kynde,
Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome
Welneȝe of al þe wele in þe west iles.
Fro riche Romulus to Rome ricchis hym swyþe,
With gret bobbaunce þat burȝe he biges vpon fyrst
And neuenes hit his aune nome, as hit now hat;
Ticius to Tuskan and teldes bigynnes,
Langoberde in Lumbardie lyftes vp homes,
And fer ouer þe French flod, Felix Brutus
On mony bonkkes ful brode Bretayn he settez
Wyth wynne,
Where werre and wrake and wonder
Bi syþez hatz wont þerinne
And oft boþe blysse and blunder
Ful skete hatz skyfted synne.
Ande quen þis Bretayn watz bigged bi þis burn rych
Bolde bredden þerinne, baret þat lofden,
In mony turned tyme tene þat wroȝten.
Mo ferlyes on þis folde han fallen here oft
Þen in any oþer þat I wot, syn þat ilk tyme.
Bot of alle þat here bult of Bretaygne kynges
Ay watz Arthur þe hendest, as I haf herde telle.
Forþi an aunter in erde I attle to schawe,
Þat a selly in siȝt summe men hit holden
And an outrage awenture of Arthurez wonderez.
If ȝe wyl lysten þis laye bot on littel quile,
I schal telle hit astit, as I in toun herde,
Wyth tongue.
As hit is stad and stoken
In stori stif and stronge,
With lel lettres loken,
In londe so hatz ben longe.
̣ǧ뤿 Bantock θ層ʸӾˤܸƤޤ
When the assault on Troy and the siege had come to an end,
The ramparts smashed to a heap of smouldering ruins,
And that treacherous man Antenor brought to trial
For treason worse than has ever been known on earth,
Then noble Aeneas, with his clan of kindred knights,
Subdued the lands and at length became the lords
Of well nigh all of the wealth in the Western Isles.
Then swiftly, courageous Romulus swept into Rome,
His first concern to found, with fast-growing pride,
The noble city that now upholds his name.
Then Ticius with tents built interim towns in Tuscany,
And Langeberde laid out new homes in Lombardy.
Then the Channel was challenged from France by Felix Brutus,
Who boldly established Britain on her broad green slopes ---
In gladness long ago!
Though hatred, war and hell
Brought turmoil, tears and woe,
Their fortunes rose or fell
In endless ebb and flow.
The famous warrior founded Britain thus,
And bred a race of battle-loving men,
Who caused great torment in those troubled times.
More heart-enthralling things have happened there
Than anywhere else on earth since the ancient days.
But of the rulers reigning there, I have heard,
The noblest of all in honour was Arthur the king.
So now one great adventure will I make known,
Which many men will think a miracle ---
The most astounding tale of Arthur's time.
And if you'll listen to this legend a little while,
I'll tell it as I heard it told in town
In spoken song;
Inspired, I will expound
A story bold and strong,
With letters linked by sound,
As minstrels have made for long.
ȥϹ⤬ĤԤ˵Ƥ顤ȿդƤΤڤκƺȽˤ줿äǤ롥ϲҥ͡Ȥιʰ²ǡϤθνκۤȤɼˤۼԤȤʤäʥ륹ϥޤ˰®ȡޤϤˤԻԤߤ̾Ȥä̿̾Ǥ⤽̾ǸƤФƤ롥ƥϥȥ뤭ơХɤϥХǥ˲ȲĤꡤեʹʡʡˡ֥롼ȥϤϤ뤫եۤ¿ιʵͤ˥֥ƥϤä
ͦǡ
ƮԻĤʤȤ
ꤪꤽǵꡤ
ӤᤷߤȤθ塤ߤˤȤƤ롥
ι֥ƥȡʼԤɤ⤬졤ߡ٤ʶιǤϤΤꡤ䤬ΤäƤɤι˶ä٤ȤФеäƤ롥ϤȤ⤫ι˵ޤ٤ƤΥ֥ƥΤǡǤⵤ⤤ǤäʹƤ롥Ǵ̯ʸʤȻפҤȤ⤤褦ˤ˴ؤäΤǤʤѤä̤ĤߤʤФδ֡ʪ˼ƤʤСޤ˵²δۤʹȤ˸ꤿȻפ
դȤ
ͦԤ϶ʪ
α夷
ʸǷФơ
ιĹ줿Ρ
Andrew, Malcolm and Ronald Waldron, eds. The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript. 3rd ed. Exeter: U of Exeter P, 2002.
Bantock, Gavin, trans. Sir Gawain & the Green Knight . Pearl: Two Middle-English Poems. Brimstone P, 2018.
Ӿ 鹰ˡء֥͡ФεΡ١콤ؽǶɡ2009ǯ
褿1125˸ͽDzإʥȡϡѸƥ Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ʡإФεΡ١sggkˤܳŪݰƺʤǤλƽܹΩ̿ءˤôƤޤβ轵 Voicy ̤뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤΤǡҤİܤϡ#4885. ֱѸʥ顼̵ʲܹδˡפΤΤ餻920ʲС14:50--15:50 Voicy ˡ ([2022-09-11-1]) Ȥ
ΩäơSGGK Ѹ츶ʸҲ𤷤ƤȻפޤκʤϡChaucer ʤɤƱ14ȾΤΤȤ British Library MS Cotton Nero A.x ˤΤ߸¸ 2530ԡ101ʤαʸƥȤǤ륢ʪȤκʤǤƱܤˤϡ¾ Pearl, Cleanness, Patience ȤʤƤޤѸǽƤޤƥϡƬƧ12--37ĹԤθˡ5Ԥ "bob and wheel" ȸƤФ ababa ûӱԤ³ȤˤʤäƤޤ
ϡƬ˶ᤤ ll. 130--50 ꡤФεΤо줹ŪʥƤߤ뤳Ȥˤޤ礦Andrew and Waldron ǤΰѤǤ
Now wyl I of hor seruise say yow no more,
For vch wyȝe may wel wit no wont þat þer were.
Anoþer noyse ful newe neȝed biliue,
Þat þe lude myȝt haf leue liflode to cach;
For vneþe watz þe noyce not a whyle sesed,
And þe fyrst cource in þe court kyndely serued,
Þer hales in at þe halle dor an aghlich mayster,
On þe most on þe molde on mesure hyghe;
Fro þe swyre to þe swange so sware and so þik,
And his lyndes and hys lymes so longe and so grete,
Half-etayn in erde I hope þat he were,
Bot mon most I algate mynn hym to bene,
And þat þe myriest in his muckel þat myȝt ride;
For of bak and of brest al were his bodi sturne,
Both his wombe and his wast were worthily smale,
And alle his fetures folȝande in forme, þat he hade,
Ful clene.
For wonder of his hwe men hade,
Set in his semblaunt sene;
He ferde, as freke were fade,
And oueral enker grene.
Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)פ#473. إФεΡ٤ФεΤо줹륷Ѹ츶ʸɤ߾夲ޤǡѸ츶ʸɤ߾夲ƤޤΤǡ碌Ƥİ
̣ǧ뤿 Bantock θ層ʸꡤƱ ll. 130--50 βսѤޤ
I've told you enough about the tables there
For you to guess how gorgeous that feast was.
But now another new uproar quickly approached,
That stirred Aurthur's spirit so strongly he started to eat.
For, just as the joyful music was fading away
And the first of the festive dishes was duly being served,
The doors crashed open wide with a terrible din
And a hideous giant charged boldly into the hall!
His body was strong and so broad from neck to waist,
And his legs and arms and thighs so long and thick,
He might have been half a giant and half a man,
But if a man, the biggest of all on this earth
That ever rode on horse; and most handsome too;
For though his breast and back were broad and stout,
His waist was slender and his belly lithe and slim,
And all of his features followed this twofold form ---
Both lust and lean!
By his colouring the court was amazed,
The most staggering sight they had seen,
For the body of that bold knight blazed
Head to foot with flaming bright green!
ܸȤƤϡӾ (p. 9) Ѥޤ
ƿΤƤʤͻҤʾΤϤ⤦ƤҤȤķ礱ΤʤäȤïǤ褯ʬ뤳Ȥ顥ޤ̤οʲڤʹƤΤǡǤɤ鲦ȤΤǤϤʤȻפ줿ΥȥڥåȤβ䤨ǽˤȽФȤ繭֤鶲εΤ褯Ǥؾ椬ǺǤ⤤ˤǤäޤǤҤɤĥꤺȤȼĹƤäꤷƤꡤˤϸȾͤǤϤʤȻפäȤˤʿʹ֤ǤꡤϤ˾ԤλѤäȤƤϺǤüʿʪȸäƤοΤǤȶΤʢȹϤȤ褯ۤäꤷơΤ¾ʬ⤹٤Ʊ褦˻Ѥζ褯Ȥ졤
ʹ褫ä
ƤˤϤä긫
οˤߤʤӤäŷʡʶΡΤΤ褦˿
ȿ䤫ФǤä
Andrew, Malcolm and Ronald Waldron, eds. The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript. 3rd ed. Exeter: U of Exeter P, 2002.
Bantock, Gavin, trans. Sir Gawain & the Green Knight . Pearl: Two Middle-English Poems. Brimstone P, 2018.
Ӿ 鹰ˡء֥͡ФεΡ١콤ؽǶɡ2009ǯ
ɸ̤ꡤ920ʲС14:50--15:50 ˡܹΩ̿ءˤδˤ Voicy ֱѸʥ顼̵פͽꤵƤޤԹ礬礤ޤ顤ʳäİΤۤɤꤤޤ
ؤΥǤ
̤ؤΤ夲ߤȥԥåʤɤޤΥե鼫ͳˤ
ꤲˤʤ٤бǤФȻפäƤޤ
μϿϸȤư̸⤹ͽǤ
ܥ֥βǡǤǤ Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio) ǤϡޤǤ̤͡ԤʤäƤޤ khelfʷѸ˥ե˼Ť khelf-conference-2022 ȤʢͭΤˤвƤΡ֥߹ɡפǤˤΰĤȤơΩ̿ؤܹƤΥ饤̤Ȥʤޤ
ȤϤǤ heldio 2٤̤ۤƤޤ٤ΡֱѸʥ顼̵פϡ2̡ʤȤ櫓2ܤ̡ˤαĹˤǤΤǡҲƤİФȻפޤ
#173. Ω̿ءܹȤ̡ݱѸȤϲ (2021/11/20)
#386. ܹȤλ̡ۥӥαѸܤˤĤƸ (2022/06/21)
⤽֥ʥ顼פȤϲȤȤϤᡤ줬Ѹ˾ɤΤ褦ʰյĤΤʤͤɬפΤʤɽIJ̵Ԥ˻̤깭ȻפäƤޤϢơʲ hellog ⤴Ȥ
#4804. vernacular Ȥϲ ([2022-06-22-1])
#4809. OED vernacular θΤ ([2022-06-27-1])
#4812. vernacular Ф1601ǯλطʡ ([2022-06-30-1])
#4814. vernacular ɤȤƱѸˤįʤȤ⤷ ([2022-07-02-1])
ܹϡ1125DzإʥȡλƽôƤޤإФεΡ (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight) ݰƺʤǤκʤΥʥ顼ƽäʤɤޤƤҤäǤȻפޤ̤ڤߤˤƤޤܺʤ۵ Transformer ӡߥĥå⤴ˬ䤯
khelf-conference-2022 Ǥϡ嵭̤921ʿˤˤ̤ Voicy 褬ͽꤵƤޤξˤĤƾܤߥڡޤξϰʲǤ⤴⤷ƤޤΤİ
khelf-conference-2022 ˴طƼ糧åˤĤƤϡkhelf ĥå @khelf_keio ǤƤޤΤǡ⤴

ʸؤεϥƥȤȤС鷺Ȥ줿 Geoffrey Chaucer (1340--1400) νʡʤ The Canterbury Tales Ǥ롥ʸػˤήʤΥƥȤɾϡʤ⤤ʸؤμ̤̾ȸ Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Τ̵̾λͤνƥȤʸŪɾϹ⤤ʸػ˾ΰ֤Ť Chaucer 椷ƼŪǤ롥ϡSGGK ƥȤ˸ʤäȤ䡤ͤѤ줬Ѹή鳰줿ɸŪΤ륤ΤΤäȤؤäƤΤ褦ˡѸʸؤ˲餫ε̵ռΤǧƤ븽ιԤɼԤΤ Chaucer Gawain ͤФ븫ˤϡ¿ʬѤޤޤƤǽ롥
Horobin (106) ϡѤιԤơΥƥȤˤֻɤΤ褦˹Ȥ餫ˤ褦ȤHorobin ϡThe Canterbury Tales "The General Prologue" ͭ̾ƬʬˤĤơɸŪʹǤǤ Riverside Chaucer ΤΤȡǤ⸢Ҥܤ1 Hengwrt ܤΤΤȤ椷ơ˹Ԥܤˤäֻ˲ѤƤ뤫㤨Сܤ˸ <þ> ϹܤǤ <th> ֤ƤꡤξάۤΤŸƤꡤ⸽ɼԤ˼˸褦ղäƤ롥
SGGK ǤϡԤϼܥƥȤˤۤɲѤäƤʤ<þ> <ȝ> ϤΤޤݤƤꡤܤǤܤθɤȤϤ鷺Ȥʤ٤»ʤʤ褦ˤȤθȤ
Horobin (106) ϡξʤֻιˡΰ㤤ϸ幻ԤξʤФʸػ˾ɾȿǤΤǤȹͤƤ롥
The tendency for editors to remove the letter thorn in modern editions of Chaucer is quite different from the way other Middle English texts are treated. The poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, for instance, written by a contemporary of Chaucer's, is edited with its letters thorn and yogh left intact. This difference in editorial policy is perhaps a reflection of different attitudes to the two authors. Because Chaucer is seen as central to the English literary canon, there is a tendency to present his works as more 'modern', thereby accentuating the myth of an unbroken, linear tradition. The anonymous poet who wrote Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, using a western dialect and the old-fashioned alliterative metrical form, is further cut off from the literary canon by presenting his text in authentic Middle English spelling.
Τ褦ʸ幻Ԥˤϡä˰դϤʤ⤷ʤʤȤⲿ餫αʸػ˾ɾ˴ؤ٤ϤȤȤ
Horobin, Simon. Does Spelling Matter? Oxford: OUP, 2013.
ѸαѸǽ줿ʸؤˤĤơȤ Baugh and Cable 110 "Middle English Literature" (149--51) ˰͵Ѹˤ˴Ϣϰ绨Ĥ˳礷
Ѹ줬ҲŪˤɤä̿ȡѸʸؤ̩ܤ˥Ƥ롥ΥޥˤꡤեäήʸŪϹϡʤեǽ줿ʪظäƤꡤѸǽ줿Τ˥ѥȥդǽϳ̵äѸʪԤȤϳΤǤꡤ̤ŪǽȤ٤ԤʤäƤΤǤ롥ϡѸ줷ʤ̱̽˥ꥹȶ۶褦ȤǮ˶줿Ԥääơ1150--1250ǯѸ˱Ѹǽ줿Τϡۤܤ٤ƤŪ͡ŪʸؤǤ롥Ancrene Riwle Ormulum (c. 1200) Τ褦ʡβܤ䡤űѸͳ褹ⶵξƤľλαѸʸؤä㳰Ū Layamon's Brut (c. 1200) The Owl and the Nightingale (c. 1195) Τ褦ŪʸؤФ㳰ȸäƤ褤λϡ§Ȥ "Period of Religious Record" ȸƤ٤
100ǯ֤ϡեФƱѸ줬ᡤѸ줬깭ʸؤȤɽ蘆褦ˤʤäƤեǽ줿ʸؤʤɤơ14ˤƱѸʸؤƤŪˤϡŪʥޥ (romance) Ȥ뤬ѸȤΤ˾褻褦ˤʤä1250--1350ǯαѸʸؤλϡ"Period of Religious and Secular Literature" ȸƤ֤ȤǤ
14θȾޤǤˤϡɤˤƱѸϤܴۤ (reestablishment_of_english) ̤λѸʸػˤˤڤθ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥Canterbury Tales Troilus and Criseyde ȤäĤ Geoffrey Chaucer (1340--1400) ȤơҲŪ Piers Plowman (1362--87) 路 William LanglandʪĤ⤷ John Wycliffe (d. 1384)Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ۤ3ĤζŪŪʼ̤λĤͤ졤ޤ "Period of Great Individual Writers" ȸäƤ褤
15ϡChaucer ʤɤΰͤαƶǡѸʸػ˾塤ƤȤʤäƤꡤ"Imitative Period"뤤Ͻ Shakespeare ޤǤΤĤʤλȤ̣ "Transition Period" ʤɤȸƤФƤ롥ʸػŪˤŪ˲ᾮɾƤ餤뤬Lydgate, Hoccleve, Skelton, Hawes ʤɤηʪƤ롥åȥɤǤ⡤Henryson, Dunbar, Gawin Douglas, Lindsay ʤɤʤˤ Malory Caxton 뤬15θؤʸؤϤäȿ˰Ƥ٤Ǥ롥κǸλθءʸŪˤĤƤϡ#292. aureate diction ([2010-02-13-1]) ӡ#1719. Scotland ˤѸˡ ([2014-01-10-1]) ȡ
Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2013.
ʸ Pearl Andrew and Waldron ǤɤǤ롥Cleanness, patience, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ȤȤ̵̾λͤˤä14Ⱦǽ줿ʤǤ롥 British Library MS Cotton Nero A.x ˤΤ߸¸̾ʤ
ܤʤɴϢ¿뤳ȤǤ뤬ʲǤϼȤƥ־ΥإĥäƤ
[ Żҥƥ ]
Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse ꡤ1953ǯ (Pearl. Ed. E. V. Gordon. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953) ˴Ť Digitised Text of Pearl ǽ
TEAMS: Middle English Texts Υƥ Pearl by Robbins Library Digital Projects ǤϡʸȤȤ˸դƤ롥Pearl: Introduction ΥڡǤϡȥȴϢ롥
Pearl by Bill Stanton ǤϡȥΤۤʸȸѸŻҥƥȤǤ롥
[ ܲ ]
The Cotton Nero A.x Project ΥȤ Browse the Manuscript Images ꡤPearl Manuscript βեDZ뤳ȤǤ롥
[ Ϣ ]
Entry for "Pearl" in Middle English Compendium HyperBibliography
ˤ Cotton Nero A.x. Project ꡤWeb Resources for Pearl-poet Study: A Vetted Selection Ȥͭѡ
Pearl (poem) by Wikipedia Ǥϡ郎Ωġ
Ǹˡ饤 MED ѤơPearl ΰѤޤȥؤΥֹ¤٤ƤΤǡƥȤɤߤʤθȤƻȤ롥A Pearl Glossary Derived from MED Entries ꥢ
Andrew, Malcolm and Ronald Waldron, eds. The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript. 3rd ed. Exeter: U of Exeter P, 2002.
αѸޥη Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ǡФεΤо줹 (ll. 135--56) ǡɸΡone the + ǾפɽʰѤ Andrew and Waldron Ǥˡ
Þer hales in at þe halle dor an aghlich mayster,
On þe most on þe molde on mesure hyghe;
On þe most ϡ"the very biggest (one)" ۤɤζĴ줿̣"one of the very biggest (ones)" Ȥ϶̤뤳Ȥդ줿ǾƯ one ˡǤ롥ѸǤˤ˸ˡǡMED Ǥ ōn (pron.) θ 7b ΤȤˡ¿㤬Ƥ롥OED Ǥϡone, adj., n., and pron. θФȤΤȤ C. pron. 3a ˡεҤ롥
Mustanoja (297) ˤȡthe + Ǿפˡthe + פȤ㤬 Trin. Hom. 185 1ĤȤ
þat is þat bihotene lond, þar is on þe wunsume bureh and on þe hevenliche wunienge þar alle englen inne wunien
the + ǾפΤ̤ۤǤꡤˡ11ʸڤ롥ane þa mæstan synne, on þe fairest toun, oon the grettest remedye, oon the unworthieste, oon the beste knyght, on þe sellokest swyn ʤˤȤޤʤˡ16ˤϤޤȤʤꡤSpenser Shakespeare ۤܺǸλѼԤȤʤ롥ޤˡѸ˲ڡ餤ƻäդɽäȤ롥
Middle High German, Early Modern High German, Middle Low German, Middle Dutch, Old NorseSwedish ʤ¾Υޥˤбɽʸڤ졤ꥷ μóνος ƥ unus ζĴˡˤ̤Ȥꡤޤե une dame la plus belle ˤӤΤǡѸ one the most ηˤϤδͿΤǤϤʤȵ⤢뤬Mustanoja (298--99) ϱѸȼȯãȸƤ롥
There is every reason to look upon the types one the good man and one the best man as natural outgrowths of the organic structural pattern of native linguistic usage. They offer striking parallels to the common OE type min se leofa (leofesta) freond. The characteristic feature in constructions of this kind is the isolation of an attribute or other defining word from the noun or noun-group by means of an intervening element (called a Gelenkspartikel and particule d'articulation by German and French Romance scholars). This isolation has the effect of bringing out into relief the idea expressed by the attribute, i.e., of making this word and the whole group more emphatic.
one the + ǾȤΥ뤳ȤˤäŪڤӰ̣Ū˺ΩȤ˴ؤơMustanoja (299) ϼΤ褦ɽȤδϢŦƤ롥
This peculiar rhythmic arrangement, which probably has counterparts in most languages of the world, is responsible for such common types as all the world, both the(se) boys, half a bottle, too long a story, what a night, etc.
half a bottle Τ褦ɽθˤĤƤϡ#788. half an hour ([2011-06-24-1]) DZΧŪװMustanoja Τ褦˰̣ŪǽŪװθɬפ
one the most ηѸ˺餤ƻäɽȤȤǤСλޤ̻ŪĴɬפȤʤ롥
Andrew, Malcolm and Ronald Waldron, eds. The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript. 3rd ed. Exeter: U of Exeter P, 2002.
Mustanoja, T. F. A Middle English Syntax. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, 1960.
ѸޥɤǤȡҥ grey eyes Ȥ̤뤳Ȥ¿̤Ǥ뤫顤grey eyes ŪˤɤΤ褦Ʒɽ路ƤΤΤꤿȻפΤ줬ƳǤ롥ȸȤŪФۤʤ뤳ȤϤˤȤƤ⡤ֳƷפȤΤʤΤ뤤ϡѸ grey ɽ魯̣Ѹ grey ȤϰۤʤäƤȤǽϤʤ
㤨СSir Gawain and the Green Knight ll. 81--84 "wheel" Ǥϡ Guenevere grey eyes ȤƤAndrew and Waldron Ǥѡˡ
Þe comlokest to discrye
Þer glent with yȝen gray;
A semloker þat euer he syȝe
Soth moȝt no mon say.
gray βϡԼԤˤäƤۤʤäƤ롥Andrew and Waldron ϥå "(of eyes) blue-grey" ȤƤꡤĤߤäפȲᤷƤ롥Gollancz, Barron, Tolkien and Gordon ϡѸ grey ƱǤȤƤꡤĤߡפѶŪӽƤ櫓ǤϤʤŪˤϡֳפȤߤʤƤ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥grey eyes ϳƷؤȤľʲϡOED Ǥ3ˤ "Having a grey iris" ȤƺѤƤ롥
MED Ǥ grei (adj. & n.) ǤϡۤʤƤ롥 2 (b) ǡ"of eyes: bright, gleaming (of indeterminate color)" Ȥꡤ礤ǤϤʤ굱ͤҤƻȤƤ롥Ʊ Silverstein ˤäƤ⼨Ƥꡤ"With lively, sparkling eyes" ȤͿƤ롥Ѹˤϡgreye as glas (The General Prologue, l. 152 Prioress 䡤The Reeve's Tale, l. 3974 ʴ̼ηơˤ grey as crystalle stone ʤɤɽߤĤ뤷Τ褦ܡפȤ̤뤳Ȥ顤Ʒο礤ΤΤϤεܤɽȤäΤ⤷ʤ
ˤ̤ˤĤƤ Brewer ܤ12ˤϡʸؾ塤ƽפȤϤƤʤäȤʹߤϡŵṲ̄νޤ³ξˡ˳Ūɽ줿㤨С"whiter than the swan" Τ褦ηƤѸˤϰƤȤ (Brewer 262) grey eyes ϥեϰƤ줿 des yeux vaires ȤƤ롥 vaires ʤƻβ⡤礤ȵΤɽ路ΤǤꡤgrey eyes βɬҥȤͿƤʤ
Andrew, Malcolm and Ronald Waldron, eds. The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript. 3rd ed. Exeter: U of Exeter P, 2002.
Gollancz, Israel, ed. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. EETS os 250. 1950.
Tolkien, J. R. R. and E. V. Gordon, eds. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. 2nd ed. Rev. Norman Davis. Oxford: Clarendon, 1967.
Barron, W. R. J., ed. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1974.
Silverstein, Theodore, ed. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1983.
Brewer, D. S. "The Ideal of Feminine Beauty in Medieval Literature, Especially 'Harley Lyrics', Chaucer, and Some Elizabethans." The Modern Language Review 50 (1955): 257--69.
Ѹδư1 choose ϡ츻ŵʤɤʣʷ֤ˤäƤΤ뤬ѸǤθŸΤ⤷ˤĤƸڤ뤳ȤϡޤʤSir Gawain and the Green Knight åɤǤ顤choose Ω³ͽ۳θǻȤƤս˽Ф路Andrew and Waldron Ǥˡ
778: And he ful chauncely hatz chosen to þe chef gate,
. . . .
798: Chalk-whyt chymnées þer ches he innoȝe,
MED "chesen (v)" θǤ 8 9 ̣Ǥ롥
8. To choose or take one's way; ~ wei (gate); proceed or go (to or from a place); refl. betake oneself; ~ fast, to hurry.
9. (a) To perceive (sth., sb.); also, recognize; (b) to distinguish (one thing from another).
Ԥϡ֡ʼƻ֡ԤסԤϡ̡Ƚ̡̡̡ˤפȤȤˤʤԤˤĤƤϡŹϥɥĸեбˤȤԤˤĤƤϡѸ There is nothing to chose between A and B. ABδ֤ͥϤޤäʤˤȤꡤɽǤ choose 9. (b) "distinguish (between A and B)" ˶9. (a) "perceive; recognize" ˤ̤뤳Ȥ狼롥ĤǤˡܸͤƤߤȡֻҶΤ뤳Ȥֽ꤬ʤפΤ褦αѸɽȶᤤɽ롥ʤOED ǤϡB. 8, B. 7 θ2Ĥθˤ줾бƤ뤬ޤǤˤѤȤʤäƤ롥
ơchoose ޥĸĸؤ̤ȡɤ "test by tasting" ̣臘̣ˤθˤɤḤ̂פɽ魯 gusto, gust ʤɤȤ츻Ū˱ϢƤ롥̣ΰ㤤狼ס֡פȹͤȡ֤ȤȤϡ¸ΤɬܤǽϤǤȤȤˡʸιꤹ餹⾰ʹ٤ǤȲǤ롥դäСelegant ʾʤʡͥʡˤ⡤Ѹ elect ֡ˤθǤƥ ēligere ֡ˤθʬͳ褷ΤפǤ롥äȤ⡤乥ߤ뤵 choosy Ȥʤꡤ촶ϰ쵤롥
ߤǤ choose ξ2ĤθѤƤޤäȤϤưΰ̣Ÿˤ϶̣Τ롥
Andrew, Malcolm and Ronald Waldron, eds. The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript. 3rd ed. Exeter: U of Exeter P, 2002.
[2011-08-20-1]εǡ#845. Ѹθäεȳפ礷ѸθäϤɤäΤˤĤƤ͡ʸ椬뤬פǤϡűѸͳθä60--70%ʩͳθä22--30%ťΥɸͳθä8--10%ʳ1%̤ȤͤФƤ (Duggan 238)
ȤNorman Hinton 1980ǯȾȯɽƤѸä絬ϤĴˤСפȤ˰ۤʤͤƤ롥Hinton ʸ̤ʤΤǡʲ Hinton 𤽤ΤΤǤϤʤDuggan (238--39) ǸڤƤ뤽γפ˴ŤΤͤޤǤ롥
MED ˼ФθФȤθ츻˴ŤƸʬष̡Germanic 35.06%, Romance 64.54%, Other 0.35% ȤͤϤФ줿פ٤ Germanic Romance οͤžƤ뤫Τ褦ǤꡤפˡˤäơۤɤޤǤ˷̤Τȶʤ롥פ⡤äդƲᤷʤФʤʤȤǧĤġ³褦

Hinton ϡChaucer Cotton Nero A.x θˤĤƤʬԤʤäƤꡤѸλˤäʿŪӤ뤳ȤˤäơƸΡǯ¬פߤƤ롥Chaucer θ Germanic 38.5%, Romance 61.2%, Other 0.09% ȤΨǤꡤ1460ǯʿŪΨȤޤCotton Nero A.x ˤĤƤ Germanic 58.7, Romance 41%, Other 0.15% ȤΨǡ1390ǯʿŪΨؤȤϤͤǤꡤǯؤ櫓ǤϤʤषChaucer Cotton Nero A.x 70ǯȤŪʺ줾θäλȤʬκƤ餯ʸŪʺбƤ뤫⤷ʤȤǽ⤷
Duggan, H. N. "Meter, Stanza, Vocabulary, Dialect". Chapter 8 of A Companion to the Gawain-Poet. Ed. Derek Brewer and Jonathan Gibson. Cambridge: Brewer, 1997. 221--42.
Hinton, Norman "The Language of the Gawain-Poems." Arthurian Interpretations 2 (1987): 83--94.
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