2022ǯΥꥹޥǤλαѸǤΡֻΰפϡ鷺Ȥ줿 Merry Christmas! Ǥ͡ꥸʥη (I wish you a) merry Christmas! ۤɤǡ (greetings) ΤԤʬά줿ǤꥹѸǤϤФ Happy Christmas! Ȥ⤤졤Happy Holidays! ʤɤѤޤϢơ#4284. ʸϤۤȤ̵ ([2021-01-18-1])#4259. ꥹޥξͥ5ܡ ([2020-12-24-1]) ⤴ɤ
Merry Christmas ˤĤ OED Ĵ٤ƤߤȡΰνФϽѸ1534ǯΤȤǤ1534ǯȤСإ8ȷ̤Ʊѹ (Church of England) ΩǯǤ͡16κǽ3ʸޤ礦
1534 J. Fisher Let. 22 Dec. in T. Fuller Church Hist. Eng. (1837) v. iii. 47 And thus our Lord send yow a mery Christenmas, and a comfortable, to yowr heart desyer.
1565 J. Scudamore Let. 17 Dec. in Hereford Munic. MSS (transcript) (O.E.D. Archive) I. ii. 209 And thus I comytt you to god, who send you a mery Christmas & many.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. iii. 36 Welcome mery shrouetide.
ǽϡư wish send ̤äΤǤ礦Lord ּפ£դä褦Ǥ͡
ѸޤǤϡ˥Υޥͳ Nowell ֥ꥹޥפΰ̣ӰΤѤƤޤ (cf. ե (Je souhaite un) joyeux No&etrema;l!) OED Nowell, int. and n. 1ȽƤߤޤ礦ϥե硼 (Geoffrey Chaucer) Ρإ٥ʪ (The Canterbury Tales) Ǥ
A. int.
A word shouted or sung: expressing joy, originally to commemorate the birth of Christ. Now only as retained in Christmas carols (cf. NOEL n.).
c1395 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 1255 Biforn hym stant brawen of tosked swyn, And Nowel crieth euery lusty man.
ʤߤˡNowell ϡ֥ꥹޥζ±פθ⤢ꡤϡإФεΡ (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight) Ƭ˶ᤤεξ̤ǤλѤȤʤäƤޤ
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 65 (MED) Loude crye watz þer kest of clerkez & oþer, Nowel nayted o-newe, neuened ful ofte.
ꥹޥϢθäˤĤƤϡOED ֥ A Christmassy Lexicon εᤷޤ
ȤȤǡ Nowell!
I wish you a merry Christmas! Ȥά Merry Christmas! ȤʤꡤI wish you a good morning. ά Good morning! Ȥʤ롥ȶ᤹Ƶα뤳Ȥʤ⤷ʤΤ褦ʷʸ (formula) ̾ؾάˤϡڤȤȤ¿ֻʤɤȼ A merry Christmas to you! Τ褦˴줬Ĥ뤳Ȥ⤢ꡤϳ餵̥롼ǤϤʤΤΡʸ⤱й⤤ۤɴޤǴޤƾά褦òŪ Charming couple!, Dirty place!, Excellent meal!, Poor thing!, Good idea!, Lovely evening! Ȥ̤礦¾ Cigarette?, Good flight?, Next slide? ʤɤεˤ̤봧ξάȤ롥ɽŪʷʸQuirk et al (11.54) 褦
GREETINGS: Good morning, Good afternoon, Good evening <all formal>; Hello; Hi <familiar>
FAREWELLS: Goodbye, Good night, All the best <informal>, Cheers, Cheerio <BrE, familiar>, See you <familiar>, Bye(-bye) <familiar>, So long <familiar>
INTRODUCTIONS: How do you do? <formal>, How are you?, Glad to meet you, Hi <familiar>
REACTION SIGNALS:
(a) assent, agreement: Yes, Yeah /je/; All right, OK <informal>, Certainly, Absolutely, Right, Exactly, Quite <BrE>, Sure <esp AmE>
(b) denial, disagreement: No, Certainly not, Definitely not, Not at all, Not likely
THANKS: Thank you (very much), Thanks (very much), Many thanks, Ta <BrE slang>, Thanks a lot, Cheers <familiar BrE>
TOASTS: Good health <formal>, Your good health <formal>, Cheers <familiar>, Here's to you, Here's to the future, Here's to your new job
SEASONAL GREETINGS: Merry Christmas, Happy New Year, Happy Birthday, Many happy returns (of your birthday), Happy Anniversary
ALARM CALLS: Help! Fire!
WARNINGS: Mind, (Be) careful!, Watch out!, Watch it! <familiar>
APOLOGIES: (I'm) sorry, (I beg your) pardon <formal>, My mistake
RESPONSES TO APOLOGIES: That's OK <informal>, Don't mention it, Not matter <formal>, Never mind, No hard feelings <informal>
CONGRATULATIONS: Congratulations, Well done, Right on <AmE slang>
EXPRESSIONS OF ANGER OR DISMISSAL (familiar; graded in order from expressions of dismissal to taboo curses): Beat it <esp AmE>, Get lost, Blast you <BrE>, Damn you, Go to hell, Bugger off <BrE>, Fuck off, Fuck you
EXPLETIVES (familiar; likewise graded in order of increasing strength): My Gosh, (By) Golly, (Good) Heavens, Doggone (it) <AmE>, Darn (it), Heck, Blast (it) <BrE>, Good Lord, (Good) God, Christ Almighty, Oh hell, Damn (it), Bugger (it) <esp BrE>, Shit, Fuck (it)
MISCELLANEOUS EXCLAMATIONS: Shame <familiar>, Encore, Hear, hear, Over my dead body <familiar>, Nothing doing <informal>, Big deal <familiar, ironic>, Oh dear, Goal, Checkmate
ʸ¿ϲ餫ŪάФΤǤꡤǤԵ§ȸ뤬ä͡ŪݤȤħ⤢롥㤨Сˤ뤳ȤϤǤʤ̤ο;ΤѤ뤳ȤϤǤʤܵळȤǤʤĤΤ¿ʸȤΤǡ(A) happy new year! Τ褦ˡ괧̵ͭʤɤ˴ؤ variation ĤΤ⤢ȹͤƤ롥
Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman, 1985.
ꥹޥ֤Ǥ͡ꥹޥ˴Ϣ5ܤϤޤ
(1) Christmas ϡChrist + mass ʥꥹȤΥߥˤȤΩǤѸ mass 첻ե messe 첻츻Ρʸ˥ƥ missa Ϲ첻Ȥʤꡤ줴Ȥ˥ϥȤȤϡܸ֥ߥפϥƥʥڥݥȥƱͤ˹첻ˤȤߤƤ褤Ǥ͡
(2) ꥹޥˤ礤Ρޡפϡñ snowman [ˈsnəʊ mæn] Фʣ snowmen [-men]ʤǤ͡ȤꥹޥɤãƤؽۿ͡פϡñ postman [ˈpoʊst mən] Фʣ postmen [-mən]-man ʣñʣ첻Ǥ
(3) ˴ؤ PC (= political_correctness) ˤꡤchairman chair(person) ˡ salesman salesperson ˤʤäꤷɡ snowman *snowperson ˤʤʤäǤ͡إ˥缭ŵ٤ˤ snow figure ȤФ줬ä
(4) at ϻŪˤŪˤⶹˡФ on Ū˹ѤȽȤ¿Ȼפޤat Christmas Ϲ֥ꥹޥˡס122411餤ޤǡˤؤon Christmas ϶1225ˡפؤޤ at Christmastide (cf. #4246. Christmastide ([2020-12-11-1])) ΤȤǡԤ on Christmas Day ΤȤǤϥǤ
(5) ꥹޥΰȤ Merry ChristmasꥹѸǤϤФ Happy Christmas Ȥ⡥ޤꥹȶ Happy Holidays ⤢ޤ
褤ꥹޥ
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