hellogѸ˥֥     ChangeLog ǿ     ƥǿ     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ڡ / page 1 (9)

alphabet - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2026-04-03 Fri

#6185. ޤ롤Ѹֻ <e> [spelling][graphemics][alphabet][orthography][final_e][silent_letter][three-letter_rule][voicy][heldio]

١#979. Ѹֻ <e> ([2012-01-01-1]) Ǽ夲ǵ󤲤10˿Ԥ櫓ǤϤʤCarney ɤǤʬäȤɲûब롥ޤ Carney ϢսѤ (42)

Empty letters are naturally a target for the spelling reformers, but one should not rush in with the scissors too hastily. A favourite target is final <-e>. The instances of <-e> at the end of copse, bottle, file, giraffe, are often referred to as 'silent' letters, but they are very different. The <-e> of copse marks the word as different from the plural cops. The word bottle cannot sensibly be spelt as *<bottl>, since syllabic consonants are always spelt with a vowel letter and a consonant letter, except for <sm> in sarcasm, prism. Similarly it might be thought that file could be spelt *<fil>. It would still be different from fill, as it is in filing, filling. However, some degree of redundancy is essential to human language and that justifies taking the unit of correspondence to be <i..e>/aɪ/. Even the <-e> at the end of giraffe has something to be said in its favour. It can be said to mark the unusual final stress of the noun as in the <-CCe> of brunette, cassette, corvette, largesse, bagatelle, gazelle.


bottle ˴ؤ⤬ˤȤäƤܿΤäñβ粻 l ˤĤơ粻ŪҲѤȤˤϡɬ <e> տ魯Ȥ㳰Ȥ <-sm> 󤲤Ƥ뤬ʳϤɤ <e> ɬܤΤ褦
⤦1Ķ̣Τ giraffe θ <e> Ǥ롥brunette, cassette, corvette ʤɤ㤫狼̤ꡤ <-VCCe> ֻȤʤˤϡ<V> ޤ಻˶롥ϡ<e> ǤȤ <CCe> ΤǼȤ٤Τΰ˻ͿƤȤǡ <e> 1ĤȲ᤹뤳ȤϲǽǤ롥
ۤˤ eye θ <e> Τ褦ˡ3ʸ§ (three-letter_rule) 򤹤뤿Υߡ <e> ⡤1ĤȤƥꥹȤ˲äƤ褤
ͤ³Ƥȡ<e> Ϥäȵ󤬤äƤܵƱݤǡ330 heldio ˤ#1765. Ѹֻˤ <e> ۿƤΤǡ⤪İС



Carney, Edward. A Survey of English Spelling. Abingdon: Routledge, 1994.

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2026-03-08 Sun

#6159. ʸˤˤ3Ĥνפʶ [grammatology][writing][alphabet]

ε#6158. Powell ˤʸʬ ([2026-03-07-1]) ǻȡѤ Powell ϡʸˤˤž3ĤäȵƤ롥ʸʬ⤷ľˡʸϤ³ (51--52)

   Although this is a structural description, it is also a rough outline of the history of writing, understood as a technology that underwent broad and radical changes over millennia and came to serve ever more efficient and complex forms of communication and thought. The major changes were three.
   First was the discovery of the phonetic principle, the representation of the sounds of speech by graphic means. This discovery appears to have been applied three times in a more or less systematic way: in southern Mesopotamia, in China, and in Mesoamerica. But all these systems are only partly phonetic.
   The second major discovery was of a wholly phonetic writing. We cannot date the discovery, but perhaps as early as 1800 BC in the Near East and rather earlier in Crete, c.2100 BC (for the earliest "Cretan hieroglyphs"). While such writings are wholly phonetic, that is, most signs refer to sound and are not meaningful, they still cannot be pronounced except by a native speaker. Wholly phonetic writings made possible an immense constriction in the number of signs over the earlier logosyllabaries (made up of logograms and syllabograms) by focusing on a single semantic aspect of communication, namely sounds of the human voice speaking some "language." This advantageous constriction was gained at the loss of clarity provided by the many semantic nonphonetic elements of the earlier logosyllabaries.
   The third major shift was the invention of the Greek alphabet around 800 BC, a system that atomized the sounds of human speech, utilized symbols for these sounds, and made possible the approximate reconstruction of the sound of human speech, even by someone who does not speak the language.
   In studying the history of writing we must remember that a continuity of forms can mask an extreme shift in inner structure, while two sets of completely differing forms can function in the same way.


1Ĥνפʶ̤ϡɽΤΤȯס2Ĥϡִɽʸȯס3ĤϡֲʸδѤȯפ󤷤ƤƤ褤Powell ʸʸѤƶƤ롥ʸηкѹ¦̤ΤߤܤƤ褦˸롥
2Ρִɽʸȯפζ̤ˤĤơǤΥե٥åȤȯǤʤᤤʳǤΥ쥿ΥҥդˤڤƤΤϱԤ

Powell, Barry B. Writing: Theory and History of the Technology of Civilization. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

Referrer (Inside): [2026-04-08-1]

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2026-03-07 Sat

#6158. Powell ˤʸʬ [grammatology][terminology][writing][alphabet][phoneme]


categories_of_writing_by_powell.png



嵭ϡPowell ʸܤ礭޼Ƥ "THE CATEGORIES OF WRITING" Ǥ롥ʸʬ1Ĥιͤʬβϡp. 52 ˤޤȤƤ롥

1 Semasiography: Writing in which the signs are not attached to necessary forms of speech. Sematograms, the elements of semasiography, may be arranged in any conventional way.
2 Lexigoraphy: Writing in which the signs are attached to necessary forms of speech. They are (usually) arranged in a linear sequence corresponding to sounds in speech. There are two divisions.
   (i) Logography: the signs represent words (but not sounds), significant segments of speech. A logography would be a system in which logograms, the elements of logography, predominate (sometimes logograms do not follow the same order as words in speech).
   (ii) Phonography: the signs represent sounds. Such sounds are ordinarily nonsignificant elements of speech. There are two kinds of phonographic systems.
      Syllabography: the signs represent syllables, the smallest apprehensible elements of speech. A Syllabography would be a system in which syllabograms predominate.
      Alphabetic writing: the signs represent elements of speech smaller than syllables, although such sounds do not exist in nature as separable elements of speech. In alphabetic writing letters predominate.


ǸΥե٥åȡñʸˤβˤơñʤɤȤñ̤ϼˤ¸ߤʤΤפȤ˥ϥäȤ줿ñʸפȤϡֲʸפªۤ褤Τ (phoneme) Ͽʹ֤ˤݲλʪǤꡤʸƤȤȤˡե٥åȤκθŪʰյȲͤΤȻפ

Powell, Barry B. Writing: Theory and History of the Technology of Civilization. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

Referrer (Inside): [2026-04-08-1] [2026-03-08-1]

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2025-10-14 Tue

#6014. ɽڡ­ʤȤˤ첻ΤƤ --- Ѹ˾ͥ from ѡ [writing][spelling][consonant][vowel][abbreviation][alphabet]

New Zealand Christchurch 夤2ּ夬вᤷäˤʤäƤ뤤ĤΥѡޡåȤ1Ĥ"NZ's Lowest Food Prices" NZΥѡ PAK'n'SAVE Ҹ˷ε祹ѡǡ·į⤯Ǥ֤˺롥NZŪڡϤܿޤᥢΤΤ롥ŪʥΤۤɱѸǤɽФƤʤΤʤΤǡŹ⤭Τñ˱Ѹؽˤ褤
ܿêįƤȤظêˤ᡼ץ륷åפ볦äʲμ̤̿Υ٥ɤǤߤȡΤ褦ˤ롧"PAMS FINEST / MPLE SYRP / CNDIAN A GRD / 250ML"

Maple Syrup in PAK'n'SAVE 20251006

٥ε󤬶ΤǡֻάʤDzά뤫ȤСŵŪ첻Ǥ롥Ҳϲιʤ뤿ᡤ줵Ĥɤ߼ˤȤäƽʬʥҥȤˤʤ뤫ºݤ˱ѸμСʤΤΤ⤽ˤ뤿ᡤƬŸΤѰդեŸ "PAMS FINEST / MAPLE SYRUP /CANADIAN A GRADE / 250ML" Ȥʤ롥
ѡαѸֻˤ뤳Τ褦ʾάϡե٥åʸǤϹΤ٤ߤгƸβ󡤲ṽ¤ֻηϤ˰¸ΤȻפ뤬ҲĤΤܤǤ롥
ηϡʸȤ櫓ɽʸȯŸηаޤϢưƤ̣ĹʸȯŸɽʸϡʤʸʸˤơɽʸؤȯŸɽʸϡޤʸϤޤΤ̤㤨 /ka/ Ȥ֤פȲ̾1ʸǽ񤯤褦ȯۤΤ褦ʲʸϡФ첻̵뤷ƻҲΤߤɸˡȯã֤פȽ񤤤Ƥʤ顤 /k/ ȤñȤλҲȤɤޤ첻Ρɤ߼ΤơפǤ롥
ʤߤˡե٥åȯãˤįƤ⡤ҲŻ뤹ӤƤ롥ˤϡե٥åȤȤñʸҲŻβṽ¤ĥե²ˤȯȯã¤طƤŪ첻Ϸڻ뤵ƤΤǤ롥ե٥åȻˤǤ褯ΤƤ褦ˡ첻ѶŪˡֽ񤭵ߤưФΤϡե˥ʸ饮ꥷʸȤäʹߡ޻ŸФơ޻ʸǤ⡤§Ȥ첻ɽֻդ
᡼ץ륷åפΤ褦ˡɽڡ­ʤȤ󤴤Ȥʤ𤬤ˡҲĤ첻ΤƤȤΤϡ̣ʸˤ̤äƤ뤫Τ褦ʸݤʤΤǤ롥֤ä᡼ץ륷åפêǡ鷺ˡ˥ե٥åȻ3700ǯ򿶤֤ä补

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2025-09-01 Mon

#5971. 602ǯKent ǥ޻Ѥ [alphabet][christianity][oe][anglo-saxon][st_augustine][history][writing][runic][kentish][oe_dialect][jute][100_places]

597ǯKent ˥ꥹȶ⤿餵줿аޤˤĤƤϡ#5444. űѸθʸɤ --- 597ǯ󥰥ɤǥꥹȶ۶Ϥޤ ([2024-03-23-1]) εǼ夲Ƥ󥰥ɻ˾塤ƱѸ˾塤ƽʽäȤäƤ褤
͡ʥѥȤäΤ1ĤϥꥹȶȤȤ˥޻ (Roman alphabet) Ƴ줿Ȥ衤ޥ̱²ϥ޻ȿ̴طˤä롼ʸ (runic script) äƤ򵡤˻ʸ޻ؤȾ괹ƤȤˤʤä
Υ޻μƤξħŪǯȤơ602ǯ󤲤뤳ȤǤ롥Lucas and Mulvey (19) "CANTERBURY --- The adoption of the Roman alphabet (602)" ꤹᤫ顤Ƭ3Ѥ롥

The Jutish kingdom of Kent is the first region of post-Roman Britannia to leave evidence of an organized realm. That is because Kent was the first area to be reconverted to Christianity. Sent by Pope Gregory, Augustine and fellow monks arrived in Canterbury in 597, bringing not only Christianity but also writing in the form of Roman script. In 602, King Ethelbert of Kent had the monks write down the laws of his people in that script.
   Those laws, called 'dooms', had been brought to Kent from Continental Europe 150 years before. They are the first surviving example, in any Germanic language, of a legal document. They are the starting point of the Anglo-American common law and tradition. They are also of great importance in the history of the English language.
   First, they show that within five years of the arrival of the Roman script, it had been adopted in place of the runic alphabet . . . . Second, they provide evidence of Kentish, a dialect of English that was to disappear altogether. Third, they are the beginning of regular and widespread written records in English, as the script of the dooms spread rapidly west and north.


Ȳ Ethelbert 602ǯˡΧ޻ǽ񤭵ȤΤθαѸΥ޻ѤˤȤäƷŪʽäȤˤʤ롥ˡˤδ˽פǯäȤʬ롥
ˤƤ޻ιᤤ®597ǯΤ5ǯΤȤǤ롥޻ϴְ㤤ʤꥹȶȤȤˤ⤿餵줿ΤʤΤ


Lucas-Mulvey-History_front_cover.png



Lucas, Bill and Christopher Mulvey. A History of the English Language in 100 Places. London: Robert Hale, 2013.

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2025-03-19 Wed

#5805. Skeat ȯͩΰ [ghost_word][minim][spelling][alphabet][manuscript][palaeography][thorn][th][graphemics][editing]

ε#5804. ܤɤߴְ㤨䤹ʸ --- ߽ͩФ ([2025-03-18-1]) ǡSkeat ޤȤ᤿ɤ߰㤤䤹ʸˤΰ򼨤ܤιԤϸ§ȤʸؤΥץǤϤ뤬ΥץǤϤޤäƤޤʸ櫤¿ȤȤSkeat ϡΤ褦櫤ˤϤޤäԤޤ餺߽ФƤޤäͩ (ghost_word) ο򡤼ȤʸκǸ󤷤Ƥ (373--74) ̤ΤʤֻSkeat ιͤȤˤͩŪǤʤֻǤ롥

abacot (a bicocket)
abofted (abosted)
allryn (alkyn)
belene (beleue)
beuen (benen)
bewunus (bewunne)
bolueden (bolneden)
bouchen (bonchen)
char (thar)
chek yn a tyde (chek-matyde),
chesse (chese)
chichingis (thithingis, error for tithingis)
clamupe (claurnpe)
cleue (clene)
conise (comse)
conisyng (comspg)
coppin (croppin)
corves (cornes)
couuen (coxmen)
cronde (croude)
culde (tulde)
culpis (cuupis ? for coupis ?),
degontit (degoutit)
desouled (defouled)
dimnede (diuinede)
dolf (douf)
dolp (doup)
drinen (driuen)
dymnede (dyuinede)
eftures (esteres, estres)
enchausyt (enchaufyt)
encortif (encorcif)
flocced (flotted)
folloke (wilfolloker)
forbusur (forbusne)
forgalbed (forgabbed)
fonngit (foriugit)
fouk (fonk)
founed (fonned)
galbert (gabbert)
golk (gouk)
gramity (graunty)
havin (harm)
hetheued (heued)
holk (houk)
howen, howne (howue)
kimes (knives)
lath (lay)
lessyt (leffyt)
lohe (lome)
maused (mansed)
monelich (menelich)
morse (nurse)
moyt (mo þat)
nalle (ualle)
nolt (nout)
onen (ouen)
ouershuppe (ouerhuppe)
owery (dwerþ)
palke (pakke)
palpis (paupis)
panfray (paufray)
pantener (pautener)
pavade (panade)
polien (þolien)
polk (pouk)
porcours (portours)
punniten (permuten)
rendit (vondit)
rentful (reuful)
renthe (reuthe)
reuk (renk)
rolkis (rokkis)
roned (roued)
sangtle (saughtle)
satoure (fatoure)
scharpe (schappe)
sharter (Charter)
skowurand (skownrand)
slalk (slakk)
soket (Coket)
sordid (fordid)
spelk (spekk)
stone (schon)
succh (sutth)
suten (sitten)
Syvewarm (Fysewarin)
talbart (tabbart)
tavart (tabart)
thame (tharne)
treryn (temp)
tyre (cyre)
ulode (correct; u=v)
ullorxa (?)
vyt (rycht)
walk (wakk, later wauk)
walkrif (wakkrif, later waukrif)
walknit (wakknit, later wauknit)
watte (waite)
wayne (wayue)
wok (woux)
ytoped (ycoped)
yvete (ybete)


Skeat ϡԤΥߥˤä뤳Τ褦ͩ줬夷˺ϿޤǤƤޤǽ˶ƤʸؤΥץȤƤʤΤ

Skeat, Walter W. "Report upon 'Ghost-words,' or Words which Have no Real Existence." in the President's Address for 1886. Transactions of the Philological Society for 1885--87. Vol. 2. 350--80.

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2025-03-18 Tue

#5804. ܤɤߴְ㤨䤹ʸ --- ߽ͩФ [minim][spelling][alphabet][manuscript][ghost_word][palaeography][thorn][th][graphemics][punctuation]

ǶᤤĤεǡͩ (ghost_word) 夲ƤѸߤοƤǤ Skeat ϡͩʸΤʤǡͩνиظˤܾʸˤɤ߰㤤ܺ٤Ƥ롥Ȥ櫓ɤߴְ㤨䤹ʸˤΥꥹȤƤΤǡʬѤ褦 (372)

I now proceed to make a list of the symbols which, in the foregoing examples, have been misread and confused. The following groups denote the confused symbols: b, v; c, t; d, o; e, o, s; f, s; k, lr; m, ui, in; n, u; o, d, e; p, þ (th); r, v; s, C, e, f; y, þ (th). Also mi, un; mu, um; ni, in; rp, pp; tt, it; ur, ne; unn, erm; vin, rm. Also lb, bb; lk, kk. Very few of these mistakes result from the misreading of marks of contraction. If I were to add examples of this character, the number of ghost-words would be very largely increased.


ʤ㤬 (minim) ǹʸˤޤǤ롥minim γʡˤ˴ؿäϡ#4134. unmummied --- ֤äƤѤʤȤˤʤäƤñβԡ ([2020-08-21-1]) #5215. ư줫ʻžʤ褦ˤߤ̾졦ƻΰ ([2023-08-07-1]) ʤɤɤ
ޤ<th> űѸ졦Ѹʸ <þ> (thorn) ˤĤƤϡ#1428. ye = the ([2013-03-25-1]) ʤɤ򻲾Ȥ

Skeat, Walter W. "Report upon 'Ghost-words,' or Words which Have no Real Existence." in the President's Address for 1886. Transactions of the Philological Society for 1885--87. Vol. 2. 350--80.

Referrer (Inside): [2025-03-19-1]

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2025-01-18 Sat

#5745. ե٥åȤʸ [corpus][link][alphabet][frequency][statistics][letter_frequency][bnc][morse_code]

AZޤǤΥե٥åʸΤʤǡǤ٤ι⤤ʸ㤤ʸϲʸ (letter_frequency) ˤĤƤϡ#308. Ѹκѱñꥹȡ ([2010-03-01-1]) β Letter Frequencies (rankings for various languages) ؤΥ󥯤󤲤Ȥꡤ͡ʸ䥳ѥǤνɽФƤ롥㤨СBNC ˰͵򤹤 "etaoinsrhldcumfpgwybvkxjqz" νɽ롥
Crystal (277) ˤϡThe Cambridge Encyclopedia (1st ed.) ƥȡ150򥳡ѥȤʸɽǤƤ롥ٽ (Cumulative) Τߤʤ餺ʸءʪءؤγơΥơޤȤ٤ Morse code (morse_code) ٤碌ƼƤ롥ʲΥդϡX˱äٽ (= "eatinorslhdcmufpgbywvkxjq") ʸ¤١YƥơǤٳɴʬΨˤȤΤǤɽϥ HTML 򻲾ȡˡ


letter_frequency.png



ٽ˾Ȥ餷ƥơޤȤħ򸫤ƤߤȤȡǤɸŪǤ롥ʸؤ³ɸफ󤶤äƤΤءʪء Morse code Ȥʤ롥
ġʸߤȶ̣¿롥Ū˽Ǥ <h> ¿ (holy?) <l> ʤȡʸؤǤ <w> ¿Ȥϲ̣Τʪؤ䲽ؤϥƥ󡦥ꥷϤñ줬¿ޤޤƤ뤿ˡ¾̤Ȥϼ㴳ۤʤʸ٤򼨤ƤΤ⤷ʤ͹Ū Morse code ϡ¾ΥơޤȤܤ˸ưۤʤƤ뤳Ȥ狼롥

Crystal, D. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. 3rd ed. CUP, 2018.

Referrer (Inside): [2026-01-01-1]

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2024-09-12 Thu

#5617. ָűѸLINEספ꡼ --- 󥰥 Winewulf ȤȤ˸űѸΰڤ⤦ [oe][hellive2024][ole_english_stickers][winewulf][khelf][calligraphy][alphabet][greetings]

00_winewulf_small.png



ϤȤƤ⥨ƥ󥰤ʤΤ餻Ǥheldio/helwa ǴΩƤ줿ָűѸLINEספ֤ͭμˤ괰ޤ98ΡֱѸ˥饤2024פȤˤƤϪܤȤʤޤΤȤˤϳǤξפץåȡָűѸ쥹פˤƥפ路礦Ȥ٥Ȥ»ܤޤҳָűѸ쥹סˤʤꡤꤷŪˤȤ

ᥤ󥭥 Winewulf

ΥפΥᥤ󥭥饯ϥ󥰥 Winewulf ʥͥաˤǤ̾ϸűѸǡͧΡϵˡפ̣ޤͦǿͥ󥰥ΤǤȽ֤ޥȤʤӤ⤷ΤλѤǤǤƿƤߤ䤹ɽħǤǤűѸ򿥤򤼤ʤ顤Υȡ˱Ѹˤ᤭Ǥޤ
嵭Υ饹ȤǤϡWinewulf Ic eom Winewulf ֻϥͥդǤפȼʾҲ򤷤ƤޤפǤϡ¾ȤǤ밧䴶դεθűѸȯƤޤ㤨С֤Ϥ褦פΰ̣ Godne morȝen 򡤴դε Ic ðancie ðe 򾧤ƤޤѸ˹ˤϤԤäΥפǤ

ָűѸLINEספλ

ָűѸLINEספϡ¾򸫤ʤܵλߤǤפ˻ѤƤűѸʸϡűѸ츦ԤǤϽؤʾءˤ khelf ƣ蘆ʷرˡӻ伫Ȥ亴Ū˴ƽޤơʸϡűѸɽŪʽΤǤ "Insular Minuscule" ֤Ƥꡤޤθʸ˼褦ʴФ̣廊ޤܸդƤޤΤǡס︯Ǥޤ

ʥǻȤޤ

ͧãȤä˱ѸŪʥȤäȤ
and/or ˤ˶̣Τ֤ȥˡʤڤ̤
ʤΰ䴶դεüʸ졦ʸƤߤȤ
Winewulf ͵Ĺ뤿ˡ

űѸ̥Ϥ Winewulf ΡָűѸ쥹ספȤäơĤΥȡ쵤̤ʤΤѤǤ礦Winewulf Ȱͧã²ȤΥߥ˥ڤǤߤޤ󤫡¾ΤʤܳŪʥפǡå˱ѸˤοߤäƤ

Ϥ餫ɤ

ָűѸ쥹סϡLINEȥˤƹɾȯǤۤꤷƤޤWinewulf о줹륹8ĤΥåȤϡűѸʸȥ顦ǥξڤʤǤҥåƤߤƤ

饹ȥ졼ȴƽԤؤδ

פΥ饹ȥ졼ϡheldio ͭǡץߥꥹʡۿֱͥѸˤء (helwa) ֥ͭꥹʡLilimi MISATO (Galois) ǤƽξϽؤƣ蘆ޤᡤɤγοϤ˴դޤ

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2023-10-10 Tue

#5279. Z ο䤷 [notice][z][alphabet][ame_bre][greek][latin][french][academy][shakespeare][consonant][youtube][grapheme][link][spelling][helsta]

ۿ YouTube ΡְʼδѸظإͥפκǿ#169. ʤ Z ϥե٥åȤκǸɤ줿Τ --- Ϯ줿 Z ʪǤŪˡ ZפȾΤƤ襤ʸ˥ݥåȥ饤Ȥơ12ʬۤɽ椷Ƹޤ Z ¿ʤȤ̾־ǤФ褤ΤǤ



z ʸˤĤƤϡ hellog Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)ΤǤ⡤͡˼夲ƤޤZ α̾־Τ˽ϤƤǤ Z ˴ؤϤʾ師ĤʤʤäƤޤΤǡͥȤƤϤäǤڤˤʤꤽǤ
ޤǤ Z ο䤷󤷤ޤ



hellog

#305. -ise -ize ([2010-02-26-1])
#314. -ise -ize (2) ([2010-03-07-1])
#446. ֤ȤĤäƤ <z> ([2010-07-17-1])
#447. Dalziel, MacKenzie, Menzies <z> ([2010-07-18-1])
#799. ±ʣ <z> ([2011-07-05-1])
#964. z ʸȯ (1) ([2011-12-17-1])
#965. z ʸȯ (2) ([2011-12-18-1])
#1914. <g> ֤ ([2014-07-24-1])
#2916. Ϣ4֥ꥹѸ autumn ȥꥫѸ fall --- ʣŪ׹ͤΤס ([2017-04-21-1])
#2925. autumn vs fall, zed vs zee ([2017-04-30-1])
#4990. ư -ize/-ise ˡ ([2022-12-25-1])
#4991. -ise -ize --- 2Ĥ ([2022-12-26-1])
#5042. δñѸ in English٤Ϣ24ʺǽˡ֥ե٥åȺǸʸ Z Υߥƥ꡼ס ([2023-02-15-1])

heldio (Voicy)

#171. z r ȯϰճȻƤ (2021/11/18)
#540. Z ˤĤƸޤ (2022/11/22)
#541. Z zee zed (2022/11/23)

[ helsta (stand.fm) ˻Ϥޤ ]

#3. ư -ize ΢á (2023/10/08)




Z ˴ؤ뿷ͥŹळȤǤС Z α̾־ư®䤫ĤǤ͡줫 Z ˤϤҤȤͥܤƤƤ͡

[ | ѥڡ ]

2023-07-30 Sun

#5207. īΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤפ򽪤ޤ [asacul][writing][grammatology][alphabet][notice][spelling][oe][literature][beowulf][runic][christianity][latin][alliteration][distinctiones][punctuation][standardisation][voicy][heldio]

#5194. 729ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤס ([2023-07-17-1]) Ǥ⤷̤ꡤī㡼󥿡ɶˤƥ꡼ֺʸֻαѸˡ2ȤʤָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤ򳫹֤ޤ¿̤뤤ϥ饤ǻäޤƴտ夲ޤ꤬Ȥޤ
űѸˡˤƱѸüԤޥ̱²äƤ롼ʸΤơ޻ƤΤơˤƥ޻DZѸɽˡˤĤƻ֤򤫤ϺƤäΤޤ޻Ƴˡ޻μʤƥѸֻűѸֻɸಽ (standardisation) űѻ Beowulf ˤߤʸֻˤĤơ3֤äޤ
βä4󥷥꡼Ⱦ2󤬽λȤˤʤޤ3ϾΤȤˤʤޤ107ڡˤ 15:00~18:45 ˡѸֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡפȤƳ֤ͽǤѸˤϡűѸȯãƤֻ1066ǯΥΥޥˤä뤹ȤŪѲޤǷˤꡤθαѸֻϥƻ򤿤ɤ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ
ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפϥ꡼ȤϤƲϴϢĤĤΩƤȤʤäƤޤʹߤβ³ꤤޤԹ礬դʤǤ⡤ÿޤȸư1ָۿˤ˥Ǥ褦ˤʤޤΤǡѤ⤴Ƥ
ܥ꡼ȴϢơʲ hellog ɤߤ

hellog #5088. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ ([2023-04-02-1])
hellog #5194. 729ڡˡīΥ꡼ֺ¡ʸֻαѸˡפ2ָűѸֻ --- ޻μʤס ([2023-07-17-1])

Ʊͤˡ꡼ȴϢŤ Voicy heldio ۿ⤪İФȡ

heldio #668. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429Ϥޤޤ2023ǯ330
heldio #778. űѸʸ --- 729ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ2˸ơ2023ǯ718


Referrer (Inside): [2024-02-03-1] [2023-09-24-1]

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2023-05-12 Fri

#5128. 17ʸؤδؿϥƥΰҿοब [writing_system][alphabet][latin][prestige][emode][history_of_linguistics][orthoepy][orthography][pictogram]

ڥ󥰤αѸˤ路 Horobin ˤȡ17αѸҲˤϽΥޥ󡦥ե٥åȤǤϤʤ̤ʸͰƤ褦ȤưƤ
16--17ˤ (orthoepy) ȯãȼäˡ (orthography) ؤδؿޤäǾ뤵줿Τϥޥ󡦥ե٥åȤԴäռΤȤǡʤŪʸηϤϺ뤳ȤˤʤäȤɬȤɬä17ʸιͰƤưˤϤ⤦1ġƱͭװäΤǤϤʤȤĹ餯衼åѼҲ׸ȤǧƤƥοǤ롥Ťסָפ줫ȤˡסʸפϺ褦ˤʤäȤΤϡήȤƤ⤷Horobin (25) Ѥ롥

Attempts have also been made to devise alphabets to overcome the difficulties caused by this mismatch between figura and potestas. In the seventeenth century, a number of scholars attempted to create a universal writing system which could be understood by everyone, irrespective of their native language. This determination was motivated in part by a dissatisfaction with the Latin alphabet, which was felt to be unfit for purpose because of its lack of sufficient letters and because of the differing ways it was employed by the various European languages. The seventeenth century also witnessed the loss of Latin as a universal language of scholarship, as scholars increasingly began to write in their native tongues. The result was the creation of linguistic barriers, hindering the dissemination of ideas. This could be overcome by the creation of a universal writing system in which characters represented concepts rather than sounds, thereby enabling scholars to read works composed in any language. This search for a universal writing system was prompted in part by the mistaken belief that the Egyptian system of hieroglyphics was designed to represent the true essence and meaning of an object, rather than the name used to refer to it. Some proponents of a universal system were inspired by the Chinese system of writing, although this was criticized by others on account of the large number of characters required and for the lack of correspondence between the shapes of the characters and the concepts they represent.


21θߡʸȤƤγʸԥȥ (pictogram) βǽܤ󤻤Ƥ롥ˤ׸Ȥ٤Ѹ줬17ΥƥΤ褦˿षƤ櫓ǤɬʤΤΡʸȤƤΥԥȥϺؤδؿޤäƤȤΤ϶̣17ȸξϤɤΤ褦оȤǤ
Ϣơ#2244. ԥȥβǽ ([2015-06-19-1])#422. ʸμ ([2010-06-23-1]) 򻲾ȡ

Horobin, Simon. Does Spelling Matter? Oxford: OUP, 2013.
󡦥ۥӥˡ δˡإڥ󥰤αѸˡ١˼2017ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2024-10-29-1]

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2023-05-03 Wed

#5119. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ1򽪤ޤ [asacul][writing][grammatology][alphabet][notice]

429ڡˡī㡼󥿡ɶˤƿ꡼ֺʸֻαѸˡץ󤷤ޤ1ǯۤɤƽղƽߤ4󡤱ѸʸֻˤˤĤƤäƤޤ
ʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤꤷơʸεȯãȤ櫓ե٥åȤŪȤ򳵴Ѥޤ2ܰʹߡѸֻܳŪƳƤȤˤʤޤϤβȤơ⤽ʸȤϲ䤤ʸ䡦ࡦˤˤĤƵޤ
ϡɶǤ̤ӥ饤ˤ¿˻äƤޤ꤬Ȥޤֺˤ󤻤ƤΤߤʤ餺ֺ¸Ĥʸ夬ޤʹߤꤤޤ
峫֤Ʋϸߤ˴ϢĤĤΩƤޤΤǡؿΤΤߤλäǤꤢޤԹ礬դʤǤ⡤ߤޤȸư1ָۿˤ˥Ǥ褦ˤʤޤΤǡѤ⤴Ƥ
꡼Τγפʲ˼ޤ

ե٥åȤϸǺǤ⹭ѤƤʸηϤǤꡤѸ⤽ƤޤΤ褦ʱѸ⥢ե٥åȤȤˤβǽвäΤˤֻȤƼʤƤΤǯʾǯפޤֺܹ¤ǤϡѸ줬ʸֻȳƮƤˤ򤿤ɤޤ


4Υȥϰʲ̤Ǥ

1ʸεȯã --- ե٥åȤγȤʽա429˳ֺѤߡ
2󡡸űѸֻ --- ޻μʤʲơ729˳ͽ
3Ѹֻ --- ɸʤ˱ɡʽ̤
4󡡶Ѹֻ --- ɸಽܻؤơߡ̤

꡼ҲȤơVoicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)פˤ#668. īֺ¤ο꡼ʸֻαѸˡפ429ϤޤޤۿƤޤΤǡҤİ


Referrer (Inside): [2024-02-03-1] [2023-09-24-1]

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2023-04-29 Sat

#5115. ե٥åȤεȯãˤĤƤ2ĤΥƥ [voicy][heldio][start_up_hel_2023][hel_contents_50_2023][alphabet][grammatology][etruscan][greek][latin][history][khelf]

4⽪˶ŤGW Ϥޤޤοǯ١khelfʷѸ˥եˤǤϡֱѸ˥ȥåס״ (cat:start_up_hel_2023) ΰĤȤֱѸ˥ƥ50򳫺ǤĥĤȥƥĤѤ߾夬ꡤǤ14ܤƤޤϢϵٻߤޤ줫ޤޤ³ޤ
ϤޤǤΥȥåΤʤ顤ե٥åȤˤ˴ؤرΥƥĤҲ𤷤ޤ礦419˸줿#6. <b> <d> ʶ路Ǥȥ뤫Ǥʤ⤷ޤ󤬡ƥĤȾϥե٥åȤεȯãȤ櫓޻ˤ˾ƤƤޤ


#6. <b>  <d> ʶ路



ΤӡƱƥĤԤȤ̤Ȥǥ饸ޤVoicy [ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)פ#698. ե٥åȤˤ򶵤Ƥ --- ߷Ȥ̡ȤۿƤޤΤǡ碌Ƥİ



ܥ֥ꥢե٥åȤˤ˴ؤ뵭ȤƤϰʲ򻲾Ȥ

#423. ե٥åȤˡ ([2010-06-24-1])
#490. ե٥åȤε North Semitic ̤롩 ([2010-08-30-1])
#2888. ʸˤˤե˥ʸν ([2017-03-24-1])
#1849. ե٥åȤηޡ ([2014-05-20-1])

Referrer (Inside): [2023-05-01-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2023-02-15 Wed

#5042. δñѸ in English٤Ϣ24ʺǽˡ֥ե٥åȺǸʸ Z Υߥƥ꡼ [notice][sobokunagimon][rensai][z][ame_bre][alphabet][voicy][heldio]

δñѸ in English٤3椬ȯȤʤޤǴ2ǯ³Ϣܡˤ򤭡ѸΥܥʵפ24ǡǽȤʤޤ夲ϡǽˤդ路֥ե٥åȺǸʸ Z Υߥƥ꡼פǤм˼äƤФȻפޤ

δñѸ in English2023ǯ3



ƬZ ϤäȤ֤ξʤʸפǤϡZ ѸΥե٥å26ʸǤ٤㤤ʸǤ뤳ȤҤ٤ޤ³Z ޤñ󤲤ƤߤȡפǤϡZ ޤñ줬󤵤ƤޤѥäȤʤΤФǤS Z μϰϤˤĤƤ⿨ޤΡԤοפǤϡ褤 Z ᰥˤ餫ˤޤǽȯϡ֥פ֥åɡפפǤϡʸɤƤ֤˴ؤ뺮ȶˤ졤ѸαƺäڤӤޤ
24³ϢܤϺ Z ĤޤɼԤ󤻤줿ˤ⤢ꡤɮԤȤƤڤߤʤɮ򼹤뤳ȤǤޤԽԤǫʤŻ˽졤ƥ饹ȥ졼γΩõ她ˤ⸵Ť졤24Ǥޤطγͤ˴פޤ2ǯ֤Τɡ꤬Ȥޤ
֤ΰ̣ᡤVoicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)Ǻǯ1022Ǹ#509. Τ˱ѸϢܤ񤤤Ƥޤ⤪İФȤȻפޤ



Ϣܡˤ򤭡ѸΥܥʵפϤˤƽλȤʤޤѸˤ򤭼Τϡ hellog Ǥ⡤¾ΤǤ⡤³Ƥޤ³ꤤޤ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-10-10-1]

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2023-02-07 Tue

#5034. إܥ󼰥޻ɽ˱ѸǤƤ롩 [youtube][notice][romaji][digraph][h][spelling][orthography][french][norman_conquest][link][alphabet]

줿 YouTube ְʼδѸظإͥκǿǤϡѸˤδܸɽ뤿Υ޻ˤĤơȤ櫓إܥ󼰥޻ˤĤƸäƤޤֺǶ褯 shichiji ʤɤΥ޻ɽϡ¤ϱѸŪǤϤʤǤ17ʬưȤʤäƤޤɤİ



͵򤷤޻Ѥ˴ؤǡϡǯ930ʸģ줿2021ǯ٤ֹ˴ؤĴη̤Ǥܺ٤3ǯ١ֹ˴ؤĴפη̤ˤĤơ (PDF) ꤴǧޤ
ܸɽ뤿Υ޻λѤˤĤƤϡޤǤ͡ʵꡤܥ֥Ǥ romaji ε¿夲Ƥޤ YouTube ưȤȤ櫓ϢοؤΥ󥯤ĥäƤޤΤǡ碌ƤȤ

#3427. ἰܼإܥ󼰤Υ޻ĤŤоɽ ([2018-09-14-1])
#1892. ֥޻ΤĤŤס ([2014-07-02-1])
#1879. ܸˤ޻ˡ ([2014-06-19-1])
#2550. 붵եɥå褬ȯ줿 ([2016-04-20-1])
#4905. ְΡפ Aichi Aiti ([2022-10-01-1])
#4925. ޻ɽɤȱѸ쥹ڥ󥰴 ([2022-10-21-1])
#1893. إܥ󼰥޻ <sh>, <ch>, <j> ϤɤΤ餤Ѹ ([2014-07-03-1])
#3251. <chi> ϡ֥פ֥פ֥פ֥ҡפ ([2018-03-22-1])

ܸҲ񤬤ˤƥ޻Ȥե٥åʸηϤƤѤʤ褦ȤƤ򿶤֤뤳Ȥϡ줫ѸϤȤθʸȤɤդäƤͤǤʤȤȹͤޤư̤ơܸɽ뤿Υ޻ѤˤĤƲƹͤƤߤƤϤǤ礦

Referrer (Inside): [2025-06-27-1]

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2023-02-05 Sun

#5032. ൭Τ⡡пʹϢܡ֥ƥΥȿפκǿʸȯ [notice][speech][writing][medium][alphabet][kanji][grammatology]

24λпʹīˡϢܡ֥ƥΥȿκǿȤʤ뵭ʸȯפǺܤޤпʹβʳԽѰεԡĹβ𤵤ˤʸˤˤĤƼޤơ󤽤줬Ȥʤޤ¾Ȥˤषǡʸ⤭Ħˤ񤫤Ƥޤ֤ǤϸȤȤǤ򸫤ĤƤɤߤФȡ  *

пʹϢܡ֥ƥΥȿפκǿʸȯפǼޤ



θ漼Ǽޤ2ֶ᤯ڤäޤϢܡ֥ƥΥȿפ20ˤ錄³ƤԤ򤷤ơ֤Ϥʸκȯפȸ碌᤿ȤϸӤǤ⤽ͤƤޤΤ (^^;;ǤϤؤäˤʤޤ
#5022. hellog ʸˤ˴ؤ뵭 ([2023-01-26-1]) ꤷƥ󥯤ޤμȤδϢǤޤȤ᤿ΤǤƻпʹΡʸȯ׵ȤȤˡ⤴Ф¸ޤ
ֻ21⡤ʸϴְ㤤ʤκǶġǤ³ޤ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2023-01-26 Thu

#5022. hellog ʸˤ˴ؤ뵭 [link][grammatology][speech][writing][medium][alphabet][alphabet][punctuation][kanji]

ܥ֥ǤϹʸ (grammatology) ˴ؤ¿夲Ƥɸ˷ǤƤ륿ʤɤéäƤ¿ε˥Ǥ뤬Ǥ¿ӤˤȻפΤǡ˵פȤˤᵭ󥯤Ƥʸפ˴ؿΤˤȤäơͤˤʤȻפޤ

ΡäդȽ񤭸աʸ

#230. äȤФȽ񤭤ȤФΩŪ ([2009-12-13-1])
#748. äդȽ񤭸ա ([2011-05-15-1])
#849. äդȽ񤭸 (2) ([2011-08-24-1])
#1001. äȤФȽ񤭤Ȥ (3) ([2012-01-23-1])
#1664. CMC (computer-mediated communication) ([2013-11-16-1])
#1665. äȤФȽ񤭤Ȥ (4) ([2013-11-17-1])
#1829. 񤭸եƥȤ3Ĥεǽ ([2014-04-30-1])
#2301. äդȽ񤭸դĤʤڥȥ ([2015-08-15-1])
#2417. ʸݼƿ ([2015-12-09-1])
#2701. ŹȤƤʸ ([2016-09-18-1])
#3274. äդȽ񤭸 (5) ([2018-04-14-1])
#3886. äȤФȽ񤭤Ȥ (6) ([2019-12-17-1])

Ρʸμࡦˡ

#422. ʸμ ([2010-06-23-1])
#1822. ʸη ([2014-04-23-1])
#1834. ʸǯɽ ([2014-05-05-1])
#1849. ե٥åȤηޡ ([2014-05-20-1])
#1853. ʸη (2) ([2014-05-24-1])
#2389. ʸηϤεȯã (1) ([2015-11-11-1])
#2390. ʸηϤεȯã (2) ([2015-11-12-1])
#2398. ʸη (3) ([2015-11-20-1])
#2399. ݷʸǯɽ ([2015-11-21-1])
#2414. ʸǯɽʥӥ󥽥ǡˡ ([2015-12-06-1])
#2416. ʸη (4) ([2015-12-08-1])
#3443. ɽʸɽʸ ([2018-09-30-1])

Ρե٥åȤˡħ

#423. ե٥åȤˡ ([2010-06-24-1])
#490. ե٥åȤε North Semitic ̤롩 ([2010-08-30-1])
#1861. Ѹ쥢ե٥åȤñ㤵 ([2014-06-01-1])
#2105. Ѹ쥢ե٥åȤ ([2015-01-31-1])
#2888. ʸˤˤե˥ʸν ([2017-03-24-1])

ΡʸŤʸ

#1838. ʸ ([2014-05-09-1])
#2429. ե٥åȤȤ ([2015-12-21-1])
#850. 񤭸դȯŪ׹ͤδط ([2011-08-25-1])
#2577. ʸηϤ˴ؤҲŪװ ([2016-05-17-1])
#3486. ͭʸȯʤäȤƤġġ ([2018-11-12-1])
#3700. ֥ե٥åȤŴˤʸ罰 ([2019-06-14-1])
#3768. ִ¿ͤʲߤʤ롤٤μʡס ([2019-08-21-1])
#3837. ơˡʸȿˡ --- 5ĤʸȯŸˡ ([2019-10-29-1])

Ρʸȶˡ

#808. smileys or emoticons ([2011-07-14-1])
#2244. ԥȥβǽ ([2015-06-19-1])
#2400. ԥȥβǽ (2) ([2015-11-22-1])
#574. punctuation 4Ĥεǽ ([2010-11-22-1])
#575. Ū punctuation ˤ500ǯۤɡ ([2010-11-23-1])
#3045. punctuation εǽ¿ ([2017-08-28-1])

Referrer (Inside): [2023-02-05-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2023-01-26 Thu

#5022. hellog ʸˤ˴ؤ뵭 [link][grammatology][speech][writing][medium][alphabet][alphabet][punctuation][kanji]

ܥ֥ǤϹʸ (grammatology) ˴ؤ¿夲Ƥɸ˷ǤƤ륿ʤɤéäƤ¿ε˥Ǥ뤬Ǥ¿ӤˤȻפΤǡ˵פȤˤᵭ󥯤Ƥʸפ˴ؿΤˤȤäơͤˤʤȻפޤ

ΡäդȽ񤭸աʸ

#230. äȤФȽ񤭤ȤФΩŪ ([2009-12-13-1])
#748. äդȽ񤭸ա ([2011-05-15-1])
#849. äդȽ񤭸 (2) ([2011-08-24-1])
#1001. äȤФȽ񤭤Ȥ (3) ([2012-01-23-1])
#1664. CMC (computer-mediated communication) ([2013-11-16-1])
#1665. äȤФȽ񤭤Ȥ (4) ([2013-11-17-1])
#1829. 񤭸եƥȤ3Ĥεǽ ([2014-04-30-1])
#2301. äդȽ񤭸դĤʤڥȥ ([2015-08-15-1])
#2417. ʸݼƿ ([2015-12-09-1])
#2701. ŹȤƤʸ ([2016-09-18-1])
#3274. äդȽ񤭸 (5) ([2018-04-14-1])
#3886. äȤФȽ񤭤Ȥ (6) ([2019-12-17-1])

Ρʸμࡦˡ

#422. ʸμ ([2010-06-23-1])
#1822. ʸη ([2014-04-23-1])
#1834. ʸǯɽ ([2014-05-05-1])
#1849. ե٥åȤηޡ ([2014-05-20-1])
#1853. ʸη (2) ([2014-05-24-1])
#2389. ʸηϤεȯã (1) ([2015-11-11-1])
#2390. ʸηϤεȯã (2) ([2015-11-12-1])
#2398. ʸη (3) ([2015-11-20-1])
#2399. ݷʸǯɽ ([2015-11-21-1])
#2414. ʸǯɽʥӥ󥽥ǡˡ ([2015-12-06-1])
#2416. ʸη (4) ([2015-12-08-1])
#3443. ɽʸɽʸ ([2018-09-30-1])

Ρե٥åȤˡħ

#423. ե٥åȤˡ ([2010-06-24-1])
#490. ե٥åȤε North Semitic ̤롩 ([2010-08-30-1])
#1861. Ѹ쥢ե٥åȤñ㤵 ([2014-06-01-1])
#2105. Ѹ쥢ե٥åȤ ([2015-01-31-1])
#2888. ʸˤˤե˥ʸν ([2017-03-24-1])

ΡʸŤʸ

#1838. ʸ ([2014-05-09-1])
#2429. ե٥åȤȤ ([2015-12-21-1])
#850. 񤭸դȯŪ׹ͤδط ([2011-08-25-1])
#2577. ʸηϤ˴ؤҲŪװ ([2016-05-17-1])
#3486. ͭʸȯʤäȤƤġġ ([2018-11-12-1])
#3700. ֥ե٥åȤŴˤʸ罰 ([2019-06-14-1])
#3768. ִ¿ͤʲߤʤ롤٤μʡס ([2019-08-21-1])
#3837. ơˡʸȿˡ --- 5ĤʸȯŸˡ ([2019-10-29-1])

Ρʸȶˡ

#808. smileys or emoticons ([2011-07-14-1])
#2244. ԥȥβǽ ([2015-06-19-1])
#2400. ԥȥβǽ (2) ([2015-11-22-1])
#574. punctuation 4Ĥεǽ ([2010-11-22-1])
#575. Ū punctuation ˤ500ǯۤɡ ([2010-11-23-1])
#3045. punctuation εǽ¿ ([2017-08-28-1])

Referrer (Inside): [2023-02-05-1]

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2022-05-15 Sun

#4766. δñѸ in English٤Ϣ15֤ʤ I ʸǽ񤯤Ρ [notice][sobokunagimon][rensai][minim][spelling][orthography][punctuation][capitalisation][alphabet][hel_contents_50_2022][hellog_entry_set]

δñѸ in English٤6椬ȯȤʤޤϢܡˤ򤭡ѸΥܥʵפ15ϡѸ˾֤Ȥ⤤Ѥʵ夲Ƥޤʤ1;ñ̾ I Ͼʸǽ񤯤ΤȤǤ

δñѸ in English2022ǯ6



Ϣϡܥ֥Ǥ#91. ʤ;ñ̾ I ʸǽ񤯤 ([2009-07-27-1]) Ϥ͡ʷǼ夲Ƥޤطʤˤξʸ <i> λΤ˴ؤԹʻ¤ޤʤ <ı> Τ褦˽ (minim) 1ܤǽ񤫤줿ΤǤ줬ΡפȤˤʤޤϢܵǤϡΤ䤳ʤ٤ʬ䤹⤷ޤΤǡɤɤ
¤ܲʹ khelf ٥ֱѸ˥ƥ50ˤơ415رˤ줿ƥĤޤˤν򰷤äƤޤ||||||||||ɤޤȤƥĤǡޤǤǺǤ͵Τ륳ƥĤ1ĤȤʤäƤޤϢܵȹ碌ơƤߤƤ
ϢܵǤϡ⤽ʤե٥åȤˤʸȾʸΤȤ⤦1ĤѤˤ⿨ƤޤˤĤƤϰʲ򤴻Ȥ

hellog-radio: #1. ֤ʤʸȾʸΤǤ
heldio: #50. ʤʸƬͭ̾ʸǻϤΡ
heldio: #136. ̾ʸ񤭤ǻϤƤ17-18
Ϣå

ۤ1ǯۤΤȤˤʤޤ2021ǯ514ʶˤ NHK Υƥȡ֥˼롪פˤơʸȾʸפꤷƤ꤬夲졤ƽԡԤȤƽб餷ޤʲǤͤˡ  *

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