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palaeography - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2025-03-19 Wed

#5805. Skeat ȯͩΰ [ghost_word][minim][spelling][alphabet][manuscript][palaeography][thorn][th][graphemics][editing]

ε#5804. ܤɤߴְ㤨䤹ʸ --- ߽ͩФ ([2025-03-18-1]) ǡSkeat ޤȤ᤿ɤ߰㤤䤹ʸˤΰ򼨤ܤιԤϸ§ȤʸؤΥץǤϤ뤬ΥץǤϤޤäƤޤʸ櫤¿ȤȤSkeat ϡΤ褦櫤ˤϤޤäԤޤ餺߽ФƤޤäͩ (ghost_word) ο򡤼ȤʸκǸ󤷤Ƥ (373--74) ̤ΤʤֻSkeat ιͤȤˤͩŪǤʤֻǤ롥

abacot (a bicocket)
abofted (abosted)
allryn (alkyn)
belene (beleue)
beuen (benen)
bewunus (bewunne)
bolueden (bolneden)
bouchen (bonchen)
char (thar)
chek yn a tyde (chek-matyde),
chesse (chese)
chichingis (thithingis, error for tithingis)
clamupe (claurnpe)
cleue (clene)
conise (comse)
conisyng (comspg)
coppin (croppin)
corves (cornes)
couuen (coxmen)
cronde (croude)
culde (tulde)
culpis (cuupis ? for coupis ?),
degontit (degoutit)
desouled (defouled)
dimnede (diuinede)
dolf (douf)
dolp (doup)
drinen (driuen)
dymnede (dyuinede)
eftures (esteres, estres)
enchausyt (enchaufyt)
encortif (encorcif)
flocced (flotted)
folloke (wilfolloker)
forbusur (forbusne)
forgalbed (forgabbed)
fonngit (foriugit)
fouk (fonk)
founed (fonned)
galbert (gabbert)
golk (gouk)
gramity (graunty)
havin (harm)
hetheued (heued)
holk (houk)
howen, howne (howue)
kimes (knives)
lath (lay)
lessyt (leffyt)
lohe (lome)
maused (mansed)
monelich (menelich)
morse (nurse)
moyt (mo þat)
nalle (ualle)
nolt (nout)
onen (ouen)
ouershuppe (ouerhuppe)
owery (dwerþ)
palke (pakke)
palpis (paupis)
panfray (paufray)
pantener (pautener)
pavade (panade)
polien (þolien)
polk (pouk)
porcours (portours)
punniten (permuten)
rendit (vondit)
rentful (reuful)
renthe (reuthe)
reuk (renk)
rolkis (rokkis)
roned (roued)
sangtle (saughtle)
satoure (fatoure)
scharpe (schappe)
sharter (Charter)
skowurand (skownrand)
slalk (slakk)
soket (Coket)
sordid (fordid)
spelk (spekk)
stone (schon)
succh (sutth)
suten (sitten)
Syvewarm (Fysewarin)
talbart (tabbart)
tavart (tabart)
thame (tharne)
treryn (temp)
tyre (cyre)
ulode (correct; u=v)
ullorxa (?)
vyt (rycht)
walk (wakk, later wauk)
walkrif (wakkrif, later waukrif)
walknit (wakknit, later wauknit)
watte (waite)
wayne (wayue)
wok (woux)
ytoped (ycoped)
yvete (ybete)


Skeat ϡԤΥߥˤä뤳Τ褦ͩ줬夷˺ϿޤǤƤޤǽ˶ƤʸؤΥץȤƤʤΤ

Skeat, Walter W. "Report upon 'Ghost-words,' or Words which Have no Real Existence." in the President's Address for 1886. Transactions of the Philological Society for 1885--87. Vol. 2. 350--80.

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2025-03-18 Tue

#5804. ܤɤߴְ㤨䤹ʸ --- ߽ͩФ [minim][spelling][alphabet][manuscript][ghost_word][palaeography][thorn][th][graphemics][punctuation]

ǶᤤĤεǡͩ (ghost_word) 夲ƤѸߤοƤǤ Skeat ϡͩʸΤʤǡͩνиظˤܾʸˤɤ߰㤤ܺ٤Ƥ롥Ȥ櫓ɤߴְ㤨䤹ʸˤΥꥹȤƤΤǡʬѤ褦 (372)

I now proceed to make a list of the symbols which, in the foregoing examples, have been misread and confused. The following groups denote the confused symbols: b, v; c, t; d, o; e, o, s; f, s; k, lr; m, ui, in; n, u; o, d, e; p, þ (th); r, v; s, C, e, f; y, þ (th). Also mi, un; mu, um; ni, in; rp, pp; tt, it; ur, ne; unn, erm; vin, rm. Also lb, bb; lk, kk. Very few of these mistakes result from the misreading of marks of contraction. If I were to add examples of this character, the number of ghost-words would be very largely increased.


ʤ㤬 (minim) ǹʸˤޤǤ롥minim γʡˤ˴ؿäϡ#4134. unmummied --- ֤äƤѤʤȤˤʤäƤñβԡ ([2020-08-21-1]) #5215. ư줫ʻžʤ褦ˤߤ̾졦ƻΰ ([2023-08-07-1]) ʤɤɤ
ޤ<th> űѸ졦Ѹʸ <þ> (thorn) ˤĤƤϡ#1428. ye = the ([2013-03-25-1]) ʤɤ򻲾Ȥ

Skeat, Walter W. "Report upon 'Ghost-words,' or Words which Have no Real Existence." in the President's Address for 1886. Transactions of the Philological Society for 1885--87. Vol. 2. 350--80.

Referrer (Inside): [2025-03-19-1]

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2013-03-25 Mon

#1428. ye = the [palaeography][spelling][thorn][th][pub][alphabet][graphemics][ppcme2][ppceme][ppcmbe][corpus]

#13. ѹΥѥ֤ ye äƤ椷 ([2009-05-11-2]) ǡye yethe Ѥ뵼ŪֻˤĤƿ줿
þ (thorn) y Ȥλˤ뺮ƱѸ鸫줿κ𤬤дΤ þ षƤǤ롥þ ѤƤäΤϡ#1329. Ѹˤˤ eth, thorn, <th> ([2012-12-16-1]) #1330. Ѹˤ eth, thorn, <th> ([2012-12-17-1]) dzǧ褦ˡHelsinki Corpus λʬˤME4 (1420--1500) ʹߤǤ롥˸ƱơŪ괧 ye ϶ѸäƤ٤ƤOED 򻲾Ȥȡye λѤѸ줫17ˤơȤ롥
ǤϡѸ줫ѸˤơŪˤɤ ye Ѥ줿ΤĴ٤뤿 PPCME2, PPCEME, PPCMBE POSե뷲 "ye/D" 򸡺ƤߤME1ΤߡEModE1259㡤LModE5㤬󤬤äƥѥϤ褽130졤180졤100줫ʤ뤬ͤȤ⡤ȤƤ롥Ѹǵ޷˸쵤˿ȤȤǤ롥PPCEME 1259Τ975ϡThe Journal of George Fox (1673--74) Ȥ1ʤǤ롥ۤˤ10ʾ帽ƥȤ4ĤΤߤǡĤ20ƥȤ˾㤺ĻФäƤˤʤȤʬۤǤϤ롥δˤ᤿Ȥϡ̣ήԤȤä
ɥˬ줿ݤˡ145 Fleet St Ϸޥѥ "Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese" 42 Ludgate Hill "Ye Olde London" δĤ򻣱ƤƤǰʤ餳ǥդ뵡Ϥʤäɤ⡤̤Υѥ֤ǤϰաʤǤϤʤˤޤ

Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese Ye Olde London

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2012-06-22 Fri

#1152. sneeze θ츻 [etymology][spelling][onomatopoeia][alphabet][graphemics][palaeography]

sneeze ֤ߡʤ򤹤ˡפνФ14ѸǤ snese(n) ʤɤֻǸ줿ƬҲ <s> Ǥʤ <f> Ǥ۷θСϸűѸ졤Ƥˤޤ̤롥űѸǤ fnēosan "to breathe hard, sneeze" ۤɤΰ̣ʸڤ롥ޥĸǤ *fneusan Ʒ졤ޥ cognate ǤϡƬ <fn>- 뤤 <f> ξü <n>- (ex. MDu fniesen, ON fnýsa, Swed nysa, Ger niesen) ޤfn ȤƬҲϥˡ§ˤ구§Ū˰ĸ *pneu- "to breathe" θƬҲб롥
츻ŵˤȡѸˤ <fn>- <sn>- ؤѷϡ<f> <s> ʸθΤɤΤȤ⤬Ҳ𤵤Ƥ뤬κƱѷľܤθȤʤꤦΤǤ롥Τ[2010-12-02-1]ε#584. long <s> graphemicsפǾҲ𤷤褦ˡ<f> long <s> ɤƤȤϻ¤Ǥ롥İФʰݤͿ뤯ߤȤݤб줬٥ǤϤʤֻ٥ǺƱơѷȤȤϹͤˤߤϡֻ١θɤꤹˤϤޤİŪǤ褦˻פ롥षΤ褦˹ͤ
θƬҲξü nese Τ褦ʷ֤Ʊ14ԤʤƤꡤѸ fnese ϤǤȯɬΤɽ蘆ʤŤᤫֻѤ椯ֻäȻפ롥ǡƬҲ nese ˵Ūʸ̤դΤ褦ˡ[s] Ƭźä졤snese ζĴȤƸ褦ˤʤäΤǤϤʤεϢۤϡsn- Ƭˤ snarl ʤʤˡsneer ʤФϤʤĤ餹ˡsniff ʤ󤯤󤫤, snore ʤӤ򤫤ˡsnort ɡ©ΩƤˡsnout ʥ֥ʤɤɡ, snuff ʵۤˤʤɤθƵۡɡδϢˤäߤ˶Ƥ롥Τ sneer snore űѸǤ fn- äƤΤǡ sneeze ˸¤餺fn- sn- κƱϡѸˤϹäƤ˰㤤ʤ
Ƭ [f] äƤäȤˡֻ <f> ˾ä椯̿äŤֻȤ <f> ֤ȤĤ륱⤢äȯȤƤϵŪ [s] źäˤäƤߤβŪ᡼졤ֻˤ <s> źä褦ˤʤä<f> ǻϤޤ fnese <s> ǻϤޤ snese Ȥϡ٥ǤϤȤˤ餯 /sneːze/ ȯƤǽ롥Τ褦ʾˤƤϡ<f> <s> Ȥơָɤפȹͤ⡤ȯ˹碌ֺֻؤפȹͤŬäƤ롥ʤȤ⡤ָɡϡ<fn>- <sn>- ؤѷľܤθˤϡ夤Τ褦˻פ롥

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2009-07-27 Mon

#91. ʤ;ñ̾ I ʸǽ񤯤 [palaeography][spelling][flash][punctuation][capitalisation][minim][personal_pronoun]

κǽȻˡäμˤȻפҲ𤷤ơΤȤ˻Ѥ饤ɤܥ֥˷ǺܤƤۤ˾äΤǡFlash Why Capital "I" ?פܤƤߤΥ꡼DZǤʤ뤤 PDF ǸȤϡ.



ϡܤΤ򤤤󤲡dzǧȤΤά

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2009-05-11 Mon

#13. ѹΥѥ֤ ye äƤ椷 [palaeography][spelling][spelling_pronunciation][thorn][th][pub]

ѹΥѥ֤ɤɤ٤ƤȤʹɤѡ˽Фʰ¤Υӡ롤кԶ륳Ǥ餷1ʿ6郎٤ƤȤε˾ܤѥ֤ʤǤϲᤴʤäαػפФȡΤ椷֤ò򤨤ʤ
ѥ֤ "public house" άǤꡤѹŪʼΤȤǤ롥ʪˤޤƤѥ֤¿㤨СɥǺǸŤΥѥ֤ȤΤƤΤ1528ǯ϶Ȥ "Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese" Ǥ롥
ϡ˸ǽñǤ롥ŹδĤβŤѥ֡뤤ϸŤäƤѥ֤ˤϡ Ye ǻϤޤΤ¿ȯ/ji:/Ȥɤޤ뤬¤Ϥ괧 the ΰ۷Ǥ롥ˤŪطʤ롥
űѸˤϡѸˤʤե٥åʸĤ¸ߤΤΰĤˡ<þ> "thorn" ȤʸäϡѸǤ<th>Ȥʸ໤ /θ/ /ð/ ɽ<þ> ϸűѸʹߤȤϤե󥹸줫ä<th>˽˼äƤääơѸ the ФƤϡȤ <the> ŷȤ <þe> ʻ¸뤳ȤȤʤä

thorn 1thorn 2y
thorn thorn y

ơ<þ> ޤȤʤʤꡤ໤ɽʸȤ˺褦ȤȤä񤭼ϡ<þ> ȷλ <y> ʸѤ<ye> ֤ä the ɽȤǡ<þ> ʸݤ줿櫓Ǥ롥<þ> ΤϺǽŪˤ˺졤λ򲿤Τʤο͡ϡ<ye> ֤򸫤ΤȤ /ji:/ ȯ ( spelling pronunciation )δߤ³Ƥ롥
ˤѥ֤ <ye> Ȥ³Ƥطʤˤϡʸξü spelling pronunciation ȤѸ˾βäΤǤ롥

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