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2009-05-11 Mon

#13. ѹΥѥ֤ ye äƤ椷 [palaeography][spelling][spelling_pronunciation][thorn][th][pub]

ѹΥѥ֤ɤɤ٤ƤȤʹɤѡ˽Фʰ¤Υӡ롤кԶ륳Ǥ餷1ʿ6郎٤ƤȤε˾ܤѥ֤ʤǤϲᤴʤäαػפФȡΤ椷֤ò򤨤ʤ
ѥ֤ "public house" άǤꡤѹŪʼΤȤǤ롥ʪˤޤƤѥ֤¿㤨СɥǺǸŤΥѥ֤ȤΤƤΤ1528ǯ϶Ȥ "Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese" Ǥ롥
ϡ˸ǽñǤ롥ŹδĤβŤѥ֡뤤ϸŤäƤѥ֤ˤϡ Ye ǻϤޤΤ¿ȯ/ji:/Ȥɤޤ뤬¤Ϥ괧 the ΰ۷Ǥ롥ˤŪطʤ롥
űѸˤϡѸˤʤե٥åʸĤ¸ߤΤΰĤˡ<þ> "thorn" ȤʸäϡѸǤ<th>Ȥʸ໤ /θ/ /ð/ ɽ<þ> ϸűѸʹߤȤϤե󥹸줫ä<th>˽˼äƤääơѸ the ФƤϡȤ <the> ŷȤ <þe> ʻ¸뤳ȤȤʤä

thorn 1thorn 2y
thorn thorn y

ơ<þ> ޤȤʤʤꡤ໤ɽʸȤ˺褦ȤȤä񤭼ϡ<þ> ȷλ <y> ʸѤ<ye> ֤ä the ɽȤǡ<þ> ʸݤ줿櫓Ǥ롥<þ> ΤϺǽŪˤ˺졤λ򲿤Τʤο͡ϡ<ye> ֤򸫤ΤȤ /ji:/ ȯ ( spelling pronunciation )δߤ³Ƥ롥
ˤѥ֤ <ye> Ȥ³Ƥطʤˤϡʸξü spelling pronunciation ȤѸ˾βäΤǤ롥

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#12. How many carp! [plural][analogy][number]

ϲ᤮ƤޤäΤܤꡥĶˤΩߤΤܤե˹ԤäƤ羮350ɤθ񤬱ˤǤԴѡ

carp streamers

⤷ѸüԤθΤܤ귲򸫤ʤȶ֤ How many carp! ȴò뤫⤷ʤ"carps"ǤϤʤ"carp"s̵Ǥ롥 carp sheep ʤɤƱ͡ñʣƱñʤΤǤ롥䥸㥤ġסֺסֹΥספǤ롥
Ѹ̾ʣȤ sĤΤ§Ǥ롥㳰뤳Ȥϡ褯ΤƤ롥㳰ˤ⤤Ĥפꡤ绨Ĥˤȼ̤

(1) -en: ox / oxen , child / children
(2) ̵Ѳ: carp / carp , sheep / sheep , fish / fish , hundred / hundred
(3) i-mutation: man / men , foot / feet
(4) Ѹ: phenomenon / phenomena , alumnus / alumni

Τ(2)̵ѲñʣƱˤظˤĹˤ롥űѸǤϡĹ̾ϸ§ȤƤ٤ñʣƱä㤨СǤsʣˤʤäƤ뤬 horse , house , land , thing , wife Ϥ٤s̵ʣäΤǤ롥餬٤ƸsʣˤʤäΤϡñˤС¾¿sʣΰϤˤ פη̤Ǥ롥ºݤˤϤäʣʤΤǾܤΤꤿϡ The Development of the Nomiral Plurals in Early Middle English 򤴰ɤ
ѸǤñʣƱȤƻĤäƤΤ sheep hundred ϸűѸǤϼºݤ̾äˤĤƤϡűѸ줫ĤȹͤƤ fish ̾ä carp ˤĤƤѸ˥ե󥹸줫äѸʤΤDZѸȤͿ줿ȤϤʤɤäаޤ
ѸǤϡűѸˤ餺ñ̡פּоݡפɽ̾줬ñʣƱȤʤ뷹äϰ̣ŪʣȤѤΤ̾Ǥꡤ¿ξ˿ȼˡѲʤȤʣǤ뤳ȤȰռ줿Ȥ
Mustanoja ˤС

The unchanged plural after an expression of number or quantity is in fact a linguistic phenomenon of universal occurrence. It has primarily a psychological background if the idea of plurality is obvious from the attributive numeral or adjective, no plural ending or other sign is needed to indicate the number of the governing noun. (58)

Ѹ줫󤲤Сʲθ줬ñʣƱäñ̡פȤƤϡ couple score hundred thousand year winter month night foot fathom mile pound ּоʪפȤƤϡ carp eel fish fowl goat
ϡߤܤǤϼȤƴѾ޵Ȥߤʤ뤬衼åѤǤϹѵȤ롥̤ӤǻȤϤּоݡפˤϰ㤤ʤ
Ǹ˰ carp ˤĤƤϡʤȤ18ޤǤϡñʣƱȤȤˡͽۤsʣʻ¸ƤȤդäƤˤΰĤθİʾΰۤʤäʣ¸ߤȤȤϡѸŪˤϤ̤θݤʤΤǤ롥

Mustanoja, T. F. A Middle English Syntax. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, 1960.

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