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2025-02-28 Fri

#5786. ʤ she νͭʤŪʤ her ƱˤʤΤǤ --- Τۤ YouTube [youtube][inohota][voicy][heldio][personal_pronoun][sobokunagimon][link][notice]



223ˤۿ줿 YouTube ֤Τۤإͥβ󤬡פΤۤ¿İƤޤܵɮ5,400Ķˡ#313. ;̾ζƱ --- get'em get them th ΤǤϤʤǤѸ3;̾η֤ᤰ롤17ʬΥȡȤʤäƤޤҤ
ưˤ3;̾ؤʣޤ1ˡ֤ʤ she νͭʤŪʤ her ƱˤʤΤǤפȤѸ˴ؤѤʵ䤬夲ޤˤĤƤϡhellog ¾Ǥ夲ƤޤΤǡ⤴Ȥ

#4080. ʤ she νͭʤŪʤ her ƱˤʤΤǤ ([2020-06-28-1])
#4121. ʤ she νͭʤŪʤ her ƱˤʤΤǤ --- hellog 饸ǡ ([2020-08-08-1])

ˡűѸ3;̾Τ٤Ƥη֤ h ǻϤޤäƤˤĤƤ⿨ޤȤˤǤĤη֤ˤ h æ̤λҲ֤줿ꤷΤǤͤޤǤˡϢ hellog 󤲤Ƥޤ

#467. ;̾ it θƬ /h/ äݤ ([2010-08-07-1])
#4004. űѸ3;̾θƬ h ([2020-04-13-1])

3;νñ̾ˤĤƤ⡤ưǿޤˤĤƤϰʲεɤ

#793. she --- 奤󥰥ˤ۷ʬۡ ([2011-06-29-1])

Ǹˡư西ȥˤ get'em ˤĤƤϡʲεɤߤ

#2331. Ѹˤ3;ʣ̾ʳŪ th- ([2015-09-14-1])
#2337. 16hem, 'em Ժߤ (1) ([2015-09-20-1])
#974. 3;̾μʷ˺Ѥ۲ ([2011-12-27-1])
#975. 3;̾μгʷǤϤޤѤʤä۲ ([2011-12-28-1])

ѸˤϱѸ˴ؤѤʵΤդǤѸˤˤȤɤޤäƤƤϲǤʤ䤤¿ޤѸˤ餵̤äƥޥˤˤˤۤꤹɬפФޤΡֳDZѸˡפ̥ŪǤ͡
ư褬͵ȤʤäΤǡؾ褷 Voicy heldio Ǥ#1368. 3;̾˴ؤ⤦1ĤΥʥ --- Τۤǿ󤬤褯İƤޤۿޤ碌ƤİС


Referrer (Inside): [2026-01-01-1]

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2025-02-27 Thu

#5785. ե󥹸äñ --- ؤդ󤹡٤Ϣܵ12ơʺǽ [hakusuisha][french][rensai][furansu_rensai][contact][loan_word][borrowing]


furansu_202503.png

  *

220Ҥηؤդ󤹡2025ǯ3Ԥޤǯ١ƱϢֱܵѸˤįե󥹸פƤƤޤ󤬺ǽȤʤޤǤϥե󥹸줫ѸؤαƶܤƤޤǸϱѸ줫ե󥹸ؤαƶȤήݤ˸Ƥ᤿Ȼפޤȥϡ֥ե󥹸äñפǤʲ˳γפ򼨤ޤ

1. Ѹ줫ե󥹸ؤθü
Ѹ줫ե󥹸ؤθäήϡ18ʹߤ˸ˤʤäƤޤμҲŪʸŪطʤȾȤ餷碌ơüѤ򸫤Ƥޤ礦кѡݡġѤȤäʬñ줬Ѹ줫ե󥹸ؼѤ졤夷ޤ
2. 18Υꥹؤδؿ
ե󥹤Ǥ18˥ꥹȡ͢ͼФؿޤޤαƶ bill, committee, jockey ʤɤαñ줬ե󥹸˼ޤbudget ȤѸˤȤ櫓ܤޤ
3. 19αѸ줫αƶ
19ˤʤȡե󥹸ϱѸ줫αƶ˷ٲ򼨤ǡȡ㡼ʥꥺࡦݡĤʬθäѸ줫¿Ѥ夵ޤ㤨 interview ticket Ȥäñ줬ե󥹸ήƤޤ
4. 21³ƤΤ
ʩδطǯʾˤ錄ǤХ벽ʤ฽ǤϡѸαƶ˳礷󥿡ͥåȤ䥽ǥ̤ƥե󥹸˿Ʃ³ƤޤѸ줫θüѤϷ³ƤΤǤϤʤǤ礦

Ǹ˿줿褦ˡʩθήȤ櫓øήϺ³Ƥǽ⤤ȹͤƤޤˤ϶줤ˤ⤢ޤɤⰭ⶯ӤǷФ줿֤Ǥξκδطˤ⥢ƥʤĥäƤȻפޤϢܵɤߤ⡤Ҥ˸äƤޤ礦
ˤĤƤ hellog furansu_rensai ˤޤȤޤäƤޤΤǡ1ǯ֤ˤ錄Ѹȥե󥹸ˤι򡤤ҿ֤äƤС1ǯ֤Τդ礤꤬Ȥޤ

ʰʲ嵭2025/02/01(Sat)
ȴϢơheldio Ǥ#1375. ե󥹸äñ --- ؤդ󤹡٤Ϣܵ12ơꤷƤäƤޤΤǡ⤪İ



δ졡ֱѸˤįե󥹸졡12󡡶Υե󥹼Ѹסؤդ󤹡2025ǯ3桤ҡ2025ǯ22052--53ǡ

Referrer (Inside): [2026-01-01-1]

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2025-02-26 Wed

#5784. Ϣ뼭 -o- Ū롼פǤϤʤŪʣɽ魯 [morphology][compound][greek][latin][word_formation][combining_form][morpheme][vowel][stem][syntax][phrase][connective]

ε#5783. ꥷϢ뼭 (connective) -o- ȥƥϢ뼭 -i- ([2025-02-25-1]) Ǽ夲 -o- ˤĤơKruisinga (II. 3, p. 7) ʤ˱ԤȤŦƤ롥

1587. In literary English there is a formal way of distinguishing compounds from groups: the use of the Greek and Latin suffix -o to the first element:

Anglo-Indian, Anglo-Catholic, the Franco-German war, the Russo-Japanese war.


   Of course, this use, though quite common, is of a learned character, clearly contrary to the natural structure of English words.


Ƭ "a formal way of distinguishing compounds from groups" Ǥ롥ñǤ2¤٤硤ŪȤ߹碌ʣ (compound) ȤʤꡤŪȤ߹碌 (phrase) Ȥʤ롥̤θ򤹤ȡʣ12Ǥ롥ؾ¸ߤλۤʤΤŪ˲ۤʤΤȡΤ˾֤פ롥
ȯƤߤС֤ۤʤȤϤ褯Ǥ bláckbòard ʹġˤʣblack bóard ʹġˤ϶Ǥcf. #4855. ʣǧ --- blackboard ʣ black board ϶ ([2022-08-12-1])ˡֻǤ⥹ڡ뤫ݤȤ̤롥ϱΧˡˤ̤Ǥꡤζ̤Ȥ櫓ǤϤʤʣȶʬˡϡճȤʤΤ⤷ʤ
դˤΤȤ˵դƤ줿ΤΰѤäʤۤɡϢ뼭 -o- 2Ǵ֤ƤСΤ϶ǤϤʤʣǤȽǤǤ롥ޤŪʶȤˡ֤ĤʤפȤ -o- Ѥ¸ߤʤʾʤȤ⡤פ⤫٤ʤˡȡϢ뼭 -o- ϤƷŪǤǤɸǤ롤ȤȤˤʤ롥

Kruisinga, E A Handbook of Present-Day English. 4 vols. Groningen, Noordhoff, 1909--11.

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2025-02-25 Tue

#5783. ꥷϢ뼭 -o- ȥƥϢ뼭 -i- [morphology][compound][greek][latin][word_formation][combining_form][morpheme][vowel][stem][connective]

#552. combining form ([2010-10-31-1]) ˤơϢη󤲤 (3) ǡanthropology anthrop- -logy combining form ʤ뤬֤ˤϤޤäƤϢ첻 -o- Τˤɤ°ȤϤ񤷤פȤƼ夲 -o- ȤΤϲ
رѸ츻ŵٸ츻õȡꥷˤƹʡʣˤ1Ǥ2Ǥ֡Ϣ뼭 (connective) Ȥ롥ΤˤСꥷ̾졦ƻθ촴첻ˤΤܤ롥aristocracy, philosophy, technology ˤߤ̤ꡤϥꥷǤĤʤ륱ͭä˥ƥ䤽¾νǤ־ˤѤ褦ˤʤä
̤ʣΤۤAnglo-French, Franco-Canadian, Graeco-Latin, Russo-Japanese Τ褦Ʊʴطɽ魯ʣ (dvandva) ˤ褯Ѥ롥ѸθˤǤϡμʣŪΤǤꡤʥꥷϢ뼭 -o- β̤Ϸ褷ƾʤˤĤƤϡ#4449. ꥷαѸؤΥѥȡ ([2021-07-02-1]) 򻲾ȡ
ƱͤϢ뼭ȤơꥷǤϤʤƥͳ褹 -i- ⤢롥ѸäƤʣȤ omnivorous, pacific, uniform ʤɤ롥 -i- Ϻǽ2ñˤĤƤϸ촴ΰȤƤäǸθˤĤƤϤʤäΤǡϢ뼭ȤƵǽƤȤˤʤ롥
Ϣŵͳ褷ե󥹸ФơѸˤäƤѸˤ붦ŪȤƤϡ֤Ĥʤ첻פȤȤ館ƤƤ褤ʳѸ濴ȤƹѤ褦ˤʤäʥǤǤ롥

߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2025-02-26-1]

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2025-02-24 Mon

#5782. ʻȤϲ --- ̩˷֤ˤʬहȤɤʤ뤫 [pos][terminology][linguistics][category][morphology][inflection]

ϡʻᤰʲεǼ夲Ƥ

#5763. ʻȤϲ --- ΡָפȸƤǤϥᤫ ([2025-02-05-1])
#5765. ʻȤϲ --- Bloomfield θ ([2025-02-07-1])
#5771. ʻȤϲ --- ʬ ([2025-02-13-1])
#5772. ʻȤϲ --- ̩˰̣ˤʬϲǽ ([2025-02-14-1])
#5773. ʻȤϲ --- ̩˵ǽˤʬλߡ ([2025-02-15-1])

ʻϡʬ˲뤫꤬礭ۤʤäƤ롥ϡ̩˷֤˴ŤʬहȤɤʤ뤫ͤƤߤȤΤϡ³ؿѸؼŵ٤ parts of speech ιǤ롥
֤˴ŤʬȤƺǤʬ䤹Τϡñ줬ŪѲ뤫ʤǤ롥٥ŽȤСѲפȡѲפդ路
º Sweet ϡδˤʻʬƤˤȡŪˤȤΡ̾סַƻסưפϡʸˡǽ˱Ʋ餫ηѲ򼨤ΤǡѲפȤʤ롥ֻס³סִפϸ§ȤƷѲ򼨤ʤΤǡѲפȤʤSweet ǤϤˡפäƤ뤬ˤѲ뤳ȤդɬפǤˡ
³ơJespersen ŪʴˤѲפȡѲפʬѲפˤϽΡ̾סַƻס̾סưפޤޤ졤ѲפˤϽΡסֻס³סִפޤޤ롥
Sweet ˤ Jespersen ˤ衤ѲפѲפγơβ̶ʬδˤĤƤϿƤ餺ɤΤȤεǽ̣ŪŤ˺ѤƤǤϤʤȤȽ򤱤ʤ
̾פˤ̾ȼΡưפˤưȼηѲΤǡηŪ񤤤ˤƲ̶ʬƤȤϲǽǤ롥ξ硤㤨̾ưǤ love Ȥξ硤ƱªΤʸˡŪƱ۵פȤưۤʤ2ªΤȤ꤬롥ŪʻʬˤƤƤꡤ̤ǤϤʤȤФʤΤ⤽ʻʬȤϲΤˤϤäΤȤΩ֤ͿƤϤ롥

⿮ ʸͺʴƽˡؿѸؼŵ١ҡ1982ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2025-03-08-1] [2025-03-04-1]

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2025-02-23 Sun

#5781. helñ졼פĴ³Ƥޤ [word_play][radio_broadcast][helmate][helkatsu][ewlr][heltalk][link]

#5757. helñ졼סʲˡ ([2025-01-30-1])#5770. helñ졼פθǤηϩ ([2025-02-12-1]) ǾҲ𤷤 stand.fmʥաˤǤͷӡhelñ졼 (English Word-Lore Relay, or ewlr) ΥХȥ󤬽ĴϤäƤޤ졼ηϩʬήȷ㤷ʤäƤơɬ⤦ޤޤɽ路ڤƤʤΤǤƥΡɤ˥󥯤ĥäƤǤȻפٺޤƤߤޤ

WordChain fun fun fan fan fun->fan van van fan->van hoard hoard pan pan hoard->pan mead mead hoard->mead ex ex- multimedia multimedia ex->multimedia pear_margarita Margarita pear_vinegar vinegar ban ban van->ban food food lord lord food->lord sword sword answer answer sword->answer board board sword->board read read read->mead pressure pressure simple_ex ex- pear pear pear->pear_margarita pear->pear_vinegar bakan bakan ban->bakan ban->pan beer beer beer->pressure cheer cheer beer->cheer wine wine wine->pear whine whine wine->whine lord->sword answer->read prayer prayer answer->prayer bead bead bead->prayer pupil_apple pupil bead->pupil_apple simple simple simple->simple_ex pupil pupil pupil->wine pan->food board->hoard mead->bead pupil_apple->wine multimedia->simple


ܲhelñ졼פ˻á礷ƤäƤإᥤ9̾Ҳ𤷤ޤ9̾ϾοޤγƥΡɤǿʬƤޤˡ

ari ˤari 饸
umisio ˤ֤Τ
ˤͥ
Grace ˤ֤~ȤФȤȤ~
δˤֱѸˤĤ֤䤭ͥ (heltalk)
ߡˤ֤ߡͥ
mozhi gengo ˤகதை மொழி 〜⤸〜
~ߤ󤵤ˤ֤~ߤͥ
Lilimi ˤ֤ߤβ

¾ΥإᥤȤ⡤ҥ졼˲äޤ󤫡

Referrer (Inside): [2025-03-03-1]

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2025-02-22 Sat

#5780. ŵͳ褹Ϣܸʤ˻Ƥ [morphology][compound][latin][greek][japanese][word_formation][combining_form][terminology][derivation][affixation][morpheme]

ε#5779. Ϣϸб빴«ǤǤ ([2025-02-21-1]) ǡϢ (combining_form) ܤ³ܤƤؿѸؼŵ٤βɤǤߤ褦

combining form ʸ͡Ϣˡʣ졤¤ȤѤ빴«Ūʰ۷֤򤤤ѸǤϸ (BASE) ȶ̤ʤꥷ졦ƥͳ褹֤ξϢȼ¸ߤΤդĤǤ롥Ϣħ鸫Ϣ㤨 philo-ˤȸϢ㤨 -sophyˤȤʬ뤳ȤǤ롥ƬΤ褦ʽʹ«ȰۤʤꡤϢϸߤˤƱΤǷ礷ꡤ뤤ܼȤ뤳ȤǤ롥


褽εҤȽŤʤ뤬ֱѸǤϸ (BASE) ȶ̤ʤפλŦӸŪˤоȸŪˤⶽ̣ѸǤϡŤʳθűѸǤ顤 (word) ñ̤ʤΤǡȤ̤˸촴 (stem) 캬 (root) ڤФŪưŤŪ夤
ФơꥷƥʤɤθŵǤϡѸ٤ƶޤ褯ĤäƤꡤȿǤơŪΩȤϰۤʤΩŪϢ¸ߤ롥
θŵϢȴϢƻפФΤϡܸΩ뤤ʤȸƤФ֤#3390. ܸ i-mutation Ȥ٤첻ء ([2018-08-08-1]) Ƴ̤ꡤ㤨С֤סˤȡ֤סˡ֤դ͡סˤȡ֤դʡסˡ֤סʱˤȡ֤ޡסʱˤΤ褦ˡΩȡʣݤѤΩ2󤬤äŪˤϲŪѲη̡2ΤθŵϢˤĤƤƱȤ뤫⤷ʤ

⿮ ʸͺʴƽˡؿѸؼŵ١ҡ1982ǯ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2025-02-21 Fri

#5779. Ϣϸб빴«ǤǤ [morphology][compound][latin][greek][word_formation][combining_form][terminology][derivation][affixation][morpheme]

Ƭ (prefix) ݤ뤤 (suffix) ݤǤƤɤǤʤȤȾüʰ֤Ťη (morpheme) 롥Ϣ combining_form Ǥ롥ϢˤĤƤϡ#552. combining form ([2010-10-31-1]) ǿ줿ȤرѸ׸켭ŵ٤Ǥβ⤬ʬ䤹äΤǡϤιܤѤ

combining form ̸͡Ϣ¤ˡ (COMPOUND) Ȥ (DERIVATIVE WORD) ηѤ빽Ǥ򤤤OED aero- ˤϤѤ줿ȹͤ롥ϥꥷ졦ƥϤͳ褹Τ¿Ϣ philo-ˤȸϢ -logyˤ2ब롥Ϣϼͳ (FREE FORM) ʤ (WORD) ι«۷ (bound allomorph) ȤȤǤΩȤѤʤǶǤ anti ( anti-)graph ( -graph) Τ褦㳰ŪˡäƤ롥ޤϢƬ (PREFIX) (SUFFIX) ٤ựضŪǤꡤϢδطŪǤ롥ǶǤ bio-degradable (= biologically ---) Τ褦㳰ǧ롥ˡƬľܸߤϢ뤹뤳ȤʤΤФơϢϸ¾ϢΤܼۤäϢ뤹뤳ȤǽǤ㡧-morphic ( -morph + -ic)heteroness ( hetero- + -ness)ˡ


Ϣϸб빴«ǤǤפȤªϡȤƤʬ䤹
ʤˤ OED ؤθڤˤĤƤcombining form ιܤ˽ȤưʲǺܤƤ

1884 Gr. ἀερο-, combining form of ἀήρ, ἀέρα
   New English Dictionary (OED first edition) at Aero-


߷ ˧ͺԡˡرѸ׸켭ŵ١ҡ2002ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2025-02-22-1]

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2025-02-20 Thu

#5778. connection connexion [x][webster][latin][french][spelling][orthography][ame_bre][voicy][heldio]

5ۤ Voicy heldio ˤơꥹʡ lacolaco ֱѸ츻ŵɥΡȡκǿ˴Ť#1357. Ƭ con- ñϤޤ³ --- lacolaco ΡֱѸ츻ŵɥΡȡ׺ǿꤹ벻ۿϤ



1ĤȤơ֥ͥפбñֻ connection connexion δ֤ɤ򼨤郎줿ԤֻŪꥹǤϸԤֻ⸫Ȥdeflection, inflection, reflection ˤĤƤƱͤˡ᥸㡼 <-ction> Фƥޥʡ <-xion> ⼭ϿƤ롥complexion ˤĤƤϡषֻΤۤŪ complection ϵǤ롥
嵭 heldio ۿ塤˴ؿ줿ꥹʡ~ߤ󤵤-ction v.s. -xionꤷ Google Ngram ǤĴȹ碌Ƶ񤫤Ƥ롥
⤳꤬ˤʤäơĴ٤ƤߤȤΤ⡤伫ȤθơޤѸζ (inflection) ˤˤꡤԸʸ inflexion ֻ褯ܤˤƤ
Upward and Davidson (167--68) ˤСѸǤŪˤ <-xion> ̤˸줿ꥫμԻȤֻ׼Ԥ Noah Webster (1758--1843) <-ction> Τۤ侩ΤȤ19鸽ˤƤ <-ction> ΰ̲ˡWebster αƶä餷

          -XION and -CTION

Complexion, crucifixion, fluxion are standard ModE forms, and connexion, deflexion, inflexion exist as alternatives to connection, etc.

Complexion derives from the past participle plexum from the Lat verb plectere; although ME and EModE used such alternatives as complection, complection, ModE is firm on the x-spelling.
Crucifixion derives from the participle fixum of figere 'to fix'; the form crucifixion has been consistently used in the Christian tradition, and *crucifiction is not attested.
Fluxion is similarly determined by the Lat participle fluxum; the verb fluere offers no -CT- alternative.
Uncertainty has arisen in the case of connexion, deflexion, inflexion because, despite the Lat participles nexum, flexum with x, the corresponding infinitives, nectere, flectere have given rise to the Eng verbs connect, deflect, inflect.
In his American Dictionary of the English Language (1828), the American lexicographer Noah Webster . . . recommended the -CT- forms, which (despite ModFr connexion, deflexion, inflexion are today found much more frequently.


ñ㲽Ƥ <-xion> ϥƥβʬ˴ŤĤѤե󥹸ŪֻǤꡤ<-ction> ϥƥ˴Ť侩ꥫѸŪֻȤȤˤʤ롥crucifixion <-xion> Ȥ֤ʤΤϡͤɽݤ <X> ȴطΤǤ롥
ȴϢơ#2280. <x> á ([2015-07-25-1]) ⻲ȡ

Upward, Christopher and George Davidson. The History of English Spelling. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

Referrer (Inside): [2026-01-01-1]

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2025-02-19 Wed

#5777. ƻ줫̾ؤʻž [adjective][noun][conversion][suffix][agentive_suffix]

Poutsma ѥѥ᤯äƤȡ̣ñ󸫤Ĥ롥㤨Сƻ줫̾ʻž (conversion) ׸ꥹȤ⤷ (Chapter XXIX, 1--3; pp. 368--76) ޤΥꥹȤʬѤ褦

A large group is made up by such as end in certain suffixes belonging to the foreign element of the language. Some of these seem to be (still) more or less unusual in their changed functions. In the following illustrations they are marked by † . . . . The suffixes referred to above are chiefly: a b l e, al, an, a n t, a r, a r y, a t e, end, e n t, (i) a l, (i) a n, ien, ible, i c, ile, ine, ior, ist, ite, i v e, ut, among which especially those printed in paced type afford many instances. (368)


ĤΤ¿ȤϡʲΥꥹȤζįȤ褯ʬʤPoutsma 1914ǯǤ뤳Ȥաˡ

adulterant
aggressive
alien
annual
astringent
barbarian
captive
casual
ceremonial
classic
cleric
clerical
confidant
consumptive
constituent
contemporary
cordial
corrective
degenerate
dependant
detrimental
dissuasives
domestic
eccentric
ecclesiastic
electric
effeminate
elastic
epileptic
exclusive
expectant
exquisite
extravagant
familiar
fanatic
fashionable
flippant
fundamental
gallants
human
illiterate
imaginative
imbecile
immortal
incapable
incidental
incompetent
inconstant
incurable
indifferent
inevitable
infuriate
innocent
inseparable
insolent
insolvent
intellectual
intermittent
intimate
irreconcilable
irrepressible
juvenile
legitimate
lenitive
mandatory
mercenary
miserable
militant
moderate
mortal
national
native
natural
necessary
negative
neutral
notable
obstructive
ordinary
orient
oriental
original
particular
peculiar
pragmatic
persuasive
pertinent
politic
political
preliminary
private
proficient
progressive
reactionary
regular
religious
requisite
reverend
revolutionary
rigid
romantic
royal
solitary
specific
stimulant
ultimate
undesirable
unfortunate
unseizable
unusual
vegetable
visitant
voluntary
voluptuary
vulgar


ƻ줫ʻž̾ΰ̣ˤʤäƤȤηƻΰ̣ŪħƶƤΤΤͿƤ

Poutsma, H. A Grammar of Late Modern English. Part II, The Parts of Speech, 1A. Groningen: P. Noordhoff, 1914.

Referrer (Inside): [2026-01-01-1]

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2025-02-18 Tue

#5776. ³passers-by Τ褦Ⱦüʰ֤ -s Ĥ̯ʣ [plural][compound][morphology][inflection][phrasal_verb][french][syntax][noun][suffix]

ε#5775. passers-by Τ褦Ⱦüʰ֤ -s Ĥ̯ʣ ([2025-02-17-1]) ³ʣ -s ʶǤˤĤơ Poutsma 򻲾Ȥ (142--43)
ե󥹸δѶͳ褹ʣ̾ʶˤ¿ϡѸäƤե󥹸ȿǤơ̾ǡܷƻǡפνˤȤɤޤ롥ѸȤƤϡθʣˤäơ̾Ǥ -s ĤΤŪǤ롥attorneys general, cousins-german, book-prices current, battlesroyal, Governors-General, damsels-errant, heirs-apparent, knights-errant Τ褦ˤʤattorney generals, letters-patents ⤢ˡ
ȯüǤ passer(s)-by Υסʤ̾Ǥθֻ硦줬դʣ⡤̾Ǥ -s դʣΤŪcommanders-in-chef, fathers-in-law, heirs-at-law, quarters-of-an-hour, bills of fare; blowings-up, callings-over, hangers-n, knockers-up, lookers-on, lyings-in, standars-by, whippers-in, goers-in, comers-out, breakings-up, droppings asleep, fallings forward ʤ (cf. men-at-arms)
ɽϥե̵ͭʤɤˤĤƤФɤ줬̤ꡤơɽˤĤˤ䴷ѤΤȻפ졤̲§ߤ뤳Ȥ񤷤θˤȤ롥

Poutsma, H. A Grammar of Late Modern English. Part II, The Parts of Speech, 1A. Groningen: P. Noordhoff, 1914.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2025-02-17 Mon

#5775. passers-by Τ褦Ⱦüʰ֤ -s Ĥ̯ʣ [plural][compound][morphology][inflection][phrasal_verb][conversion][noun][suffix]

ʣǤʤʣ̾ˤĤơʣϸˡĤޤǽǤ -s ղäФ褤ȤΤŪʵ§Ǥ롥brother-officers, penny-a-liners, forget-me-nots, go-between, ne'er-do-wells, three-year-olds, merry-go-rounds Τ褦ˤǤ롥
Ȥɸ passers-by Τ褦ˡζư (phrasal_verb) ˤͳ褷줬ʻžत̾˴ؤƤϡ𤬰ۤʤ륱롥ǽǤȤʤ뾮ֻƱθˤ뤳Ȥˤʤäơľ -s դΤ뤫*passer-bys ǤϤʤ passers-by ȤʣΤ
#5215. ư줫ʻžʤ褦ˤߤ̾졦ƻΰ ([2023-08-07-1]) 򻲹ͤˤȡpassers-by ʣȤΤȤ crossings-out, lookers-on, tellings-off, tickings-off, turn-ups 󤲤뤳ȤǤ롥
ǤϹԤʤƱפ˸Ƥ⡤絬§˽äƸ -s դ turn-ups, hand-me-downs, lace-ups, left-overs, makeshifts, onlookers 㤬ФƤ롥
Ϣơ -ful(l) ǸǤȤƤʣϡɤ줬롥ѸǤϤʤѸλǤ뤳ȤǤĤġ§Ȥ handfuls (of marbles), bucketfulls (of fragrant milk) ʤɤȺǸǤ -s դʣ뤬Ȥ (two) table-spoonsfull (of rum), (two) donkeysful (of children), bucketsfull (of tea) Τ褦1Ǥ -s Ĥ۷ߤ줿
ʾ塤Poutsma (141--43) 򻲾ȤƼɮñˤäɤ줬ȤȤϡ̣Ūʹθ̻Ū¦̤δͿ⵿롥̣

Poutsma, H. A Grammar of Late Modern English. Part II, The Parts of Speech, 1A. Groningen: P. Noordhoff, 1914.

Referrer (Inside): [2025-02-18-1]

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2025-02-16 Sun

#5774. ī륷꡼ֺ¤11ֱѸˤߤ븽οפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ [asacul][mindmap][notice][kdee][etymology][hel_education][lexicology][cosmopolitan_vocabulary][pde][word_formation][morphology][neologism][borrowing][loan_word][shortening][link]

28ˡǯ٤ī㡼󥿡ɶǤΥ꡼ֺ¡ָ츻ŵǤɤѸˡפ11󤬳֤ޤϡֱѸˤߤ븽οפꤷơ͡ʿƳˡƳĤġŪʸοҲ𤷤ޤޤŪʴ鸽ѸοƳü˿ޤ
οƳ¾줫μ (borrowing) ˤۤɰ¸ʤȤǡѸ˾ðۤ褷ޤѸϡû (shortening) Ȥηؤΰ¸٤Ƥޤľ100ǯۤɤǡƳΥȥɤѤäƤȹͤޤ21αѸäϡɤΤ褦ŸƤΤǤ礦
ιֺ¤ϡ̤ǻä줿Ĥʾ¿饤ǻä줿򤤤ʤɡȯǥ󥹥ԥ졼٤Ȥʤޤդޤ11Ƥ markmap Ȥ֥ġˤޥɥޥåײޤʲȤƤɤˡѤˤȤС



Υ꡼11ľܡܤ˴ؤ륳ƥĤhellog heldio βǼ夲ƤޤΤǡʲ򤴻Ȥ

hellog #5764. 28ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ11ֱѸˤߤ븽οפΤ ([2025-02-06-1])
heldio #1345. 28ڡˤīֺ¡ֱѸˤߤ븽οפ˸ơ (2025/02/03)
heldio #1349. 캬 --- 봰Ǥդοᤰäơ (2025/02/07)
heldio #1350. CNN English Express 2025ǯ2ýֱѸο30ס (2025/02/08)

ޤ꡼ΥޥɥޥåפˤĤƤϡʲ⤴Ȥ

#5625. ī륷꡼ֺ¤1ֱѸ츻ŵڤפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-09-20-1])
#5629. ī륷꡼ֺ¤2ֱѸäˤ򳵴ѤפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-09-24-1])
#5631. ī륷꡼ֺ¤3ֱñȡ֥ˡ§ספޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-09-26-1])
#5639. ī륷꡼ֺ¤4ָαѸ˻ĤűѸκספޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-10-04-1])
#5646. ī륷꡼ֺ¤5ֱѸ졤ƥȽв񤦡פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-10-11-1])
#5650. ī륷꡼ֺ¤6ֱѸ졤󥰤θȸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-10-15-1])
#5669. ī륷꡼ֺ¤7ֱѸ졤ե󥹸˿פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-11-03-1])
#5704. ī륷꡼ֺ¤8ֱѸ졤ȸήפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-12-08-1])
#5723. ī륷꡼ֺ¤9ֱѸ졤ƥ󡦥ꥷƴפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-12-27-1])
#5760. ī륷꡼ֺ¤10ֱѸ졤νܿפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-02-02-1])

īֺ¤ϡ315ڡ17:30--19:00˳ͽǤ꡼κǽȤʤ12ǡִ㤤ޤ줿ñפꤷơ⥷츻ıñ夲ĤġѸûˤ礹ͽǤؿΤϡī㡼󥿡ɶָ츻ŵǤɤѸˡΥڡꤪߤ

߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2025-02-15 Sat

#5773. ʻȤϲ --- ̩˵ǽˤʬλ [pos][terminology][linguistics][category][semantics][function_of_language][functionalism][syntax]

ε#5772. ʻȤϲ --- ̩˰̣ˤʬϲǽ ([2025-02-14-1]) ǡ1Ĥδ̩ŬѤʻˤĤƹͤϤ᤿³ؿѸؼŵ٤ parts of speech ι˰͵򤷤ʤ顤ϵǽΤߤ˴Ťʻʬ׹ͼ¸Ƥߤ褦

(3) ǽˤʻʬ. Fries (1952, ch. 6) ʻ̩˵ǽˤʬह٤ǤȼĥȼʻʬƤΰ֡εǽϤˤơƱΰ֤ˤĤθˤޤȤ᤿The concert was good (always). / The clerk remembered the tax (suddenly). / The team went there. 3ɽŪʸ (test frame) ȯȤơʸˡ¤ѤˡʸΤɤθΰ֤ˤ뤫ˤäơ4 (CLASS WORD) --- ۤƸ (CONTENT WORD) Ʊ --- ꤷʻȤ
(class 1 word): concert, clerk, tax, team ΰ֤ˤ
(class 2 word): was, remembered, went ΰ֤ˤ
軰 (class 3 word): good ΰ֤ˤ
(class 4 word): always, suddenly, there ΰ֤ˤ
ʳϵǽ (FUNCTION WORD) Ȥ A O ޤ15η (group) ʬդ٤ϡThe poorest are always with us. poorest ϡη֤ɤǤȤΰ֤Ȥ뤷ޤI know the poorest man. poorest ϡ軰ȤΤǤ롥ˡa boy friend a good friend boy good Ʊ軰Τ餫Ǥ롥ä a cannon ball cannon ̾Ǥ뤫ƻǤ뤫εƤʤ̤󤳤ξ cannon 軰Ȥʤ롥͡ʬˤСĤθ줬ĤʻʤʤΤʤĤΤȤˤʤꡤĶˤɤʸ줬뤫ȡ̾Ȥ̾ȤǤʤ1줺ĸ줦뤹٤ƤθʤФʤʤΤ褦ʬˡθ̩˲ͤϤ뤬ʸˡηΤȤƤ;̣Τʤ뤫⤷ʤ


ޤɤʬȻפֵǽפȤϡŪǽפΤȤǤ롥ΤˤϤŪ˰ӤƤ롥Ѥˤ϶Ť餤ؿѸؼŵ٤εҤˤϡʻʬϼˤꡤȤ뤳ȤǧǤ롥ϽפȻפ

⿮ ʸͺʴƽˡؿѸؼŵ١ҡ1982ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2025-03-04-1] [2025-02-24-1]

[ | ѥڡ ]

2025-02-14 Fri

#5772. ʻȤϲ --- ̣Τߤˤ̩ʬϲǽ [pos][terminology][linguistics][category][semantics]

ɸˤĤơ#5763. ʻȤϲ --- ΡָפȸƤǤϥᤫ ([2025-02-05-1])#5765. ʻȤϲ --- Bloomfield θ ([2025-02-07-1])#5771. ʻȤϲ --- ʬ ([2025-02-13-1]) ǵƤ
ʻ (parts of speech, or pos) ȤΤߤȷ᤿ʾ塤˴ŤʬहΤ٥ȤʤΤȤ꤬ʻߤɬפʤȤΤ1ĤΩǤϸ򲿤ʬΤ褤ΤȤ̤䤤ˡεǤϡŪʻʬब̣ǽ֤3Ĥδʣ˵äƤ뤳ȤǧΥСåפȤʤΤǤС줫1Ĥ˴Ť̩ܻؤ٤Ȥʤ롥
Ǥϡ̣ (semantics) ˴Ť̩ʬ򤹤Ȥɤʤ뤫ؿѸؼŵ٤ parts of speech ιǤϡλߤϤޤԤʤƤ롥ʲ˰Ѥ褦 (p. 837)

̣ǽ֤3δΤɤѤƤ褤櫓Ǥ뤬ĤȤ硤ޤΤʬǤ뤫ɤޤˡʬǤˤƤ⡤ʬबʸˡҤͭɤͤʤФʤʤ㤨С̣ʬषƤߤȡʻ֤ζΤ˶̤뤳ȤǤꡤˤ⤷ʬषȤƤ⡤ʬबʸˡҤˤ;ͭפˤϤʤʤǤ㤨Сarrive arrival Ʊʻ줿ȤȡˡˤĤƵҤ褦ȤСʬϡȤᤫؤžȤƤ̵̣ˤʤΤ褦˰̣ʻʬ̵פ顤˵ǽ֤ˤʬबͤ롥


̣ˤʬϡޤǤʤ̣ȤƤϤ˰յΤʻڤȤƤͭפǤϤʤ褦ȤȡʻȤΤϡ⤽̣ؤ;ϤʤȤȤˤʤΤ

⿮ ʸͺʴƽˡؿѸؼŵ١ҡ1982ǯ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2025-02-13 Thu

#5771. ʻȤϲ --- ʬ [pos][terminology][linguistics][history_of_linguistics][category][structuralism]

#5763. ʻȤϲ --- ΡָפȸƤǤϥᤫ ([2025-02-05-1]) ȡ#5765. ʻȤϲ --- Bloomfield θ ([2025-02-07-1]) ʻҲ𤷤ƤϡؿѸؼŵ٤ parts of speech ι򻲾Ȥʤ顤ѸŪ8ʻʬˤĤƹͤƤߤ롥
ѸŪ8ʻϡ̣ǽ֤3Ĥʬब㺮ˤʤäʬǤꡤŪˤ꤬Ȥ롥ޤ̾졤ƻ졤ư졤ˤĤƤϡ˰̣ŪʴʬƤȤäƤ褤̣ŪʴȤäƤ̯ʥϤǤ⤢롥Ѹ white ϡܸǤϡפȤ̾ˤ⡤򤤡פȤƻˤ̣Ūˤϸߤ˸¤ʤᤤƱͤˡʬϷƻưι礤λҤȤäƤ褤礤λҤߤФˤ̣Ū˶ᤤˡʾ4ʻʬˤĤƤϷŪʴ⾯ʤ餺ؤäƤꡤ̣ŪʴǸ櫓ǤϤʤ¾٤ựŪʼΧȤޤƤ;Ϥ뤫⤷ʤ
̾졤졤³ϵǽŪʴˤʬˤơֵǽŪפȤΥ٥ϥСϰϤ˹ˡŪפȶƤСʤǤ뤫⤷ʤ졼ϻĤ롥³Ū˷Ǥ̾ŪǽƱ˸ŪǽӤӤƤꡤֵǽŪפΥСϰϤäȹꤷƤɬפ褦ˤפ롥
ǸֻϤɤŪˤŪʵǽδʬȤäƤ褵̣ŪʹθäƤʤȤϤʤlike worth ϸˡŪפ餷ΤȤŪˤֻŪʿ񤤤򼨤ŪȤΤỤ̄äƤǤϷƻݤ
ʻ֤ζܤΤǤʤȤ꼫ΤϸŤ餢ꡤġŦƤ3Ĥʬबʣ˥СåפƤȤܼŪʲƤΤǤ롥

⿮ ʸͺʴƽˡؿѸؼŵ١ҡ1982ǯ

[ | ѥڡ ]

2025-02-12 Wed

#5770. helñ졼פθǤηϩ [word_play][radio_broadcast][helmate][helkatsu][ewlr][heltalk][link]

#5757. helñ졼סʲˡ ([2025-01-30-1]) ǾҲ𤷤 stand.fmʥաˤǤͷӡhelñ졼 (English Word-Lore Relay) θĴ˷³ƤޤإᥤȤ黲ԤƤơ䤫ˤʤäƤޤ
ޤǤΥ졼ή SVG ƤߤޤƥΡɤ򥯥åȡб륹ۿ٤褦ˤʤäƤޤ

fun fan van ban bakan pan food lord sword board hoard answer read mead bead prayer multi


ܲhelñ졼פ˻á礷ƤäƤإᥤ9̾Ҳ𤷤ޤ9̾ϾοޤγƥΡɤǿʬƤޤˡ

ari ˤari 饸
umisio ˤ֤Τ
ˤͥ
Grace ˤ֤~ȤФȤȤ~
δˤֱѸˤĤ֤䤭ͥ (heltalk)
ߡˤ֤ߡͥ
mozhi gengo ˤகதை மொழி 〜⤸〜
~ߤ󤵤ˤ֤~ߤͥ
Lilimi ˤ֤ߤβ

Υ졼³Ƥޤ礦

Referrer (Inside): [2025-02-23-1]

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2025-02-11 Tue

#5769. δˤѸ˴ϢβۿץåȥեθϤޤȤ [radio_broadcast][voicy][heldio][helwa][helkatsu][hel_education][heltalk][helsta][youtube]



ܥ֥λǡǤȤ Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)ī6ۿƤޤ2021ǯ62ۿϤƤ顤hellog Ʊͤ礫˱ѸˤϤƤޤ
ۿ heldio ϡαѸ˳ưȡhel (helkatsu) κǤפʥ١1ĤȤƵƻ˾äƤƤꡤֱѸˤδ֤ˡפȤݤ˻ƱƶϤƤ륳ꥹʡˤäޤ졤ۿʤΤǶ줷˳ڤhel饤դäƤޤ
heldio Voicy ȤۿץåȥեˤŸƤޤ2024ǯ721̤βۿץåȥե stand.fmʥաˤֱѸˤĤ֤䤭ͥ (heltalk)Ȥͥˤơheldio 3ǯ٤κϤƤޤˡ stand.fm ˡ͡ʲưץåȥե (Podcast) ƱƥĤޥۿƤޤƥĤƤƱǤȤΤʥץåȥե heldio αѸˤ򥢡İȤǤ褦ˤʤäƤޤΤǡ⤴Ѥʲ˷Ǻܤޤ
īϤƤǿƥĤϡVoicy heldio ΥΤߤ˸ꤵƤޤΤǡ餫餪İƱͤˡVoicy heldio ΥץߥꥹʡۿֱѸˤ (helwa)䤽¾Τ⡤Voicy ץåȥեफΤߤΥȤʤޤΤǤ餺



ڡ߿ʹβۿΥ heldio/helwa

Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)ī6ۿ
Voicy ץߥꥹʡۿֱѸˤ (helwa)轵ڤθ6ۿ800ߡ

ڡ嵭 heldio 3ǯ٤κۿˡ

stand.fm ֱѸˤĤ֤䤭ͥ (heltalk)
YouTube Podcast
Spotify
Amazon Music
Apple Podcast

ڡ嵭κʸӥդץåȥեࡡ

Listen



ʥץåȥեǡױѸˤǽƤС

Referrer (Inside): [2025-11-26-1]

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2025-02-10 Mon

#5768. 2024ǯ٤Ф줿´ʸȽʸ [hel_education][sotsuron][shuron][khelf][seminar][link]

ǯ١ʸʸ칶ĥߤ13ܤ´ʸ1ܤνʸФޤʲơܤޤαѸˤΥߤǤɤʤȤơޤȤʤΤȻפޤ

Ρ´ʸ

The Shifts in Australian Accents: Tracing Changes Through Media Narratives
The Characteristics of the Suffix -ive: with Special Attention to Its Noun-Forming Function
De-pluralization of Data: A Synchronic and Diachronic Research on Latin-or-Greek Plurals in English
Productivity of Suffixes and Their Relationship with Hyphens: A Comparative Analysis across Genres
Complexity as a Motivating Factor behind the Choice of more or -er in Comparative Alternation
The Changes of Prepositional Verbs Born in the 20th Century: A Case Study of Adjust to, Aim for, Argue about, Complain about and Concentrate on
The Decline of "May" in American English: Simplification as a Driving Force
A Study on the Polysemy of "Fast" through a Diachronic Analysis
The Varying Patronymic Surnames in England: Focusing on Bare-form, s-Form, and son-Form
Changing Proverbs: Insights into the Use of English Proverbs
Analyzing the Stereotype of English Dialect: A Case Study of The TV Corpus, Interview
Relationship between Slang and Its Speaker
The Linguistic Community of Singapore: Changes in Public Perception of Singlish After the Launch of Speak Good English Movement in 2000

Ρʸ

The Diffusion of Etymological Spellings in Early Modern English: Reference to the Latin Prefix Ad- and Analogical Changes

ǯ٤ΥߤǤѸˡѸؤ˴ؤ¿ͤʥơޤǸ椬ʤޤ̣ˡ桤̾ءҲؤʤɡؿ¿ˤ錄äƤޤǯʸˡ椬¿ä褦˻פޤ
ǯ٤Υ´ʸܤˤĤƤεåsotsuron ɤѸʬΥơõΥҥȤȤʤ뤫Ȼפޤ
Ϥߤ khelf ʷѸ˥եˤΥСǤkhelf αѸ˳ưϰʲǹԤʤäƤޤΤǡˬƥեʤɤƤС

khelf ۡڡ
khelf X @khelf_keio
khelf Instagram @khelf_keio

Referrer (Inside): [2026-01-01-1]

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Referrer (Inside): [2026-03-11-1]

2025-02-09 Sun

#5767. CNN English Express2025ǯ2ΡýѸο30 [voicy][heldio][asacul][neologism][lexicology][word_formation][kikuchi_shota]


asacul_20240427.png



콤ءˤ121դǸ줿ǿ note ֱѸο30 ---CNN English Express 2025ǯ2ýξҲ˿ȯơƱꤷޤ礦ɸѸο˴ؤīֺ¤ΤλõƤȤäȤ⤢ꡤý򤢤꤬ڤɤळȤǤޤ꤬ȤޤƱ2Ǥޤ
ýǼ夲줿30ϻԽˤȤȤǡϾܤ񤫤Ƥޤ󤬡ǯ¿Ѥ졤ǯ³ˤ˻ѤƤñ줬ԥååפƤΤꤵޤʲ5ĤʬǻʬƤޤ

ڴĶʳء򹯡 heat dome, zero-dose, autumn sneezing syndrome, popcorn brain, anthrobot, decel
ڷкѡӥͥ greedflation, neobank, digital twin, employee experience, bag holder, wanderpreneur
ڼҲ񡦲 situationship, porch piracy, Barbiecore, anti-airport dad, range anxiety, bed rotting
ڥͥåȴطǥϢ prompt, For You page, ELI5, doomscrolling, chronically online, enshittification
ڥ󥰡Ըա girl dinner, cap, bussin', brat, cash grab, the ick

ɽβʸϡýľäƤФȻפޤɼԤγϡɤ줯餤¸Ǥ¿Τ餺ٶפΤ餵ޤ򵡤˸ο˴ؿ󤻤ƤȻפޤʤεŤʾϡͽ̤곫֤줿īֺdzѤ뤳ȤǤޤ
ƱȤδϢǤϡ礦6ǯˡ#3542. CNN English Express2αѸýǺܤޤ ([2019-01-07-1]) ꤷƵ񤤤ƤޤҤ⤪ˬͤ

ýѸο30סCNN English Express2025ǯ2桤īǼҡ2025ǯ33--43ǡ

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2025-02-08 Sat

#5766. ֹʱѸ򶵤Ƥ --- heldio ۿ [suffix][voicy][heldio][helwa][helkatsu][word_formation][morphology][lexicology][affixation]



Voicy heldio #1348. ʱѸ򶵤Ƥꤷơꥹʡγˡֿ䤷פ򥳥Ǵ󤻤Ƥ餦÷helβϤޤ2֤30ۤɤΥȤ󤻤졤ƥꥹʡΤΡ뤤ϵˤʤ餫ˤʤĤĤޤ
⤽Ѹ (suffix) äơääȤȿ֤äƤǤηǤȤʤϤޤ󤬡ܥ֥Ǥϰʲε󤷤ƤȤޤΤǡͤˤƤС

#5677. ظ캬dzФ륳ѥñ٤ܼꥹȡ129ˡ ([2024-11-11-1])
#1478. Ƭ ([2013-05-14-1])
#5718. ꥷͳμƬϢ ([2024-12-22-1])

ˤСȤϴ¸ñκǸդ벿餫ΰ̣ǽäѡĤȤʤޤʵդñκǽդΤƬ (prefix) ǤˡΤˤäƤʤΤǤʤΤ򡤷䲻δ鸷̩˻ʬ뤳Ȥ񤷤⤢ȻפޤʤդͤùˤĤƤϡΥץߥۿ֡ڱѸˤ #247ۺīΡֿ䤷פۿˡǿޤˡ
Ϥ䤳ϲ֤Ƥʤι1ĤǤ2ĤǤ󤲤Ƥ館СϾ˥ץ󤷤ƤޤΤǡ¿βޤäƤ뤳ȤԤƤޤ
֤äƤߤСˤ褦 heldio ڤȤޤΤȤϡֿ䤷ֻפäΤǤʲ̤ꡤ夬ޤ

#5516. ʤΡֿ䤷ֻפϲǤ ([2024-06-03-1])
#5517. ˿Ҥͤޤ --- ʤΡֿ䤷ֻפϲǤ ([2024-06-04-1])
#5578. ֿ䤷ֻפ夬ä helwa ۿΥåɤ ([2024-08-04-1])

[ | ѥڡ ]

2025-02-07 Fri

#5765. ʻȤϲ --- Bloomfield θ [pos][terminology][linguistics][history_of_linguistics][category][structuralism]

ε#5763. ʻȤϲ --- ΡָפȸƤǤϥᤫ ([2025-02-05-1]) ǡ"parts of speech" ʻˡ"word-class" ʸˡ"form-class" ʷˤȤäѸ췲ˤĤƹͤꥫ¤δ Bloomfield ϡɽŪ Language (§12.11) ˤơ3Ĥ̤ƹͤƤ롥

The syntactic form-classes of phrases . . . can be derived from the syntactic form-classes of words: the form-classes of syntax are most easily described in terms of word-classes. Thus, in English, a substantive expression is either a word (such as John) which belongs to this form-class (a substantive), or else a phrase (such as poor John) whose center is a substantive; and an English finite verb expression is either a word (such as ran) which belongs to this form-class (a finite verb), or else a phrase (such as ran away) whose center is a finite verb. An English actor-action phrase (such as John ran or poor John ran away) does not share the form-class of any word, since its construction is exocentric, but the form-class of actor-action phrases is defined by their construction: they consist of a nominative expression and a finite verb expression (arranged in a certain way), and this, in the end, again reduces the matter to terms of word-classes.
   The term parts of speech is traditionally applied to the most inclusive and fundamental word-classes of a language, and then, in accordance with the principle just stated, the syntactic form-classes are described in terms of the parts of speech that appear in them. However, it is impossible to set up a fully consistent scheme of parts of speech, because the word-classes overlap and cross each other.


form-class ϸŪбñ̡word-class Ϥ form-class ŵŪʼ򼨤°Ūʶʬparts of speech Ϥ word-class ŪǴŪʷȤȤˤʤ
ƤäޤȤΤǤС줾Ūñ̡Ūñ̡á졦Ūñ̤ȤäƤ褤ʻ (parts of speech) ϼŪ椨˹ѤƤ뤬ºݤˤʣŪʤǰճʣˤñ̤ȤȤˤʤ롥

Bloomfield, Leonard. Language. 1933. Chicago and London: U of Chicago P, 1984.

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2025-02-06 Thu

#5764. 28ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ11ֱѸˤߤ븽οפΤ [asacul][notice][kdee][etymology][hel_education][helkatsu][link][lexicology][vocabulary][contact][borrowing][word_formation][compounding][derivation][shortening][loan_word][voicy][heldio]


asacul_20240427.png



28ڡ 17:30--19:00
ꡧī㡼󥿡ɶ
̡饤Υϥ֥åɷ1֤θƨۿ
ߡī㡼󥿡֥

ǯ٤ī륷꡼ָֺ츻ŵǤɤѸˡ˰٤ΥڡǽĴ˿ʤǤޤرѸ츻ŵ١ʸҡ򻲾Ȥʤ顤Ѹûˤ򤿤ɤäƤ꡼Ǥ
28ڡˤͼ˳֤11ϡֱѸˤߤ븽οפꤷơ褤踽Ѹ졤ʤ20--21αѸθä˾Ƥޤ
ѸϡιȤäȯŪäλޤƤޤǥ뵻ѤȯŸҲε®ѲȼñɽƤޤظˤŪ˰Ӥη¸ߤޤƬɲäˤסʣñȤ߹碌ʣס¸ñΡû̡סե졼ƬʸƬפʤɤǤ
ιֺ¤ǤϡѸˤγƻηˤդʧʤ顤Ѹˤ뿷Ƴħ⤭ĦˤƤޤä˾ҤΤ褦ʸ¿ͤˡܤɤΤ褦˸ҲѲʸŪĬήȿǤƤΤõޤθΥץ򤹤뤳ȤϡѸθäΥʥߥɤ߲򤯸ȤʤϤǤĤΤ褦ˡرѸ츻ŵ٤ʤɤ򻲾ȤʤʤƤޤ
ܥ꡼ֺ¤γƲΩƤޤΤǡؤλáԻäˤ餺󤫤餴äȤǤޤ10ʬˤĤƤϡơפޥɥޥåפˤޤȤƤޤΤǡʲε

#5625. ī륷꡼ֺ¤1ֱѸ츻ŵڤפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-09-20-1])
#5629. ī륷꡼ֺ¤2ֱѸäˤ򳵴ѤפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-09-24-1])
#5631. ī륷꡼ֺ¤3ֱñȡ֥ˡ§ספޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-09-26-1])
#5639. ī륷꡼ֺ¤4ָαѸ˻ĤűѸκספޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-10-04-1])
#5646. ī륷꡼ֺ¤5ֱѸ졤ƥȽв񤦡פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-10-11-1])
#5650. ī륷꡼ֺ¤6ֱѸ졤󥰤θȸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-10-15-1])
#5669. ī륷꡼ֺ¤7ֱѸ졤ե󥹸˿פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-11-03-1])
#5704. ī륷꡼ֺ¤8ֱѸ졤ȸήפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-12-08-1])
#5723. ī륷꡼ֺ¤9ֱѸ졤ƥ󡦥ꥷƴפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-12-27-1])
#5760. ī륷꡼ֺ¤10ֱѸ졤νܿפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-02-02-1])

ֺܹ¤ξܺ٤ȤߤɤرѸ츻ŵ١ʸҡ򤪻ϡ˵֤Ĥļ֤Ф¸ޤʴϢդޤΤǡŵʤȤ֤ˤꤢޤˡ


߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ



11ˤĤƤϡVoicy heldio Ǥ#1345. 28ڡˤīֺ¡ֱѸˤߤ븽οפ˸ơȤƤ⤷ƤޤΤǡҤİ



߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2025-02-16-1]

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2025-02-05 Wed

#5763. ʻȤϲ --- ΡָפȸƤǤϥᤫ [pos][terminology][linguistics][history_of_linguistics][category][structuralism]

ε ([2025-02-04-1]) ³ʻ (parts of speech, or pos) ȤǰѸᤰꡥ Crystal θѸ켭ŵ򷫤äƤߤ

part of speech The TRADITIONAL term for a GRAMMATICAL CLASS of WORDS. The main 'parts of speech' recognized by most school grammars derive from the work of the ancient Greek and Roman grammarians, primarily the NOUN, PRONOUN, VERB, ADVERB, ADJECTIVE, PREPOSITION, CONJUNCTION and INTERJECTION, with ARTICLE, PARTICIPLE and others often added. Because of the inexplicitness with which these terms were traditionally defined (e.g. the use of unclear NOTIONAL criteria), and the restricted nature of their definitions (reflecting the characteristics of Latin or Greek), LINGUISTS tend to prefer such terms as WORD-class or FORM-class, where the grouping is based on FORMAL criteria of a more UNIVERSALLY applicable kind.


ꥷƥʸˡΰ仺ѤŪŪʸˡ (category) Ǥ뤳ȤĴƤꡤ줬ɬΤʸäζʬǤ櫓ǤϤʤȤˤ⿨Ƥ롥衤ʻϳǰŪʸöʬȤ򤵤뤳Ȥ¿äºݤˤϤ "unclear" ΡˤǤȤҤ٤Ƥ롥
äơCrystal ϸؤǤϤष "word-class" ʸˤ "form-class" ʷˤȸƤָ¿ȽҤ٤Ƥ롥ΤˡʻפȤѸ򴺤򤱤륱ϤꤽʻפǤ줤˳ڤʤˡŪʳǰѸȤƤΡָפФȤϤȻפ
Ǥ⡤ؤˤƤϡäΩǤϤ뤬ʻפϤޤƼʤΤۤ¿ΤǤϤʤؤȤƤޤƧ߸Ǥ줿ʻפΤˤ

Crystal, David, ed. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. 6th ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008. 295--96.

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2025-02-04 Tue

#5762. ʻȤϲ --- ܸΡʻפŵŵĴ٤ [pos][terminology][linguistics][history_of_linguistics][category]

ʻ (parts of speech, or pos) ϺǸŤʸˡƤ1ĤȤäƤ褤夫鸽ˤ빭̣Ǥθ (linguistics) ˤΤʤǡͭѤǤ³Ǥ롥
ܸΡʻפȤѸˤĤơ켭ŵɴʻŵεҤΤƤߤޤܹ缭ŵ٤ꡥ

Ҥ-ʻۡ̾͡ұ parts of speech ӡʡбѡparts of speech ʸˡΰյǽ֤ʤɤʬषñζʬƸγعʸˡǤϡ̤߰Ȭʻ̾졦̾졦ƻ졦ư졦졦³졦ֻ졦ˤȤ롣ʸˡǤϡ̾졦졦̾졦ư졦ƻ졦ư졦Ϣλ졦졦³졦ư졦졦ư줬󤲤뤬ʻ硢ʬ⤢ꡢޤˤäưƱ롣ʻפθϡʸˡȤƤϡǯʰȬ͡ˤ־ʸŵפǼʻ⤤ΤǤᤤʸẉ̂͡Ȭּʻ̾ܡס¯󡾰ϻỌ̃̄͸ְʻǡ˴ؤñɸϤȽ󤷼оȤ򽯽Ρסʸˡ涵ʽ̣͡ʸɧӰñΰʾȬʤʻ̾Ťסʸẉ̂͡˧Ӱ졦컰ֽϼʻβˤĤ¾ʻȤδط򼨤¶Ѥʤ


ˡإǥ缭٤ꡥ

Ҥ-ʻۡparts of speechʸˡοǽˤä̤ñζʬʸˡǤϤդĤ̾졦̾졦ư졦ƻ졦ư졦Ϣλ졦졦³졦ư졦ư졦11ʻʬह롣ʬˤĤƤϡΤưǧʤΤ䡢Τۤ˿ΩƤΤʤɡˤƱ롣


ɴʻŵ٤ǤĹܤȤʤäƤ롥Ƭ1ΤߤѤ롥

ʻ Ҥ
ʸˡѸΰġ줾θˤȯäεȤʤñ̡ʤʸϡʸˡΥ٥ǤϺǽŪñʬϤʵդˤСñʸˡΤ褦ñˤϡޤ¿ʤơʤϤ椦ˡʥƥ꡼ˤ¸ߤơ٤ƤñϤΤ줫°Ƥ롣ĤƤ°ñϤεǽѤʤʸΤɤΤ褦ʰ֤˸뤫ˤͭƤ롣Ƥʻ parts of speech ȸƤǤ̾ȤưȤȸƤФƤΤǤ롣


ɴ٤ǤĹܤʤΤǡǽ3Τ߼

ʻ Ҥ
ʸˡεҡηϲŪȤơʸˡ˴Ťʬष̡ǽʸˤʤɤδȤʤ롣ġθϤ줫ʻ˽°뤳ȤȤʤ롣
ʻ̾Τ parts of speech ʱѸˡparties du discours ʥե󥹸ˤʤɤʸŵνѸȤΩΡͻˤϡʸˡȤơֻʡסʡסֶʤλפΤ褦ʤΤäʬռȤƤϡܤˤŤ餢ꡢֻסּס֤Ƥˤϡסֽסֵ٤ס̾ʤʡˡפʤɤ̾ΤΤȤ˸ʬबԤƤʻפȤϡ̤ˡʸŵ͢ˤäƿͤ줿̤򤵤ʻμࡢ̾Τˤϡˤä¿ΰƱ⤢뤬̤˹ԤƤΤϡ̾졦졦̾졦ư졦ƻ졦ư졦Ϣλ졦졦³졦ư졦졦ưʤɤǤ롣ΤοξʬǤθסѸפʤɤ̾ΡӲʬǤֳʽסַפʤɤʻȤư뤳Ȥ⤢롣ʤƬספʤɤʻ̾ΤȤѤ뤳Ȥ⤢롣
줾ʻ˽°Ūʸ⡢ˤäưƱ롣ȤСȡǽȯºɡɽ֤롦롦ʤ롦롦롦ˡפϡĹͺ ʤ褷 γǤϡʣסܿʵȤγǤϡֽưס ʤȤ γǤϡפȤ롣ߤι켭ǤϡФβʻ̾򵭤Ȥ̤Ǥ롣Ū˿¿̾פˤĤƤϡάƤΤ¿


פȻפ4ФȡΤ褦ˤʤ롥

ʻϸյǽ֤ˤäƶʬΤǤ
⡦Ԥˤäʻζʬۤʤ
̤˶ʬ줿ʻοϾǡĤҤȤĤñϤ줫ʻ°
ܸΡʻפϡθ줫͢줿ζʬؤΤ˼ȤѤ

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2025-02-03 Mon

#5761. ַ Helvillian 2椬ޤ [helwa][heldio][notice][helmate][helkatsu][helvillian]


Helvillian_202502.png



128ʲСˤˡط Helvillian 〜ϥѸˡ٤κǿȤʤ42025ǯ2ޤ
heldio/helwa Υꥹʡʤ֥ͭإᥤȤˤǡ28ˡη֤γˤ͡ʱѸ˳ưhel(helkatsu) note ǥ󥯤ĥĤľҲ𤷤ƤȤhelǤ note եƤФȻפޤ
ǿǤϡ2025ǯheldio/helwa夬ΤϡפȤýȤޤƤꡤǯ heldio/helwa ꤦ̴ŸƤޤޤ۵ýȤơThey Ѹ˥ƥˤĤơפԤޤ졤콤ءˤΡthey 5Ĥˡסꥹʡ ari 夵ˤѸ˥Ĥˤ른硼۵®󵭻ʤɤ¤Ӥޤ
ˡ夵ΡֱѸΤʤ5ʬǤäƤޤ̿פ˱Ѹ˥סlacolaco ΡֱѸ츻ŵɥΡȡסumisio Ρ֥ޡפʤɤο͵ϢܤϡѤ餺˭ƤǤȤơykagata ˤ֤Τۤͥ300ǰ饤֤˹ԤäƤޤפ䡤〜ߤ󤵤ˤ KPT Ǥդ꤫hel2024פʤɤܤ򽸤ƤޤǤ٤ƤҲ𤹤뤳ȤϤǤޤ󤬡̤Ȥˤؤʽ¿ǤΤǡҰĤҤȤĤɤߤ
ɽΤĹοڳǤɽΤȤФ Galois ôĹ߽ʤǤϤλäƤޤԽѰ Grace ˤhelwaΤߡưפ⿷ϢܤȤƥȤ helwa γưϿȤƽפ̤ƤȤˤʤꤽǤ夬ڤߤǤ
ɤ Galois Grace Lilimi umisio ˤϡǯ᡹餪ޤꤤޤƴդޤˤĤƤܥֱ֥Ѹθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)Ǥ⤷ƤޤΤǡ⤼ҤȤ

heldio #1282.  Helvillian 2椬ޤ --- إᥤȤˤ뼫Ūhel2024ǯ1029ۿ
helwa ֡ڱѸˤ #204۽ˡHelvillian ϴ2024ǯ1029ۿ
heldio #1248.  Helvillian ϴ --- helwa ꥹʡ֤ͭˤ륦֥ޥ2024ǯ123ۿ
hellog #5700. ַ Helvillian ϴ桦2椬Ƥޤ ([2024-12-04-1])
hellog #5725. ַ Helvillian 1椬ޤ ([2024-12-29-1])
helwa ֡ڱѸˤ #243Helvillian 2椬ȯԡ2025ǯ128ۿ
heldio #1341. Helvillian 2椬2025ǯ130ۿʲꤪİ


[ | ѥڡ ]

2025-02-02 Sun

#5760. ī륷꡼ֺ¤10ֱѸ졤νܿפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ [asacul][mindmap][notice][kdee][etymology][hel_education][lexicology][contact][vocabulary][cosmopolitan_vocabulary][borrowing][loan_word][link]

125ˡǯ٤ī㡼󥿡ɶǤΥ꡼ֺ¡ָ츻ŵǤɤѸˡפ10󤬳֤ޤϡֱѸ졤νܿפꤷơ˶Ѹ¿¿ͤʸ줫θüѤܤޤ
Ѹꥹ¾󶯤٤ʤʽФ̤ޤꥹηǡθȤܿˤʡŪá (cosmopolitan_vocabulary) 뤳ȤˤʤꡤѸäϳʤ˭ˤʤޤθŪȯŸơ19ȾФΥꥹ Oxford English Dictionary ԻϤ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ
ιֺ¤Ǥ⡤̤ӥ饤¿ˤäޤ꤬Ȥޤ10Ƥ markmap Ȥ֥ġˤޥɥޥåײޤʲȤƤɤˡʤɤˤѤ



Υ꡼10ˤĤƤ hellog heldio βǤ夲ƤޤΤǡȤ

hellog #5743. 125ڡˤīΥ꡼ֺ10ֱѸ졤νܿפΤ ([2025-01-16-1])
heldio #1325. 125ڡˤīֺ¡ֱѸ졤νܿפ˸ơ (2025/01/14)
heldio #1331. īǤϱѸäܸ夲ޤ --- 50ǯDZѸä⥷Ѹ򤤤ĤҲ (2025/01/20)
heldio #1335. OED Իطʤˤä --- īֺ¤Ǽ夲ޤ (2025/01/24)

ޤ꡼ΥޥɥޥåפˤĤƤϡʲ⤴Ȥ

#5625. ī륷꡼ֺ¤1ֱѸ츻ŵڤפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-09-20-1])
#5629. ī륷꡼ֺ¤2ֱѸäˤ򳵴ѤפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-09-24-1])
#5631. ī륷꡼ֺ¤3ֱñȡ֥ˡ§ספޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-09-26-1])
#5639. ī륷꡼ֺ¤4ָαѸ˻ĤűѸκספޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-10-04-1])
#5646. ī륷꡼ֺ¤5ֱѸ졤ƥȽв񤦡פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-10-11-1])
#5650. ī륷꡼ֺ¤6ֱѸ졤󥰤θȸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-10-15-1])
#5669. ī륷꡼ֺ¤7ֱѸ졤ե󥹸˿פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-11-03-1])
#5704. ī륷꡼ֺ¤8ֱѸ졤ȸήפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2024-12-08-1])
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īֺ¤ϡ628ڡ17:30--19:00˳ͽǤ11ֱѸˤߤ븽οפꤷơ20--21οħ򡤱Ѹˤδ⤭ĦˤޤαѸäϡŪįȼ¤̤Ǥī㡼󥿡ɶָ츻ŵǤɤѸˡΥڡꤪߤޤȹǤ

߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ

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2025-02-01 Sat

#5759. Թ궵Ƥܸν񤭸դ˴ؤƹͻ줿ʸ [japanese][writing][kanji][hiragana][katakana][grammatology][youtube][inohota][heldio]

ǯ12ꡤYouTube ֤ΤۤإͥˤԹʷ̾ˤ򥲥Ȥˤơ4ˤ錄ָإХפۿƤޤ

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μϿκݤꡤȤν񤫤줿ִ̾򤸤ɽˡǧβʳءפȤͤҲ𤷤Ƥޤܸδ̾򤸤ʸɤ߽񤭤ˤĤơǧβʳؤδͻ줿ؤ󼨺ŪʸǤƬ˶ᤤפʵҤѤޤ (102--03)

ޤܸν񤭤ȤФˤޤĤŪʵϹءܸءܸ춵ؤʤɤΰǽפʹͻ¿ʤƤƤ롥Ʊˡ¤ѻ뤤ܸʿ̾Ȥ褦ʸŪʵ⤢롥ʸɸಽкѤʸҲưΤʤǤ뤿ᡤʵΤϤʤ롥¾ǡܤǤ̾οпŪ椬Ѥ߽ŤͤƤƤꡤΰǤϴ̾Ѥ¦ƳƤˤ롥ޤ20ȾФȯˤʤäǧβʳؤȯŸȼ̾ѤˤĤƿΰ貣Ūʳغݸ椬Ԥ褦ˤʤäºݡʸǧβʳؤˤƤθԤζ̣椭ĤƤ롥Ǥϴ̾򤸤ι餫ˤĤĤꡤܸʸ϶̣äȤ롥츦Ͽʹ֤ʲǤĤꤢǧεǽڤȤưյ롥̾ʻ¸븽ܸϤΰ̣˲ͤΤ륵ץ줾θˤϡθʸѤ߽ŤͤƤʸˤȼȤڤäƤڤʤͤ뤬ˤȤɤޤ餺Ͽʹ֤ȤʪŪǽפüȤʤ롥ǤϤޤǤζ̣͸ʸܸδ̾򤸤ɽˡˤĤƤοʻغŪΰյˤĤƽҤ٤


϶񤭽Ф顤ʸνޤǰ쵤ɤ߹Ǥޤޤޤ˲椬դꡥϢơ heldio #745. ܿͤ衤ʸܳФ (2023/06/15) ⤪İС

סִ̾򤸤ɽˡǧβʳءסؤȤФʸ14桤ܤΥ޻ҡ2021ǯ4102--13ǡ

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