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ǯ٤ؤ̵˽λشˡѸ˳ιֵˤĤԤ鴶ۤոä¿ԽäĤġƿ̾ΤޤޤǥȤҲ𤷤
ѲȤΤϡ§ƤäȤŪͳǤϤʤϰ衤üԤʸҲȤδطȤäŪͳõʤи뤳ȤϤǤʤȤѸˤΰյĤ俼ߤΤ뤳ȤǤ
ֱѸˡפȤؽΰ褬äꤢȤȤ˶̣äƤȤäȤäƳȤƤˤ鸽ĤľΤ줿ȻפǡμȤǤäѸФʵ齸ơ⤹ϡФľʻȽʵ䤫Ÿ´
Ѹˤιֵ̤ơñʤѸˤؤǤΤǤϤʤơּҲפΤȤؤ٤ȤʻĤȤǤοʻäƤ줫ιֵפߤޤʲͤϽФȴ
ñĤŤܤΤȤƤǶϫƤ롥ñİĤܤ֤ϡͳ褫ʡפ֤аޤǤΤĤŤˤʤäΤʡפȹͤ餻СѸؽڤʤΤǤϤʤȻפäˤؤȤDZѸؽꤪ⤷ʤȻפ
γؤӤˤơ鼫ʬѸιǤƤ褦ˡʬβˤΤФƤǧΥ졤ƤľȤǿʳؤӤ뤳ȤڤȻפޤμȤơѸˤǤʤʬʤʪθѤƤߤ褦ȤޤǻפȤǤޤ
ȤΤñΤȤƤΩҲˤȿؤ꤬뤳Ȥ褤Ǥ̤Ȥ٤Ͽʹ֤˭ŪϤߤĻ벽Τȴ
Ѹˤˤޤͤ¤ǤˤǤ뤫餳ŪʪθĤ¿ŪȽǤ뤳ȤڤˤȻפȤˤȤäƲβͤǤä
ϺǽֱѸˡפʹƿȹƤѸؽϤƤˤĤơѸˤؤ֤ʤDz褷ƤȤǤؤ٤гؤ֤ۤɤ⤷ʤΤαѸˤȴˤƤˤȤäơѸˤ繥ʱѸˤΥߥåǤꡤܤ餦ƤǤäˤdzؤ̾ʤˤѸ˱ƶڤܤƤ뤳ȤϾä
ơǸˤĤ̾Ȥ褦
ˡ§ϰ߲ͥǻȤ롥ѸؤΰؤΥȥԥåϰ߲ǻȤȸäƤΤˤ̤Ȼפä
ȤȤǡʼȤϤƤ YouTube ֤ΤۤإͥҤꤤޤʾС
εƱݤ Voicy heldio ˤԤΥȤҲ𤷤ܵȹ碌ơ#1522. ֱѸˡפιֵ --- 2025ǯǡİС
¿ but ˤĤƤϡ͡ˡŦƤ롥Partridge Usage and Abusage ˤСbut 䤽ޤե졼˴ϢơʤȤ11ջबФȤΩƤƤ롥¿ǤǤ뤬椨ܤޤΤ
only ̣ȤƤ but θѤˤĤƤϡonly 켫Τ˴Ƥѻ˽ऺcf. #1923. only ΰ̣ but ([2014-08-02-1])ˡֻ but ˤĤƤϡ³γʤȤʤcf. #5929. but ֻ³ˡӳʻۤ ([2025-07-21-1])ˡۤ˥ޥʡ˴ؤŦ¿ΤǤϥ㡼ʡ֤פ̣̾³ȤƤˡ˴ؤѤܤPartridge (56) Ѥ롥
but (conunction) is wrongly used in the following, quoted by C. C. Boyd (Grammar for Grown-Ups) from a newspaper: 'A gale swept the roads, and his (Mr Cobham's) machine was unprotected. At midnight he attached a second anchor, but the machine weatherd the gale undamaged.' This is what is called a non sequitur. But must be used instead of and; the sentence should read: '. . . his machine was unprotected, but weathered the gale . . . because he had attached a second anchor.'
The conjunction but is also incorrect in the following: 'He will certainly say of Mallet that as a detective he was remarkable not so much for the questions he put but for those he avoided putting' (John Ferguson); not so much . . . as is correct, but the sentence might also read: '. . . not for the questions he put, but for those . . .'.
J. B. Priestley, in English Humour, falls into the same error: 'He [Munden] was not so much a comic actor, consciously presenting an amusing part, but a real comedian . . .': here but should be as.
ȾϡֵܡפʤΤ̩˸Ƥ줺ȯФ줿ʸ˴ؤָѡפǡܤ but ˤϤ褯ܸǤƱͤϸ䤿ʤ
Ⱦϡnot so much A as B not A but B Ȥιʸκ (contamination) Ǥ롥
ʤߤˡƱǤϽܤ and ˤĤƤˡ12⤢롥Ǥ롥
Partridge, Eric. Usage and Abusage. 3rd ed. Rev. Janet Whitcut. London: Penguin Books, 1999.
ε#5936. Ѹν³ ([2025-07-28-1]) Ǽ夲³ (subordinator = subordinating conjunction) ˤĤĴ٤ʤǡ³Ѥʳˤ⽾Ǥ뤳Ȥɸʤ¿뤳ȤΤäQuirk et al. (§§11.12) 4Ĥˡ˸ڤƤ롥
(a) wh-
ܵʸطᡤʤɤƳŪˤ who/whom/whose, which, where, when, whether, how, what, why; whoever, whomever (rare), whichever, wherever, whenever, whatever, however ʤɤѤ롥ˤäƳΤʤǼ졤Ū졤졤ղøʤɤ̤̩ʰ̣ǤΡ³פȤϤʤΤΡ³ŪʵǽͭȤϤ롥
(b) ط that
³ that ȤϡŪ䤬ۤʤ롥
(c) VS
ΤᤤHad I known more, I would have refused the job. Τ褦ʸȾʬˤ֤ϡIf I had known more ȥѥե졼뤳ȤǤŪ˽ƱȤʤ롥
Sad though/as I was Τ褦Ե§ʸιʸ⡤˽स롥
(d) ʬ칽ʸ
ֽפˤ뤬The match will take place tomorrow, weather permitting. Τ褦ˡư줬Ѥ륱θ뤳ȤǤ롥
ۤˤϡƳ뽾롥㤨С³Ȥơ뤤ϴطȤƤ that ϡФоάΤǡȤʤ (ex. I suppose (that) you're right) ޤɾǤϡYou're right, I suppose. Τ褦ˡŪʥޡ礯Ȥ¿
Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. A Grammar of Contemporary English. London: Longman, 1972.
ε#5935. Ѹ³ ([2025-07-27-1]) ³³ (conjunction) ΤʤǤ³ (subordinator = subordinating conjunction) ܤΰǤȤΤ Quirk et al. (§§11.9--11) Ǥ롥
[ñ㽾³졡]
after, (al)though, as, because, before, but (that), if, how(ever), like (familiar), once, since, that, till, unless, until, when(ever), where(ver), whereas, whereby, whereupon, while, whilst (especially BrE)
[ʣ罾³졡]
that ǽ
in that, so that, in order that†, such that, except that, for all that, save that (literary)
that ץΤ
now (that), providing (that), provided (that), supposing (that), considering (that), given (that), granting (that), granted (that), admitting (that), assuming (that), presuming (that), seeing (that), immediately (that), directly (that)
as ǽ
as far as, as long as, as soon as, so long as, insofar as, so far as, inasmuch as (formal), according as, so as (+ to + infinitive)
than ǽ
sooner than (+ infinitive), rather than (+ infinitive)
¾
as if, as though, in case
[ؽ³졡]
if . . . then, (al)though . . . yet/nevertheless, as . . . so
more/-er/less . . . than, as . . . as, so . . . as, so . . . (that), such . . . as, such . . . (that), no sooner . . . than
whether . . . or
the . . . the
ۤ˸Ťᤫ³Ȥ albeit, lest, whence, whither äƤ褤
Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. A Grammar of Contemporary English. London: Longman, 1972.
#947. Ѹֻ ([2011-11-30-1]) ³ŵŪǽ (function word) Ȥ³ (conjunction) ΰǤ³ˤ³ (coordinator = coordinating conjunction) ³ (subordinator = subordinating conjunction) ꡤԤΰȤΤ Quirk et al. (§9.28) Ǥ롥
Ρ³졡
and, or, but
Ρ³˶ᤤ³졡
for, so that
ȤۤɤοǤϤʤ¤ϤǿԤƤޤ
³줫ɤΤ1 for ˤĤƤϡ#1542. ³ȤƤ for ([2013-07-17-1]) Ȥ줿
ۤ nor ȤƤ뤫⤷ʤand ʤ̤³줬Ԥǡ³ȤϤʤboth, either, neither 3ˤĤƤϡand, or, but ȤȤ˹³ (correlative conjunction) ΰˤȤɤޤ뤳ȡnor Ʊ̤ͤ³줬Ԥ뤳Ȥ顤³ȤϤʤ
Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. A Grammar of Contemporary English. London: Longman, 1972.
#5931. but ͡ˡ --- Kruisinga ([2025-07-22-1]) ӡ#5932. but ͡ˡɤɾ뤫 --- Kruisinga ([2025-07-24-1]) ǿ줿but ˤ but what Ȥ̯ˡ롥but that ȤƤ⡤뤤 but ñΤȤƤǧˡɤ櫓 but what ȤƤ⸽롥Ūˤ that . . . not ΰդɽ路ްդ뽾°ƳˡPoutsma (793) ˲⤬롥
In good colloquial language, and even in ordinary Standard English, but what often takes the place of but that; thus in:
- I don't say but what he's as free as ever. Dick., Bleak House, Ch. XLIX, 410.
- Who knew but what he might yet be lingering in the neighbourhood? Mrs. Gask., Cranf., Ch. X, 187.
It is difficult to find a grammatical explanation of this construction. Possibly it is due to the influence of but what, often found at the head of attributive adnominal clauses, although also here there is a serious grammatical anomaly, viz. the use of what when the reference is to persons (Ch. XVI, 12), as in:
- He had no visible friends, but what had been acquired at Highbury. Jane Austen, Emma, Ch. III, 22.
- There's no Tulliver but what's honest. G. Eliot, Mill, III, Ch. IX, 243.
According to the O. E. D. (s.v. but, 30), "but what often occurs for but that in various senses and is still dial. and colloq."
what ʸˡŪ˲᤹ΤʤС°ƳεǽǵȤߤʤƤ褤Ϣơ#2314. °³ȤƤ that ([2015-08-28-1]) ⻲ȡ
Poutsma, H. A Grammar of Late Modern English. Part II, The Parts of Speech, II. Groningen: P. Noordhoff, 1926.
ܸΡ֤ꡤѸ but ꡤܤ³ ((adversative) conjunction) ȸƤФ뤬⤽ܤȤϲϱѸ but Ѥɽܤ뤬㤨 A but B ȤȤA B δطܤǤȤϡ̣Τ
Ǥñ˹ͤСA B ̣ŪȿդξˡδطϵܤȤ뤫⤷ʤ̣Ū˸̩ȿդξˤϡbut ΩȤȤ߹蘆줿ɽϡܤȤ̷⡤뤤Ƶˡ (oxymoron) ȤʤäƤޤShe is rich but poor. Τ褦
äơ¿ξ硤but ˤܤɽϡ̣Ū˸̩ȿդȤŪʥȤ٤ʤΤ⤷ʤA 뤿ɬפ (presupposition) B ǤѤʤȤ A Ԥ뤳Ȥ B ΩʤȤŪʴ顤ܴطȤߤʤΤǤϤʤ
դĤĤȹͤƤԿʤʤΤǡQuirk et al. §13.32ˤäƤߤ
The use of but 13.32
But expresses a contrast which could usually be alternatively expressed by and followed by yet. The contrast may be in the unexpectedness of what is said in the second conjoin in view of the content of the first conjoin:
John is poor, but he is happy. ['. . . and yet he is happy']
This sentence implies that his happiness is unexpected in view of his poverty. The unexpectedness depends on our presuppositions and our experience of the world. It would be reasonable to say:
John is rich, but he is happy.
if we considered wealth a source of misery.
The contrast expressed by but may also be a repudiation in positive terms of what has been said or implied by negation in the first conjoin (cf 13.42):
Jane did not waste her time before the exam, but studied hard every evening. [1]
In such cases the force of but can be emphasized by the conjunct rather or on the contrary (cf 8.137):
I am not objecting to his morals, but rather to his manners. [2]
With this meaning, but normally does not link two clauses, but two smaller constituents; for example, the conjoins are two predicates in [1] and two prepositional phrases in [2]. The conjoins cannot be regarded as formed simply by ellipsis from two full clauses, since the not in the first clause conjoin is repudiated in the second. Thus the expansion of [2] into two full clauses must be as follows:
I am not objecting to his morals, but (rather) I am objecting to his manners.
ɤߡnot A but B ɽˤƤʤ but Ѥ뤫ʬäƤA ŪǡB ϹŪǤȤȿиǤ뤳Ȥܤ³ but ɽ路Ƥ롤ȤȤʤΤ
Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman, 1985.
ε#5931. but ͡ˡ --- Kruisinga ([2025-07-22-1]) Ǥߤ but ͡ˡ֤δطˤĤơKruisinga ϷȤʤ1ǼΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ (II. 2, p. 433)
1514. In dealing with the meanings of the conjunction as an attempt has been made to show most of its uses as a development of its comparative sense. No such attempt has been made in the case of but because its various meanings are not connected but isolated. The result of this isolation (indeed its cause as well) is that but is not so strong and live an element of present-day English, and several of its uses tend to be restricted to literary English, i.e. they are on the road that will ultimately lead to their disappearance. This may be said of the uses in 1509, 1 and 3; 1510, 2; the use of but what may be considered dialectal by some, although it is not corrected away by editors and writers.
but ¿ͤˡ as ΤӤƤ뤬ԤϤ٤ŪǤΤΡԤϤ줬̵ȽҤ٤Ƥ롥ۤ but ¿Ǥ롥Ūʴʪ
Kruisinga, E A Handbook of Present-Day English. 4 vols. Groningen, Noordhoff, 1909--11.
Ϣ but ܤƤ롥ñ͡ˡˤĤơKruisinga (II. 2, pp. 431--33) 5ˤ錄Ҳ𤷤Ƥ롥Ȥ櫓ط̾ŪˡˤƳˡΰ夲Ƥ롥
1509. But can be used in simple sentences, also as a coordinating conjunction, and as a subordinating conjunction to introduce a clause.
In simple sentences the conjunction but is not easily to be distinguished from adverbs; it may express:
(1) 'only', as in She is but a child.
(2) 'except', as in They are all wrong but he. See also 974f.
(3) 'than', after comparatives and similar words, as in There remains no more but to thank you for your courteous attention; It is nothing else but laziness.
1510. As a conjunction connecting sentences but may express a restriction of a preceding coordinate statement, as in You were right but you should not have said anything about it.
As a subordinating conjunction but may introduce:
(1) attributive clauses defining a noun in a negative sentence; the antecedent noun has the function of the subject of the clause.
- Not a paper reaches us from Russia but contains an account of some new educational enterprise. (Times Ed. S. 29/5, '19.)
- Few readers but will be astonished to find that the field should be so rich and wide. (Times Lit. 25/1, '18.)
- There are few thinking people but realize the great war as the death-agony of an old order, the birth-travail of a new. (Times Lit. 10/9, '15.)
- Colburn ... was too clever to need a magazine; not a living publisher but would have to yield to him in the gentle art of puffing. (ib. 20/4, '17.)
(2) adverb and object clauses. These two kinds are here grouped together because a distinction is necessarily arbitrary and meaningless. The leading clause is always negative just as in the preceding case.
- Justice was never done but someone complained.
- Who knows but he may hear of it?
1511. When the negative noun that may be said to be defined by a but-clause is not the subject of the subordinate clause, the attributive character of the clause is so little marked that it may be interpreted as an adverb clause (a). The same can be said of attributive clauses when the noun is referred to by a personal pronoun as a subject of the clause (b).
a. Scarcely a week passes but the association is consulted by private landowners or by public authorities.
b. There was never a Samson so strong but he met his Delilah. (Hobbes, Emotions I ch. 4.)
1512. The subordinating character of but is sometimes emphasized by adding that; see 1492. It occurs:
(1) in the sense of except that; compare 1509, 2.
- Each would have done the same by the other but that they lacked the courage.
(2) in a sense very similar to that of 1511.
- He is not such a fool but that he can see that.
- I do not think it possible but that some will agree with me.
1513. A less frequent group-conjunction is but what.
- Not a mood of his but what found a ready sympathiser in Margaret; not a wish of his that she did not strive to forecast, and to fulfil. (Gaskell, North and South ch. 41 p. 364)
- Not a soul in the auditorium or on the stage but what lived consummately during these minutes. (Bennett, Leonora ch. 6.)
- Therefore we seldom took a walk together but what we were stoned by boys in the street. (Davies, Super-Tramp ch. 21 p. 181.)
Τ褦 but ¿ͤˡӤ丶ϤΤˡˤƤŪʸ̮ѤƤΤħŪȤ뤬̤ˤС̤ħФΤưפǤϤʤ
Kruisinga, E A Handbook of Present-Day English. 4 vols. Groningen, Noordhoff, 1909--11.

ǯī㡼ɶˤơѸˤΥֺ¤˰٤٤dz֤Ƥޤǯ٤ΥΥȥ˾äȤԻĤʱñǤ1˭ˤȴߤñ夲رѸ츻ŵʸҡˤ俷رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åʸҡˤʤɤʸȤʤ顤Ѹˤ̥Ϥޤ
726ڡˤβϡƴνȤʤޤǽ but ܤͽǤBUTbut ιֺ¤90ʬĤΤǤ礦ޤäۤޤbut ˤޤĤϡ90ʬǤϸ꤭ʤۤ˭ǤϤȥ꤬ʤۤɤǤ
but εȯã
but ¿͡ˡ³졤°³졤ֻ졤졤̾졤ư
"only" ̣ but ˡȯãᤰ
but θ
but
but ˤޤĤθѡʤ˴ؤ
but ħŤȤϲ
but ¾³Ȥ
but ֤פȤȤä礦ʤɡΤʤǤޤΤޤʵˡҰ˹ͤƤߤޤ
ַϡɶǤ̼֤˲ä饤֤ǽǤޤ2ָθƨۿ⤴ѤǤޤԹΤ褤ˡǻäйǤֺ¤ξܺ١ߤīΥڡɤͤΥȥꤪԤƤޤ
ʰʲ嵭2025/07/23(Wed)
ֺܹ¤ͽˤĤƤ heldio ˤ#1515. 726īֺ --- but ˤĤƹͤƤߤޤȤƤäƤޤҤ⤪İ
߷ ˧ͺԽ紴ˡرѸ츻ŵٿǡҡ2024ǯ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ
ε#5928. ¿ but ([2025-07-20-1]) ³but ꡥbut ˤϡ~ơפֻ̣줪³ˡ롥ֻǤи³ΤϾŪʤǤꡤ³ǤС줬ƳǤ˱Ƴʤꤵ롤ȤΤǤ롥ϤޤˤȤɤޤꡤɬ⸽¤λȿǤƤ櫓ǤϤʤ㤨СʸΤʤᤵƤʤǤ졤no one but me ⤢ no one but I ⤢롥ϲʤΤ
Jespersen "Preposition and Conjunction" ꤹܤҤ (§6.3) ʲˡεҤκǽʬ1Ѥ롥
6.31. A good deal of confusion arises from some words being both prepositions and conjunctions. A characteristic example is but; cf NED with examples, especially under the heads C. 3 and 4. It should, however, be noted that the confusion in the use of but is not, as said in NED, a consequence of the want of distinct case-endings in the nouns and the use of the obl. case instead of the nom. in other connexions. In my opinion, on the contrary, the existence of such two-sided words as but, etc, is one of the primary causes of mistakes of me for I or vice versa, and careless uses of the cases generally. Even in such a language as German, where the cases are generally kept neatly apart, we find such combinations as "niemand kommt mir entgegen ausser ein unverschämter" (Lessing); "wo ist ein gott ohne der herr" (Luther); "kein gott ist ohne ich," etc. See Pau, Principien4 372; In Danish similar examples abound (ingen uden jeg, etc).
If we use in one place the term preposition and in another conjunction in speaking of such words, the real meaning is that in one case the word concerned is definitely felt as part of the (main) sentence (no one but me),
ѸȾˤ褦ˡȺϡѸˤ̤̾ʶˤγʤζ̤Ūʤ褦ˤʤäȤ롥Jespersen ϤषդιͤƤƤ롥but ֻǤ⤢³Ǥ⤢Ȥ2Ū椨ˡŪʳʤκƱĹ줿ΤȤΤϤƷܤ褫褫
Jespersen, Otto. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Part 7. Syntax. 1954. London: Routledge, 2007.
but ϿñΤʤǤ⡤Ȥ櫓¿ʻǤ͡ˡ֤դ¿Ǥ롥رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å but ιܤȡޤƬ˼Τ褦ˤ롥
ܡˤĤǤʤСˡİʳˡĤƤϡˤۤ
رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤Ǥϳƹܤ˥åԡͿƤ뤬but դƤΤϡ֤֡פȡ֡İʳˡפפǤ롥
츻ȤƤϸűѸƬ be- utan "out" Ȥ߹碌ȹͤ졤about Ȥط롥űѸ줫餹Ǥ¿ͤʰ̣ˡŸƤꡤȯãνΤǤϤʤΤ褦ʤΤäȿ¬롥
ޤΩ鼨褦ˡʪŪˡ֡ʡĤΡ˳¦ˡפȤ̣졦ֻä줬ֻŪΰ˳ĥ֡İʳˡפȤ̣ǻȤ褦ˤʤäʢեˡޤֻˡˤơ̾Ǥʤ that ³褦ˤʤꡤ֡ĤȤ֡γ¦ǤϡĤǤʤСפȤ̣ɽ褦ˤʤäߺǤפ³ȤƤˡʡ֤סˤϡΡ֡ĤǤʤСפĥȯŸˡȹͤ롥ʤ, but ³ˡϸűѸǤǧ뤬Ѹ줫ȤˡǤ롥űѸǤ ac Ȥ줬Ūʵܤ³ä֤ۤΡפȤˡϡǶޤ ѸʹߤǧƤʤäȤ⤢ꡤnothing but ...ʡİʳβʪǤʤĤ˲ʤˤΤ褦ɽˤξάϤޤäȹͤƤǶϸűѸǤ⤳ˡǧƤ뤳Ȥ顤ɬ⤽Τ褦ȯãǤϤʤȹͤƤ롥
ȯãϩˤСѸǺǤ̤ˡǤ³Ρ֤פϡճȸ夫ȯãäȤˤʤ롥ۤñˤ⡤ǤϹԤʤˤƤ롥
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

ܤɽѻʹ The Japan Times λǤ The Japan Times Alpha J 711ˡΥӥ塼˴Ť̵ǺܤƤޤ"Getting to know the back story of the English language" --- ѸΡ֤դפɤ߲ıεءδ춵Ǥ
The Japan Times Alpha J ϡαѸؽԤɼԤȤꤷֽȯԤαѻʹǤºݤˤϱѸؤͤˤɤޤƤ褦Ǥ˥塼ʸŪޤǡؽԤΥ٥θѸǽƤꡤפʸäɽˤդƤΤħǤ
1ۤˡƱԽ餴Ϣ饤ǥӥ塼뵡˷äޤޤֱѸˤȤϤɤΤ褦ʳǤפȤŪ䤤Ϥޤꡤӥ奢ΥץեåʥƳˤäƤߡäȤ֤1֤ޤӥ塼ȤΤϡʹεѤ餦Ȥ礭ȴޤ
ǤäʸΥҸơ˶äޤ䤬ȤȤʤäĤ1֤ۤɤƤäۤɥѥȤˤޤȤ夲ƤΤǤΥȥ "Getting to know the back story of the English language" Ȥʤޤ
ǺܤˤꡤȴϢʼ̿2ƤۤȤΤ꤬ޤ1ϥץեΤˡthrough TġפƥݡäƤ̿Ȥޤ⤦1ϲhelʡѸ˳ưˤͻҤΤȹͤޤǻפĤΤǯ9˳Ť Voicy heldio ǤΡֱѸ˥饤2024פμ̿ǤΥ饤ǤϿ͵֤ϤƤθűѸפθϿԤʤäƤꡤκݤ˻ä̿褤ΤǤϤʤȹͤޤϽؤʾءˤȡ֤ޤˤפĿФ¢رءˤȤȤ˥ȥꥪۿǡ3ͤڤ˼ϿפǤ̿äΤǡ2ͤεĤǡμ̿뤳ȤˤʤäǤ2ͤȤ⤴꤬Ȥޤ
hel褬Τ褦ʷǥǥ˼夲ƤΤϡˤ꤬ȤǤεäˡͤǤ¿˱Ѹˤ˴ؿäƤйǤThe Japan Times Alpha J ɤܤǤ֥ȤǤεɤޤΤǡˬƤߤƤС
Υӥ塼ȵǺܤˤĤƤϡ716ʿˤ heldio #1508. The Japan Times Alpha J٤711̵ǺܤƤƤޤȤƤ⤪äƤޤΤǡ⤼Ҥİ
δ졡"Getting to know the back story of the English language" --- ѸΡ֤դפɤ߲ıεءδ춵סʥӥ塼ˡThe Japan Times Alpha J711桤12̡
[2025-07-15-1], [2025-07-16-1], [2025-07-17-1]³ƤꡥѸؼԤȽŪʬϤȤСޤǽ٤ Dobson Ǥ롥Ƥ could <l> ˤĤƤ٤λ䤤ƤäȵҤʤƤ롥Dobson (Vol. 2, §4) Ѥ롥
Could: the orthoepists record four main pronunciations, [kʌuld], [ku:ld], [kʊd], and [kʌd]. The l of the written form is due to the analogy of would and should, and it is clear that pronunciation was similarly affected. The transcriptions of Smith, Hart, Bullokar, Gil, and Robinson show only forms with [l], and Hodges gives a form with [l] beside one without it. Tonkis says that could is 'contracted' to cou'd, from which it would appear that the [l] was pronounced in more formal speech. Brown in his 'phonetically spelt' list writes coold beside cud) for could, and the 'homophone' lists from Hodges onwards put could by cool'd. Poole's rhymes show that he pronounced [l]. Tonkis gives the first evidence of the form without [l]; he is followed by Hodges, Wallis, Hunt, Cooper, and Brown. The evidence of other orthoepists is of uncertain significance.
Shakespearean ؼ2̾ˤηˤĤƻǤäΤcould /l/ ȯäȤˤ϶äƤ嵭 Dobson εҤˤȡѸΤˤϡष /l/ ζȯΤۤŪäȤǤ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥λȯμ֤γФΤҤȤޤ Dobson ۤʸŪƶ˰͵Ƥ
Dobson, E. J. English Pronunciation 1500--1700. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Oxford: OUP, 1968.
[2025-07-15-1], [2025-07-16-1]³Ƥꡥcould <l> /l/ Ȥȯ줿Ȥ뤫ȤäƤ롥Jespersen (§10.453) ˤȡѸˤȯ줿Ȥ뵭Ҥ롥Ūˤϡؼ Hart Gill ˡεҤȤ
10.453. /l/ has also been lost in a few generally weak-stressed verbal forms should, weak [ʃəd], now stressed [ˈʃud] would [wəd, ˈwud] . could [kəd, ˈkud]. The latter verb owes its l, which was pronounced in early ModE, to the other verbs. H 1569 [= Hart, Orthographie] has /kuld, ʃuld, (w)uld/, G 1621 [= A Gill, Logonomia] /ku-ld, shu-d, wu-d/.
夬礦 Shakespeare դʤΤǡCrystal Shakespeare ȯŵȤƤߤȡΤ褦 /l/ ¸ʤΤȤΤ2̤ȯµƤ롥
could / ~est v
=, kʊld / -st
ʣԸ桤ޤƱεҤˤƤȤȤǡʤȤ could <l> ȯ륱äȤǧƤ褤³ɤΤ褦ʥ쥸ȯ뤳Ȥ¿äΤʤɡ䤦٤ϻĤäƤ롥
Jespersen, Otto. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Part 1. Sounds and Spellings. 1954. London: Routledge, 2007.
Crystal, David. The Oxford Dictionary of Original Shakespearean Pronunciation. Oxford: OUP, 2016.
ε#5922. could <l> ȯ줿 --- رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤εҤᤰäơ ([2025-07-15-1]) ˰³could <l> ꡥCarney (249) ˤȡ <l> /l/ ȯ줿ȤϤʤǸƤ롥ǸǤ뤫顤εǼ OED Ū˼äƤΩȤϴ˰ۤʤ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥
<l> is an empty letter in the three function words could, should and would. In should and would the original /l/ of ME sholde, wolde was lost in early Modern English, and could, which never had an /l/, acquired its current spelling by analogy. So, this group of modals came to have a uniform spelling.
Ϥ̣ǡŪʡȤΤ⤷ʤwhich never had an /l/ Ȥ϶ζɽϡ餫κäƤΤȤʤΤǤ롥
doubt <b> ȯ줿Ȥϰ٤ʤȤɤФȤ⤤ʤतθƱͤˡ츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling) λǤϡɬФʺʤˡΤ褦ʶɽʤ뤳ȤΤ⤷ʤȤСפȤϡֿáפ˶ᤤ⤷ʤ
ʤߤˡѸֻˤ路Ƥ Scragg (58) Upward and Davidson (186) ˤäƤߤcould <l> ˤĤƤεҤϤ뤬ȯˤĤƤϿƤʤ
伫ȤͤˡŪפɽȤäƤΤΡϤǤäΤ⤷ʤʡȻפǤ롥
Carney, Edward. A Survey of English Spelling. Abingdon: Routledge, 1994.
Scragg, D. G. A History of English Spelling. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1974.
Upward, Christopher and George Davidson. The History of English Spelling. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.
رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åεҤˤĤơޤϥɥ֥å can/could ܤ˼Τ褦ˤޤ
can ȤϸűѸľˡ13;θñ can ͳ补3;ñ cuðe ǡ˴Ť coud(e) Τ褦 l ʤ⤫ʤ٤ޤǵϿƤ롥ɸȤʤäƤ could Ȥ֤ϡshould would Ȥˤ l äƤǤΤǡѸʹȤƤ롥츻ŪդΤʤ l ֤˲ä줿ΤΡȯˤϱƶͿʤä
Ԥ˻ŦˤȡOED can θ츻ˡΤ褦ʵҤȤΤȤǤ
Past tense forms with -l- . . . appear in the second half of the 15th cent. by analogy with should and would, prompted by an increasingly frequent loss of -l- in those words . . . . The -l- in could (as well as in should and would) is always recorded as pronounced by 16th-cent. orthoepists, reflecting the variant preferred in more formal use, and gradually disappears from pronunciation over the course of the 17th cent.
εҤ˽Сcould <l> would, should ˤ줿ˡʸ̤ /l/ ȤƤȯ줿ȤäȲǤޤĤޤꡤ줿 <l> ĤƤ⸽ɸѸΤ褦̵äȡʤۻ (silent_letter) äǤ뤳ȤϤǤʤΤǤϤʤȤȤǤ
ŪˤϡԤΤŦ̤ȹͤޤθ٤2ޤΤǡ˵ƤȻפޤ(1) ϱѸ˾λ´طᤰ(2) ϥϥɥ֥åεҤᤰǤ
(1) OED εҤԸȿǤƤȤǡcould <l> 16ˤɬȯƤΤȤؼԤˤ국ϿƤȤˤĤƤϡҤȤޤǧƤޤʸɬפǤˡȤƤ⡤ؼԤγơȯɤޤǡҤƤ뤫ˤĤ̩꤬ɬפȤʤޤؼԤ¿쾯ʤ쵬ϼԤǤ⤢äΤǡºݤȯ餫ˤƤΤ뤤Ϥ٤ȯ餫ˤƤΤȽǤޤ餯̤ could <l> /l/ ȯ줿¤ϤäͽۤޤʤΤ뤤ȤɤΤ褦ʾﲽǤäΤγǧĴɬפȤʤޤ
(2) ϥɥ֥åΡָ츻ŪդΤʤ l ϡάȯˤϱƶͿʤäפȤҤˤĤƤǤ could <l> ˴ؤŪʲѤΤȤäƤ褤ȻפޤŪʲˤϡԤ OED ȤƳǧ줿 (1) ŪʸäƤʤͽۤΤǡ줬ϥɥ֥åεҤˤȿǤƤʤȤΤ֤Ǥ礦ǤϡȯˤϱƶͿʤäפȤΤϥߥǥʤΤ⤷ޤǤεҤȯ˱ƶͿȤϡ˾٤ˤʤäפȤ̩ʰ̣˲᤹ΤǤϤʤַ̤ȤơɸѸȯΩ˱ƶͿ뤳ȤˤϤʤʤäפȤȤƤΰ̣ǤС̷ʤǤޤ
Ʊ츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling) ŵǤ doubt <b> ǹͤƤߤޤ礦˴ؤơ<b> ȯˤϱƶͿʤäפȵҤ뤳ȤǤ礦ޤŪʲѤΤǤСǤ̩ʲѤ褦ȻפСޤ doubt <b> ˾٤ȯ줿ȤʤΤɤΤɬפޤϡ <b> ϻ¾ȯ줿ȤϤʤƧǤϤޤ#1943. Holofernes --- 츻Ūֻ黿ԡ ([2014-08-22-1]) Ǥߤ褦 Shakespeare Ǥ <b> ȯƤˤơ <b> /b/ οȤƵƤ褤Τ¤ޤ/b/ ¸߾ϤʤǤԺ߾ñǤϤޤ
Τ褦˸̩˵Ϥȡθ츻ŪֻλˤƤ⡤줿ʸȯˤϱƶͿʤäפɽ뤳ȤԲǽˤʤꤽǤǤСɽƤۤ褤뤤̤ΤɽѤ٤Ȥͤ⤢ޤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤Υ٥ܤˤơΤˡ㤨Сַ̤ȤơɸѸȯΩ˱ƶͿ뤳ȤˤϤʤʤäפȤҤ㤴Ȥ˷֤Τ⤯ɤޤפʤΤϡǵƤݤʣƤȤȻפޤ
ʾ塤ͤƤȤҤ٤ޤҤñ㲽ΥХ뤳ȤϾ˽פǤХηФϡȤʤäƤΤɤΤ褦ʤܤʤΤ˰¸ΤǤꡤ˱ƵҤƤ뤫ɤɾ٤ΤȹͤƤޤδ顤ɾϤǤ礦
ˤ衤(1) ˤĤƲʳɬפ뤳Ȥˤϰ㤤ޤΤǡԤΤŦ˴դޤ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ
Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)#1501. ּεפ̣臘űѸʸ --- Helvillian 7ǺܡϽؤˤտȤεǤޤϲ hellog ȤƤҲ𤷤ʤФʤʤȻפɮäƤޤhellog/heldio ǤϤäꤪߤǡԤ줿رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ǤܶϼԤȤ¿ʹƤäؤϽä٤ƥĤˤƤޤ
Helvillian ϡheldio ꥹʡ֤ͭˤäĤƤ륦֥ޥǡ628˺ǿȤʤ7椬Ƥޤʡ#5911. ַ Helvillian 7椬ޤ ([2025-07-03-1]) ȡˡýϡָűѸϤ⤦פȤѸ˥եˤϼ¤̥ŪʤǤýˤꡤԽűѸ츦Ȥ뾮ϤΩƤΤϡΤȤäޤơδԤ˾Ϥ120%ƤޤƤ줿ּε̣臘űѸʸΡפϡޤȤμˤ밵ΥƥĤǤ
εϡǤǤͭ̾ʵʸǤ Lord's Prayer ּεפȤƤޤñ˸űѸҲ𤷡ʸˡŪʲܤȤäŪƤˤȤɤޤΤǤϤޤűѸɽ2ͤΰʻʸȡÆlfric Wulfstan ĤּεפΥðǰӤξԤʸΡҤƤϻۤΰ㤤ޤǤ䤫դФȤˤŪĥͤȤʤäƤޤ줳ѸˤѸʸؤθΥƥĤǤ
Ælfric Wulfstan ϡƱ˳ʤ⡤ʸΤоŪǤÆlfric ϡȤСֶŪפʸϤդȤƤޤϤܤƤ Wulfstan ϡƬ (alliteration) Ʊȿ¿Ѥߤ褦ʥꥺİδľʤ롤ǮŪⶵΤƤޤϤεϡ2ͤʸΤκּۤεפȤû귿ʸˤ˿ǻȿǤƤ뤫Ū˲Ƥˤޤä Wulfstan ΥƥȤˤߤˡ䶯ĴɽʬϤϡϤθοĺǤꡤɤǤŪʶʳؤޤ
εΤ˶ä٤ŦȻפޤι⤵ˤ⤫餺ŰƬŰ heldio ꥹʡ濴ȤѸˤγؽԤɼԤȤƶռʿפʬ䤹դǽƤǤƳȤܸѸ⤭ߤʹɼԤűѸؤͶäƤޤ桤űѸLINE˸ڤ褦ͷӿ˺Ƥޤ
嵭 heldio ۿǤϡ90ʬ180ʬعֵɤŨͤפȽҤ٤ޤ褷ƸĥǤϤޤۤɤμι⤤ƥĤïǤ⥢ǤǸƤȤΤϡ˾ιȤäƤ褤ǤïƤʤ⤷ޤ˿ʤȤǤ
Helvillian ϻ䤬ľܴؤäƤ륦֥ޥǤϤޤݤ˻Ʊ礷Ƥ뻨Ǥΰ̣ǡϤ Helvillian ؤκΤƤ˴פޤ꤬Ȥޤ

#5912. heldio 2025ǯ2ȾΥ٥Ȳꥹʡɼ --- 710ޤǥץ ([2025-07-04-1]) Ǥ⤷Ȥꡤǯ2Ⱦ4--6ˤˤ Voicy heldio Υ٥ۿꥹʡɼ110ɼޤǡˤ»ܤޤ710äɼڤޤ29̾ΥꥹʡγꤴɼޤϤ꤬Ȥޤ
ɼޤȤޤΤܵˤ𤤤ޤ heldio Ǥ#1505. heldio 2025ǯ2ȾΥꥹʡɼηȯɽȤ𤷤ƤΤǡҤİ
ϡ̥̤ꤹ̤Ȥʤޤʲ˾17̤ޤǤη21ۿǺܤޤ̤ܵΥHTMLˡ
1. #1437. ԤȸرѸȤɤκ (1) --- ļ̦Ȥ̡ (59%)
2. #1411. Ԥȸإ˥åܡ (1) --- ··Ȥ̡ (45%)
3. #1444. ԤȸرѸȤɤκ (2) --- ļ̦Ȥ̡ (34%)
3. #1454. ļ̦Ȥä˥֤ (34%)
3. #1469. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤@ԡ (34%)
3. #1474. إ饸Ρ֥륷ʸˡפǴطˡˡˤʤäƤޤ (34%)
7. #1452. ԤȸرѸȤɤκ (3) --- ļ̦Ȥ̡ (31%)
8. #1466. Ȥϲ (28%)
9. #1424. Ԥȸإ˥åܡ (3) --- ··Ȥ̡ (24%)
9. #1439. Ѹ˴ؤѤʵ䡡ܥΥå --- GW with Ͻؤ (24%)
9. #1492. ڹιݳزȯɽ (24%)
12. #1417. Ԥȸإ˥åܡ (2) --- ··Ȥ̡ (21%)
12. #1418. ֤إ饸פΥå1900ɤ --- right ϤʤֱפָפɽΤ (21%)
12. #1451. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åͽ⥢ --- 7궦Ԥۿ (21%)
12. #1476. Caxton ɤ˽ΰߤǯ (21%)
12. #1482. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٥եȥԿ3ŹᤰƤޤ --- 4ͤδ (21%)
17. #1405. ˤʤäƤҲ --- ꥹʡ÷ (17%)
17. #1413. ʤűѸθ絬§ϴˤäΤǯٽۿΥˡ (17%)
17. #1445. ƥȱѸδطȤϡ --- ƥ줵إƥǤ狼ñ١ʥѥॺǡ2025ǯˡ (17%)
17. #1486. 䤤å䤬 --- ʸҡArgumentٽղƹδƬåѤʵˡѸˡפ (17%)
17. #1490. ֱѸˤɤ߲줫αѸȤθ礤 --- ANAؤƤա179 (17%)
1̡ɼΨ59%ˤ˵Τϡ#1437. ԤȸرѸȤɤκ (1) --- ļ̦Ȥ̡Ǥؤļ̦ޤرѸȤɤκʴȽŹ2016ǯˤˤĤƤäǤä3νǤɤˤѸȥɸᤰʣʸˤĤơԤȤƤλƸäƤ¿ΥꥹʡŪɷ㤷褦Ǥ23ƥ֤β⤽줾3̡7̤ȹ̤˥Ƥꡤ̥ΤܤƤޤ
2̡ɼΨ45%ˤϡ#1411. Ԥȸإ˥åܡ (1) --- ··Ȥ̡ǤȾΥǤϢۿ͵֥˥åܡ (voynich) ȤߥƥꥢʥơޤǡȤǤ·ˤ¿ܤ̥ϤȸκˤĤƸäƤ̥νǤ³Ԥ9̡12̤͵Ȥʤޤ
3̡ɼΨ34%ˤˤϡ4Ĥۿ¤ӤޤȤΥ̥2ľΥ֤β˲äơ#1469. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤@ԡ#1474. إ饸Ρ֥륷ʸˡפǴطˡˡˤʤäƤޤǤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥åϢǤϡԤǤ̤ٻޤޤإ饸Ǽ夲줿ʸˡܤѸŪ˿ꤹ⡤³ɾΤ褦Ǥ
8̤ˤϱѸˤκ˴ؤ #1466. Ȥϲ9̤ˤִ #1439. Ѹ˴ؤѤʵ䡡ܥΥå --- GW with Ͻؤޤ12̰ʲˤ⡤رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤δԤ˹碌͡ʴ䡤Caxton ȰѤȤäѸˤνץȥԥåꥹʡ÷衤¾ǥΤǤȯξҲʤɡ¿̤ۿ¤Ӥޤ
ΤȤơο͵ϡ̺פפ褷Ƥޤ̥ŪʥȤޤ褬Ūʻٻޤäơ6ΡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥åٴԤȤ祤٥ȤγưγˤȤʤꡤϢۿꥹʡδؿĤȤǤȤȤ̡ʤǤϤδ衤֤ο͵ХɤȾǤ
ɼˤäꥹʡγˤ꤬ȤޤΥեɥХåϡ heldio ۿ礭ߤȤʤޤ줫Ѹˤ̥ϤȳؤӤγڤϤǤ褦ؤƤޤ嵭η̤ͤˡޤİǤʤۿޤ顤Ҥİ褯
2025ǯ629ˤ helwa ̾ŲղŤޤͻҤݤȤƽαƤȻפޤƱʸϤ note ˤ夲Ƥꡤˤϼ̿ʤɤǺܤƤޤΤǡؿΤϤˬ䤯
1. helwa ̾Ųղǻ̩ʰ
ˤϡ2025ǯ629ˤ˳Ť줿 helwa ̾Ųղζʳ餺Ǯ̤ˤϤȤפǥݤޤʤˡǻ̩ʰνϿȤƻĤƤȻפޤ
ΥݡȤ̤ơääˤϡ֤ʤȤäפȳڤƤӳФޤäˡƻǰʤ麣ϻäǤʤäˤϡǮ¤䤫ʷϵǤθƤСۤɴȤϤޤ
ʤܵ73 helwa ۿ줿֡ڱѸˤ #311̾ŲղơƤ˴ŤΤǤ뤳ȤƤޤ
2. ϤޤΡֶѸ춨פ
Υղ¸ľܤΤäϡ628ڡˤ̾ŲؤǶѸ춨γزŤ줿ȤǤ°Ƥ뤳γزؤλäᤤʳƤꡤǯ٤äƶŪʻŻͽ꤬ƤȤǡ֤ϴְ㤤ʤԤ롪פȳο̾Ųǥղޤ礦פ helwa γˤƤޤ
ȡ϶ƤäΤ߽̾ŲпȤ Lilimi Ǥ̾ŲǥղʤפȰǤäƤꡤθ̤ꡤ褬ܳʲȶäۤɤΥԡɴ͡ʼۤʤƤޤΤ뵤ȼ¹ϤˤϡĤʤƤޤ
Lilimi 濴ˡ̾Ų߽ΥإᥤȤγȤϢȤƲΤŹӤʤɤʤƤޤޤ̾Ųϴ줫⥢䤹פȤϤ褫ƹääȤǽŪ˻ޤ10̾ۤɤ齸ޤ롤¿̤ʴ֤βȤʤޤ
3. 볫˷ƤޤΡ
ղīο̾ŲꤷѸ춨˻äޤ֥եե֤֡פȤزʢˤǤӥեե֤ˤ⡤åι֤ˤʤʤʤʤܳرؤڹʤɤޤơ heldio ̼ϿˤǤޤ
زκƲ礤夬ꡤ23ؤή졤ǽŪڤ콤ؤεȤȤ3ͤǡ̾ŲǰޤˤʤäΤϡʤī5ʥե֡ˤǤղˤ⤫餺20κäΤ褦̵ƤޤäΤǤʸϤޤˡ
ɤ˵äΤī5Ⱦ6 heldio ۿΤޤǥȥϿΤǤʤϤΧޤ̤®٤ä夬ưʤ֤ǡκȤ̾1/2®äȤǡʤȤϿޤ
θ塤ϿԤƥ٥åɤݤߡ3ּο̲ȤäΤǤܤФƤκȤ˼ּꡤŤ helwa ղν֤Ǥ10äƤޤƤƲظäΤΡ̾Ųؤιϲ»ҤˤʤäƤޤ30ʬٹġּżԤʤΤפο͡פȤδ˷ޤ졤ʿդꤹ뤷ޤǤξڤơƤͤӿ夲ޤ
4. Ǯղ
4.1 ڥȤȥǥϿ
ʻޤƤ줿ȼʾҲʤɤƤȡ˶äοʪǤϤޤʤȡ5ޤǰǤڤäƲǺ¤äƤΤǤ9˽ɤɤФ줿פȤΤȤǤθˤޤ
ڤϤԵǷܤصͽäᡤϤޤ413εԥղκƸȯڱͤޤäǡޤ heldio ܼϿޤ heldio ۿ줿#1495. do ԻĤȤ˿Ҥͤ --- ̾Ųղڹоϡޤ줿ΤǤ
4.2 Ź뻡ȡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٥եȥ
ڤ줿塤뤴ӤĴãˡ̾ŲؤΥǥϲ㤤Фĥ˽Фޤεƻǡ֤äפȥƲŹΩꡤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤֤Ƥ뤫ɤλ뻡ԤȤˤʤޤ
ؽêظȡޤ⡤ê˺äƤΤǤϤʤɽ椬äȸΩƤƤΤǤδȯ˳ǴӡŹ˵ĤƵǰƤ뤳ȤˡإʡǮʤҤäꡤ10ʬۤɳǤΩΤԤĤȤ⡥褦䤯䤬ܤؤƤ뤪ޤΥݡǼ̿뤳ȤǤϡ֥եȥפȤ SNS ˤƤޤȰˤθǤΤϡɤפФǤ
̾ŲƲŹˤ
4.3 Ȥȸ餦Ǯۿ
äƤƤȡγزǻ̳ɤȤ˻äؤ¼ϺˤƹήƤޤ¼ϵԤαѸ˸ԡΤޤȤʤƨޤȡ® heldio ̼ϿꤤޤơޤϡľγФȴγСסŪǤʤ⡤ָƤߤгΤפŪǡϿ⻲üԤƤεĹ³ޤ71 heldio #1493. γư칽ʸγФľˤĤ --- ̾Ųղ¼Ϻ̡ȤۿޤΤǡҤİ?
ղǤϡüͤҤȤȤβäƤߤơŤмϿ֤ʤʤäƤޤȤ֥ղ뤢פȯǤ֤ϤۿϤꤿפȤȤǡ3䤬ȾжˡthatפȤƤheldio ۿԤޤΥ#1500. that --- ̾ŲղۿȤƤİޤ
³ helwa ۿϿκǸˤϡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ζԤǤ밦ζؤξδ⥮ꥮǶĤƤꡤ˾줬夬ޤͻҤϡ֡ڱѸˤ #309̾Ųղ helwa ۿԡˡ֡ڱѸˤ #310̾Ųղ helwa ۿʸԡˡ2ˤ錄äۿޤ
5. ǹΥեʡ졧ʤʤȿԤʤ餤
17˥ղԤϽλűƤȡLilimi ־ΥġåȤǡϥɥ֥åҲΥ硼ưޤפȤ餷ơ̵㿶ꡩˤƻƤ줿ưϡͤȤνΥġåưȤʤꡤ³ƤޤʾСˡʲYouTube ǤΡ֡رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤͡ĤҲפɤ
ơ褤褪ԤͤκƲءLilimi ͽƤäŹǤΤϡǾߤХäƤޤۤɤ餷ʤΥե륳ǤҤĤޤ֤ᥤˡƤ٤ʤɤȱФ졤ޤ˻ʡΤҤȤȤǤ
ɤʤǤŨʤǹΥѥϡļǸ蘆줿ȤǤäǤƤäꤪäǤ夵䡤ȡǾʨƤ줿 Ko ظűѸ졦Ѹ٤ǸűѸؤӻϤƤ뤷ƾɹϸθȡ黲ä줿̵줫黲ä줿ΤϡLilimi ykagata ƶѸ춨ˤʤ줿¼ϺȻ߷ǤƲǤϡХå饦ɤΰۤʤ볧̥Ϥȯޤ̾ŲĥΥԡϡְ㤤ʤλ֤ǤäФˡͳ˸礨ηиϡλפФǤ
6. Τʤв˴դ
β̤ƲƿΤϡhelwa ȤץåȥեबʤавȤʤä褦ȤηҤºǤѸʻˡˤȤˤ䤫ʶ̹ϤĤĤ⡤üԤγ̣оݤϼ¤͡¿ͤʿ͡˽ߤä˾Фɷ롥βȿղ̣ʤΤȺǧޤνвϡˤȤäƤϡֵŤθפȤɽǤꤺΤʤֺפǤ
⤿ʤ̤λ֤ϤäȤ֤ˤäƤޤäδ졦ȤϿλ֤äƤꡤ֤ͤ30ʬפȰα褦ȤΤڤäơ̾ĤˤߤʤȤʤޤ
ä͡˳ڤɷŪʻ֤꤬ȤޤơĤۿİƱ礷Ƥꥹʡγˤ⡤鴶տ夲ޤ줫⡤ľܤǤ뵡⳰鷺äƤȻפäƤޤhelwa ˤ⡤helwa ղˤ⡤ɤڤˤä
79ʿˤ19:00ꡤƱνΰʼȱĤƤ YouTube ֤Τۤإͥˤơ350ǰΥ饤ۿϤޤ¿˥饤Ǥİޤ괶տ夲ޤۿȤƤİǤޤ֤Τۤإͥ350ǰ饤֡ꡤҤİ60ʬۤɤۿǤˡ
ͥ볫Ϥ3ǯȾ塤ʤ褯³ƤΤȴäƤޤ1ǯۤεǰۿ夲#5562. YouTube ֤Τۤͥפ250ǰȤƥ饤ۿԤʤޤ ([2024-07-19-1]) ΤȤפФޤۿѤ߾夲ƤȡΤ褦Ĺ³ΤȴҤȤǤ
Υ饤ۿľΤȤǤ餷ߥǥͥϿԿ15,000ͤۤޤ³Ū˻İƤƤ볧˴տ夲ޤ
饤Ǥϡ˺ǶγưˤĤƤ𤷤ޤȤ櫓618˴Ԥ줿رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åʸҡˤȯ2֤ǽǡ3֤ǸڤȤʤäˤĤޤƤϡ˾δӤǤҤȤ˱礷ƤƤ볧ΤǤϢơ629ˤۿΤۤ#349. Ĥ˽ФޤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å by ߷ͧɹδϻİ礭ӤƤꡤ7,916λİȤʤäƤޤ
ۤˤϡᤤ֤ΤۤܡפνǤͽꤵƤ뤳ȡޤǤ2ͤäΤʤ鿷ʴβ꤬ĤĤ뤳Ȥʤɤäޤ
50100ܤȤˡΤ褦ʥ饤ۿԤʤȸήƤФȴäƤޤ³֤ΤۤإͥפäƤޤȹǤؤδ֤ˡ

618ʿˤ˸Ҥ괩Ԥ줿 رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åˡؤʤɾƤޤǤꤷȤε#5914. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ȯ2֤ǽǷꡪ ([2025-07-06-1]) ǤΤ餻̤Ǥθ塤ǼҾˤޤȡĤǸڤȤʤäȤΤȤǤȯ3֤ˤڤȤϡ
ǽޤǿ֤δֳ֤ΤǤޤ߸ˤƤŹϤޤΤǡҤõФȻפޤطԤǼΥեȥ³ƤޤϻƲոŹϴοŹ˻伫Ȥˬ졤ܽ¸ߤǧƤޤ
ԿرĤȤƴĤȤϤޤˤΤȤǤܽǮ˿䤷ƤäƤ볧hel֤γܽ˼äƤä٤ƤɼԤγˡ괶տ夲ޤǮդ䤿ͽۤڤ˾륹ԡɤܽƤäƤ뤳Ȥ´Ƥޤˤ꤬Ȥޤ
ơܽ˼ˤʤäΥߥ餳̥Ϥ꿼̣äƤ乥εѰդƤޤ褿719ڡˤ15:30--17:00ī㡼ɶˤơ3̾ǽǵǰŤ̥٥ֿ٤رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åŰɽѡŤޤ
Ť̤ǤϡԤ߷ͧΩءˡɹʰζءˤȻ䡤δ3ͤޤꡤϥɥ֥å¤˳Ѥ뤿ΥĤ濴ˤäޤ֡饤֤ΤǽǤܺ٤䤴äˤĤƤHPޤhellog Ǥ#5885. 719ڡˡֿ٤رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åŰɽѡǵǰŤ̡פī㡼ɶˤƳš ([2025-06-07-1]) ȤƱֺ¤ˤĤƤҲ𤷤Ƥޤ
رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ι̤ơֱѸˤδ֤ˡפȤɸ˸Ƥ礭ʰƧ߽ФƤΤǤϤʤȴƤޤʬν夬ԤĤġޤϾ嵭٥ȤǤǤ뤳ȤڤߤˤƤޤ³α硤ʤˤȤꤤޤ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

77μͼkhelfʷѸ˥եˤˤرѸ˿ʹ٥12椬־ǸޤPDFǼͳ˱ɤǤޤ
顤ͼᡤɮؤԽؤϤƽʤƤޤˤäƸϤ꤮ޤǺǽĴɤƤޤǤä̤ˤĤƤϡɤ¿̤ΥƥĤܤǤ衤ɮԽȺ˴ؤä٤Ƥ khelf СˡޤϫȴդθդҤ٤Ȼפޤ褯ĥäƤޤ꤬Ȥޤ
ơ4̹ȤʤäƤޤɤΤ褦ʵǺܤƤ뤫Ū˾Ҳ𤷤Ƥޤ礦ޤ1̤ϡͼθ˹碌ʤ츻ᤰפꤹޥåʴƬǤɮԤϡܥ֥ heldio Ǥ츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling) ˴ؤ븦ǤߤΡkhelf ߷Ǥɧʤ路¤Υ륿ˤȿɱʤȺ¤Υ٥ˤˤʤߡ2Ĥ¤ˤޤĤñˤɤޤ֤Ⱥ¡ (Lyra) ˴ؤƤϡlyre ֤꤬Ѹ lire 顤츻Υꥷ˶Ť뤿16 y Ѥѹ줿Ȥ츻ŪֻμˤƤꡤɮԤμ褫줿ȤʤäƤޤ
³2̤εϡwh Ϥޤط̾ˡפǤϳ4ǯ Y. T. ˤܳŪʱѸ˥ƥĤǤ䤿Τ褦˻ȤäƤ who which ϡűѸλˤϡïס֤ɤפ̣뵿ǤޤǤط̾ȤƤϻؼͳ褹 that ʤɤѤƤޤѸʹߡwhich ڤ wh 줬ط̾ˡƤޤwho ˤĤƤϡط̾Ȥ夹Τϰճˤ17äƤȡŪ٤ΤǤβϴˤϡShakespeare κʤǡͤԻˤȤ which Ūʸ̮ѤƤޤط̾ᤰˤˤϡñʤʸˡ§ѲˤȤɤޤʤҲŪ˥ʥߥåѲβؤäƤΤǤ
3̤ξˤߤΤϡֱѸ˥饦 by khelfפϢܥʡǤϡĻرؤλ߷ؤΥӥ塼θԤϤޤɮԤ khelf ĹڵǤ߷Ρֿ䤷ܡפȤơʸͺرѸȯãˡ٤ H. Bradley رѸȯãˡ٤ʤɡѸ˸ˤŵŪ̾ʣҲ𤵤ޤޤѸˤؤ̥ϤˤĤơפǽ餺֤ʤפ䤤³뤳Ȥν⤫ƤꡤԤ֤ˤä˼٤ƤȤʤäƤޤ
ơ3̤βǤϡ2̤ǤäȽꤵƤֱѸ˥ BASICפȾܤɤळȤǤޤѸθäˤѸγ˴ؤ륯Ǥ䤤⡤ҵɤƤСɮԤϡرξĹʿǤ
Ǹ4̤ˤϡرɥij̴ˤܳŪʱѸˤεNot ΡֶĴ!?~Jespersen's Cycle ȡָԡפȤƤθ~פǺܤƤޤϡѸʸȯã "Jespersen's Cycle" ˴ؤͤǤǾҲ𤵤꼭μ岽ĴɲâĴ꼭פȤϥեɥĸǤ⸫븽ݤǤǤϤˡ奢ꥫѸΥ squat (: Claudia saw squat.) λ夲Υ뤬塤̤ؤ³ƤǽƤޤ
Τ褦ˡ⤹٤Ƥε khelf СǮդõ濴η뾽ǤѸˤ椹ܵǺ夲رѸ˿ʹ12ҤäȤɤߤйǤ
Ǹˡhellog ɼԤγ1ޤ⤷عμȤʤɤθŪʵʤ뤤ϡ¾νऺ뵡ˤˤơرѸ˿ʹ٤ѤˤϡҾ嵭 heldio ۿΥꡤ뤤Υե̤ƤޤȹǤkhelf γưӤȤʤۤԽѰˤȤäƤߤȤʤޤΤǡϤΤۤɤꤤޤϤع̾Ŀ̾ʤɤξˤĤޤƤϡkhelf μİŪΤߤ˸¤ꡤԤεĤʤ̤˸ʤɤι٤ϰڹԤʤʤݡޤեɥХå̤khelf ˤֱѸˤδ֤ˡפαѸ˳ưhelˤؤλƱޤȹǤ
ǸˡرѸ˿ʹ٤ΥХåʥСʹ泰ޤˤҲ𤷤Ƥޤ碌Ƥɤkhelf HP ΥڡˤХåʥСޤˡ
رѸ˿ʹ1ϴ2022ǯ41
رѸ˿ʹٹ泰12022ǯ410
رѸ˿ʹ22022ǯ711
رѸ˿ʹٹ泰22022ǯ718
رѸ˿ʹ32022ǯ103
رѸ˿ʹ42023ǯ111
رѸ˿ʹ52023ǯ410
رѸ˿ʹ62023ǯ814
رѸ˿ʹ72023ǯ1030
رѸ˿ʹ82024ǯ34
رѸ˿ʹ92024ǯ512
رѸ˿ʹ102024ǯ98
رѸ˿ʹٹ泰32024ǯ98
رѸ˿ʹ112024ǯ1230
21פΤȤѸDzȤ twenty-one Ǥ롥ŪˤϰۤʤɽˡäŪˤ one and twenty ̤äȤ twenty and one ⤢äʣϡ1ΰ̤10ΰ̤οΤɤ֤Τ³ and ѤΤȤäõȡɤưƤˤ뤳Ȥ狼롥ȶʣ椷Ƥرꡤ⤳ˤϥƥʤĥäƤΤڤ˭٤ˤʤȤݤäƤ롥
2ʣˤĤơJespersen (§§17.14--6) ˾ѲѰۤѤƤ롥ͻϤȤơѤƤ
17.14. In additions of 'tens' and 'ones' this 'one' now generally follows the 'ten' (twenty-one), but originally it always preceded it: one-and-twenty, a word-order which is still used except in numerals above 50.
The only examples I have noticed of the latter word-order in numerals above 50 are the following: Sheridan 197 she's six-and-fifty if she's an hour | Coleridge 452 in Köhln . . . I counted two and seventy stenches | Wells TB 163 Fifty-three days I had outward . . . three and fifty days of life cooped up | Walpole ST 285 never in all his five-and-fifty years.
17.15. We may find both types of word-order in close proximity: Sh H5 1.2.57 Untill foure hundred one and twentie yeeres . . . ib 61 Foure hundred twentie six | Defoe R 330 eight and twenty years . . . thirty and five years | Thack E 1.147 accepted the Thirty-nine Articles with all his heart, and would have signed and sworn to other nine-and-thirty with an entire obedience | Kipling PT 43 She was two-and-twenty, and he was thirty-three | Caine M 131 you are still so young. Let me see, is it eight-and-twenty? --- Twenty-six, said Philip | Jerome T 37 P. was forty-seven ... W. was three-and-twenty | Wells N 142 He was six and twenty, and I twenty-two | ib 199 I grew ... between three and twenty and twenty-seven.
Mr. Walt Arneson states: "Used in U.S. only occasionally, for stylistic effect or facetiously."
17.16. Compounds of two numerals denoting a number below one hundred have and between the two members if the small numeral precedes: one-and-twenty. If it follows the higher numeral, there is generally no connecting word: twenty-one. Especially in early authors we may find the type twenty-and-two, e.g. Malory 101 xx & viij knyghtes | AV Luke 15.7 ninety and nine iust persons | Swift P 132 there are thirty-and-two good bits in a shoulder of veal | Fielding T 1.17 | Goldsm 645 | Carlyle S 16 | Bennett A 50.
If two neighbouring numerals are to be used, the type with the small number first is commonest, as in this case the higher numeral need not be repeated: Thack E 2.150 though now five or six and forty years | Locke CA 315 Between Nadia and him there was but a separation of two or three years; between Nadia and myself two or three and twenty | Crofts Cask 220 a girl of perhaps two or three-and-twenty.
ǤɽȤѤ one-and-twenty 50ʾοˤĤƤϡ줬ʤȤΤԲĻĤǤ롥ޤƱʸ̮ǰۤʤѥʣ줬ȤΤ϶̣ǤʤˤؤäƤꡤΰ֤ŤˤĤƤͻͤ롥
Jespersen, Otto. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Part 7. Syntax. 1954. London: Routledge, 2007.
621ڡˤˡǯ٤ī㡼Υֺ˾äȤԻĤʱñ3Ȥơautumn --- ³ƤפɶˤƳ֤ޤVoicy heldio ˤ#1478. 621īֺ¤Ǥϵܤޤ --- ȯľΡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤Ϥͽ𤷤̤Ǥ
3ֺ¤Ƥ markmap Ȥ֥ġˤޥɥޥåײޤѤˤȤС

ʤīֺ¤Υ12ˤĤƤޥɥޥåפƤޤ#5857. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤1she --- 츻䤨ʤ̾פޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-05-10-1]) ӡ#5887. 2025ǯ٤ī륷ֺ¤2through --- ޤ¿ֻͤĸפޥɥޥåײƤߤޤ ([2025-06-09-1]) ε
4ϡ726ڡˤˡbut --- Ĥ¿³פꤷƳ֤ޤؿΤϡī㡼ɶθHPܺ٤ǧξ塤ߤС

618ʿˤ˴Ԥ줿رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åʸҡˡؤɾƤޤȯ Amazon ǡֱѸˤ1̤ϿƤޤȯ4ˤϵԢŹŹθν夲1̤ޤơȯ2֤ǡǤꤷƤޤ嵭ֽǷץݥϵ khelf ƣʿƤޤʤ꤬Ȥޤˡ
ȯܽ䤷ƤѸʻˡˤ˿ؿγkhelf helwa ΥС濴Ȥhel֤γسطԤǴطԤγˤ꤬ȤޤҤȤ˳αΤǤԿرĤޤޤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ưŸƤޤΤǡ³ϤΤۤɤꤤޤ
ǷΤȤˤʤޤ1Ԥɹʰζءˤ̾ŲDzhelwa С¥졤ܽPVȤʤ륷硼ưޤ֡رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤͡ĤҲ1ʬ21áˤ
2֤ۤɡԿرĤ helwa СϤȤhel֤νŹˤܽ¸ߤǧ𤷤֥եȥ״ŸǤcf. #5901. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٥եȥԿ3ŹᤰƤޤ --- 4ͤδ ([2025-07-04-1])ˡǷʥȤơ轵եȥ¾ˡǡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ƤȻפޤܤ̤ܻؤƤΤϡֱѸˤδ֤ˡפǤɤ³Τۤɤꤤޤ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ
ѲΤʤǤⲻѲ뤳ȤϤȤ櫓ؤˤˤơֲѲפʤΤϤˤϤΤޤǼ夤ˤȤɤޤ롥ʤ첻ѲΤ벻ѲäȤơʤϤΤȤ˵äΤѲϤΤȤ˵ΤȤ̵˵Τ饭꤬ʤΤ˲褷ƤʤȤäƤ褤
زˡ٤路ϡƬ˶ᤤ1.2 ѲפκǽˡΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥
19ʹߤλŪؤȯãȤȤˡ֤ʤѲ뤫װϲפȤ꤬ŪؤˤȤäƽפʴؿ1ĤȤʤäȾεҸءȾѷθܤޤȯŸȤȤ˿ѲƤƤѲϵŪˤϰλ˵ѲΤ餯ʣľŪˤͽΤ뤳Ȥˤ뤬ޤǤθϼȤƸѲؤθȤ夤ȤäƤ롥ʤѲװŪҲŪŪŪװ˵ᡤʸ̮¸ѲˤĤʸ̮θ椬ʸ̮ͳѲˤĤƤϳŪŪװθ椬ԤʤƤ
زˡ٤줿Τ1985ǯ줫40ǯФäǤ⡤ҤξܼŪѤäƤʤѸˤβѲγˤƤ⡤͡ʹͤƤƤΤΡּȤƸѲؤθȤ夤ȤäƤѤ꤬ʤ
丫ǤϡѲΤʤǤ⡤Ȥ櫓ѲϺǸޤΤޤޤ˻Ĥ륿פʤΤǤϤʤ餳ĤΤ롥
סزˡ١Ѹ11罤۽Ź1985ǯ
heldio 2025ǯ2ȾΥ٥Ȳꥹʡɼ2025ǯ74ʶˤ710ڡ 23:59 ޤɼʡˤƼդƤޤʤ뤤ϰʲQRɤɤˡҳΥޥ٥10Ǥ

3˰٤ιȤʤäƤޤܥ֥βǡǤȤ٤īۿ Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)ꡤǯ2ȾˤϤƤۿ91ˤΤʤ٥Ȳꥹʡɼ٥ȤŤƤޤ110ɼޤɼǤޤɼ710ڡ23:59 ޤǥץƤޤεİƨۿİ褤äǤФȻפޤ
ۿؤΥϡܵΰ뤤ƥİɤ41ۿ#1402. Helvillian 4椬 (2025/04/01) 630ۿ#1492. ڹιݳزȯɽ (2025/06/30) ޤǤ91ʬɼоݤȤʤޤ
ΥꥹʡɼˤĤƤϡranking ε
īƱɼƤӤ#1496. heldio 2025ǯ2ȾΥ٥Ȳꥹʡɼ --- 710ޤǥץ Voicy ۿޤ碌Ƥİ
#1402. Helvillian 4椬 (2025/04/01)
#1403. 夵ΡֱѸΤʤ5ʬǡפäƤޤ̿ --- 15ơ (2025/04/02)
#1404. heldio 2025ǯ1ȾΥ٥Ȳꥹʡɼ --- 410ޤǥץ (2025/04/03)
#1405. ˤʤäƤҲ --- ꥹʡ÷ (2025/04/04)
#1406. ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤ (61-2) Effects of Christianity on English Civilization (2025/04/05)
#1407. ֤ --- ꡦ˹ݲղ;ȤȤˡ (2025/04/06)
#1408. ˹ݲǡֱѸ˥פ˸ (1) --- 츻Ūֻ (2025/04/07)
#1409. ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤ (61-3) Effects of Christianity on English Civilization (2025/04/08)
#1410. ᴩؤȤФʸ18ýָäʸζ岽 --- оȸˤλס (2025/04/09)
#1411. Ԥȸإ˥åܡ (1) --- ··Ȥ̡ (2025/04/10)
#1412. ˹ݲǡֱѸ˥פ˸ (2) --- 2Ÿ (2025/04/11)
#1413. ʤűѸθ絬§ϴˤäΤǯٽۿΥˡ (2025/04/12)
#1414. 夵ΡֱѸΤʤ5ʬǡפäƤޤ̿ --- 16ơ (2025/04/13)
#1415. ͧã from ԥղ (2025/04/14)
#1416. ˹ݲǡֱѸ˥פ˸ (3) --- λ (2025/04/15)
#1417. Ԥȸإ˥åܡ (2) --- ··Ȥ̡ (2025/04/16)
#1418. ֤إ饸פΥå1900ɤ --- right ϤʤֱפָפɽΤ (2025/04/17)
#1419. heldio 2025ǯ1ȾΥꥹʡɼηȯɽ (2025/04/18)
#1420. īֺ¤ο˾äȤԻĤʱñ --- 426ڡˤǻϤޤޤ (2025/04/19)
#1421. ֤ 2025/04/20(Sun) (2025/04/20)
#1422. ܲѸˤϤʤؤϤƤαѸˡ٤ (2025/04/21)
#1423. ƥ줫ñƤ륯 from ԥղ (2025/04/22)
#1424. Ԥȸإ˥åܡ (3) --- ··Ȥ̡ (2025/04/23)
#1425. īֺ¤Ǥ she ܤޤ (2025/04/24)
#1426. رѸ츻ŵ٤ɤ --- khelf СȤλפĤ (2025/04/25)
#1427. ֱѸ˴ؤѤʵ䡡ܥΥåǿؤγδۤҲ (2025/04/26)
#1428. ֤ 2025/04/27(Sun) (2025/04/27)
#1429. űѸ졦ѸؤӤʤޤ͡ --- ԲϻϲͭˡظűѸ졦Ѹ2ǡʸҡ1986ǯˡ (2025/04/28)
#1430. Ѹ˴ؤѤʵ䡡ܥΥå --- ǯٽۿ (2025/04/29)
#1431. 夵ΡֱѸΤʤ5ʬǡפäƤޤ̿ --- 17ơ (2025/04/30)
#1432. khelf Ĺ --- Ƹפȡְפᤰäơ (2025/05/01)
#1433. Helvillian 5椬 --- NotebookLM (2025/05/02)
#1434. ؤȤФʸ18椬Фޤ --- ýָäʸζ岽פˤܡ (2025/05/03)
#1435. ֤ 2025/05/04(Sun) (2025/05/04)
#1436. ؤȤϡ --- إ饸οΡϢܡ֤ȤФѲĤޤפ (2025/05/05)
#1437. ԤȸرѸȤɤκ (1) --- ļ̦Ȥ̡ (2025/05/06)
#1438. 夵ΡֱѸΤʤ5ʬǡפäƤޤ̿ --- 18ơ (2025/05/07)
#1439. Ѹ˴ؤѤʵ䡡ܥΥå --- GW with Ͻؤ (2025/05/08)
#1440. Ѹ˴ؤѤʵ䡡ܥΥå --- եȡ with Ͻؤ (2025/05/09)
#1441. ϽؤθȥꥢʸȾ--- lacolaco ӥ塼 (2025/05/10)
#1442. Shakespeare αѸ˾ΰ֤Ť --- ڹӥ塼 from ԥղ (2025/05/11)
#1443. ֡رѸ츻ŵ٤ǤɤѸֻˡ by khelf ߷ (2025/05/12)
#1444. ԤȸرѸȤɤκ (2) --- ļ̦Ȥ̡ (2025/05/13)
#1445. ƥȱѸδطȤϡ --- ƥ줵إƥǤ狼ñ١ʥѥॺǡ2025ǯˡ (2025/05/14)
#1446. ɻ with ykagata & camin --- ϿĤ (2025/05/15)
#1447. ۵ۿʤΥ --- 618ˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ʸҡˤФޤ (2025/05/16)
#1448. 524īֺ¤Ǥ through ܤޤ (2025/05/17)
#1449. ֤ 2025/05/18(Sun) (2025/05/18)
#1450. 츻Ūֻαʩоȸ with camin & ߷ --- ϿĤ (2025/05/19)
#1451. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åͽ⥢ --- 7궦Ԥۿ (2025/05/20)
#1452. ԤȸرѸȤɤκ (3) --- ļ̦Ȥ̡ (2025/05/21)
#1453. ۵ۿʤΥˡԤȸرѸ츻ϥɥ֥åͽ⥢ (2025/05/22)
#1454. ļ̦Ȥä˥֤ (2025/05/23)
#1455. khelf वȥեȤƤαѸᤰä --- ϿĤ (2025/05/24)
#1456. ֤ 2025/05/25(Sun) (2025/05/25)
#1457. ԽԡƼԤȸ֥ޥ Helvillian (2025/05/26)
#1458. رѸ츻ŵ (KDEE) ɼԤˤޥ˥åȡ --- ϿĤ (2025/05/27)
#1459. ѲΥߥƥ --- إ饸οΡϢܡ֤ȤФѲĤޤפ (2025/05/28)
#1460. ظűѸ졦Ѹ٤ᤰ뻨 --- ϿĤ (2025/05/29)
#1461. Helvillian 6椬 --- ˰٤helפ (2025/05/30)
#1462. Ѹ˴ؤѤʵ䡡ץܥΥå with Ͻؤ --- ϿĤ (2025/05/31)
#1463. ֤ 2025/06/01(Sun) (2025/06/01)
#1464. YouTube ʸ麽սPLUSפ˽б餷60ʬۤɱѸˤäƤޤ (2025/06/02)
#1465. ⡪ɤʤ뤳줫θ --- ϿĤ (2025/06/03)
#1466. Ȥϲ (2025/06/04)
#1467. ˤƸűѸ mycel Ѹ much Ѥä (2025/06/05)
#1468. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ȸФ (2025/06/06)
#1469. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤@ԡ (2025/06/07)
#1470. ֤ 2025/06/08(Sun) (2025/06/08)
#1471. 719ڡī㡼ǡֿ٤رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åŰɽѡǵǰŤ̡ס (2025/06/09)
#1472. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥åȯޤǤ8 --- eight ι (2025/06/10)
#1473. ΡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥åٿҲο֤ (2025/06/11)
#1474. إ饸Ρ֥륷ʸˡפǴطˡˡˤʤäƤޤ (2025/06/12)
#1475. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤Ѹ (2025/06/13)
#1476. Caxton ɤ˽ΰߤǯ (2025/06/14)
#1477. ֤ 2025/06/15(Sun) (2025/06/15)
#1478. 621īֺ¤Ǥϵܤޤ --- ȯľΡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤Ϥ (2025/06/16)
#1479. 褤رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ȯ --- ֥եȥפȡAmazon®ӥ塼פ2ĤδˤϤ (2025/06/17)
#1480. ֽȤСפθ --- إ饸οΡϢܡ֤ȤФѲĤޤפ (2025/06/18)
#1481. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ΥեȥϤƤޤ (2025/06/19)
#1482. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٥եȥԿ3ŹᤰƤޤ --- 4ͤδ (2025/06/20)
#1483. դī "season" --- رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ǹܤƤߤޤ (2025/06/21)
#1484. ֤ 2025/06/21(Sat) (2025/06/22)
#1485. khelf ιֱѸ˥ƥ50פǯ٤Ϥޤ (2025/06/23)
#1486. 䤤å䤬 --- ʸҡArgumentٽղƹδƬåѤʵˡѸˡפ (2025/06/24)
#1487. add ΡȤΤʤ츻 --- رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ȡֱѸ츻ŵǤɤѸֻˡס (2025/06/25)
#1488. ̾Ų --- Ѹ춨 helwa ղ (2025/06/26)
#1489. Ѹ˸ԤϤɤΤ褦ˤƸоݤλ֤Τ (2025/06/27)
#1490. ֱѸˤɤ߲줫αѸȤθ礤 --- ANAؤƤա179 (2025/06/28)
#1491. khelf Ĺڵιݳزȯɽ (2025/06/29)
#1492. ڹιݳزȯɽ (2025/06/30)

1٤ΤפΤΤ餻Ǥ628ط Helvillian 〜ϥѸˡ٤2025ǯ79ָޤhellog ɼԤˤϤ⤦ߤΤȤȻפޤhelwa ΥС֤ͭ note Ƥ hel (helkatsu) η֥ޥǤϴ餢äȤ֤9뤳Ȥˤʤޤ̤Ȥ˽¤Υ饤ʥåפǤäꤪɤߤäꤪڤߤ
ɽΤϡcamin һäɤ̿ǤŤʥɤʤ顤إᥤȤγǮפäƤޤ
ýϡָűѸϤפǤűѸʹȡȤäĤˤȴ⤤뤫⤷ޤѸȤϰۤʤʸʸˡĸǤ顤ǤýɤСα̥ϤʬȻפޤűѸƧɤˤʤϤǤ
Ȥ櫓ܤƤΤϡheldio/helwa Ǥ⤪ߤϽʾءˤˤ̴ƤǤּ֡εפ̣臘űѸʸΡꤹ1ԡűѸȤˤűѸҲǤΤǡؤŤǤ
ޤֿ衡Ѹ츻ϥɥ֥åפܤǤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥åȯ618ΤȤǤäơإᥤȤδ֤Ǥϡ֥ϥɥ֥åˤϤ줳뤫⤷ʤʤ⤷ʤפȤͽͷӤ깭ƤޤͷӤ˴ؤ뵭ȤޤȤΤοΥǤ
Τۤˤ¿̤ʵʸܤǤǤ٤ƤҲ𤹤뤳ȤϤǤޤƼԤΤ̾Ƥޤ礦ari umisio camin 夵Grace פäĤߤȤmozhi gengo Taku ʶˡlacolaco ~ߤLilimi Ǥ
Helvillian ϡhelwa γȯʥߥ˥ƥưλʪǤꡤֱѸˤδ֤ˡϤȤɸ϶䤷ʤƤ¸ߤǤhelwa ˻äƤ볧γưͻҤˤĤƤϡ Voicy ץߥꥹʡۿֱͥѸˤ (helwa)ΥСˤʤꡤȤȤİС
Helvillian ΥХåʥСΥڡˤޤȤޤäƤޤhellog helvillian ΤĤƵ⤪Ǥ
βƤ helǮǤhellog ɼԤγˤϡҺǿ Helvillian ƤФȻפޤ
Helvillian 7ˤĤƤϡVoicy heldio Ǥ⤴Ҳ𤷤Ƥޤ#1494. Helvillian 7椬 --- űѸϤ⤦⤪İ
ƱνʼʷءˤȱĤƤ YouTube ֤Τۤإͥ350ޤĤĤޤ2022ǯ226˳Ϥ轵θ6ŪۿƤޤͥϿԤܲ1.48ͤǡطϤΥͥȤƾΤ褦ˤʤäƤޤΤٻ˴פޤ
629ˤۿ줿ǿİ5,000ˤޤ#349. Ĥ˽ФޤرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å by ߷ͧɹδ
ưμϿϡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤ȯǤ618ΤȤäΤǤ礦ܽθܤˤФȤߥäΤǡ伫ȤⶽʳƤޤ
ܽΥݥȤҲ𤷤ޤܽJACETδ1000оݤˡγơθ츻ѸˤȤǫ˲⤷ޤǤˤʤפθ츻ܤǤκħϡñʤ츻˽ϤƤʤˤޤ#5897. رѸ츻ŵ٤ȡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤δط([2025-06-19-1]) ǤҤ٤褦ˡܽϸġñˤ겼ֽĤõפνǤرѸ츻ŵ٤Ф츻ΤϤ͡ΤδϢΤֲõפ¥ȤܻؤƤޤ㤨Сñ줬ɤΤ褦ʷаޤǼѤ졤ȤȤˤɤΤ褦˰̣ѤƤΤطʤˤҲʸѲˤƤƤޤ
ޤѸؽԤʡ֤ʤפȤѤʵҥȤܤǤ#5902. رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١رѸ츻ŵ١ؤϤƤαѸˡ٤īĹˡ([2025-06-24-1]) ǾҲ𤷤褦ˡܽϱѸõΡ3åȡפΰѤô¸ߤȤơ깭ѸˤؤȤʤޤѸƤˤϼȤΥͥĢȤơؽԤˤμ뤿ܤȤơҤѤǤ
ˤ Amazon ǡֱѸˤ1̡ޤԸ4֤ǵԢŹŹθν夲1̤ƤޤɾޤƴդƤޤ³رѸ츻ϥɥ֥å٤αꤤޤ
߷ ͧ ɹ δˡʡ 쵮 ءʹܶϡˡرѸ츻ϥɥ֥å١ҡ2025ǯ

ڡϤˡ
ΤӡANAۡǥȯԤ뵨ؤƤա1792025ǯƹˤˡֱѸˤɤ߲줫αѸȤθ礤פꤹ륨åƤޤɽޤ8ڡˤ錄롤ȤεͤޤäǤ
ʤҶȳȯԤ뻨ˡֱѸˡפ꤬ȶä줿⤤ä뤫⤷ޤƤΤäȤˤϾͤΤǤҶȤйȤбѸǤΤǡפä礭ϤޤͤƤ뤦ˡषѸŪʻƳΤˤäƤĤεǤϤʤȴϤޤ
ڡɸѸפϤĤɸäΤ
εǤϡ1500ǯʾˤ錄Ѹˤդ֤ʤ顤ɸಽפȡæɸಽפȤ2ĤΥ٥ȥΤ礤ܤޤѸϤ衤θܿϰŪҲŪʸŪװˤäƾ˻ѤѤƤǤ
㤨αѸϡΤ褦ʡѸפȤϤ¸ߤʤ¿ͤʾ֤ˤޤˤϥե˲ϰ̤ޤޤˤϡѤ䶵٤ڤˤäơɸѸפƤȤˤʤޤϥɥ桦ήθոǥˤդäȤªɤΤʤŪʪˤޤǤ
ڡѸפλءѸ¿Ϻ˻ϤޤäȤǤϤʤ
Ѹ;ޤФȤʤޤǤޤ¿Ǥ⤢ޤλ䤿ϡꥫѸ䥤ꥹѸǤʤɱѸ졤ݡѸ졤ʥꥢѸʤɡѸ¿ͤʡִפŪ˸äƤޤˬѸҤäݸήοŸˤäơܤ餷ʤ¿ͤʱѸ˿뵡ƤΤǡθΤʤϤǤ
͡ʱѸʹơ֤äѸʤΡפȸǤ̤⤢뤫⤷ޤѸˤդ֤ȡ¿ϤषѸλѤȤ狼ޤ٤ȤѼäȤϤʤषɤ졤Ѥ³ƤʤΤǤ
ǧΥХʸɤ߲Ǥνȯˤʤޤ
ڡ줫αѸȤդ礤Ȥϡ
ܥåǤϡŪطʤƧޤǡ䤿ѸȤɤΤ褦˸礦٤ˤĤơ4ŦƤޤ
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2. ˱ʱѤ
աäաեޥ롿եޥʤɡŪ˱ƥȤʬϤޤ֤ɤ줬פǤϤʤֲŬڤפˤڤǤ
3. ¿ͤʱѸѼؤδ
ѼαѸ˿줿Ȥ´ѤǤˡطʤħܤ뤳ȤפǤ
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ȯֻЪΥä¿ʸˡΤʤɡѸΡ֤ʤפˡƤξ硤ƤΤϡֱѸˡפǤѸˤΤ뤳ȤǡѸؤλޤ
Ѹ줬θפȤƤ¿Ͳ³ʤ䤿ϤɤΤ褦ˤѲȤĤäƤ٤ʤΤΥҥȤѸˤȤĹѥõäƤߤޤ̣줿ϡܻ˼äƤߤƤ
ڡؤƤա٤ˤĤơ
ܥåϡANAˤؤƤա٤ȤεȤƷǺܤƤޤҲ𤷤Τۤˤ⡤ǧΤȷθ˴ؤ뵭䡤Ūͻʤɤ˴ؤ뵭ʤɤǺܤƤޤ
ؤƤա179˾ϡHPܺ٤ǧANAޥۥץǽȤʤäƤޤ
ʤΥåˤĤƤϡheldio ˤ#1490. ֱѸˤɤ߲줫αѸȤθ礤 --- ANAؤƤա179ȤۿƤޤΤǡ⤼Ҥİ
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