hellogѸ˥֥     ChangeLog ǿ    

capitalisation - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2023-04-06 Thu

#5092. ɸؤȱѸˡ˸ؤ [trademark][goshosan][youtube][voicy][heldio][link][semantics][semantic_change][metaphor][metonymy][synecdoche][rhetoric][onomastics][personal_name][toponymy][eponym][sound_symbolism][phonaesthesia][capitalisation][linguistic_right][language_planning][semiotics][punctuation]

ޤǤˡVoicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio) YouTube ְʼδѸظإ̤ͥơʣˤ錄޽ءˤɸ (trademark linguistics) ˤĤ̤Ƥޤ

ΡVoicy

#667. ޽¤Ȥ --- ɸؤȤϲ329
#671. ޽¤Ȥ --- ɸεŪͻ42
#674. ޽¤Ȥ --- ɸŪˡ45

ΡYouTube

#112. ɸθ --- ޽¤о322
#114. ޥƤ뤳ȡƤʤȡƤȤϲ̣뤫 --- ޥμҲỤ̄ --- ޽¤μȡ329
#116. ǤϤʤɸ޽¤󤬸ؤڤǥץ45
#118 412ͽˤ³ʸ嵭2023/04/12(Wed)#118. ޽¤󤬿ꤹˡءɸ --- ѥˡؤء

ɸθؤȤΤϻˤȤäƤߤäΤǤ¤Ū򰷤äƤ뤳Ȥ⤢ꡤϢʬ¿ΰ褬ȤȤ褯ʬޤ伫ȤδؿϱѸˡ˸ؤǤδͤƤ¿ޤפĤΤվ񤭤ǵ󤲤Ƥߤޤ

ΰ̣ѲȤΥᥫ˥ࡥä , metonymy, synecdoche ʤɡ rhetoric Ȥɤ
ͭ̾ (onomastics) ̡̾ (personal_nameeponym ʤɡ餬ˤư̾βΤȤꡥ
ΰ̣ѡʲ˴ؤ벾ȤƤ "Onymic Reference Default Principle" (ORDP) ˤĤƤϡ#1184. ͭ̾첽 (1) ([2012-07-24-1]) 򻲾ȡ
(semiotics) ̤νꡥ
ħ (sound_symbolism) Ȳ (phonaesthesia)
񤭸դˤʸʸޥΡåΤ (cf. capitalisation)
ïȥ뤹ΤȤȻۤȸμҲŪꡥ츢 (linguistic_right) ײ (language_planning) Υơޡ

٤󤲤Ƥȥ꤬ʤǤ򵡤˾ɸθؤ¸ߤǰƬ֤ƤȻפޤ

Referrer (Inside): [2024-01-09-1]

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2023-04-01 Sat

#5087. ֱѸ˥ with ޤˤ in Voicy heldio ȥδϢ [masanyan][helquiz][link][silent_letter][etymological_respelling][kenning][oe][metonymy][metaphor][gender][german][capitalisation][punctuation][trademark][alliteration][sound_symbolism][goshosan][voicy][heldio]

ǯ٤λϤޤǤؤӤΰߤʨΩĤλޤޤѸˤγؤӤϤƤФȻפޤhelפϤƤޤ
¤ϤǤ˿ǯ٤ΡhelפϻϤޤäƤޤȺȤǯ٤ޤǤϤޤVoicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)פˤơֱѸ˥ (helquiz) ͻҤۿǤԤ khelfʷѸ˥ե˲Ĺޤˤ (masanyan)ƲԤϥꥹʡɽʡˤ޽; goshosanˤȻǤ磻磻䥬䤫ˤäƤޤ

#669. Ѹ˥ with ޤˤ
#670. Ѹ˥ with ޤˤ³ԡˡ



ºݡƤߤʬ̤ꡤȿ򤿤󤤤Ƥޤİˤϡ˳ڤǤƤ褦ǤбԤΤͤˤ⥳Ȥ˻路ƤƤꡤ쳰Ǥ⤪٤꤬³ƤǤʤդ˱Ѹˤڤؤ٤뵡ϤޤʤȻפޤΤǡ hellog ɼԤγˤİƻäФȻפޤ
ʲꤵ줿˴Ϣ򰷤ä hellog ؤΥ󥯤ĥäƤޤϤơҿؤӤء

Ρۻ (silent_letter) ȸ츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling)

#116. 츻֤֤ --- etymological respelling ([2009-08-21-1])
#192. etymological respelling (2) ([2009-11-05-1])
#1187. etymological respelling ζ ([2012-07-27-1])
#580. island --- ʤֻȯ ([2010-11-28-1])
#1290. ۻۻ⤿餷üΰ ([2012-11-07-1])

ΡűѸΥ˥ (kenning)

#472. kenning ([2010-08-12-1])
#2677. Beowulf ˤߤֲפɽ魯 ([2016-08-25-1])
#2678. Beowulf kenning ɲá ([2016-08-26-1])
#1148. űѸ˭ʸϡ ([2012-06-18-1])
#3818. űѸˤּʣס ([2019-10-10-1])

Ρʸˡ (grammatical gender)

#4039. ˤȤϥեǤ ([2020-05-18-1])
#3647. ̾ she ϸűѸˤäʸˡ̾ĤǤ ([2019-04-22-1])
#4182. ָפΥơޤι ([2020-10-08-1])

Ρʸ (capitalisation)

#583. ɥĸ켰̾ƬʸѤϱѸˤ⤢ä ([2010-12-01-1])
#1844. ɥĸ켰̾ƬʸѤϱѸˤ⤢ä (2) ([2014-05-15-1])
#1310. ѸʸѤδ ([2012-11-27-1])
#2540. ФʸỌ̇̄ʸ ([2016-04-10-1])

[Ƭ (alliteration)]

#943. Ƭˤ ([2011-11-26-1])
#953. ƬƧ2।ǥ ([2011-12-06-1])
#970. Money makes the mare to go. ([2011-12-23-1])
#2676. űѻƬ ([2016-08-24-1])

Referrer (Inside): [2024-11-21-1] [2024-03-04-1]

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2022-05-15 Sun

#4766. δñѸ in English٤Ϣ15֤ʤ I ʸǽ񤯤Ρ [notice][sobokunagimon][rensai][minim][spelling][orthography][punctuation][capitalisation][alphabet][hel_contents_50_2022][hellog_entry_set]

δñѸ in English٤6椬ȯȤʤޤϢܡˤ򤭡ѸΥܥʵפ15ϡѸ˾֤Ȥ⤤Ѥʵ夲Ƥޤʤ1;ñ̾ I Ͼʸǽ񤯤ΤȤǤ

δñѸ in English2022ǯ6



Ϣϡܥ֥Ǥ#91. ʤ;ñ̾ I ʸǽ񤯤 ([2009-07-27-1]) Ϥ͡ʷǼ夲Ƥޤطʤˤξʸ <i> λΤ˴ؤԹʻ¤ޤʤ <ı> Τ褦˽ (minim) 1ܤǽ񤫤줿ΤǤ줬ΡפȤˤʤޤϢܵǤϡΤ䤳ʤ٤ʬ䤹⤷ޤΤǡɤɤ
¤ܲʹ khelf ٥ֱѸ˥ƥ50ˤơ415رˤ줿ƥĤޤˤν򰷤äƤޤ||||||||||ɤޤȤƥĤǡޤǤǺǤ͵Τ륳ƥĤ1ĤȤʤäƤޤϢܵȹ碌ơƤߤƤ
ϢܵǤϡ⤽ʤե٥åȤˤʸȾʸΤȤ⤦1ĤѤˤ⿨ƤޤˤĤƤϰʲ򤴻Ȥ

hellog-radio: #1. ֤ʤʸȾʸΤǤ
heldio: #50. ʤʸƬͭ̾ʸǻϤΡ
heldio: #136. ̾ʸ񤭤ǻϤƤ17-18
Ϣå

ۤ1ǯۤΤȤˤʤޤ2021ǯ514ʶˤ NHK Υƥȡ֥˼롪פˤơʸȾʸפꤷƤ꤬夲졤ƽԡԤȤƽб餷ޤʲǤͤˡ  *

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2022-04-30 Sat

#4751. ʤ٤Ƥʸ񤭤ͤΡ [sobokunagimon][punctuation][alphabet][capitalisation][hellog_entry_set]

ѸˤμȤԤ鶽̣䤬󤻤ޤ

굤ˤʤäƤȤꡤʹޤ
ޤǡѲäؤαѸιֵˤơͥƥ֤ǡĽ򤹤ݤˡե٥åɽʸˤƽä㤤ޤ
ͥƥ֤ͥƥ֤˶餹ݤˡΤ褦ʽΤǤ礦
⤷¸ǤСꤤޤ


εФơҤȤޤΤ褦˲ޤ

Τ˹Ĥʤɤˤ٤Ƥʸ񤭤륷ȤΤϡ褯ޤ͡
ŪˤС䤿Ѹ춵ǽ褦ˡʸȾʸλȤʬϤäޤäƤޤεϤޤäΤʹߤΤȤǡŪΤǤ
ޤǤɬ⵬ϤˤȤʤ쥸ʻѰˤŪ¿ޤ̡ʸ񤭤̤ǤɤζĴΤιĽʸޤˤΤ褦ʥǤ͡ĴΤʸѤˤǯʾĹˤ錄ޤΤǡ줬ѤƤȲ᤹뤳ȤǤޤ
⤽ʤʸȾʸΤͤƤߤȤ⤷Ȼפޤ֤ʤʸƬͭ̾ʸǻϤΡӴϢåɤ


1ĻפФȤޤŻҥƥȤˤߤܹŨդʸ񤭡פȤ٤Ǥ٤ʸ񤭤뤳ȤϡäդǤǡܹ椷ơȯƤ뤳ȤޤˤꡤҰŪʥåФȤǤ櫓ǤHorobin (129) ⤷Ҳ𤷤Ƥޤ

While exclamation marks, smileys, and emojis offer methods of defusing situations and apologizing, what happens when you want to deliberatively provoke or insult someone? Here traditional punctuation offers little help, since there are no marks that explicitly indicate anger or aggression. In electronic discourse, however, the use of capitals has become an established means of shouting, or expressing hostility towards your addressee. To write an email entirely in upper-case is seen as an act of deliberate aggression; a New Zealand woman was dismissed from her job for sending emails exclusively in capitals, which were deemed to be the cause of disharmony in the office. The US Navy was forced to change its policy of requiring all communications to be in upper-case, since sailors accustomed to reading text messages and emails considered the default use of capitals at the equivalent of being constantly shouted at.


ʸ񤭤1ĤȤäƤ⡤Ωɤʸؤˤʤޤ

Horobin, Simon. How English Became English: A Short History of a Global Language. Oxford: OUP, 2016.

Referrer (Inside): [2023-08-26-1]

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2020-06-23 Tue

#4075. ʤʸȾʸΤǤ --- hellog 饸 [hellog-radio][sobokunagimon][hel_education][alphabet][capitalisation][notice]

ε#4074. ѤʵפˤҤ鲻ѸˤιֵԤʤޤ ([2020-06-22-1]) ͽ𤷤褦ˡѤ򻯤ơhellog 饸ǡפ򥪡ץ󤷤ޤ
Ȥʤ뺣ϡʤʸȾʸΤǤפȤޤ2ʬ20äۤɤβ (mp3) ˤ뤪ڤǤʲɤ



򤷤ʤǤⵤڤİ褦ʥƥĤȻפޤȤϤäƤ⡤ʹή򤹤ˤǻ̩ʥƥĤ⤷ޤ󡥿ΤꤿȻפä顤Ϥʸ󤬥٥ȤǤäʸϤɤߤϡhellog ##1309,3668εå
夿ޤȯƤͽΡhellog 饸ǡפǤϡ󼨤Ȥ⡤Ǥ hellog ΤǰäƤؤͶפ󶡤뤳ȤռƤޤƥǥ褫ơαѸˤؤι񿴤ߤΩƤ뤳ȤǤФȻפޤ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-03-13-1] [2020-06-27-1]

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2019-11-30 Sat

#3869. 衼åѽ줬Ѹν񤭸դ˵ڤܤƶ [spelling][j][v][punctuation][standardisation][apostrophe][capitalisation][punctuation]

ƥ줬ѸʤҤƤϸθѸˤν񤭸դ˵ڤܤƶˤĤƤϡ츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling) 褯ΤƤ롥ƥϡҿΤȤƥͥ󥹴˱ѸɸಽΤܤˤʤäȤϳΤƱΥ衼åѤǤե󥹸졤ڥ졤ꥢ⡤Ѹν񤭸դ˾ʤ̱ƶͿƤѸˤǤ⤢ޤ궯Ĵ뤳ȤϤʤ̣˽פʻ¤Ǥ롥
Scholfield (158) ˤСŦƤ롥

<i> <j><u> <v> ζ̤ϡƥǤϤʤڥ䥤ꥢˤä̤ˤ¥줿cf. #1650. ʸǤȤƤ j Ω ([2013-11-02-1]), #2415. ޿Ūɽֻ׼ John Hart ˤפơ ([2015-12-07-1])
long <s> οϡ餯ΦαƶǤcf. #584. long <s> graphemics ([2010-12-02-1])#2997. 1800ǯ򶭤˰ä long <s> ([2017-07-11-1])
ݥȥե (apostrophe) ƳΦ
ʸ (capitalisation) Ԥʤ褦ˤʤäΦ
Φθ줫ѤȤˡѸǤֻѸ첽˼뷹⡤嵭νƱ򼨤
ΰΤ⥤ꥢե󥹤ʤΦ褿Τä

Scholfield (158) ΰʲλŦϡ֥ƥ줬Ѹ˵ڤܤƶװʾˡ֥衼åѽ줬Ѹ˵ڤܤƶפؤܤƤ롥

. . . those with influence over how English writing developed were at least in the sixteenth/seventeenth centuries motivated to locate English as a modern European national language perhaps rather more than as another classical language.


ѸϡۤΥǥȤƤƥǰƬˤƤŪŨмԤĶϼԤȤ뤷ƤΤϡƱΥ衼åѤνäȤȤˤʤꤽ

Scholfield, Phil. "Modernization and Standardization since the Seventeenth Century." Chapter 9 of The Routledge Handbook of the English Writing System. Ed. Vivian Cook and Des Ryan. Abingdon: Routledge, 2016. 143--61.

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2019-05-13 Mon

#3668. ʤʸȾʸλǰۤʤΤΤǤ [sobokunagimon][alphabet][writing][calligraphy][capitalisation]

ɸˤ褯ФѤʵǤޥ󡦥ե٥åȤʸʸλˤϡ<C, c>, <K, k>, <O, o>, <P, p>, <S, s>, <U, u>, <V, v>, <W, w>, <X, x>, <Z, z> Τ褦ˤۤΤΤޤʬ䤹ؽưפǤ <A, a>, <B, b>, <D, d>, <E, e>, <F, f>, <G, g>, <H, h>, <I, i>, <J, j>, <L, l>, <M, m>, <N, n>, <Q, q>, <R, r>, <T, t>, <Y, y> Τ褦ǤʤΤ⤢ޤǤʤФ꤫ΥƤڥ⤢ޤȤ <D, d> ʤɤϥ롼פθդǤʤΤ褦ʻƤʤʸʸΥڥΤǤ礦
#1309. ʸȾʸ ([2012-11-26-1]) ʸȾʸάˤ򵭤ޤäޤȤмΤ褦ˤʤޤޤ޻ˤʸΤߤ¸ߤޤʸȤĦ줿Ĵ⤤ Imperial capitals ɽŪʽΤǤθ塤夬˰ܤѤȡƹ͡Τ߽Фޤ񤭤ѤŪʽΤ줿ǤŪʽΤλϡޤ줬ʸεǤ
ܴΡԽΡΤפ⤫٤ƤߤФ狼ȻפޤβʤȡλΥƤΤ̤ǤꡤƤ뤳ȤϤषǤޥ󡦥ե٥åȤǤ⤽ƱȤǡƹ񡦳ƻˤβΤŤʤꡤ̤ȤƤФиʸȤϸǤۤʤ뾮ʸΩ뤳ȤˤʤޤɽŪʾʸνΤϡ781--90ǯΥޡ˥ζפ˺ݤ߽Ф줿 Carolingian minuscule ȤΤǤ
ơ夬ͥ󥹤ȡꥢǿˤդ路ΤѤ褦ȤưޤŵˤƤͥ󥹴ο͡ϡʸˤϸޤΰҸθ Imperial capitals ѤޤʸˤĤƤϡ޻ˤҤΤȤꤽ줬¸ߤʤäᡤɽŪʾʸΤǤ Carolingian minuscule Ѥ뤳ȤˤޤCarolingian minuscule ⡤äƤߤ Imperial capitals Τ1ĤȤޤˤ錄β򷫤֤̤ƤλѤǤ顤ʤ Imperial capitals λȤϤʤ˰ۤʤäΤˤʤäƤޤäƤޤ Imperial capitals ʸˤ Carolingian minuscule ʾʸˤΥڥ˥ꥢʳˤ⹭ꡤΥޥ󡦥ե٥åȤɸŪʽΤȤʤäΤǤ
ɸѤʵΩޤ礦嵭Τ褦ʷаޤǸߤʸȾʸΥåȤޤäƤȤͤСξԤλ줤Ȥʤ뤳ȤϡषʤȤȤ狼ޤƬ˵󤲤褦ˡºݤΥڥϾɤǤˡ٤Хޥ󡦥ե٥åȤñʴŪʤΤǡ줿ȤƤ⡤ŪˤȤɤޤ뷹⤢ΤȤϻפޤ
ɸεϡ֤ʤʸȾʸλΤƱΤΤǤפ䤤ľۤ⤷ޤ

Referrer (Inside): [2020-05-23-1] [2019-05-22-1]

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2017-08-10 Thu

#3027. Ϥι [punctuation][writing][capitalisation][manuscript][printing]

ܸǤλϤ1ƽ񤭻ϤΤϤȤƤ롥ǯεϤȼɤϤƤˤĤƤϡ#2848. ּԤ1ʤס ([2017-02-12-1]) εǿ줿ǤϡѸˤĤƤϤɤ
ѸܤɤǤȤ狼Ȥꡤ̾ϹԤϿʸ٤λԤʤƤ롥ˤ̤κˡ⤢롥㤨СϹԤʤʤˡϤƬʸ¾ʸ礭ơʤȤʣԤι⤵ǡΩʤ "drop capital" λѤ롥ϡμܤˤơƱŪѤ줿礭ʸ˵ġ뤤ϡѼȹͤ뤬俷ʹεǤ褯ܤˤ褦ˡǽ1줫򤹤٤ʸǽ񤯤Ȥˡ⤢롥
⤦1դ٤ϡԤʤ鷺̤Ω⤷ʤ򳫻Ϥ뤳ȤȤȤϡϤ1ˤƤǤ롥Ϥ̾򼨤ԤľǤϡλϤǤ뤳ȤϼǤꡤ̤ʹޤ򤻤Ȥ褤ȤȤܸǤ1ȤɤΧ1򤹤ΤǡѸΤήϤˤŤ󤸤Ƥ뤫Τ褦˴롥
Ĺ餯αѸ񵭤ι˴äƤŪˤϤۤɸŤήǤϤʤ褦Crystal (131) ˤȡ100ǯۤˤϡ1Ȥɤ¾Ʊ褦˿ʸλԤʤΤ̾ä褦ɤΤȤˡ (punctuation) δϡˤϰˤ뤷house style ˤȤ礭٤ιλظǧˤ衤ˡޤŪʤΤǤϤʤȤȤ

Crystal, David. Making a Point: The Pernickety Story of English Punctuation. London: Profile Books, 2015.

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2016-04-10 Sun

#2540. ФʸỌ̇̄ʸ [punctuation][capitalisation][noun][writing][spelling][semantics][metonymy][onomastics][minim]

ѸˤʸѤˤĤƤϡĤδʲεǰäƤ

#583. ɥĸ켰̾ƬʸѤϱѸˤ⤢ä ([2010-12-01-1])
#1309. ʸȾʸ ([2012-11-26-1])
#1310. ѸʸѤδ ([2012-11-27-1])
#1844. ɥĸ켰̾ƬʸѤϱѸˤ⤢ä (2) ([2014-05-15-1])

ƬʸѤˤĤơĤʸɤѸθƬʸѤˤϡֻФʸפȡְ̣ʸפȤȤФʸȤϡʸƬιƬ֤κǽʸʸˤΤǤꡤñʻʤʸʸñεǽδ֤ľŪʤĤʤ꤬ʡפʸƬȤƬ򼨤ɸȤƤΰ̣⤿ʤ (47) ŪбζĴȤǤ롥
⤦1Ĥΰ̣ʸȤϡỤ̄¤˴ؤΤǤ롥ŵϸͭ̾θƬʸǤꡤĤϤħ̾ǰפɽƤ롥̣ŪˤϡΡǰפɤߤ뤫פǤ롥 (48--49) βƤΤǡطս

ʸ줿̾ϼʤΰ̣¤ΰĤǤǰȯǰ롥̾ΰ̣¤ΰĤǤǰʸȤǶ벽ȹͤ롥ФʸȤϰ㤦Ǥ롥̾ʳʻˤʸ׵᤹ΰ̣ŪڤӿŪ׵᤬礱Ƥ롥
̾Ū͡ʲǽäƤ롥͡ǽ⡤äˡǰפȤǽ򸽼²ҤΩƤơɼԤδ˶ĴƤߤΤʸǤ롥
ФǰȤϤʤ복ǰǤΤǤ
ǰŪä̾Ǥ롥餢դİƤ˿֥᡼ǰǤ롥İбȤ褦äơŪŪ䵬ԤθŪǰǰǤ롥
ǰˤĤŪ롥
ǰ̾˲äʤˤŪʥ᡼Ǥ롥󥰤ȤƤ̾İбȸƤ֤Ȥ롥̾İбΤͤ˶̤ʬǰȸƤ֤櫓Ǥ롥ä̾ϡǰΰ°¤ꡤǡطʤʿǡã뤳Ȥ롥̾Τˤ褯͸դ罰ãΤ椭ȤɤƤΤۤɰطʤãϤ礭ǡä̾⹭ǰΤ Mass Communicated Sign MCS ȸƤ֤Ȥˤ롥
MCS ϰƤã롥Ǥ狼Τ顤Ρ֤٤ơɬ٤䤫dzǰŪΤƤǤϤʤñľŪʥե᡼˰㤤ʤ
ǰ MCS Τ褦˶̤ƱΥ᡼طʤȤ̤äƤ롥ҹ̤δޤߤǰ̿Ǥ롥äǰλĴޤߤϡĿŪŪǤäƤϤʤʤĿͤˤʤʤˤãˤϿǤ꤬ɬפǤ롥ĿͺʤʤФʤǰȤƤŬϰϤ٤⤯ʤ롥äǰϾ˸̺ʤưȸĤζ̤ռŪӽǸĤɽ路ꡤʬΤɽꤹ롥ǰϸĤ򤳤 ذ̲뷹롥
ǰΰ̲ײȡͭвˤ롥ηϿʹֿ˶ƶڤܤǰǤۤɡͤ˱ƶͿ줿᡼ϰܲ졤ĤθͭʪȤʤ롥
ʾޤȤȡǰˤϡ罰ãȡͭȤĤ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥


ǰθͭȤ¦̤ϡŵŪˤ̵ͣθͭ̾줬ħĤκƱˤͭ礬롥㤨СBible, Fortune, Heaven, Sea, World तǤ롥ϡѸʸˤơ̵ͣθͭ̾줽ΤΤǤ뤫Τ褦ˤȤ館ƤǤ롥ʸʸ̮ˤƵͭ̾첽ȤäƤ⤤ᡤ̤̾ʤɤ⡤ĤκƱ˴ŤʸΤǤ롥Ʊth River, th Far East, the City ʤɤ̾ First Lady, President ʤɤοͤɽƱͤǤ롥ˤ metonymy ѤƤ롥
ǰ罰ãȤ¦̤θΤϡޥߤήۤҲ񸽾ݤ˴ؤǤ롥Communism, Parliament, the Constitution, Remember Pearl Harbor, Sex without Babies λԤˤȤäƤϡΰʤʸǧ뤳ȡˤǡطʤʸ̮ľŪ򤵤ΤǤ롥
ʤ;ñ̾ I 񤹤봷ϡ#91. ʤ;ñ̾ I ʸǽ񤯤 ([2009-07-27-1]) 餫ˤ褦ˡ̣ʸȤϡषФʸȹͤ٤I ΰ̣ǤϤʤñ˻Ū˺Ω뤿ʸȹͤΤ̤ˤϽ (minim) 1ܤǤϼϤνפƸʬդˤȤȤ뤬1ܤǽ񤫤Ȥ¦̤⡤1ʸǽ񤫤ǤȤ¦̤Τۤפ⤷ʤȤΤϡĤθ褦ˡ15Υޥ̥ץȤ򸫤ȤϤʸʤ괧 a 񤷤Ƥ㤬뤫Ǥ (49)
ʸȴϢơͭ̾첽ˤĤơ#1184. ͭ̾첽 (1) ([2012-07-24-1])#1185. ͭ̾첽 (2) ([2012-07-25-1])#2212. ͭ̾ϥ˥եʤ˥եǤ ([2015-05-18-1])#2397. ͭ̾ȿ̾̾ ([2015-11-19-1]) 򻲾Ȥ줿

١Capitalization ˤĤơסػѸظ61桤1967ǯ47--53ǡ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-04-01-1]

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2015-11-15 Sun

#2393. <Crist> <Christ> [loan_translation][etymology][spelling][etymological_respelling][eebo][capitalisation][hebrew]

νפ̾εϡإ֥饤ǡפ̣ māshīaχ (> PDE Messiah) ˤ롥򥮥ꥷѤΡС֤ʤפꥷ Khrīstós (cf. khríein (v.)) Ǥ뤳ƥ Chrīstus ͳơѸ䤽¾θäŹϥɥĸǤ <crist>, <krist> Τۤ <christ> ⤢äűѸǤ <crist> ֻǸ졤ѸǤ <ch-> ֻϤۤȤɸʤꥷʸϤơ<xpist>, <xps> ʤɤɽϤꤨ
OED ˤȡ"This word and its derivatives and cognates (including CHRISM n. and its derivatives) were very rarely (and perhaps only accidentally) spelt with ch- in Middle English, but this has been the regular fashion since 1500; in French it began in the preceding century." Ȥ롥
ޤرѸ츻ŵ٤ˤȡ<ch> ֻ1500ǯʹߤɸಽȤꡤƬʸѤ̤ˤʤΤ17ᤫǤȤʤűѸˤ첻 /iː/ ȯϡɷ붵դαƶˤΤȤ̣Ҥ⤢ä
15--16 <ch-> 줿Ȥȡޤե󥹸ǤϤ꾯᤯ƱֻԤƤȤȤϡѸˤĬήͤˡͥ󥹴ȤħŪʸ츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling) Τ⤦1ĤȹͤΤޤOED θڤƤ褦Ѹ "accidentally" ˤǤϤ졤<ch-> ȤΤ⤪⤷ȤΤϡͥ󥹴ȷӤĤ䤹츻Ūֻ¿㤬¤ѸʳǤ⻶ȯŪƤȤ¤뤫ˤƤ⡤<Christ> ŵŪʸ츻ŪֻȸƤ֤ȤǤ
EEBO (Early English Books Online) μƥȥǡ١ʰ׸ƤߤȤ15ȾǤ <c-> ΤߤҥåȤ<ch-> ϸʤäȤ16Ⱦˤʤȡ100ǽ <c-> 60٤ѤƤΤФơ <ch-> 234Ƥ롥16ȾˤʤȡֻϤۤѤȤʤäΤȤơ16ˡֻȯŪǿĥȤ롥

Referrer (Inside): [2018-03-22-1]

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2014-05-15 Thu

#1844. ɥĸ켰̾ƬʸѤϱѸˤ⤢ä (2) [punctuation][printing][mode][writing][standardisation][lexical_diffusion][swift][capitalisation]

#583. ɥĸ켰̾ƬʸѤϱѸˤ⤢ä ([2010-12-01-1]) ˤ褦ˡAddison, Dryden, Swift ʤɤγ17--18ˤϡ̾θƬʸϤäν񤭼μݤϥɤȤʤ̾ʸ뤳Ȥä̾ǤвǤʸȤHorobin (157) ˤСδظˤϿβäȤ

The convention seems to have been for a writer to leave the business of spelling to the compositors who were responsible for setting the type for printed texts. This practice led to the introduction of a distinctive feature of punctuation found in this period: the capitalization of nouns. This practice has its origins in an author's wish to stress certain important nouns within a piece of writing. Because ultimate authority for spelling and punctuation lay with compositors, who were often unable to distinguish capital letters from regular ones in current handwriting, they adopted a policy of capitalization of nouns by default.


#1829. 񤭸եƥȤ3Ĥεǽ ([2014-04-30-1]) εǻȤ (45--46) ϡȼԤˤƤƥȤνǽ˱ƶڤܤƤ뤳ȤŦƤ롥

줿ƥȤǤϡǽΥǤʬŪˡǽΥǤϤۤȤɤäѤ黺ȵФƽ񤭼ɬϤ⤿ʤ¤Ϥ椨ˡʬܤ줿ΤɤȤϡʬǽ񤤤ΤȤ̤ܤˤƤ봶ΤǤ롥줿ΤФƤ븢Ҥγˤ롥


θ塤̾θƬϤ٤ʸȤˡδĹ³Ĥɸಽ뤳ȤϤʤä񤭸դɸಽˤ뿢ȤŪˤդƤɬפʤǶθǤϰȼԤν񤭸ɸಽؤδͿ⾮˸Ѥ뷹ǧ뤬δͿΤΤǧƤ櫓ǤϤʤβϴְ㤤ʤäϢơcat:printing standardisation ΤĤε򻲾Ȥ줿
ѸǤǤڤˤʤä̾ʸδϥɥĸǤɸಽƤ롥ϥɥĸˤˤϰŤǯ8 Oslo ؤdz줿 ICHL 21 (International Conference on Historical Linguistics) ˻äޤˡɥĸˤ뤳ζˡȯŸˤĤƤθȯɽꡤ̣İ긵˻ĤäƤˤȡɥĸǤ16--17ˤδȯŸǽ餫餹٤Ƥ̾줬ʸ줿櫓ǤϤʤ[+animal] ΰ̣̾줫Ϥޤꡤ[+agentive], [+material] ʤɤνǿʹԤȤŪˤ⡤ȤƤΤۤŪȤƤ̾ʸᤫäȤֻѲóȻ (lexical_diffusion) ˽ΤȴؿΤФƤ롥
޻ˤʸȾʸζ̤ȯˤĤƤϡ#1309. ʸȾʸ ([2012-11-26-1]) 򻲾ȡ

Horobin, Simon. Does Spelling Matter? Oxford: OUP, 2013.
١롦 衡ʸȥߥ˥١ҡʸ˥ӡ1988ǯ

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2012-11-27 Tue

#1310. ѸʸѤδ [punctuation][prescriptive_grammar][capitalisation]

ε#1309. ʸȾʸ ([2012-11-26-1]) ǡʸˡŪʵǽòƤȤ˿줿Ѹˤơʸ (capitalisation) ˤϤɤΤ褦ʤΤSchmitt and Marsden (156) 󤵤Ƥβվ񤭤ǵ(a)--(c) ƬʸɬʸѤ٤硤(d)--(g) ϤƤʸѤ뤬ɤΤǤ롥

(a) the opening word of a sentence;
(b) proper names;
(c) names of the days of the week and months;
(d) names of the deity and religious celebrations (God, the Lord, Mass);
(e) key temporal events or epochs (the New Year, the Middle Ages);
(f) abstract nouns to which we may want to draw attention (Liberty, Education), along with scholarly or medical disciplines (Mathematics, Psychotherapy, Gerontology) and institutional labels (the State, Government);
(g) the main words in titles and other words to which we may want to give emphasis;

˴ޤޤƤʤΤ⾯ʤʤظѸˡŵ (242--45) 餤ĤȴФС;ñ̾ I OγƹԤκǽʸδƬ1줢뤤Ͽ졤Ƭ (acronym)񤭸դǶɽ魯ʬʸǼʹФʸʤɤǤʸѤ롥嵭¿ʸѤˤϡմͭ餫ζĴȤä̤̤ƴ롥;ñ̾ I ʸʸѤˤĤƤϡŪ˰ޤƤԤȤ¦̤⤷ʤĤƤϥǥեȤʸäʸξʸƬˤäꤵƤäˤפȡI ȤȤ˸ɷʳƮδ O ⺣ޤǤ褯Ƥ롥
Ϣơ#91. ʤ;ñ̾ I ʸǽ񤯤 ([2009-07-27-1]) #583. ɥĸ켰̾ƬʸѤϱѸˤ⤢ä ([2010-12-01-1]) 򻲾ȡ

Schmitt, Norbert, and Richard Marsden. Why Is English Like That? Ann Arbor, Mich.: U of Michigan P, 2006.
ͧ ԡظѸˡŵ١Ʋ2006ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-04-01-1] [2016-04-10-1]

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2012-11-26 Mon

#1309. ʸȾʸ [punctuation][alphabet][writing][hiragana][calligraphy][capitalisation]

ʤե٥åȤˤʸ (capital letters, uppercase letters) Ⱦʸ (small letters, lowercase letters) Τ
ޤե٥åȤʸ (majuscule) ȤȯãƤȤˤ롥2ܤʿδ֤ǼޤΤǡޤǤϡФĦΤѤ줿Ť square capital 䡤ܤѤ餫 rustic capital ʤɤԤʤ줿νΤ7ȾˤѤ롥4긽Ƥ񤭤䤹Ƽɮ (cursive) ǤʸΤδƤΤʤǺǤ褯Ѥ줿ΤߤߤΤΤǤ륢󥷥 (uncial) 顤ꥹǤ褯Ѥ뤳Ȥˤʤ half-uncial ȯã嵭ϤʸΤǤϤ뤬ä˺Ǹ˵󤲤󥷥ΤѼ狼顤ξʸ (minuscule) ȯã뤳Ȥˤʤä
ʸΤϡ2ܤʿξ岼ˤϤߤʸΤħǤ롥󥷥Τޤ줿󥰽Τϡ781--90ǯΥޡ˥ζפ˺ݤƥ衼пȤ Alcuin (c732--804) ν̤ΤȯãΤǤꡤɤߤ䤹ϹɾθѤȤ10--15˹Ѥ줿ʸΤ̲ǵäå (Gothic) Ǥ롥
ʸΤȯãƤϡʸΤʸƬѤʤɤζˡŪʵǽŪʵǽؤòƤ椯Τ褦ʸѤδѤŪˤʤΤȾˤʤäƤǤꡤϤȤƳΩΤ1800ǯ餤Ǥ롥
ʸȯˤϡʸν񤭤䤹ɤߤ䤹ɵˤäȤ롥̾ʴˤ񲽤̾ȯŸ˲߽̾ФܸΤˤȤӤ褦
Ϣơ#583. ɥĸ켰̾ƬʸѤϱѸˤ⤢ä ([2010-12-01-1]) 򻲾ȡ

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2010-12-01 Wed

#583. ɥĸ켰̾ƬʸѤϱѸˤ⤢ä [punctuation][prescriptive_grammar][academy][swift][hart][capitalisation]

ɥĸǤʸƬͭ̾Τߤʤ餺̤̾ʸǻϤ뽬롥Ѹ˴ƤȥɥĸʸѤ뤵졤ɥĸ˴ƤȱѸξʸѤˤʤäƤ롥ɤΤ褦ʾʸ뤤ϾʸѤ뤫ȤϹ̣ punctuation ˴ؤȤäƤ褤̾ʸ ( capitalisation ) 1718ˤϱѸǤ⹭ԤʤƤǽ˴᤿Τ16ʸˡ John Hart Ǥ롥Walker (21) ʲΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

The use of a capital letter at the beginning of important nouns, as recommended by John Hart in 1569, increased during the seventeenth century, but gradually decreased during the eighteenth century, though Murray's Grammar was still using this in describing the 'Colon' and 'Semicolon' in 1834.


16?18˱ѸǤδȯãطʤˤϡΦθǤƱͤδäǡ18˽˿षƤäΤϡʸѤδ˰ΤʤȤʸˡȤäǤȤȤΤϡδ٤Ƥ̾ʸˤΤǤϤʤֽפʡװ̾ʸˤȤ롼ʴäǤ롥18Ρλ ( the Age of Reason ) ʸˡȤˤϼ줬äΤ
ʸѤκ1700ǯäλɽΤ Gulliver's Travels ԤˤơѸ륢ǥߡΩʤ Jonathan Swift (1667--1745) Ǥ ( see [2009-09-08-1], [2009-09-15-1] ) Swift ʸϤǤ̾ʸδ˼Ƥ롥㤨СSwift ͭ̾ʥǥߡΩò A Proposal for Correcting, Improving and Ascertaining the English Tongue (1712) Ǥϡ̾Ϥ٤ʸǽ񤫤Ƥ롥

Walker, Julian. Evolving English Explored. London: The British Library, 2010.
Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 2003. 67

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2009-07-27 Mon

#91. ʤ;ñ̾ I ʸǽ񤯤 [palaeography][spelling][flash][punctuation][capitalisation][minim][personal_pronoun]

κǽȻˡäμˤȻפҲ𤷤ơΤȤ˻Ѥ饤ɤܥ֥˷ǺܤƤۤ˾äΤǡFlash Why Capital "I" ?פܤƤߤΥ꡼DZǤʤ뤤 PDF ǸȤϡ.



ϡܤΤ򤤤󤲡dzǧȤΤά

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