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acronym - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2024-07-12 Fri

#5555. kh ֻ [spelling][loan_word][digraph][h][khelf][acronym][digraph][silent_letter][orthography]

khelf banner



khelfʷѸ˥եˤǤرѸ˿ʹȯԤʤɡѸˤ򿶶hel (helkatsu) ͡ŸƤޤ
khelf ȤƾΤ "Keio History of the English Language Forum" Ƭ (acronym) ǡ伫Ȥ¤ʤΤǤܸȯǤϡ֥աסѸȯǤ /kɛlf/ ȤʤΤȻפޤkhelf <kh> ֻϢ³ʤȤ󤻤ޤΤǡѸֻˤ 2Ż (digraph) ˤĤܵǼ夲ޤ
<kh> ϡѸˤƤϷ褷٤ι⤤ʸȤ߹碌ǤϤޤ󤬡khaki ʥˡkhan ʥ󡤥ϡ󡤴ˡKhmer ʥ᡼͡ˡKhoisan ʥ²ˡSikh ʥ̡ˤʤɤ˸졤ñǤ <kh> /k/ бط򼨤ޤ٤ƼѸͭ̾ǤꡤѸˡ˴ƱƤ뤫ȤвȤǤCarney (221) Ǥϡ<kh> ˸ڤĤ astrakhan ʥȥ饫󿥡, gymkhana , khaki, khan, khedive ʥץˤ󤲤Ƥޤ
Carney (328) Ǥϡ<h> 2ʸܤȤƤġҲɽ魯¾2ŻȤȤ <kh> ƤޤϢսѤޤ礦

The clusters <ch>, <ph>, <sh>, <th>, <wh>, are treated as spelling units. So are the clusters <gh>, <kh>, <rh>, but there is a difference. In the first group, the <h> has the natural function of indicating the features 'voiceless and fricative' in representing [ʧ], [f], [ʃ], [ʍ]; <th> represents only 'fricative' for both voiceless [θ] and voiced [ð]. In the group <gh>, <kh>, <rh>, the <h> is empty and arbitrary; there is some marking, however: <rh> is §Greek, <kh> is exotic.


<kh> <h> ϲŪˤưŤΤʤۻ (silent_letter) ȤäƤ٤Ǹ˿ƤȤꡤñ줬 "exotic" Ǥ뤳Ȥɸ뵡ǽͭƤ褦khelf ˡ̥ŪȤ̣Ǥ "exotic" ʳưܻؤ

Carney, Edward. A Survey of English Spelling. Abingdon: Routledge, 1994.

Referrer (Inside): [2025-01-01-1] [2024-07-13-1]

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2020-01-17 Fri

#3917. رѸ춵٤Ϣ11֤ʤѸˤϾά줬¿Τ [rensai][notice][sobokunagimon][shortening][abbreviation][blend][acronym][compound][compounding][derivation][derivative][conversion][disguised_compound][word_formation][lexicology][borrowing][link]

114ˡرѸ춵١罤۽Źˤ2ȯ䤵ޤѸϢֱѸƳΰФ䤹ѸˤΥĥܡ11Ȥʤ뺣ϡ֤ʤѸˤϾά줬¿ΤפȤǤ

رѸ춵2020ǯ2



ϢܵϡȥȤƤϾά˾ƤƤ褦ˤߤޤºݤˤϱѸθˤγѤܻؤƤޤʣ (compounding) (derivation) ʤɤ¿ѤűѸ졥¾줫 (borrowing) 뤳ȤܳФ᤿Ѹ졥ʻž (conversion) 뤤ϥ (zero-derivation) ȸƤФ븼ŪʵФѸ졥ơḽѸˤƬƤά (abbreviation) û (shortening) Ǥ
Ѹˤ̤͡ȯŸƤθ (word_formation) ή򡤻§׻ˤʤ館绨ĤˤޤȤȡ(1) ­ݤθűѸ졤(2) θѸ졤(3) 껻ζḽѸȤʤޤϾάṳ̂˱ɤƤ껻λȤȤˤʤޤ
Ѹθˤ嵭Τ褦˻§׻ˤʤ館ŤߤƼΤϡϢܵƤǤӺǤϤޤʤȤѸˤήƬˡ1ĤȤƤͭȻפäƤޤҸʸɤߤФȻפޤ
άṳ̂ˤĤơϢܵȴϢ֥إ󥯤򽸤Ƥߤޤ碌Ƥɤ

#631. blending γ ([2011-01-18-1])
#876. Ѹˤ뤫Ф˹⤤ ([2011-09-20-1])
#887. acronym ʬ ([2011-10-01-1])
#889. acronym 20 ([2011-10-03-1])
#893. shortening ʬ (1) ([2011-10-07-1])
#894. shortening ʬ (2) ([2011-10-08-1])
#1946. ǽŪʴߤû ([2014-08-25-1])
#2624. Brexit, Breget, Regrexit ([2016-07-03-1])
#2982. ܸ˰륢ե٥åƬ ([2017-06-26-1])
#3075. άȰŹ ([2017-09-27-1])
#3329. ʤϾάʸˤ¿Τ ([2018-06-08-1])
#3708. άṳ̂Ϸ־Τߤʤ餺ǽˡǤ ([2019-06-22-1])

ֱѸƳΰФ䤹ѸˤΥĥܡ11󡡤ʤѸˤϾά줬¿ΤסرѸ춵2020ǯ2桤罤۽Ź2020ǯ11462--63ǡ

Referrer (Inside): [2025-03-21-1]

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2018-06-08 Fri

#3329. ʤϾάʸˤ¿Τ [abbreviation][shortening][acronym][blend][lexicology][word_formation][productivity][sociolinguistics][sobokunagimon]

иŪʻ¤ȤơѸǤܸǤ⸽ϰ̤˾άʸˤηӻѤ¿ΤĬήˤĤƤϡ#625. ѸʸˡѲ˸뷹 ([2011-01-12-1])#631. blending γ ([2011-01-18-1])#876. Ѹˤ뤫Ф˹⤤ ([2011-09-20-1])#878. Algeo Bauer ο쥽Ĵӡ ([2011-09-22-1])#879. Algeo ο쥽Ĵ鼨̻Ū([2011-09-23-1])#889. acronym 20 ([2011-10-03-1])#2982. ܸ˰륢ե٥åƬ ([2017-06-26-1]) ʤɤεǿƤѸοȤơƼξά (abbreviation) ޤû (shortening) ݤ򼨤Ƥ롥
ǤϡʤϾάʸˤΤ褦¿ѤΤˤĤؤμȤǥ֥쥹ȤƤߤ顤ȶ̣ոޤäޤȤȡʲ3ۤɤ˹ʤ롥

û̡ͥ륮ṳ̂ߵιޤꡥι̩ٲ (densification) η
άɽȤäƤͤϡɽ䤽λؼоݤˤĤ̤ƤȤСʤֻȤʤƤ봶פ롥ΥΤ̾ΤʤͤФͥ۴Τ褦ʤΤΤǤϤʤɽûȤϡɽΤƤȤξΩĤᡤʹɺ碌뤳ȤǤ롥
άʸˤѤưϤĤλˤ⤢äϤĤƤϸѤˤפȤΥåƥŽ줬ǡѤ뷹äϼҲŪ꤬ˤǤƤꡤΤ褦ʡפĤƤƤĬ뤿ᡤŪʾάߵ᤬߲ƤȤȤǤϤʤ

2ܤΡֻȤʤƤ봶פλŦԤȻפϡ#1946. ǽŪʴߤû ([2014-08-25-1]) ǿ줿ִŪʸ̡ ("emotive effects") ȯŸǤȹͤ뤷#3075. άȰŹ ([2017-09-27-1]) ǸڤƿŪפˤ̤롥ʤθϡΤɽΤäƤ뤫ݤˤäüԡʽġˤ̲ȤƼҲŪʵǽ¸ߤ򼨺Ƥ롥ҲŪʬϤСֻή줬®뤿ˡ庹ˤҲʬǤ㤷ʤäƤƤꡤ٤ɽ魯ɸȤƾάʸˤ¿ѤǧפȤȤǤϤʤ

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2017-09-27 Wed

#3075. άȰŹ [cryptology][abbreviation][shortening][acronym][initialism][writing]

άɽϱѸǤܸǤǤ롥#889. acronym 20 ([2011-10-03-1])#2982. ܸ˰륢ե٥åƬ ([2017-06-26-1]) Ǥߤ褦ˡƬȸƤФ acronym initialism ʤɤϿʹ仨ʤɤ˰Ƥ롥Τάɽϸ˸¸ߤϸŤǧ롥ΤǤϥꥷޤλ̤ꡤεꤳɮפ֤֡®ȤäŪӤˤä⤷ʤ䤬ƽŪŪƿŪˤѤ褦ˤʤäĹ (43--44) ϡŹȤδϢάˤĤƼΤ褦Ƥ롥

άϡΤ褦軰ԤФƿȤ̤ŪѤ졤ȯãƤά줽ΤΤޤ괷ѤƤʤΤǤäꡤάμबäƤȡάɽ򸫤ʤȸΰ̣Ȥʤ礬롥ޤάˤΤ񤭻ߤˤάʽ񤭤ΤޤӤǻߤάȤΡˤˤϡ줬άǤ뤳Ȥ򼨤ñ˵դ򴭵褦ʤȤԤʤ줿
ĤϡؤǤƿŪά줬Ѥ뤳ȤˤĤʤΤǤ롥


AIDS EU Ǥ¿οͤƤ˼ŪȤ뤬ǶܤˤĤ褦ˤʤäФ EPAEconomic Partnership Agreement; кϢȶˤ ICBMInter-Continental Ballistic Missile; ΦƻơˤǤϡɬ¿οͤάʤΤؤΤǧƤʤ⤷ʤʥҥȤȸĥ뤳ȤϤǤ뤫⤷ʤŹ˶ᤤȤ
ǤϡAIDS EU ϤʤǧΤ䤹ΤȤС֤ѤƤǤ롥ϻ¾ΰŹäǤ⹽鷺˻Ȥ³Ƥˡ¿ο͡졤ǧΤäȤȤǤ롥Ź沽βȤߤ뤳ȤǤ֤ά֤ⷫѤΤǤϡƿθ̤ƤޤȤϤޤǤʤסĹġp. 45ˡ

Ĺ ԡذŹȤ١̼ҡ2017ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2020-01-17-1] [2018-06-08-1]

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2017-06-26 Mon

#2982. ܸ˰륢ե٥åƬ [acronym][initialism][sign][semiotics][binomial]

ʹɤǤȡե٥åȤƬ (acronym) ȤƤΩġѻʹǤϤʤܸοʹäǤ롥Ƕ TPPʴʿηкϢȶˤ˴ؤ1ĤεΤʤǤ⡤EPAʷкϢȶˡNZʥ˥塼ɡˡCEOʺǹбǤԡˡIMFʹ̲ߴˡGDPʼ¼ˡGEʹݷкѡˡEUʲϢˤʤɤΤ褦˸ƤǺǽ˸Ȥˤϡ嵭Τ褦ˤäդ줢뤤񤭤Ȥ٤ܸɽźƤ뤬2ܰʹߤƬΤߤǤ롥¿ɤ߼ˤȤäơƬȤαѸɽŸ뤳ȤɬưפǤϤʤºݡŸɬפ⤵ۤɴƤʤȤǤϡ1Ĥο졤̵ŪʵȤäƤ褤ʡ#1108. 쵭̵ͭ ([2012-05-09-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ
иΡEPAʷкϢȶˡפΤ褦ɽϡŪˤС֥ե٥åȤˤ륷˥եܸ졦ˤ륷˥եˡפȤˤʤäƤꡤΤȤ1Ĥεʥ˥ˤŪƳˤۤʤʤϡε椬Ǻ巫֤Ȥ뤳Ȥä뵡ǽΤۤˡε򼭽Ū˲⤹뵡ǽͭƤ롥ʹҤˤȤäƤϡѽФ̾ɽ魯Τʸ򸺤餻åȤ뤷ޥǥȤƤѸ̤˹ôäƤΤȤͤ롥̾͡¿ȿ̾ˤޥԥå߽ФξˡȤ褦Ȥ1ĤθŪбʤΤ
ɽȴϢƻפФΤϡܸΤߤʤ餺ѸˤŪ˸줿Τ binomial Ǥ롥Ѹ my heart and my corage ꡤˡΧѸ acknowledge and confess ꡤʸɤͳ褹 (å) Τ꤮ꤹפʤɡ夢뤤°1ĤθʸŪȤäƤ褤ˤĤƤϡ#820. ʩƱ ([2011-07-26-1])#1443. ˡΧѸˤƱ ([2013-04-09-1])#2157. word pair μȸ̡ ([2015-03-24-1])#2506. Ѹ2।ǥܸʸɤߡ ([2016-03-07-1]) ʤɤ򻲾Ȥ줿
ĤޤȤܸǤ⡤⤦1ĤθʸŪƳƤƤȤȤʤΤ

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2014-07-07 Mon

#1897. "futhorc" acrostic [runic][word_play][acronym][oe][alphabet][alliteration]

#1875. acrostic ޶ ([2014-06-15-1]) εǡѸܸ줫 acrostic ʤͷӤߤűѸˤ acrostic λ롥The Rune Poem ȸƤФ6ᤫʤǡγʸФȡ󥰥ϥ롼ʸ켰θƾΤǤ "FUÞORC" Ȥñ줬⤫Ӿ夬ʡ#1006. 롼ʸѼ ([2012-01-28-1]) 򻲾ȡˡCrystal (13) ꡤThe Rune Poem ̣ɤ褦ƻԤƬ (alliteration) ⵬§ŪǤ롥

Feoh byþ frofur   fira gehwylcum---Wealth is a joy to every man---
sceal ðeah manna gehwylc   miclun hyt dælan  but every man must share it well
gif he wile for Drihtne   domes hleotan.  if he wishes to gain glory in the sight of the Lord.
  
Ur byþ anmod 7 oferhyrned,Aurochs is fierce, with gigantic horns,
felafrecne deor,   feohteþ mid hornum,  a very savage animal, it fights with horns,
mære morstapa:   þæt is modig wuht!  a well-known moor-stepper: it is a creature of courage!
  
Þorn byþ ðearle scearp,   ðegna gehwylcumThorn is very sharp, harmful to every man
anfeng ys yfyl,   ungemetun reþe  who seizes it, unsuitably severe
manna gehwylcun   ðe him mid resteð.  to every man who rests on it.
  
Os byþ ordfruma   ælcre spræce,Mouth is the creator of all speech,
wisdomes wraþu   and witena frofur  a supporter of wisdom and comfort of wise men,
and eorla gehwam   eadnys and tohiht.  and a blessing and hope to every man.
  
Rad byþ on recyde   rinca gehwylcumJourney is to every warrior in the hall
sefte, and swiþhwæt   ðam ðe sitteþ onufan  pleasant, and bitingly tough to him who sits
meare mægenheardum   ofer milpaþas.  on a mighty steed over the mile-paths.
  
Cen byþ cwicera gehwam   cuþ on fyre,Torch is to every living thing known by its fire;
blac and beorhtlic,   byrneþ oftust  bright and brilliant, it burns most often
ðær hi æþelingas   inne restaþ.  where the princes take their rest within.


Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 2003.

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2014-06-15 Sun

#1875. acrostic ޶ [word_play][japanese][acronym][word_play]

acrostic ȤϡƹƬʸ֤ȸˤʤͷӤ򤤤֤ʸ򽸤⤢ꡤΤΤ telestich ȤƤФ롥إϥ¼ŵ٤˷ǺܤƤ acrostic 󤲤褦Ƭʸ򽸤 COMET Ȥʤ롥

Composed of vapors, shining bright,
Of wondrous size, yet harmless light.
Men view thee as a burning ball,
Expecting soon to see thee fall
To this world, kill us all. (R. Blackwell)


ΤǤϡacrostic ϥꥷä Sibyl ʥӥˤοΤʤ˽Ƹ졤ꥷͤδ֤ήԤȤ衼åѤˤꡤߤǤͷȤƿƤޤƤ롥OED ˤȡѸˤ acrostic Ȥκǽ16ȾˤϡSibyl ؤθڤޤʸ

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xxxii. 591 Cicero..maketh mention of Sibils Acrosticke [Fr. l'Acrostiche de la Sybille], that is to say, of certeyne verses of hirs whose first letters made the name of that King.


ߡacrostic ϰŵѤ뤳Ȥ롥㤨ХȲθβФΤˡ"Every Good Boy Deserves Favour" ƬʸѤˡʤɤ (Crystal 116)
ܸǤϡ²Ρж硦ʤɤ˻ȤƱͤͼȤơ޶ʤ꤯ˤ롥θήϺ߸ʿΡذʪ٤˱Ӥޤ줿֤ĤФפޤ²Ρ֤᤭ĤĤʤˤʤФϤФ̤ι򤷤פաפˤꡤͻˤϻͼȤήԤ޼޳ƶޤ໰ޤ伷ƶޤޤʤ͡ʼब줿˼ιƬȹޤʤĤ֤ (=double acrostic) Ȥͼ⤢롥ʲϡķ󹥤κʤǡơʤ͡ˤޤʤˡˤߤפɤ롥


Τ
ޤ
µ⽩
Ƥʤ


Crystal, David. The English Language. 2nd ed. London: Penguin, 2002.

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2013-09-12 Thu

#1599. Qantas ȯ [acronym][pronunciation][information_theory][redundancy][alphabet][q]

8Ⱦ˥ȥꥢ˽ФƤα˽ Qantas Ѥġɥˡϩε˹ȤƤꡤ¤˲Ŭʥե饤ȤäܸǤϡ֥󥿥פȸƤӽ路Ƥ뤬 [ˈkwɑntəs] ȯʹQ ʸбˡҲ [k] ǤϤʤ [kw] ʤΤ
Qantas "Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services" Ƭ (acronym) Ǥ롥1920ǯ̤̾ꥪȥꥢΥʹҶҤȤߤ줿47ǯ˹IJ졤ߤǤͭιŪʹҶҤǤ롥϶ȤƤ̵ΤȤʻΤˤ뤬ˡ̤Ǥɾ⤤
Ѹ줢뤤ϱѸäˤĹΤʤǤϡ̾ <q> ñȤѤ뤳ȤϤʤ<qu> ɬľ <u> ȼŪˤϡűѸ <cw> ֤ƤΤѸǥե󥹤μ̻˽ä <qu> ֤褦ˤʤäΤ<q> θ˸§Ȥ <u> ³ȤȤϡͤȤС<u> ξ̤ϥǤפȤȤˤʤ롥<u> ³Ȥ100%ͽۤǤΤǡ<u> ϤʤƤƱȤȤˤʤ뤫ǽ塤<q> θ <u> פȤȤˤʤΤ<qu> Ϣ³˴Ƥޤäܤˤ <q> ñȤ̯˸롥ֻ٥Ǥ⡤; (redundancy) ѤƤڤ
äȤ⡤Ƭ졤ӥ줫μѸʤɡ˱ѸƱȤϤߤʤʤ췲Ǥϡ<q> θ <u> ³ʤȤ¿ɽ Qantas ֻȤƤ <q> ñȤѤƤ뤬ȯȤƤñȤ [k] ǤϤʤ [kw] 򼨤Ƥ롥Qatar [ˈkæːtɑː], qibla(h) [ˈkɪblə], Qing [ʧɪŋ], ޤ <u> ³Τ [kw] 򼨤ʤ Quran [kɔːˈrɑːn] ⻲ȡ
ʤ#308. Ѹκѱñꥹȡ ([2010-03-01-1]) Ǹ褦ˡ<q> ϱѸ <z> ˼ǺǤ٤㤤ե٥åȤʸǤ<z> ˤĤƤ z γƵ򻲾ȡˡܡɤQWERTYǤ⡤̾Ȥꡤ<Q> Ϻξؤ򺹤ΤФǤʤФʤʤԤǤ롥QWERTY ΤƬǤꡤ<q> θ <w> ³ [w] ȯޤǤ롥

Referrer (Inside): [2019-04-24-1] [2015-06-24-1]

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2012-03-04 Sun

#1042. Ѹˤ벻ɤߤȷɤ [japanese][kanji][grammatology][spelling_pronunciation_gap][french][acronym]

ܸδȤʸηϤġˤðۤ1Ĥˡɤߤȷɤߤζ¸롥¿δȷȤޤäۤʤȯбƤꡤˤäƤϲɤߤˤϸⲻײȤơӵܡԵӡˤ̤졤ɤߤˤϻʤɤޤʣɤߤб뤳Ȥ롥1Ĥʸ˸ߤ˴ϢʤʣβƤƤ褦ʸηϤϡȤɤ⡤Ǥܸδ餤ʤˤ̤С᡼ (Sumerian) ܸʸˤβȷ2ɤߤǧ줿ˤʸηϤǤ뤳Ȥϴְ㤤ʤ
δðϡȷηŪäƤȤˤΤǤäơȯŪˤǤбѸˤ褦ֻȯδطߤ롥ϡƥθ򤽤Τޤޤֻ뤤Ͼά줿ֻǼѤǡ(1) ƥȤȯ뤫Ƭ (acronym) ȤȯʳͲɤߤˡ뤤 (2) Ѹɤ߲ơơȯ뤫ʷɤߤˤɤ줬ǧ뤳Ȥ롥򸫤Τᤤʲ (146--48) ­󤲤롥

ɽֻƥʲɤߡѸɤ߲ʷɤߡ
cf.confer, /siː ˈɛf/(compare)
e.g.exempli gratia, /iː ˈʤiː/for example
etc.et cetera, /ˌɛt ˈsɛtərə/and so on
i.e.id est, /ˌaɪ ˈiː/that is
viz.videlicet, /vɪz/namely
vs.versus, /ˈvɜːsəs/against

Ʊͤˡե󥹸ˤ⤤Ĥ㤬롥
ɽֻƥʲɤߡʩɤ߲ʷɤߡ
1oprimo /primo/premièrement
2osecundo /səgɔ̃do/deuxièmement
3otertio /tɛrsjo/troisièmement
id.idem /idɛm/la même
N.B.nota bene /nɔta bene/note bien
op. cit.opere citatoà l'ouvrage cité


Ѹ򤹤ܸؽԤˡܸδðۤʲ2򤷤Ƥ餦ˤϡѸΤΤ褦򼨤Ф褤Ȥˤʤ롥ʩݤбƴβ2ΰյƹͤƤߤȡ򤷤ƤܸüԤ˹٤ʤȤ򤷤Ƥ뤳Ȥ狼롥̾򤸤ʸɤǤȤο̤ƴʲˤ¸ʷˤ˥ޥå󥰤ƤΤǤꡤƱ򤷤Ƥ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥ϡХ󥬥Ʊ

סܸȳ١ȽŹ1990ǯ

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2011-10-07 Fri

#893. shortening ʬ (1) [word_formation][terminology][acronym][blend][shortening]

[2011-10-01-1]ε#887. acronym ʬפ˰³̳ǰǤ shortening ʬҲ𤷤Heller and Macris ϡʤʽѸ췲Ƴơshortening ෿ιۤߤɽϡHaller and Macris (207) ۤ¤˺ƸΤǤ롥

1. Type of shortening
A. Acronym (initial): ad
B. Mesonym (medial): Liza
C. Ouronym (tail): Beth
D. Acromesonym (initial + medial): T.V.
E. Acrouronym (initial + tail = blend): brunch
F. Mesouronym (medial + tail): Lizabeth
2. Medium shortened
A. Phonology: ad, Liza, Beth
B. Orthography: Dr.
3. Hierarchy affected
A. Monolectic (one word): ad
B. Polylectic (more than one word, i.e., a phrase): brunch

Haller and Macris ϡBaum acronym ʬ˸ 1st order, 2nd order ʤɤζʬŪǤʤȤơɽ "1. Type of shortening" "3. Hierarchy affected" 2ĤδѤ͡ shortening ˡ1 δϡûθη (etymon) ɤʬĤƤ뤫ȤǤ롥桤ȤȤ߹碌ˤ6ĤŪʥ饹ߤƤ롥3 Ǥϡetymon 1줫ʣ줫ʤ礫̤롥2Ĥδˤäơ㤨 brunch "a polylectic acrouronym" Ǥʬव롥
Ȥ櫓פʤΤϡ"2. Medium shortened" ˤäơηŪ˰ƤʤäûȽ񵭾ûζ̤줿ȤǤ롥ξûϡetymon ΡְǤ (subtractive) ȤǶ̤Ƥ뤬񵭾ûˤͭΡ֤ (replacive) פ뤳ȤŦܤͤ (203--04) 㤨С£ pound ν񵭾ûȤߤʤȤǤԤϸԤν񵭾ΤɤʬȿǤƤʤΤǡִȤۤŬڤǤ롥ιͤǤ椱СXmas (= Christmas) Τ褦ϡ"acroreplacive" ȤǤƤ٤뤳Ȥˤʤ (204)
3Ĥδˤäơ¸ shortening ¿򵭽Ҥ뤳ȤǤ롥δǤϵҤǤʤʣ⤢ܤ򲡤ƤбѤ񤷤ʤ

Heller, L. G. and James Macris. "A Typology of Shortening Devices." American Speech 43 (1968): 201--08.

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2011-10-05 Wed

#891. ή˵դ餦Τ褦 initialism Ÿ [acronym]

##887,889,890ε acronym ˤĤˤƤäˡ#889. acronym 20 ([2011-10-03-1]) ǤϡѸή acronym ˤꡤȶĴñȤȯ acronym ʿԤơե٥åȤ1ʸȯ initialism Ʊ˱ɤƤ뤳ȤϡCPU, EU, FBI, USB ʤˤȤޤʤȤ´
Ի׵ĤʤȤˡѸˤϰޤꤿ initialism ƤŸȤή˵չԤ褦ʷ⻶ΤǤ롥ŸȤäƤ⡤Ĺ򤽤Τޤ櫓ǤϤʤե٥åɤߤʸŸȤȤǤ롥
򸫤ΤᤤBaum ˤȡΥץȥפ O.K. okay Ÿ (expand) ǤȤ¾ˤϡM.C. emcee, D.J. deejay, TV teevee Ȥ㤬롥female emcee ̤᤿ femcee ȤޤǤ롥acronym Ʊ͡initialism κθ̤ι̩ٲ (densification) ˤΤȤС[2011-01-12-1]ε#625. ѸʸˡѲ˸뷹פ򻲾ȡˡinitialism ŸԲIJǤ롥̵ֻŸǤäơȯϲŸƤʤޤν񤭸ե쥸ˤʤȤŦƤ ("limited for the most part to areas of colloquial writing where one might least expect formality of expression" [Baum 74]) äơޤǸ¤줿ΰ˹ԤʤƤŪˤʤȤ뤬δֱӡδᲽȤݤȤʤ
礭ήΤʤ˸뤳ξ񹳤θưϤϡβBaum (73) ϡinitialism ͿäȤ¤餲뤿ǤϤʤȻŦƤ롥

Alongside this tendency toward condensation there is a slowly growing counterimpulse toward reestablishing the full dignity of the initial word by expansion. Perhaps this countermovement is stimulated by the notion that the initial word is too stark in appearance.


Baum (75) Ϥޤξ񹳤Ʊ򼨤Ƥ⤤롥

This counterimpulse to abbreviation, as indicated in these few examples, is obviously a weak one, still relegated to the periphery of the language. But a sizable proportion of these expanded initial words---okay, Seabee, emcee---has by now gained lexicographical acceptance, certainly an indication that the neologism is finding approval.


Ѳˤơ礭ĬήΤʤξ񹳤ȤϾ̯񤬤롥⻲ͤޤǤˡ

[2010-06-04-1]: #403. ή˵դäƤӵ
[2010-08-31-1]: #491. Stuart ī˿षʿʸˤ뱪Ū do
[2011-06-12-1]: #776. ʬƻ -ed

Baum, S. V. "Formal Dress for Initial Words." American Speech 32 (1957): 73--75.

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2011-10-04 Tue

#890. ͹ƬǾ acronym Ͻ̾¿ [acronym][personification][political_correctness][gender]

ε[2011-10-03-1]ǾҲ𤷤20 acronym ȯŸˤ⤷ Baum ǯ˶̣򤽤ʸ񤤤Ƥ롥SARAH (= search and rescue and homing; ܺ֡), CORA (= conditioned reflex analogue; ο͸ƬǾ), ERMA (= electric recording machine, accounting; ưĢ) ʤɡΥԥ塼Ѥοܤ̾ΤȤ줿 acronym ˤϡ̾¿ȤΤǤ롥
ϡǤϤʤȯ˴ؤäƤ뵻ѼԤϤۤȤɤäꤵ졤ʪȤȤƵͲƤȤפ뤫Ǥ̾̾ ˤĤƤϡ##852,853,854 ε򻲾ȡˡǤϡ֤ȸΩƤطʤˤΥ᡼ϤȤȡBaum (224--25) ˤм̤Ǥ롥

In general, the technological acronym seems to be growing more and more feminine, perhaps from much the same motivation as has encouraged meteorologists to appropriate girls' names for the yearly hurricanes. There is a sly and meaningful humor apparent in using a woman's name---Sarah, Cora, Erma---for what is really an intricate nervous system constructed of electronic tubes and thousands of feet of electric wire.


ʤۤɡ䡤ޤ Baum ΰոǤѼԤܤ뤫⤷ޤ󤬡
Ѥˤ褦ˡ͹ƬǾ⤺äȸι⤤ǤϥꥱˤĤƤϡƹ1953ǯƳƤ̾Ϳε§1978ǯѤ˽̾ߤͿ̿̾ˡؤȲ᤿National Hurricane Center εˤС̾ˤ̿̾δ19ν꤫餢Ȥˡ̾Ǥ˽ƱȿȤΤͳä褦оɤ˽ --- Ǥ⤢櫓ǤϤ뤬
Baum ƶϤޤ1956ǯΤȤʤΤǡ͹ƬǾ̿̾ˤĤơθλ𤬵ˤʤȤǤ롥ܤǤϡˡ AIBO ̾ͳ1ĤˡפؤäƤȤΤȡ

Baum, S. V. "Feminine Characteristics of the Acronym." American Speech 31 (1956): 224--25.

Referrer (Inside): [2014-06-28-1] [2013-06-22-1]

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2011-10-03 Mon

#889. acronym 20 [word_formation][acronym][pde]

[2011-10-01-1]ε#887. acronym ʬפ acronym ƬˤμˤĤƸѸθѲĬή1ĤȤơι̩ٲ (densification) ŦƤ뤬[2011-01-12-1]ε#625. ѸʸˡѲ˸뷹פ򻲾ȡˡڤãʤ1Ĥ acronym Ǥ롥acronym Ȥ켫Τ American Dialect Society ˤä20 "Word of the Century" ˥Υߥ͡Ȥ줿ۤɤǤ ([2009-12-28-1]) ѸɽȤäƤ褤Ѹˤ20 acronym ȯŸˤ˥ꥫҲˤƳ⤷Baum ˤ붽̣ʸ򸫤ĤΤǡʲ׻ݤ⤷Ƥ

ե٥åʸȤ̡ȯ initialism 顤Ȥȯ acronym ؤήԤѲϡǤ᤯ˤϡ1λ˴ѻ롥AWOL (= absent without official leave; 1920ǯ), DORA (= Defense of the Realm Act; 1917ǯ), ANZACS (= Australian and New Zealand Army Corps; 1915ǯ) ʤɡޤȯŪä
1930ǯ塤President F. D. Roosevelt ˤ the New Deal ʥ˥塼ǥˤԤ뤿̵ɤޤ줿̾ΤȤ NIRA (= National Industrial Recovery Act; 1933ǯ) T.V.A. (= Tennessee Valley Authority; 1933ǯ) ʤɤ acronym initialism ¿Ѥ졤äƻѸǹޤ줿ˡꥫѸǤϤ¤ˡ夹뤳ȤȤʤä
2λ˷ɤ̵˺졤ά줬ޤ줿λˤϡinitialism acronym 򹥤෹餫˸褦ˤʤ롥EIDEBOWABEW (= Economic Intelligence Division of the Enemy Branch of the Office of Economic Warfare Analysis of the Board of Economic Warfare), MEW (= Ministry of Economic Warfare), WAVE(S) (= Women's Appointed Volunteer Emergency Service) ʤɡǸϡˤƤϡȡפΰ̣ȶäơŬ紶뤳Ȥա
̣ȤŬ紶տŪ˵ acronym ϡˤƤиƤ롥Basic English (= British American Scientific International Commercial English; 1932ǯ), CARE (= Cooperative for American Remittance to Europe; 1945ǯ) ʤɡ
acronym ʬõΤ褦˸뤬⤦1 acronym γƤʬ˿͹ƬǾʤ뤤ϥԥ塼󥹡ˤ롥ENIAC (= electronic numerical integrator and computer; 1945ǯ) Audrey (= automatic digital recognition) ʤɡ

¾Ǥ̵θץ̾ˤ acronym ѤƤ롥Υ֥ϢǤ⡤ξά̾䥳ѥξά̾Ȥ acronym ¿ (see List of Corpora)

Baum, S. V. "From 'Awol' to 'Veep': The Growth and Structure of the Acronym." American Speech 30 (1955): 103--10.

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2011-10-01 Sat

#887. acronym ʬ [word_formation][terminology][acronym][initialism][blend]

[2011-09-29-1]ε#885. Algeo ο쥽ʬ (3)פʬɽįƤȡȵŤȤ¿1ĤˡITEM_NO 21--25, 27, 28 θ˶̤ͿƤ acronym ƬˤȤθƾΤ˴ؤ꤬롥
̾acronym radar (= radio detection and ranging) Τ褦ˤ켫Ȥ1ȤȯΤؤե٥åȤȤ1ʸɤޤ FBI initialism ƬʸˤȤ϶̤롥Web3 CALD3 򸫤Ƥߤ褦

Web3: a word formed from the initial letter or letters of each of the successive parts or major parts of a compound term (as anzac, radar, snafu)

CALD3: an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something, pronounced as a word


acronym ϡ嵭Τ褦 initialism ȶ̤줿ǡ˲̶ʬ롥Algeo ʬɽˤ "1st order" "2nd order" ȤΤǤ롥ʬ Baum (49) ˵äƤ褦ʤΤǡ򻲾ȤƤߤȼΤ褦Ƥ

acronym of the 1st order (or a pure acronym): "formed only from the first letter of each major unit in a phrase" (ex. asdic for Anti-Submarine Detection Investigation Committee)
acronym of the 2nd order: "two initial letters of the first unit" (ex. radar for radio detection and ranging, loran for long range navigation)
acronym of the 3rd order: "Lewis Carroll's portmanteau word" (ex. motel from motor and hotel)
acronym of the 4th order: "a blend formed from the initial syllables of two or more words" (ex. minicam for miniature camera, amtrac for amphibious tractor)
acronym of the 5th order: "other coinages [that approach] agglutinative extremes, introducing medial as well as initial and final letters" or "a code designation very much like the truncated blends used in cablegrams" (ex. TRANSPHIBLANT for Transports, Amphibious Force, Atlantic Fleet)

5th order Ȥʤȡacronym ȸƤǤ٤ɤܤĤʤʤäƤ롥the 3rd order blend Ǥ顤acronym ΰȤȤ館ΤɤܤĤʤetyma ȤʤǽθƬäƤǡʤȤȾʬ acronym ŪäΤʤȿʻ롥
ǽ顤Τ褦 acronym β̶ʬʬΤʬǤϤʤȵäƤacronym, blend, clipping, initialism ʤɤδط餫ˤΤͭפȤȤ狼äޤBaum Ⱦ᡹ȻŦƤ̤ꡤ"Perhaps now that the acronym has been institutionalized, some kind of order will be re-established in discussions of this subject" (50) .
acronym ȤѸ1943ǯ˽ФƤꡤǯ acronym ˤ¤ϤȯŪ礷Ϥ᤿ʽиǤϤʤˤȤ褽פ˰㤤ʤɬפۤɤ acronym ƤȤȤ

Baum, S. V. "The Acronym, Pure and Impure." American Speech 37 (1962): 48--50.

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