597ǯKent ˥ꥹȶ⤿餵줿аޤˤĤƤϡ#5444. űѸθʸɤ --- 597ǯɤǥꥹȶ۶Ϥޤ ([2024-03-23-1]) εǼ夲Ƥɻ˾塤ƱѸ˾塤ƽʽäȤäƤ褤
͡ʥѥȤäΤ1ĤϥꥹȶȤȤ˥ (Roman alphabet) Ƴ줿Ȥ衤ޥ̱²ϥȿ̴طˤä롼ʸ (runic script) äƤ˻ʸؤȾ괹ƤȤˤʤä
ΥμƤξħŪǯȤơ602ǯ뤳ȤǤ롥Lucas and Mulvey (19) "CANTERBURY --- The adoption of the Roman alphabet (602)" ꤹᤫ顤Ƭ3Ѥ롥
The Jutish kingdom of Kent is the first region of post-Roman Britannia to leave evidence of an organized realm. That is because Kent was the first area to be reconverted to Christianity. Sent by Pope Gregory, Augustine and fellow monks arrived in Canterbury in 597, bringing not only Christianity but also writing in the form of Roman script. In 602, King Ethelbert of Kent had the monks write down the laws of his people in that script.
Those laws, called 'dooms', had been brought to Kent from Continental Europe 150 years before. They are the first surviving example, in any Germanic language, of a legal document. They are the starting point of the Anglo-American common law and tradition. They are also of great importance in the history of the English language.
First, they show that within five years of the arrival of the Roman script, it had been adopted in place of the runic alphabet . . . . Second, they provide evidence of Kentish, a dialect of English that was to disappear altogether. Third, they are the beginning of regular and widespread written records in English, as the script of the dooms spread rapidly west and north.
Ȳ Ethelbert 602ǯˡΧǽȤΤθαѸΥѤˤȤäƷŪʽäȤˤʤ롥ˡˤδ˽פǯäȤʬ롥
ˤƤιᤤ®597ǯΤ5ǯΤȤǤ롥ϴְ㤤ʤꥹȶȤȤˤ⤿餵줿ΤʤΤ

Lucas, Bill and Christopher Mulvey. A History of the English Language in 100 Places. London: Robert Hale, 2013.
ī Voicy heldio #1318. ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤ (60-3) Latin Influence of the Second Period --- Taku ɼ¶ѡۿޤϺǯ1226ڡˤͼۿɼ¶ѤΥǤǤ
̲ϥإᥤȤȤ˺ǯͤƤΤǡ䤫Ǥϡ˰³ Taku ʳءˤ˻ʲꤤޤˡȤȤϽؤʾءˤ˲ääƤޤإᥤȤȤƤϡGrace ykagata , lacolaco , Lilimi פäĤäޤ8̾ǤΤؤ¤ɲȤʤޤ
ɲս60 "Latin Influence of the Second Period: The Christianizing of Britain" 3ǤۤĹʤ1Ǥ55ʬۤɤƳǡĶɤޤʸ̤ˡ˭ʡ֤Ȥʤޤä gradual Ȥܸΰ̣ᤰäơϤؤ礭ʳؤӤ뤳ȤǤޤ֤ΤȤˡоݤΥƥȤȤʤ1ʬʸϡBaugh and Cable, pp. 79--80 ʲ˷ǺܡˤɤĤġĶɤˤդ礤
The conversion of the rest of England was a gradual process. In 635 Aidan, a monk from the Scottish monastery of Iona, independently undertook the reconversion of Northumbria at the invitation of King Oswald. Northumbria had been Christianized earlier by Paulinus but had reverted to paganism after the defeat of King Edwin by the Welsh and the Mercians in 632. Aidan was a man of great sympathy and tact. With a small band of followers he journeyed from town to town, and wherever he preached he drew crowds to hear him. Within twenty years, he had made all Northumbria Christian. There were periods of reversion to paganism and some clashes between the Celtic and the Roman leaders over doctrine and authority, but England was slowly won over to the faith. It is significant that the Christian missionaries were allowed considerable freedom in their labors. There is not a single instance recorded in which any of them suffered *martyrdom* in the cause they espoused. Within a hundred years of the landing of Augustine in Kent, all England was Christian.
ȴϢο hellog heldio ƥĤϡ#5686. B&C 60 "Latin Influence of the Second Period" 1ɼ¶Ѥޤ ([2024-11-20-1]) ˵ꤴȤB&C ɼ¶Ѥϡ»ܤƤȻפޤ

Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2013.
ī Voicy heldio #1274. ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤ (60-2) Latin Influence of the Second Period --- Taku ɼ¶ѡۿޤ4ۿ#1270. ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤ (60-1) Latin Influence of the Second Period --- ɼ¶ѡ³ԤǤhellog ǤƱݤε [2024-11-20-1] Ƥޤˡ
ɼ¶ѡפʤΤϡ#5291. heldio ΡֱѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤץĴ˿ʤǤޤ ([2023-10-22-1]) ΰĤȤơȤĤĤϤƤΤǤ˰³ MC Ȥʳءˤˤб餤ޤVoicy ΥܼϿʥ饤˵ǽѤƤߤΤǤ⽽ʬ˥ꥢǤ
ɲս60 "Latin Influence of the Second Period: The Christianizing of Britain" 2ǤۤĹʤ1Taku 60ʬƤäɤߤޤ¤˭ɥǤɤΥꥹȶ˺äƤ˥åä⤹뤯Ǥ֤ΤȤˡоݥƥȡBaugh and Cable, p. 79 ʲ˷ǺܡˤɤʤĶɤΤ⤷ǽƤС
It is not easy to appreciate the difficulty of the task that lay before this small band. Their problem was not so much to substitute one ritual for another as to change the philosophy of a nation. The religion that the Anglo-Saxons shared with the other Germanic tribes seems to have had but a slight hold on the people at the close of the sixth century; but their habits of mind, their ideals, and the action to which these gave rise were often in sharp contrast to the teachings of the New Testament. Germanic philosophy exalted physical courage, independence even to haughtiness, and loyalty to one's family or leader that left no wrong unavenged. Christianity preached meekness, humility, and patience under suffering and said that if a man struck you on one cheek you should turn the other. Clearly it was no small task that Augustine and his forty monks faced in trying to alter the age-old mental habits of such a people. They might even have expected difficulty in obtaining a respectful hearing. But they seem to have been men of exemplary lives, appealing personality, and devotion to purpose, and they owed their ultimate success as much to what they were as to what they said. Fortunately, upon their arrival in England one circumstance was in their favor. There was in the kingdom of Kent, in which they landed, a small number of Christians. But the number, though small, included no less a person than the queen. Æthelberht, the king, had sought his wife among the powerful nation of the Franks, and the princess Bertha had been given to him only on condition that she be allowed to continue undisturbed in her Christian faith. Æthelberht set up a small chapel near his palace in Kentwarabyrig (Canterbury), and there the priest who accompanied Bertha to England conducted regular services for her and the numerous dependents whom she brought with her. The circumstances under which Æthelberht received Augustine and his companions are related in the extract from Bede given §47 earlier. Æthelberht was himself baptized within three months, and his example was followed by numbers of his subjects. By the time Augustine died seven years later, the kingdom of Kent had become wholly Christian.
ȴϢο hellog heldio ƥĤϡ#5686. B&C 60 "Latin Influence of the Second Period" 1ɼ¶Ѥޤ ([2024-11-20-1]) ˵ꤴȤB&C ɼ¶Ѥϡ»ܤƤȻפޤ

Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2013.
īۿ줿 Voicy heldio ˤ#1270. ѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤ (60-1) Latin Influence of the Second Period --- ɼ¶ѡϤƤޤѸˤθŵŪ̾ɤॷϤä³Ƥꡤ60ޤǿʤǤޤ264ᤢܤʤΤǡޤޤǤϤޤХåʥСϡ#5291. heldio ΡֱѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤץĴ˿ʤǤޤ ([2023-10-22-1]) ꤴޤ
˥åʥʤΤ̾ Voicy heldio ͭۿȤƤϤƤΤǤޤ˰ɤƤơɼ¶ѡפեǤϤƤޤɲϡʳءˤ˻ڤäƤޤơhelwa ꥹʡ濴7̤̾ǻäޤlacolaco ykagata ƣ蘆פäĤLilimi ϽؤˡؤǮɽȤʤޤʤʤɲȤۤƱСǡرѸ츻ŵ٤ɽ⤿ޤ˳ŤƤޤheldio #1266. chair sit --- رѸ츻ŵɲ with lacolaco İ
ɲս60 "Latin Influence of the Second Period: The Christianizing of Britain" ǤűѸˤƥαƶˤĤơɤΥꥹȶȤδϢƤޤ3ʤǤ1֤ۤɤƺǽ1ΤߤĶɤƽޤܥ٤®٤Τۤɤ狼뤫Ȼפޤˡʲƥ (Baugh and Cable, pp. 78--79) Ǻܤޤ
60. Latin Influence of the Second Period: The Christianizing of Britain The greatest influence of Latin upon Old English was occasioned by the conversion of Britain to Roman Christianity beginning in 597. The religion was far from new in the island, because Irish monks had been preaching the gospel in the north since the founding of the monastery of Iona by Columba in 563. However, 597 marks the beginning of a systematic attempt on the part of Rome to convert the inhabitants and make England a Christian country. According to the well-known story reported by Bede as a tradition current in his day, the mission of St. Augustine was inspired by an experience of the man who later became Pope Gregory the Great. Walking one morning in the marketplace at Rome, he came upon some fair-haired boys about to be sold as slaves and was told that they were from the island of Britain and were pagans. "Alas! what pity," said he, "that the author of darkness is possessed of men of such fair countenances, and that being remarkable for such a graceful exterior, their minds should be void of inward grace?" He therefore again asked, what was the name of that nation and was answered, that they were called Angles. "Right," said he, "for they have an angelic face, and it is fitting that such should be co-heirs with the angels in heaven. What is the name," proceeded he, "of the province from which they are brought?" It was replied that the natives of that province were called Deiri. "Truly are they de ira," said he, "plucked from wrath, and called to the mercy of Christ. How is the king of that province called?" They told him his name was Ælla; and he, alluding to the name, said "Alleluia, the praise of God the Creator, must be sung in those parts." The same tradition records that Gregory wished himself to undertake the mission to Britain but could not be spared. Some years later, however, when he had become pope, he had not forgotten his former intention and looked about for someone whom he could send at the head of a missionary band. Augustine, the person of his choice, was a man well known to him. The two had lived together in the same monastery, and Gregory knew him to be modest and devout and thought him well suited to the task assigned him. With a little company of about forty monks Augustine set out for what seemed then like the end of the earth.
ȴϢο hellog heldio ƥĤ¿ƤΤǡʲ˥ĥäƤޤ
Ρhellog
#2902. Pope Gregory Υꥹȶ۶ˤۤȥ ([2017-04-07-1])
#5526. Pope Gregory ΥθܤǤߤ ([2024-06-13-1])
#5444. űѸθʸɤ --- 597ǯɤǥꥹȶ۶Ϥޤ ([2024-03-23-1])
#5450. heldio ο͵ --- ֥ؤ֤ϤƤθűѸ --- Part 4 with Ͻؤ and ޤˤס ([2024-03-29-1])
#5476. ֥ؤ֤ϤƤθűѸ Part 5 with Ͻؤ and ޤˤ ([2024-04-24-1])
#5497. ֥ؤ֤ϤƤθűѸ Part 6 with Ͻؤ and ޤˤ ([2024-05-15-1])
#5514. ֥ؤ֤ϤƤθűѸ Part 7 with Ͻؤ and ޤˤ ([2024-06-01-1])
#5527. ֥ؤ֤ϤƤθűѸ Part 8 with Ͻؤ and ޤˤ and ¤ ([2024-06-14-1])
Ρheldio ƥġ
#1030. ֤ϤƤθűѸ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ
#1057. ֤ϤƤθűѸ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ (2)
#1078. ֤ϤƤθűѸ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ (3)
#1093.֤ϤƤθűѸ7ơ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ (4)
#1107. ֤ϤƤθűѸ8ơ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ (5)
⤳ɥ³Ƥޤ Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2013. ꤷơդ礤С

Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2013.
66ڡˤ롤Voicy heldio #1107. ֤ϤƤθűѸ8ơ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ (5)Ϥޤ饤Ǥİˤϡ夲ƤޤƤ꤬Ȥޤ
8ƤȤʤ괶ФƤޤʤ3ͤ˲äűѸ칶Ƥʤ¤ءˤʹȤƽб餷Ƥޤꤵ˥ꥹʡɽȤѤʵꤲƤΤǡʰʾ˳ؤ٤ȤʤäƤޤ̤ȤơޤǤȤϰۤʤ뤪⤷ϤǤȻפޤ
³ Bede رѹ̱ˡ (Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum [= Ecclesiastical History of the English People]) θűѸ1ɤ߿ʤޤűѸ츶ʸ hellog #5444. űѸθʸɤ --- 597ǯɤǥꥹȶ۶Ϥޤ ([2024-03-23-1]) ˷ǺܤƤޤ1κǸ "Þæt wīf" ǻϤޤ1ʸĶɤޤ硤³ˡʲˡˡط̾ʤɤŪʴ⡤ưưΰ̣Ѳδ⡤ѸŪ˭٤1ʸȤʤäƤޤʸ黶ʸؤʸػŪήˤĤƤƤޤ
1ּˤ錄ʸŪɼ¶ѤȤʤäƤޤָűѸڤפȤݤǤϤƤޤΤǡҥåƳڤߤʤ餪İ˰³4ͤ#1108. ֤ϤƤθűѸ8ƤΥեȡϿޤ3ͤγơˤűѸ첻ɥʡ⤢ޤҤİ褯
⥷³Ƥޤ Bede ΥΤ褤Ȥޤǽ줿Τǡ̤θűѸƥȤڤؤ褦ȻפäƤޤɤԤ

523ڡˤ롤Voicy heldio ˤ#1093.֤ϤƤθűѸ7ơ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ (4)Ϥޤ饤ǤİˤϡꤲߤΥȤޤƤ꤬Ȥޤ
⤪Ͻʾءˤӡ֤ޤˤפĿ¢رءˤǤ3ͤǸۿƤޤ
оݥƥȤϡ˰³Bede ˤƥ蘆줿رѹ̱ˡ (Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum [= Ecclesiastical History of the English People]) θűѸ1Ǥʸϡhellog Ρ#5444. űѸθʸɤ --- 597ǯɤǥꥹȶ۶Ϥޤ ([2024-03-23-1]) ˷ǺܤƤޤ
ϡŪƱȸ硤ˡޤưޤΤ餤ʸȯã˴ؤǵ夬ޤϿ塤3ͤΤ֤Ȥ#1094. ֤ϤƤθűѸ7ƤΥեȡƤޤΤǡҤİ
ޤǤΡ֤ϤƤθűѸץƤޤ
(1) #822. ؤ֤ϤƤθűѸ --- Part 1 with Ͻؤ and ޤˤ
(2) #829. ؤ֤ϤƤθűѸ --- Part 2 with Ͻؤ and ޤˤ
(3) #836. ؤ֤ϤƤθűѸ --- Part 3 with Ͻؤ and ޤˤ
(4) #1030. ֤ϤƤθűѸ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ
(5) #1057. ֤ϤƤθűѸ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ (2)
(6) #1078. ֤ϤƤθűѸ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ (3)
(7) #1093.֤ϤƤθűѸ7ơ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ (4)
⤪ڤߤˡ

59ڡˤ롤Voicy heldio ˤ#1078. ֤ϤƤθűѸ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ (3)Ϥޤ饤ǤİˤϡꤲߤΥȤޤƤ꤬Ȥޤ
оݥƥȤϡ˰³Bede ˤƥ蘆줿رѹ̱ˡ (Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum [= Ecclesiastical History of the English People]) θűѸ1Ǥʸϡhellog Ρ#5444. űѸθʸɤ --- 597ǯɤǥꥹȶ۶Ϥޤ ([2024-03-23-1]) ˷ǺܤƤޤΤǡˤʤʤ餪İ
Ԥ Bede ˤĤƤϡheldio #1029. ºե١ --- The Venerable BedeˤƲ⤷ƤޤΤǡ⤪İ
ϡűѸưޤꡤȤ櫓䲾ˡ˿뵡¿ޤޤ괧 the ζޤˤĤƤޤ˽бԤ1֤ޤˤפȿĿФ¢رءȤ note Ȥʤ뵭֥ؤ ϤƤθűѸ(#6 3)ƤΤǡ碌ƤȤ
ޤǤΡ֤ϤƤθűѸץƤޤ
(1) #822. ؤ֤ϤƤθűѸ --- Part 1 with Ͻؤ and ޤˤ
(2) #829. ؤ֤ϤƤθűѸ --- Part 2 with Ͻؤ and ޤˤ
(3) #836. ؤ֤ϤƤθűѸ --- Part 3 with Ͻؤ and ޤˤ
(4) #1030. ֤ϤƤθűѸ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ
(5) #1057. ֤ϤƤθűѸ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ (2)
(6) #1078. ֤ϤƤθűѸ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ (3)
ܲ Part 7 ˸3ͤȤսǤ

418ڡˤ롤Voicy heldio ˤ#1057. ֤ϤƤθűѸ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ (2)Ϥޤ饤Ǥİꥹʡˤϡ夲Ƥդޤ
˰³оݤȤʤäƥȤϡBede ˤƥ蘆줿رѹ̱ˡ (Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum [= Ecclesiastical History of the English People]) θűѸ1Ǥ3ͤ60ʬۤɤƤ鷺1.5ʸʤߤޤǤĶɡ⤷ȤȤǤФȻפޤƱƥȤ hellog Ρ#5444. űѸθʸɤ --- 597ǯɤǥꥹȶ۶Ϥޤ ([2024-03-23-1]) ˷ǺܤƤޤ
Bede ˤĤƤϡheldio #1029. ºե١ --- The Venerable BedeˤƲ⤷ƤޤΤǡ⤪İ
ΤˡޤǤΡ֤ϤƤθűѸץƤޤ
(1) #822. ؤ֤ϤƤθűѸ --- Part 1 with Ͻؤ and ޤˤ
(2) #829. ؤ֤ϤƤθűѸ --- Part 2 with Ͻؤ and ޤˤ
(3) #836. ؤ֤ϤƤθűѸ --- Part 3 with Ͻؤ and ޤˤ
(4) #1030. ֤ϤƤθűѸ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ
(5) #1057. ֤ϤƤθűѸ with Ͻؤ&ޤˤ --- Bede ɤ (2)
5ƤμϿˤĤƤϡץߥۿֱͥѸˤء (helwa) Τۤ֡ڱѸˤ #111֤ۡϤƤθűѸȿʲեȡȤƤäƤޤΤǡؿΤϤ helwa ؤ꤯
ǸˡܥбԤϽؤʾء֤ޤˤפȿĿФ¢رءˤĤƤϡʲε
#5445. ϽؤȤhelʤޤȤˡ ([2024-03-24-1])
#5446. ޤˤȤhelʤޤȤˡ ([2024-03-25-1])
Τۤɤꤤפޤܥ6Ƥ⤪ڤߤˡ
731ǯӡ (뤤ϥ١Bede [673--735]) ˤƥ蘆줿رѹ̱ˡ (Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum [= Ecclesiastical History of the English People]) ϡ奤ɻˤŤʥƥȤǤ롥˥եå粦 (849--99) λؼΤȤǸűѸƤ롥
597ǯޤνƻΤǡ˥٥νʶȤʤ St. Augustine (?--604) ɤ۶ˤäƤɻ˾夭ƽʤǯ˵äˤĤơBede θűѸǤɤǤߤʲѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable (pp. 58--60) ˷ǺܤƤűѸ츶ʸƸ롥
Ða wæs on þā tīd Æþelbeorht cyning hāten on Centrīce, and mihtig: hē hæfde rīce oð gemǣru Humbre strēames, sē tōscādeþ sūðfolc Angelþēode and norðfolc. Þonne is on ēasteweardre Cent micel ēaland, Tenet, þæt is siex hund hīda micel æfter Angelcynnes eahte. . . . On þyssum ēalande cōm ūp sē Godes þēow Augustinus and his gefēran; wæs hē fēowertiga sum. Nāmon hīe ēac swelce him wealhstodas of Franclande mid, swā him Sanctus Gregorius bebēad. And þā sende to Æþelbeorhte ǣrendwrecan and onbēad þæt hē of Rōme cōme and þæt betste ǣrende lǣdde; and sē þe him hīersum bēon wolde, būton twēon he gehēt ēcne gefēan on heofonum and tōweard rīce būton ende mid þone sōþan God and þone lifigendan. Ðā hē þā sē cyning þās word gehīerde, þa hēt hē hīe bīdan on þæm ēalande þe hīe ūp cōmon; and him þider hiera þearfe forgēaf, oð þæt hē gesāwe hwæt hē him dōn wolde. Swelce ēac ǣr þǣm becōm hlīsa tō him þǣre crīstenan ǣfæstnesse, forþon hē crīsten wīf hæfde, him gegiefen of Francena cyningcynne, Beorhte wæs hāten. Þæt wīf hē onfēng fram hiere ieldrum þǣre ārǣdnesse þæt hēo his lēafnesse hæfde þæt hēo þone þēaw þæs crīstenan gelēafan and hiere ǣfæstnesse ungewemmedne healdan mōste mid þȳ biscope, þone þe hīe hiere tō fultume þæs gelēafan sealdon, þæs nama wæs Lēodheard.
Ðā wæs æfter manigum dagum þæt sē cyning cōm tō þǣm ēalande, and hēt him ūte setl gewyrcean; and hēt Augustinum mid his gefērum þider tō his sprǣce cuman. Warnode hē him þȳ lǣs hīe on hwelc hūs tō him inēoden; brēac ealdre hēalsunga, gif hīe hwelcne drȳcræft hæfden þæt hīe hine oferswīðan and beswīcan sceolden. . . . Þā hēt sē cyning hīe sittan, and hīe swā dydon; and hīe sōna him līfes word ætgædere mid eallum his gefērum þe þǣr æt wǣron, bodedon and lǣrdon. Þā andswarode sē cyning and þus cwæð: "Fæger word þis sindon and gehāt þe gē brōhton and ūs secgað. Ac forðon hīe nīwe sindon and uncūðe, ne magon wē nū gēn þæt þafian þæt wē forlǣten þā wīsan þe wē langre tīde mid ealle Angelþēode hēoldon. Ac forðon þe gē hider feorran elþēodige cōmon and, þæs þe mē geþūht is and gesewen, þā þing, ðā ðe [gē] sōð and betst gelīefdon, þæt ēac swelce wilnodon ūs þā gemǣnsumian, nellað wē forðon ēow hefige bēon. Ac wē willað ēow ēac fremsumlīce on giestlīðnesse onfōn and ēow andleofne sellan and ēowre þearfe forgiefan. Ne wē ēow beweriað þæt gē ealle, ðā þe gē mægen, þurh ēowre lāre tō ēowres gelēafan ǣfæstnesse geðīeden and gecierren."
ܲBaugh and Cable αѸ˽ A History of the English Language 1᤺ǫɤǤ饤ɽ Voicy heldio ŸǤͭۿǤ1ץϻİġˡ˰ѤűѸ츶ʸޤޤƤΤ47ǡäֱѸˤθŵŪ̾ Baugh and Cable ɤ (47) The Language IllustratedǤǤϾ嵭θűѸ츶ʸϡʤĹ˲⤹Τ䰦Ƥޤ
䤦٤325ʷˤθ130ʬ heldio ˤۿޤϽʥեꥹرؤۤˤӡ֤ޤˤפĿ¢رءˤȤȤˡ֤ϤƤθűѸץΰĤȤƤ̴Ǥ嵭θűѸ츶ʸϡͽѤȤƷǤǤڤߤˡ

Bede θűѸθʸȤƤϡۤˤ#2900. 449ǯͤˤ֥ƥ翯ά ([2017-04-05-1]) ȡ
Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2013.
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