ܥ֥ǤϡѸˤˤֻ¿ˤĤޤ˿Ƽ夲Ƥäˡ#53. Ѹ through ֤515̤ ([2009-06-20-1])#5738. 516ܤ through Ĥޤ ([2025-01-11-1]) Ǽ夲 through ϡɸಽ줿ˡ˴줿䤿ˤȤäƾŪǤ餢롥
ơ through ˾ȤʤǤȶñŪ۷¿Ҳ𤷤1;ñ̾ I Ǥ롥ѸǤϥե٥å1ʸɽ蘆뤳̾줬˾塤뤤ˤơɤۤ˭ʻѤƤȤOED I (PRONOUN & NOUN2) ιܤ˷ǺܤƤ variant forms Υ1Ƥߤ뤳Ȥˤ褦
ʲˡϰθ˽줿 I ΰ۷ǼΰŪʿ˶ä뤫⤷ʤ
ich (Northumbrian), ih (Northumbrian)
ig (rare)
ic
hic, icc
yc
Hic, Hit (transmission error), hyc, Ic, Icc, ick (northern), Iic, Ik (east midlands and northern), it (transmission error), yg
ik (chiefly east midlands and northern), ike (east midlands and northern), yk
ic, ik
i
Hi, hi, Hy, ij, yi, yj
y
I
a (Yorkshire and Norfolk), e, hij, hy, j, Y
a (regional)
ah (regional), oi (regional)
ah, uh
Ah, Hi, Oy, oy, u
a (chiefly northern and north midlands)
ai (Devon), au (northern and north midlands), aye (Yorkshire), ee (northern), eh (Lancashire), eigh (Yorkshire), ha (Yorkshire), O (Yorkshire)
Aa (northern), aa (northern), Ah (northern and north midlands), ah (northern and north midlands), aw (northern and north midlands), hah (Yorkshire), Oi, oi
A (chiefly northern and north midlands), hi (Worcestershire)
i, y
a, I
Aw, aw
A, Aa, Ah, ah, Eh (Dundee), eh (Dundee), ey (Dundee)
a' (northern)
a (northern), Oi (southern), oi (southern)
A (northern), Ah (northern), ah (northern)
Oi, O'i, oi
ich
ch (probably transmission error), Hich, hich, icche, ichc, ichs, icht, ics, Ih, ih, Ihc, ihc, ihic (probably transmission error), iho (transmission error), Iich, iich, yh
ych
Ich, jch, yche
iche
ich
iche (Somerset), ichy (Dorset), ish (Devon), uch, utch, utchy (Somerset)
ich
his, is
ees (Devon), es, Iss (Devon)
ise, us (Somerset)
Ice (Somerset), is (Cornwall), ize
chee
che
ưʲ98ֻ줿A, a, a', Aa, aa, ah, Ah, ai, au, aw, Aw, aye, ch, che, chee, e, ee, ees, eh, Eh, eigh, es, ey, ha, hah, hi, Hi, Hic, hic, Hich, hich, hij, his, Hit, hy, Hy, hyc, i, I, ic, Ic, icc, Icc, icche, Ice, Ich, ich, ichc, iche, ichs, icht, ichy, ick, ics, ig, Ih, ih, Ihc, ihc, ihic, iho, Iic, Iich, iich, ij, ik, Ik, ike, is, ise, ish, Iss, it, ize, j, jch, O, O'i, Oi, oi, Oy, oy, u, uch, uh, us, utch, utchy, y, Y, yc, ych, yche, yg, yh, yi, yj, yk
ʤOED Ǥϡΰľ˼âĤƤ롥"(Capitalization in Middle English examples frequently reflects the editorial choices of modern editors of texts, rather than the practice of the manuscripts.)"
ܤˤºݤʸʸλȤʬޤǹθС۷οϤ˿줿 through 516̤ˤϵڤФʤ⤷ʤǤ⡤ä1Ĥεǽ줬Ƥ¿˶äؤʤ;̾ (personal_pronoun) Τ褦ʴܸǤ顤ܸ餳ˤ˭Ǥ롥
1620俷ʹīˤơ֥ϥإܥ礦ʸģ֤ǤספȤǺܤƤˤȡʸģϡܸΥɽˤĤƽΡַἰפѸȯ˶ᤤ֥إܥפܤȤˤžǰƤޤȤ1954ǯչ衤70ǯ֤礭ʸθľȤʤ롥
žطʤˤϡҲˤإܥιϤʿƩȤ֤롥ѥݡȤ̾ƻϩɸʤɡŪʾ̤ˤƥإܥѤƤǡعǤչ˴Ťἰ˻ƳƤꡤΡ֤ͤפĹǯβȤʤäƤ
ξԤμʰ㤤ϡἰ֤פ si֤פ ti֤ġפ tu֤աפ hu ɽΤФإܥǤϤ줾 shi, chi, tsu, fu ȡܸüԤǤϤʤѸ¾ΡüԤˤȤäȯ䤹ֻѤƤˤ롥ǰƤϡμҲŪ֤ǧɽ뤳ȤŪȤƤȤ
Ĺ餯ξʻ¸ƤȤˤĤƲƻפᤰ餻ƤΤ褤ȤΤϡDZѸˤˤֻɸಽ (standardisation) ĹפФ뤫Ѹˤϡ¿δΰ㤤顤1Ĥñ¿ֻthrough 516̤ΰֻäȤϡܥ֥Ǥ⤷Фм夲Ƥ̤Ǥcf. through) θ塤Ѥڤ伭ʸˡԻФơֻ경ɸಽƤäβǤϡ츻Ż뤹ΩȯŻ뤹Ωδ֤ǶĥطäΥɽθľ⡤ܸβηϤ¤ʷἰȡŪŻ뤹إܥȤδ֤ΡĹǯˤ錄ĥط1Ĥεȸ뤳ȤǤ
ʤǰƤǤϡĿͤΤĹǯѤƤɽºŤ졤ľѹΤǤϤʤȤƤ롥Ū˿ʤƤˤܤ
hellog ǤϡޤǤɽᤰϷ֤夲Ƥcf. romaji)) ʸģžǡʲβ⻲ͤˤ줿
#1612. ƻϩɸѸɽء ([2013-09-25-1])
#1879. ܸˤˡ ([2014-06-19-1])
#1892. ֥ΤĤŤס ([2014-07-02-1])
#1893. إܥ <sh>, <ch>, <j> ϤɤΤ餤Ѹ ([2014-07-03-1])
#3427. ἰܼإܥΥĤŤоɽ ([2018-09-14-1])
#4905. ְΡפ Aichi Aiti ([2022-10-01-1])
#4925. ɽɤȱѸ쥹ڥ ([2022-10-21-1])
#5034. إܥɽ˱ѸǤƤ롩 ([2023-02-07-1])
524ڡˤˡǯ٤ī㡼Υֺ˾äȤԻĤʱñ2Ȥơthrough --- ޤ¿ֻͤĸפɶˤƳ֤ޤVoicy heldio ˤ#1448. 524īֺ¤Ǥ through ܤޤͽ𤷤̤Ǥ
2ֺ¤Ƥ markmap Ȥ֥ġˤޥɥޥåײޤʲȤƤɤˡѤˤȤС
530ʶˡYouTube ʸ麽սPLUS ͥˤơԤ2ˤ錄ꡤֱѸ˴ؤѤʵפʤѸˤƳȡޤեʥζƣᤵȤȤˡ60ʬۤɤäƤޤ
Ԥ֡know K ϤʤȯʤֱѸˡפDZѸΥʥ狼۹ͣɬܡøѸϤϤ̸500̤ʾ֤꤬ñ"ƴ""ҿ"ѸѲꤷơ35ʬۤɤäޤưѤ֤ʤΤˡʲʸϤȤƤϤޤ
ΥȡȡԡˤǤϡѸˤ̥ϤؤӤΤ⤷ä˸Ѹ줬͡ʵʤ顤ƳŪ˲⤷Ƥޤhellog ɼԤγˤ⡤äȳڤǤƤȻפޤ
⤽ѸˤȤϡñ˱ѸȤˤɤǤϤޤθäƤ͡μҲʸˡĤޤˤ̩ܤ˷ӤĤ¤˱ʬǤϱѸˤϡֱѸפȡˡפǤȹͤƤޤ
ʤѸˤؤ֤ΤǤ礦ϡѸؽʤï⤬Ѥʵ䡤ȤСʤ3ñ -s ĤΤʤԵ§ưϤʤˤ¿ΤƤȤ櫓֤ʤѸֻȯϤۤɤޤǤ˿㤦ΤפȤä䤤ФơŪʻ¤䤫ͿƤ뤫Ǥ伫ȡˤΡ祤״Ф̥λ졤Ѹ˸ƻؤȿʤळȤˤʤޤȤǤϡΤ⤷ΰüǤ⤪ǤФȻפäƤޤ
ơȤ濴ŪȤʤäΤϡѸֻȯЪΥǤѸˤ1600ǯ֤ۤɤꡤޤ˸űѸ449--1100ǯˡѸ1100--1500ǯˡѸ1500--1900ǯˡѸ1500--ߡˤ4˶ʬޤѸǤСѤѸͥƥ֤ʤʤȤɲǽǤűѸ˻äƤϡѤƤʸۤʤꡤϤ䳰ˤʤǤ礦
ĹˤΤʤǡֻȯδ֤ˤ줬븶¿ޤȤǤϡװ3ĤۤɾҲ𤷤ޤ1ܤϡκǤäѸˤϡ¿ͤäƤɸפȤ٤Τ¸ߤޤǤλɸಽʤǤǡñֻϤȤѤ졤ȯ̤Ѥ롤Ȥ褦ʥߥޥåΤǤ㤨 busy /ˈbɪzi/ Ȥñ <u> ֻϥͳ褷/ɪ/ Ȥȯͳ褷ޤbuild <ui> Ȥֻ⡤ƱͤκʪǤ
2ܤϡͥγؼԤˤ֤ޯפʲѤǤ16ŵǤƥ䥮ꥷؤƴ줫顤ܤؼԤñθ츻ֻȿǤ褦Ȼߤޤη̡ȯʤʸ츻äưտŪ뤳ȤˤʤäΤǤŵŪ㤬 doubt <b> ʥƥ dubitāre ͳˤ receipt <p> ʥƥ recepta ͳˤǤɤ߽μʪäᡤηֻפΤȤ夷ƤޤޤΤ褦ֻϡ̤夫ؤȼѤ졤٤ȤƸ경Ƥޤֻױư깭뤳ȤФФ⤢ޤۤܤ٤Ƥ˸ߤ˻ޤ
3ܤϡʲѲǤknow knife θƬ <k> ȯʤΤϡǤĤƤ /kn/ ȯƤλҲϢ1718ˤƼޤꡤ䤬 /k/ βæޤβѲλֻ경ƤޤäƤᡤȯʤ <k> ֻˤƤϸ˻ޤǻ¸ƤȤ櫓Ǥ
ȤǤϡѸˤȤ櫓˭ֻΥꥨñȤ through ޤ䤬ĴȤǤϡñˤϼ¤516ֻޤޤűѸѸѤƤʸ <þ> (thorn) ʤ虜虜 <th> Ȥ2ʸȤ߹碌֤ƤޤäΤȤˤޤˤϡ1066ǯΥΥޥʹߤ˱Ѹήեñ줬äƤҿطޤեˤϤʤʸ <þ> ϡäפȤ졤ե <th> ѤΤ֤ޯפȸʤ褦ˤʤäΤǤѲȤϡɬǶưΤǤϤʤ֥եåפȤ٤Ūװˤ礭롤¤˿ʹֽĤߤʤΤǤ
Τ褦ˡѸˤɳȤǡѸԲIJ¦̤˸Ƥ뤳ȤǤޤѸˤμϡѸؽԤե饹ȥ졼ŪʹؤžϤäƤȤΤǤ
ȤϡѸˤƳȤơ뤤ϱѸȤؤδؿ뤭äȤơ¿ˤйǤ
323ˤ YouTube ֤Τۤإͥκǿޤ#321. through ֤515̤ȻפäƤǤޤǤɾƤޤܲİ5000ϤǤˡ
through õ˴ؤ뤳ޤǤηаޤϡ#5738. 516ܤ through Ĥޤ ([2025-01-11-1]) εˡδϢƥĤؤΥäƤޤΤǡ餫餴
through ΰֻᤰõ椬ʤ餯515̤ڤƤȤפ֤˿516̤ܤĤäȤȤǡԤδ֡ʡˤį뤫Τ褦ˤ⤷äƤƤΤޤͤϤäƿܤǤؿΤ¿ϤʤȻפޤȯΰյˤĤ heldio ͭۿ֡516̤ throughפζȤϡǸäƤޤΤǡС
hellog #5738. 516ܤ through Ĥޤ ([2025-01-11-1]) heldio #1326. through ֻ516̤ܤȯǼ夲̤ꡤܲ through ΰֻȤ516̤꤬ǧƤޤ
ΰľ AI ˥եɤ롼ԥδĤƤޤξǡ줾δ˴Ťƿ夲ɽȥҥȥ HTML ǽϤޤƤˤĤơ䤬ϤäȤ¿ޤʲνϤޤǤˤ10ʬ١ǯǤС٤ƿϤʬϥץȤȤǡɤΤ褤Ϥˤʤ褦˥塼˥ιФɬפꡤ餯1ȾϤäǤ礦Τ褦ȾеŪʺȤǤСۤ1/10λ֤ǺȤѤǤޤˤʤޤAIʬϤ®˶äʬϤΤΤդʤۤɤǤ⤷ⶲʿǤ
| ѥ | ʬ | |
|---|---|---|
| th- | 212 | |
| þ- | 188 | |
| y- | 58 | |
| ¾ | 58 |
| ѥ | ʬ | |
|---|---|---|
| ou/ow ޤ | 192 | |
| u ޤ | 169 | |
| o ޤ | 141 | |
| ¾ | 14 |
| ѥ | ʬ | |
|---|---|---|
| ¾ | 208 | |
| h | 84 | |
| gh | 62 | |
| ȝ | 58 | |
| w | 56 | |
| t/th | 48 |
| ѥ | ʬ | |
|---|---|---|
| 5-6ʸ | 326 | |
| 7ʸʾ | 131 | |
| 4ʸʲ | 59 |
| ѥ | ʬ | |
|---|---|---|
| üʸʤ | 250 | |
| þ (thorn) | 200 | |
| ȝ (yogh) | 133 | |
| ð (eth) | 1 |
| ѥ | ʬ | |
|---|---|---|
| 첻+r | 226 | |
| 첻+r+첻 | 144 | |
| r+첻 | 120 | |
| ʤ | 26 |
| ѥ | ʬ | |
|---|---|---|
| rr ޤ | 7 | |
| ff ޤ | 3 | |
| oo ޤ | 2 | |
| ¾ʽʣʸʤ | 504 |
Ѹˤˤ through ֤515̤ꤢˤĤơޤ͡ʥǥˤˤƤ
hellog #53. Ѹ through ֤515̤ ([2009-06-20-1])
hellog #54. through ֤٥10ʥ10ˡ ([2009-06-21-1])
hellog #193. 15 Chancery Standard through ΰ֤14̤ ([2009-11-06-1])
hellog #3397. Ѹ through Υֻ ([2018-08-15-1])
hellog #5006. YouTube ǡ515̤ through ä ([2023-01-10-1])
hellog #5126. ֤إ饸б2Ȥʤä515̤ through β ([2023-05-10-1])
heldio #599. YouTube515̤ throughײؤ
heldio #709. ʤƱñ¿Υڥ¸ߤΤ --- ֤إ饸б2Ȥʤä515̤ through β
helwa ֡ڱѸˤ #210ۤΤۤ515̤ through פο
YouTube ֤Τۤإͥס#91. 롼αѸǤ֤ϥޥ롼롩through Υڥ515̤ꡪŪ뤵٥10
YouTube ֤Τۤإͥס#283. αѸ through ΤĤŤ꤬515̤ꤢΤϸѲξħ
YouTube ֤إ饸ס#228. ֱѸˤȤ through ֤515̤ꤢäáڴܰñ2ۡ
伫Ȥ͡ʥ齸Ƥڵ˴Ťơ515̤פȤƤ櫓˻֤ϫϤõСۤʤֻ⤦ϸĤȤȤʬäƤƺ516ܤ through Ĥä˰ռõƤ櫓ǤϤʤΤǡֵդפۤɤɽΤ⤷ʤ
ǯ note ˤ֡2024ǯ1228αѸ˶۵®3;ʣ̾ they ᤰäƤؤʤȤäƤޤOrmulum ȤѸΥƥȤ˸ they νˤĤƲ⤷Ȥơheldio Ǥ#1319. they ν --- ǯ۵ Ormulum Ƥߤ褦ۿ
Ǽ夲ʸƷǤ褦Τʤ through ٽи롥
& swa þeȝȝ leddenn heore lif Till þatt teȝȝ wærenn alde. Þatt naffdenn ðeȝȝ þurrh þeȝȝre streon. Ne sune child. ne dohhterr.
Ĥֻ þurrh Ǥ롥Ormulum κ Orm äֻϱѸ˾ͭ̾ǡˤĤơ#2712. ѸθŪ֤ꤿ ([2016-09-29-1]) #3954. 첻Ĺûʬ褦ȤѸο ([2020-02-23-1]) εǼ夲Ƥ through 516ܤֻϡˤ Orm ŪǤ롥<u> ɽ蘆첻û첻Ǥ뤳ȤΤˡ³ <r> 2ĽŤͤƤ롥
伫ȡޤǤθ Ormulum ˤ뤳ֻˤϲ٤ȤʤƤƤꡤ̣ǤܤǤϤ˷ǤƤ515̤ through ΰˡֻϴޤޤƤʤä516ܤֻΡַŪȯפǤϤʤñˡָȤפֽϳפȤäۤ褤Ǥפ֤˵Ͽƴ
1116ˡݥˡ饹ͧˤơֱѸɸಽˡפꤷƹֱ餵Ƥޤ̡饤ǻä줿꤬ȤޤֱμĹ֤ˤ錄ä夬ޤƲǤ⳧ȵŤʸήεĤȤǤޤĤ줿ͧС˿괶տ夲ޤ
ֵΤ2ĶȤʤޤǤ֤ʤ餤ǤֵƤ markmap Ȥ֥ġѤƥޥɥޥåײޤʲȤƤɤˡ515̤ through ꤫ꡤѸˤˤŪ¿ɸಽ (standardisation) Υ롤Ǹˤ20--21Ѹ (world_englishes) ݤޤ

ĿͤȤƤ⡤YouTube ֤ΤۤإͥȤƤ⡤֤إ饸ȥѡʥƥΤ2ˡäˤʤäƤޤ
ǯνդˡ֤إ饸פˤ⤷餵ƤޤΤ1Ȥ#228. ֱѸˤȤ through ֤515̤ꤢäáڴܰñ2ۡۿƤޤ
ۿƳ515̤ through ȤȴϢơ֤إ饸פٸƤΥ饤٥ȤƤơthrough Tġפץǥ塼䤷Ƥޤ֤إ饸 åꤴޤ
through 515̤ե륰եåTġפꤷƼ掠䤵ƤޤϤʸǡǤ⤫Ȥۤ¿ through ΰ֤꤬Ф˰Ƥޤʤ515̤Τ٤Ƥ뤳ȤϤǤʤä褦Ǥˡ伫Ȥٸ3夤ޤơѤƤޤ
嵭ξΤ餻٤1110Ρ֤Τۤإͥפˤơthrough TĤϪܤޤ#283. αѸ through ΤĤŤ꤬515̤ꤢΤϸѲξħ
ޤthrough 515̤ϡĤƤΡ֤ΤۤإͥפǤ夲Ȥޤ#91. 롼αѸǤ֤ϥޥ롼롩through Υڥ515̤ꡪŪ뤵٥10碌Ƥɤ
hellog Voicy heldio Ǥ⡤ϢƤޤΤǻͤޤǡ
hellog #53. Ѹ through ֤515̤ ([2009-06-20-1])
hellog #54. through ֤٥10ʥ10ˡ ([2009-06-21-1])
hellog #193. 15 Chancery Standard through ΰ֤14̤ ([2009-11-06-1])
hellog #3397. Ѹ through Υֻ ([2018-08-15-1])
hellog #5006. YouTube ǡ515̤ through ä ([2023-01-10-1])
hellog #5126. ֤إ饸б2Ȥʤä515̤ through β ([2023-05-10-1])
heldio #709. ʤƱñ¿Υڥ¸ߤΤ --- ֤إ饸б2Ȥʤä515̤ through β
heldio #599. YouTube515̤ throughײؤ
ͤˤ through ΰֻ˴ؿƤС
֤إ饸פ餳hellog~Ѹ˥֥Ǥ줿
(1) ܥ֥Υȥå500
(2) note Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)פ͵50
(3) note ֤٥ ֤إ饸סߡְʼδѸظإͥסߡVoicy Ѹθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)ס
äȤܤƤ餤ΤϡѸ1100--1500ǯˤ through Υڥ515̤ꤢäȤλ¤ǤΥȥԥåˤĤƤϻϵΤ뤿Ӥ¾͡ʥǥȯƤޤ餯ܤˤ϶κΤ褦˱ǤΤǤϤʤȻפޤ
⤫Ǥ뵿ϡʤƱñʤΤˤۤ¿ΥڥѤƤΤؤǻʤǤϤʤȤΤǤεǤ͡ξQϹͤʤǤʤλ𤬤äΤǤˤĤƺī Voicy ֱѸθ츻ȤˤĤ饸 (heldio)פǤäޤ#709. ʤƱñ¿Υڥ¸ߤΤ --- ֤إ饸б2Ȥʤä515̤ through βİ
Ϥ䡤Ѹ through ʤȾάֻ thru 餤ˡˤˤޤȤޤäƤơ꤬Ǥ͡
ǯ226ˡƱνΰʼ YouTube ְͥʼδѸظإͥϤޤʹߡ轵쥮顼ǿ塦θ6ۿƤޤǿưϡ줿91Ƥ֤~αѸǤ֤ϥޥ롼롩through Υڥ515̤ꡪŪ뤵٥10Ǥ
Ѹ˾塤ֻ졦 through ϤɤΤ褦֤ƤΤǤ礦Ѹ1300--1500ǯˤ濴˻䤬Ĵƿ夲̡515̤ΰۤʤֻǧƤޤOED MED Τ褦˱Ѹ켭Helsinki Corpus, LAEME, LALME Τ褦˱Ѹ쥳ѥ˱ѸϿޤʤɡȤäƤߤ̤ǤõФäȤȻפޤ
ɸѸ줬ԺߤäѸˤϡ̻ (scribe) ȸƤФϡȯ˽äơνʤ˱ơֻ͡ñȤޤƱ̻Ʊñۤʤ뵡˰ۤʤֻ֤뤳ȤӻǤȤ櫓 through Ȥˤäȯ͡äᡤҲ첻Ȥ߹碌˭٤ǡ515̤ȤʤֻƤޤäΤǤ
Ϣ hellog Ǥ⤷Фм夲ƤޤʲȤ
#53. Ѹ through ֤515̤ ([2009-06-20-1])
#54. through ֤٥10ʥ10ˡ ([2009-06-21-1])
#3397. Ѹ through Υֻ ([2018-08-15-1])
#193. 15 Chancery Standard through ΰ֤14̤ ([2009-11-06-1])
#219. eyes ɽ172ֻ̤ ([2009-12-02-1])
#2520. Ѹ134 "such" ΰֻ ([2016-03-21-1])
#1720. Shakespeare ֤ ([2014-01-11-1])
515̤ through YouTube ǤϤǤμϿäơ־ƻפѰդޤäǤΤǡʲ PDF ǸƤޤ
֤A4ѻ10515̤ through ֻߤͤ (PDF)
֤A4ѻ11̤ through ֻ礭515ڡλ (PDF)
Ĥ֥֡٥ȡʥȡ10פ through ֻ10ڡλ (PDF)
ֻȴϢơƱ YouTube ͥŪǶᥢåפ줿83֥СȡɥRobert CawdreyˤαѱѼϤ뤤⤴Фȡcf. #4978. æϷϼΥ --- Cawdrey ˤѸ˾αѱѼϥե٥åȽ礬Ǥ ([2022-12-13-1])ˡ
#53. Ѹ through ֤515̤ ([2009-06-20-1])#54. through ֤٥10ʥ10ˡ ([2009-06-21-1]) ǾҲ𤷤褦ˡѸ through ֻϡꥨ˭٤Ǥ롥ǤϤΤ515ֻ̤ϥեʸΰǤΡˡåΡʾάʤɤŸΡˡդʸʸʸΰ㤤̵̵ͭ뤹С444̤Ȥʤ롥444ֻ̤ˤĤơɸֻ through ˤɤƤ뤫String::Similarity Ȥ Perl Υ⥸塼ѤƷƤߤ٤륢르ꥺϡʸѴι (Levenshtein edit distance) ˴ŤΤǤ롥˰פƤ 1.0000 ͤꡤޤäۤʤ 0.0000 ǤϡֻƤ褦
| Similarity | Spellings |
|---|---|
| 1.0000 | through |
| 0.9333 | thorough, throughe, throught |
| 0.9231 | throgh, throug, throuh, thrugh, trough |
| 0.8750 | thoroughe, thorought |
| 0.8571 | thorogh, thorouh, thorugh, thourgh, throȝgh, throghe, throght, throwgh, thrughe, thrught |
| 0.8333 | thogh, throu, thrug, thruh, trogh, trugh |
| 0.8000 | thoroghe, thoroght, thorouȝh, thorowgh, thorughe, thorught, thourghe, thourght, throȝghe, throghet, throghte, throighe, throuȝht, throuche, throwght, thrughte |
| 0.7692 | þrough, thorgh, thorou, thoruh, thourh, throȝh, throch, throuȝ, throue, throwg, throwh, thruch, thruth, thrwgh, thrygh, thurgh, thwrgh, troght, trowgh, trughe, trught |
| 0.7500 | thorowghe, thorowght |
| 0.7273 | thro |
| 0.7143 | þorough, þrought, thorȝoh, thorghe, thorght, thorghw, thorgth, thorohe, thorouȝ, thorowg, thorowh, thorrou, thoruȝh, thoruth, thorwgh, thourhe, thourth, thourwg, thowrgh, throȝhe, throcht, throuȝe, throwth, thruȝhe, thrwght, thurgeh, thurghe, thurght, thurgth, thurhgh, trowght, yorough |
| 0.6667 | þorought, þough, þrogh, þroughte, þrouh, þrugh, thorg, thorghwe, thorh, thoro, thorowth, thorowut, thoru, thour, throȝ, throw, thruȝ, thrue, thuht, thurg, thurghte, thurh, thuro, thuru, torgh, yrogh, yrugh |
| 0.6154 | þorogh, þorouh, þorugh, þourgh, þroȝgh, þroghe, þrouȝh, þrouhe, þrouht, þrowgh, þurugh, thorȝh, thorch, thoroo, thorow, thorth, thoruȝ, thorue, thorur, thorwh, thourȝ, thoure, thourr, thourw, thowur, throȝe, throȝt, throve, throwȝ, throwe, throwr, thruȝe, thrvoo, thurȝh, thurch, thurge, thurhe, thurow, thurth, torghe, trghug, yhurgh, yorugh, yourgh |
| 0.5714 | þoroghe, þorouȝh, þorowgh, þorught, þourght, þrouȝth, þrowghe, þurughe, thorowȝ, thorowe, thorrow, thorthe, thourȝe, thourow, thowrow, thrawth, throwȝe, thurȝhg, thurȝth, thurgwe, thurhge, thurowe, thurthe, yhurght, yourghe |
| 0.5455 | þrou, þruh, thow, thrw, thur, trow, yrou |
| 0.5333 | þorowghe, þorrughe, thorowȝt |
| 0.5000 | þorgh, þorou, þorug, þoruh, þourg, þourh, þroȝh, þroth, þrouȝ, þrowh, þurgh, þwrgh, ȝorgh, thorȝ, thorv, thorw, thowe, thowr, threw, thrwe, thurȝ, thurv, thurw, thwrw, trowe, yhorh, yhoru, yhrow, yorgh, yorou, yoruh, yourh, yurgh |
| 0.4615 | þhorow, þorghȝ, þorghe, þorght, þorguh, þorouȝ, þoroue, þorour, þorowh, þoruȝh, þorugȝ, þoruhg, þoruth, þorwgh, þourȝh, þourgȝ, þourth, þroȝth, þrouȝe, þrouȝt, þurgȝh, þurghȝ, þurghe, þurght, þuruch, dorwgh, dourȝh, drowgȝ, durghe, tþourȝ, thorȝe, thorȝt, thorȝw, thorew, thorwȝ, thorwe, thurȝe, thurȝt, thurew, thurwe, yorghe, yoroue, yorour, yourch, yurghe, yurght |
| 0.4286 | þorouȝe, þorouȝt, þorouwȝ, þorowth, þrouȝte, thorȝwe, thorewe, thorffe, thorwȝe, thowffe, trowffe |
| 0.4000 | þro |
| 0.3636 | ðoru, þorg, þorh, þoro, þoru, þouȝ, þour, þroȝ, þrow, þruȝ, þurg, þurh, þuro, þuru, ȝoru, ȝour, torw, twrw, yorh, yoro, yoru, your, yrow, yruȝ, yurg, yurh, yuru |
| 0.3333 | þerow, þerue, þhurȝ, þorȝh, þorch, þoreu, þorgȝ, þoroȝ, þorow, þorth, þoruþ, þoruȝ, þorue, þorwh, þouȝt, þourþ, þourȝ, þourt, þourw, þroȝe, þroȝt, þrowþ, þrowȝ, þrowe, þruȝe, þurȝg, þurȝh, þurch, þureh, þurhg, þurht, þurow, þurru, þurth, þuruȝ, þurut, ȝoruȝ, ȝurch, doruȝ, torwe, yoȝou, yorch, yorow, yoruȝ, yourȝ, yourw, yurch, yurhg, yurht, yurth, yurwh |
| 0.3077 | þorȝhȝ, þorowþ, þorowe, þorrow, þoruȝe, þoruȝt, þorwgȝ, þorwhe, þorwth, þourȝe, þourȝt, þourȝw, þourow, þouruȝ, þourwe, þrorow, þrowȝe, þurȝhg, þurȝth, þurthe, ȝoruȝt, yerowe, yorowe, yurowe, yurthe |
| 0.2857 | þrorowe |
| 0.2000 | þor, þur |
| 0.1818 | þarȝ, þorþ, þorȝ, þore, þorv, þorw, þowr, þurþ, þurȝ, þurf, þurw, ȝorw, ȝowr, dorw, yorȝ, yora, yorw, yowr, yurȝ, yurw |
| 0.1667 | þerew, þorȝe, þorȝt, þoreȝ, þorew, þorwȝ, þorwe, þowre, þurȝe, þurȝt, þureȝ, þurwȝ, þurwe, dorwe, durwe, yorwe, yowrw, yurȝe |
| 0.1538 | þorewȝ, þorewe, þorwȝe, þorwtȝ |
ʤɤñ䲻ΰ֤ߤ˸ž (metathesis) βϡѲΥᥫ˥1ĤȤƤ褯ΤƤ롥#60. ž ( metathesis ) ([2009-06-27-1]) ϤȤơmetathesis εǰäƤѸˤŵŪȤ through βž롥#55. through θ츻 ([2009-06-22-1]) ǵ̤ꡤűѸ þurh u r ֤Ҥä֤Ȥ顤 through θޤ줿ȤƤ롥
Samuels (17) ϡɬʲžǤϤʤǽȻŦ롥
. . . the order of /r/ and a vowel may be reversed, as in L. *turbulare > Fr. troubler, OE þridda > third, OE þurh > through, Sc. dial. /mɔdrən/ 'modern'; this may amount to no more than insertion of a glide-vowel and misinterpretation of the stress (OE worhte > worohte > wrohte 'wrought', þurh > þuruh > ME þorouȝ > through).
ʤۤɡϤߤФⲻžäΤ褦worohte þuruh Τ褦 r ξ¦첻褦ֻʸڤΤǤС1ĤǤϤʤʣβϢ³ȤΤƵ뤳ȤϤǤʤSamuels ϡ r θ첻Ϥ겻Ȥ졤θ˶֤첻ؤȰܤäȤǽͤƤ뤬ϤäüŪˤϡr θ˿첻졤³첻üȤ2ĤϢ³Ȥ
Samuels ϿβǽƤˤä˶ĥƤ櫓ǤϤʤޤϤ겻ꤷˤűѸ ascian > axian fiscas > fixas Τ褦ˤϡƱŬѤǤʤäơžȤΤΤ褦ʰոǤϤʤǤ⡤Τʸڤֻ¸ߤθơȤϰۤʤ륢ǥǽȤˤϡ롥
through ֻˤĤƤϡ#53. Ѹ through ֤515̤ ([2009-06-20-1])#193. 15 Chancery Standard through ΰ֤14̤ ([2009-11-06-1]) ȡwrought ˤĤƤϡ#2117. playwright ([2015-02-12-1]) ȡthree/third ˴ؤƤϡ#92. third βžϤĵä ([2009-07-28-1])#93. third βžϤĵä (2) ([2009-07-29-1]) ȡ
Samuels, M. L. Linguistic Evolution with Special Reference to English. London: CUP, 1972.
[2009-06-21-1], [2009-06-20-1]Ѹˤ through ΰ֤꤬515̤ꤢäȤ˼夲ѸλǤꡤֻˤȿǤ줿̡ȤǤʤΰ֤꤬ʤ줿Ѹˤʤȡ˽ɸबƤޤŪʰ̣ǤΡɸפǤϤʤɸಽؤβߤȤʤֻפƤѼǤ롥ϥɥθʸѤ줿ѼǡChancery Standard ȤΤƤ롥15 Chancery Standard ΥѥĴ Fisher et al. ˤȡthrough ΰ֤Ϥλ14ˤޤǹʤƤʣΰ֤꤬ǸŪʰ̣ǤΡɸפǤϤʤȤΤ뤬515̤⤢äľλ٤гʤοǤ롥ʲѥٿȤȤ˰֤롥
through (1), thurgh (4), þurgh (3), thorugh (2), thourgh (1), throu (1), thorogh (1), throgh (1), thorwe (1), thorwgh (1), thorw (1), thorow (1), þorow (1), þorowe (1)
Chancery English ʳΥѥȤС¾ΰ֤⤤ޤ˭٤¸ߤƤȿ¬뤬15αѸνդɸಽؤƻϤȤϴְ㤤ʤ
ʤߤˡƸǸ thru ֤ϡѸ줫ΰ֤ˤȤڤΥƹͤ٤Ǥ롥ºݤˡѸ515̤Τʤ thru ¸ߤʤѸ through ȤƤ褦䤯ɸಽ줿֤꤬ǯƸ thru ʤ֤ƤȤȤϡˤչԤƤ褦Ǥ⤷
Fisher, John H., Malcolm Richardson, and Jane L. Fisher, comps. An Anthology of Chancery English. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 1984. 392.
Nevalainen, Terttu. An Introduction to Early Modern English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2006. 30.
Smith, Jeremy J. An Historical Study of English: Function, Form and Change. London: Routledge, 1996. 68, 76.
through ꤬³³ƱñˤĤơ
θϸűѸǤ þurh ȤäѸǤ֤ӤƤ狼Τϡ첻 <r> ΰ֤Ҥä֤äƤ뤳ȤǤ롥ž ( metathesis ) ȤФ븽ݤǡñˤиְ㤤Ǥ뤬through Τ褦ɸȤ夷⾯ʤʤ
Ѹ515̤֤įƤȡžεäƤΤȵäƤʤΤߤƤ뤳Ȥʬ롥
through ѸˤȤƼ夲硤metathesis ¤Ǥ⤦ġֶȼʬפˤĤƿ줿Ƥθ̾϶ʤΡּפȤȯ줿Ȥơִפΰ̣ĴȤˤ϶ΡֶפȤȯ줿ơȤ첻;פ줿Τ thorough Ȥ夷515̤ΰ֤ΤʤˤϡΤ thorough 䤽֤ǧ롥
äơ through thorough ϰĤñμȶˤʤä櫓ʻ̣ʬ̤θȤ夷櫓Ǥ롥κˤäƸߤ̤θȤʤäƤ¾ȤƤϡone / a(n) off / of ʤɤ롥
[2009-06-20-1]ε through ֤꤬ѸǤ515̤ꤢäȤҲ𤷤ǽ˺줿Τɤ餳Τ褦ʾ뤫ȤȤǤ롥ޤðǰѸΥƥȤߤĤ֤ɤǡİ through Ȥܤ֤äȼȤ櫓ǤϤʤޤŻҥѥȤƥȤǽˤʤäƤȤƤ⡤lemmatiseʸФ첽ˤƤʤС⤽⸡ˤɤ֤ϤФΤǤ롥
ˡΰĤȤ Oxford English Dictionary ( OED ) Ѥ롥εˤαѱѼϡűѸ줫鸽ѸޤǤγñΰ֤¿ǺܤƤ롥ΤŪ˻ȤˡOED through Ƥߤȡΰ֤ꤷʤ
⤦ĤˡϡA Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English ( LALME ) ѤǤ롥ϡФ줿ܸΰ֤꤬֥ƥϿޤξ˥ץåȤƤϿޡפǤ롥ϸѸ˸¤ƤΤΡ֤긦ˤȤäƤϵˤΥġǤ롥 through ΰ֤ LALME ǤǤˤޤȤƤꥹȤǤǤ롥LALME νѸλԤȤ LAEME ʤΤ⤢ꡤϥ饤ѲǽʤΤǡһ줿URLˡ
ơ515̤įƤܤƤ뤬ǻǤи֥٥10ʥ10Ȥ⤤ˤͤùߤʤƤߤ褦
1. yhurght ʢۤ yoghurt
2. trghug ʢۤȯԲǽ
3. thrwght ʢ첻ʤΰ
4. thwrw ʢ첻ʤ
5. thrvoo ʢväơ
6. throw ʢ㤦ñˤʤäƤ
7. threw ʢβޤǤ
8. yora ʢɤƤʤΡ
9. ȝour ʢʤ
10. through ʢȤ뤸ʤ
McIntosh, Angus, Michael Louis Samuels, Michael Benskin, eds. A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English. Aberdeen: Aberdeen UP, 1986.
Laing, Margaret and Roger Lass, eds. A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, 1150--1325. http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/ihd/laeme1/laeme1.html . Online. Edinburgh: U of Edinburgh, 2007.
ѸγؽԤѸǽ줿ƥȤɤ⤦ȤȤ˶äΤϡڥ¿ͤǤ롥㤨СѸˤ through ȤñϤʤ515̤ΰۤʤ륹ڥ
doruȝ-, dorw, dorwe, dorwgh, dourȝh, drowgȝ, durghe, durwe, -thogh, thorch, thorew, thorewe, thorffe, thorg, Thorgh, thorgh, -thorgh, thorgh, thorghe, thorght, thorghw, thorghwe, thorgth, thorh, thoro, thorogh, thoroghe, thoroght, -thoroght, thorohe, thoroo, thorou, Thorough, thorough, thorough-, thoroughe, thorought, Thorouh, thorouȝ, thorouȝh, Thorow, thorow, thorow-, Thorowe, thorowe, thorowg, thorowgh, thorowghe, thorowght, thorowh, thorowth, thorowut, thorowȝ, thorowȝt, thorrou, thorrow, thorth, thorthe, thoru, thoru-, thorue, thorugh, -thorugh, thorughe, thorught, -thorught, Thoruh, thoruh, thoruh-, thorur, thoruth, Thoruȝ, thoruȝ, thoruȝh, thorv, Thorw, thorw, -thorw, thorw, Thorwe, thorwe, thorwgh, thorwh, thorwȝ, -thorwȝ, thorwȝ, thorwȝe, Thorȝ, thorȝ, Thorȝe, thorȝe, thorȝh, thorȝoh, thorȝt, thorȝw, thorȝwe, thour, thour, thoure, thourgh, -thourgh, thourghe, thourght-, thourh, thourhe, thourow, thourr, thourth, thourw, thourw, thourwg, thourȝ, thourȝ, thourȝe, thow, thowe, thowffe, thowr, thowrgh, thowrow, thowur, thrawth, threw, thro, thro-, -thro, throch, throcht, throgh, throghe, throghet, throght, throght, throghte, throighe, throu, throuche, throue, throug, through, through-, throughe, throught, throuh, throuȝ, throuȝe, throuȝht, throve, throw, throw-, throw, throwe, throwe, throwe, throwg, throwgh, throwght, throwh, throwr, throwth, throwȝ, throwȝe, throȝ, -throȝe, throȝe, throȝgh, throȝghe, throȝh, throȝhe, throȝt, thruch, thrue-, thrug-, Thrugh, thrugh, thrughe, thrught, thrughte, thruh, thruth, thruȝ, thruȝe, thruȝhe, thrvoo, thrw, thrwe, thrwgh, thrwght, thrygh, thuht, thur, thurch, thurew, thurg, thurge, thurge-, thurgeh, Thurgh, thurgh, thurgh-, -thurgh, thurgh, thurghe, thurght, thurghte, thurgth, thurgwe, Thurh, thurh, thurhe, thurhge, thurhgh, thuro, thurow, thurowe, thurth, thurthe, thuru, thurv, thurw, -thurw, thurwe, Thurȝ, thurȝ, thurȝe, Thurȝh, thurȝh, Thurȝhg, thurȝt, thurȝth, thwrgh, thwrw, torgh, torghe, torw, -torwe, trghug, trogh, troght, trough, trow, trowe, trowffe, trowgh, trowght, trugh, trughe, trught, twrw, yerowe, yhorh, yhoru, yhrow, yhurgh, yhurght, yora, yorch, yorgh, yorghe, yorh, yoro, yorou, yoroue, yorough, yorour, yorow, yorow-, yorowe, yorowe, yoru, yorugh, yoruh, yoruȝ, yorw, yorwe, yorȝ, your, yourch, yourgh, yourghe, yourh, yourw-, yourȝ, yowr, yowrw, yoȝou, yrogh, yrou-, yrow, yrugh, yruȝ, yurch, yurg-, yurgh, yurghe, yurght, yurh, yurhg, yurht, yurowe, yurth, yurthe, yuru, yurw, yurwh, yurȝ, yurȝe, ðoru, þarȝ, þerew, þerew, þerow, þerue-, þhorow, þhurȝ, þor, þorch, þore, þoreu, þorew, þorewe, þorewȝ, þoreȝ, þorg, -þorgh, þorgh, þorghe, þorght, þorghȝ, þorguh, þorgȝ, þorh, þoro, þorogh, þoroghe, þorou, þorou, þoroue, þorough, þorought, þorouh, þorour, -þorouȝ, þorouȝ, þorouȝe, þorouȝh, þorouȝt, þorow, -þorow, þorow, þorow, þorowe, þorowgh, þorowghe, þorowh, þorowth, þorowþ, þorouwȝ, þoroȝ, þorrow, þorrughe, þorth, þoru, -þoru, þorue, þorug, þorugh, þorught, þorugȝ, þoruh, þoruhg, þoruth, þoruþ, þoruȝ, -þoruȝ, þoruȝe, þoruȝh, þoruȝt, þorv, þorw, þorw-, -þorw, þorwe, þorwgh, þorwgȝ, þorwh, -þorwh, þorwhe, þorwth, þorwtȝ, þorwȝ, þorwȝe, þorþ, þorȝ, þorȝe, þorȝh, þorȝhȝ, þorȝt, þough, þour, þour, þour, þourg, þourgh, þourght, þourgȝ, þourh, þourh, þourow, þourt, þourth, þouruȝ, þourw, þourw-, -þourw, þourwe, þourþ, þourȝ, t-þourȝ, þourȝ, þourȝe, þourȝh, þourȝt, þourȝw, þouȝ, þouȝt, þowr, þowre, þro, þrogh, þroghe, þrorow, þrorowe, þroth, þrou, þrough, þrought, þroughte-, þrouh, þrouhe, þrouht, þrouȝ, þrouȝe, þrouȝh, þrouȝt, þrouȝte, þrouȝth, þrow, þrow, þrowe, þrowgh, þrowghe, þrowh, -þrowþ, þrowȝ, þrowȝe, þroȝ, þroȝe, þroȝgh, þroȝh, þroȝt, þroȝth, þrugh, -þruh, þruȝ, þruȝe, þur, þurch, þureh, þureȝ, þurf, þurg, þurgh, -þurgh, þurghe, þurght, þurghȝ, þurgȝh, þurh, þurh, þurhg, þurht, þuro, þurow, þurru, þurth, þurthe, þuru, þuruch, þurugh, þurughe, þurut, þuruȝ, þurw, þurw-, þurwe, þurwȝ, þurwȝ, þurþ, þurȝ, þurȝe, þurȝg, þurȝh, þurȝhg, þurȝt, þurȝth, þwrgh, ȝorgh, ȝoru, ȝoruȝ, ȝoruȝt, ȝorw, ȝour, ȝowr, ȝurch
ԴѤǤ롥ʤʾˤʤäƤΤ
ǤСɸॹڥȤΤʤäȤȤǤ롥ϵϤȤʤ뼭ʤСڥޥΤ褦ʿʪ⤤ʤ̻ ( scribe ) ȸƤФγơ褽ʬȯ¨֤ƤΤǤ롥㤨СνпȤμ̻Ǥϡޤǰ㤦櫓ǤꡤȯۤʤäǡƱñǤ⤫ʤۤʤä֤Ѥ줿ϤǤ롥ˤϡƱ̻Ǥ⡤Ĥñ줬Ը˰ۤʤ륹ڥǽȤȤȤǤϤʤڥޤäƤ븽Ѹ줫鸫ȡǤ롥
ѸΥڥ褽ߤΤ褦ʷ夤ΤϡѸʹߤǤ롥ŪäȸǤޤäƤäѸλǰǤְ㤨ХĤȤȤ桹Τ褦˼Ƥ뤬μ̻θѸ춵θʤȤ
ѸΤۤ;͵ͷӤ褦ˤפ뤬515̤ϹԤ⤽ <trghug> ʤƤɤȯ줿Τ
ʰʲ嵭2025/01/15(Wed)
hellog #5738. 516ܤ through Ĥޤ ([2025-01-11-1]) heldio #1326. through ֻ516̤ܤȯ ǾҲ𤷤Ȥꡤפ֤˿ʰ֤Фޤ
Powered by WinChalow1.0rc4 based on chalow