hellog〜英語史ブログ / 2018-08-15

■ #3397. 後期中英語期の through のワースト綴字 [spelling][lme][me_dialect][levenshtein_distance][through]

　「#53. 後期中英語期の through の綴りは515通り」 ([2009-06-20-1])，「#54. through 異綴りベスト10（ワースト10？）」 ([2009-06-21-1]) で紹介したように，後期中英語の through の綴字は，著しくヴァリエーションが豊富である．そこではのべ515通りの綴字を集めたが，ハイフン（語の一部であるもの），イタリック体（省略符号などを展開したもの），上付き文字，大文字小文字の違いの有無を無視すれば，444通りとなる．この444通りの綴字について，現代の標準綴字 through にどれだけ近似しているかを，String::Similarity という Perl のモジュールを用いて計算させてみた．類似性の程度を求めるアルゴリズムは，文字変換の工程数 (Levenshtein edit distance) に基づくものである．完全に一致していれば 1.0000 の値を取り，まったく異なると 0.0000 を示す．では，「似ている」順に列挙しよう．

Similarity	Spellings
1.0000	through
0.9333	thorough, throughe, throught
0.9231	throgh, throug, throuh, thrugh, trough
0.8750	thoroughe, thorought
0.8571	thorogh, thorouh, thorugh, thourgh, throȝgh, throghe, throght, throwgh, thrughe, thrught
0.8333	thogh, throu, thrug, thruh, trogh, trugh
0.8000	thoroghe, thoroght, thorouȝh, thorowgh, thorughe, thorught, thourghe, thourght, throȝghe, throghet, throghte, throighe, throuȝht, throuche, throwght, thrughte
0.7692	þrough, thorgh, thorou, thoruh, thourh, throȝh, throch, throuȝ, throue, throwg, throwh, thruch, thruth, thrwgh, thrygh, thurgh, thwrgh, troght, trowgh, trughe, trught
0.7500	thorowghe, thorowght
0.7273	thro
0.7143	þorough, þrought, thorȝoh, thorghe, thorght, thorghw, thorgth, thorohe, thorouȝ, thorowg, thorowh, thorrou, thoruȝh, thoruth, thorwgh, thourhe, thourth, thourwg, thowrgh, throȝhe, throcht, throuȝe, throwth, thruȝhe, thrwght, thurgeh, thurghe, thurght, thurgth, thurhgh, trowght, yorough
0.6667	þorought, þough, þrogh, þroughte, þrouh, þrugh, thorg, thorghwe, thorh, thoro, thorowth, thorowut, thoru, thour, throȝ, throw, thruȝ, thrue, thuht, thurg, thurghte, thurh, thuro, thuru, torgh, yrogh, yrugh
0.6154	þorogh, þorouh, þorugh, þourgh, þroȝgh, þroghe, þrouȝh, þrouhe, þrouht, þrowgh, þurugh, thorȝh, thorch, thoroo, thorow, thorth, thoruȝ, thorue, thorur, thorwh, thourȝ, thoure, thourr, thourw, thowur, throȝe, throȝt, throve, throwȝ, throwe, throwr, thruȝe, thrvoo, thurȝh, thurch, thurge, thurhe, thurow, thurth, torghe, trghug, yhurgh, yorugh, yourgh
0.5714	þoroghe, þorouȝh, þorowgh, þorught, þourght, þrouȝth, þrowghe, þurughe, thorowȝ, thorowe, thorrow, thorthe, thourȝe, thourow, thowrow, thrawth, throwȝe, thurȝhg, thurȝth, thurgwe, thurhge, thurowe, thurthe, yhurght, yourghe
0.5455	þrou, þruh, thow, thrw, thur, trow, yrou
0.5333	þorowghe, þorrughe, thorowȝt
0.5000	þorgh, þorou, þorug, þoruh, þourg, þourh, þroȝh, þroth, þrouȝ, þrowh, þurgh, þwrgh, ȝorgh, thorȝ, thorv, thorw, thowe, thowr, threw, thrwe, thurȝ, thurv, thurw, thwrw, trowe, yhorh, yhoru, yhrow, yorgh, yorou, yoruh, yourh, yurgh
0.4615	þhorow, þorghȝ, þorghe, þorght, þorguh, þorouȝ, þoroue, þorour, þorowh, þoruȝh, þorugȝ, þoruhg, þoruth, þorwgh, þourȝh, þourgȝ, þourth, þroȝth, þrouȝe, þrouȝt, þurgȝh, þurghȝ, þurghe, þurght, þuruch, dorwgh, dourȝh, drowgȝ, durghe, tþourȝ, thorȝe, thorȝt, thorȝw, thorew, thorwȝ, thorwe, thurȝe, thurȝt, thurew, thurwe, yorghe, yoroue, yorour, yourch, yurghe, yurght
0.4286	þorouȝe, þorouȝt, þorouwȝ, þorowth, þrouȝte, thorȝwe, thorewe, thorffe, thorwȝe, thowffe, trowffe
0.4000	þro
0.3636	ðoru, þorg, þorh, þoro, þoru, þouȝ, þour, þroȝ, þrow, þruȝ, þurg, þurh, þuro, þuru, ȝoru, ȝour, torw, twrw, yorh, yoro, yoru, your, yrow, yruȝ, yurg, yurh, yuru
0.3333	þerow, þerue, þhurȝ, þorȝh, þorch, þoreu, þorgȝ, þoroȝ, þorow, þorth, þoruþ, þoruȝ, þorue, þorwh, þouȝt, þourþ, þourȝ, þourt, þourw, þroȝe, þroȝt, þrowþ, þrowȝ, þrowe, þruȝe, þurȝg, þurȝh, þurch, þureh, þurhg, þurht, þurow, þurru, þurth, þuruȝ, þurut, ȝoruȝ, ȝurch, doruȝ, torwe, yoȝou, yorch, yorow, yoruȝ, yourȝ, yourw, yurch, yurhg, yurht, yurth, yurwh
0.3077	þorȝhȝ, þorowþ, þorowe, þorrow, þoruȝe, þoruȝt, þorwgȝ, þorwhe, þorwth, þourȝe, þourȝt, þourȝw, þourow, þouruȝ, þourwe, þrorow, þrowȝe, þurȝhg, þurȝth, þurthe, ȝoruȝt, yerowe, yorowe, yurowe, yurthe
0.2857	þrorowe
0.2000	þor, þur
0.1818	þarȝ, þorþ, þorȝ, þore, þorv, þorw, þowr, þurþ, þurȝ, þurf, þurw, ȝorw, ȝowr, dorw, yorȝ, yora, yorw, yowr, yurȝ, yurw
0.1667	þerew, þorȝe, þorȝt, þoreȝ, þorew, þorwȝ, þorwe, þowre, þurȝe, þurȝt, þureȝ, þurwȝ, þurwe, dorwe, durwe, yorwe, yowrw, yurȝe
0.1538	þorewȝ, þorewe, þorwȝe, þorwtȝ

　これによると，最も through とは似ていない，とんでもない綴字は，þorewȝ, þorewe, þorwȝe, þorwtȝ の4種類ということになる．そんなに似ていないかなあと思ってしまうのは，中英語のとんでもない綴字に見慣れてしまったせいだろうか・・・．ちなみに，現在アメリカ英語で省略綴字として用いられる thru は，後期中英語には，ありそうでなかったようだ．

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