01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
ε#3402. presupposition trigger Υס ([2018-08-20-1]) presupposition ˤˤĤƼ夲ˤϤȤ櫓פ3Ĥ롥(1) constancy under negation, (2) defensibility or cancellability, (3) the projection problem Ǥ (Huang 67--75)
(1) constancy under negation
ʸꤵƤ⡤̵Τޤޤ˻ĤȤ̣롥εǤСThe king of France is bald. Ȥʸϡ"There is a king of France" Ȥ뤬Ʊʸꤷ The king of France isn't bald. ȤƤɤ뤬ʤνפ˴ŤơפȼΤ褦ˤʤ롥
An utterance of a sentence S presupposes a proposition p if and only if
a. if S is true, then p is true
b. if S is false, then p is still true
(2) defeasibilty or cancellability
ˤϡطʤȤʤꡤ¤μäδް (conversational implicature)äʸ̮ˤäƤ̵ȤʤȤ롥㤨СJohn got an assistant professorship before he finished his Ph.D. Ǥ "John finished his Ph.D" Ω뤬ۤƱʸ John died before he finished his Ph.D. ǤƱΩʤʤ롥ˤϲǤʤȤ¤μ뤫餳ǧΤǤ롥
ޤThere is no king of France. Therefore the king of France isn't bald. Ǥϡ1ʸ¸ߤˤꡤ2ʸ̾Ϥ "There is a king of France" ȤΩʤʤ롥
ۤˤϡThe president doesn't regret vetoing the bill (because in fact he never did so!) Ǥϡbecause ʲʤʸǤ "The president vetoed the bill" Ȥ뤬because ʲäʸǤϡŪꤵ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥
ȯư줬Ѥˤ⡤ΩʤȤ롥John said that Mary managed to speak with a broad Irish accent. Ǥϡ"Mary managed to speak with a broad Irish accent" Ȥʤ
(3) the projection problem
ñʸȤ߹蘆äʣʸȤʤȤñʸˤä߽Ф줿ϡʣʸˤƤ (projection) 졤ѤΤȻפ뤫⤷ʤΤˤΤ褦ʾ¿ (2) Ǥߤ褦ˡñʸǤʣʸΤμݤ礷ʤˤϡ뤳Ȥ⤢롥ɤΤ褦ʥͤ졤뤤ͤʤΤ뤳Ȥͤ "the curse and the blessing of modern presupposition theory" ȤƤФƤ롥ιۤǤ뤳Ȥ "curse" ǤꡤŪȯۤäƤʤнǤʤȤǡΰ̣ΩٻΤȤ "blessing" Ȥ櫓Ǥ롥
Huang, Yan. Pragmatics. Oxford: OUP, 2007.
2026 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2025 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2024 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2023 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2022 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2021 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2020 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2019 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2018 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2017 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2016 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2015 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2014 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2013 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2012 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2011 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2010 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2009 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
ǽ: 2026-07-01 06:06
Powered by WinChalow1.0rc4 based on chalow