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ɸಽ (standardisation) ϡ1ĤѼˤҲŪ˰ҿΤѼȤߤʤơθҲ˹ƤǤ롥ȡ¾Τ٤ƤѼϡŪ˼ҲŪͤ㤯ʤꡤϰϤޤäƤȤˤʤ꤬̤ȤơɸѼϻ˻뤳Ȥ⤢
嵭θɸಽλδطɬŪʤΤǤϤʤɸಽʹԤƤĤ³뤳ȤϤ뤷ºݤ˱Ѹˤܸˤʬ̤ꡤĤäƤ롥ޤɸಽȤΩơǤȤ⤢뤫⤷ʤ
ȤϤɸಽλδ֤˲餫ΰ̴ط륱¿˰㤤ʤJones and Singh (100) ξԤ̯ʴطˤĤƼΤ褦˵Ƥ롥
It should be pointed out, of course, that the standardisation of a language does not automatically entail the loss of its associated dialects: English dialects are still spoken today, many centuries after the emergence of standard English. However, we will see that the rise of a standard is mainly the result of sociopolitical and cultural factors and that its purpose is to unite the speech community, through knowledge of a codified, uniform variety. The rise of a standard is therefore likely to have a hand in dialect death for although the elevation on one variety to the standard leaves the other dialects intact, the fact that the standard language is the only one deemed appropriate for 'official' functions such as the media, education and government and is ultimately regarded as a symbol of loyalty for the whole community means that its associated dialects are often felt to be 'inferior' by their speakers and come to be reserved for non-official functions, such as for use with family and friends. As upward mobility comes to be attached to the standard language, dialects cease to be transmitted to the next generation and eventually stop being spoken.
ϢƼε⻲Ȥ줿
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Jones, Mari C. and Ishtla Singh. Exploring Language Change. Abingdon: Routledge, 2005.
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