hellogѸ˥֥     ChangeLog ǿ     ƥǿ     1 2 3 4 ڡ / page 1 (4)

web_service - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2023-08-03 Thu

#5211. Innsbruck EDD Online 4.0 [dialect][web_service][corpus][lmode][lexicography][edd][dictionary][notice]

Joseph Wright ˤ English Dialect Dictionary Υ饤ǤǤ EDD Online ˤĤơManfred Markus Ψ Innsbruck ؤΥब饤󲽥ץȤκǽʳ̤Ȥ Version 4.0 ɽȤξޤInnsbruck EDD Online 4.0 Based on Joseph Wright's English Dialect Dictionary (1898--1905) Ǥ


Innsbruck EDD Online 4.0 Based on Joseph Wright's English Dialect Dictionary (1898--1905)



Ϥޤ EDD Online ˭٤ʵǽȤʤƤʤΤǤβ᡼ǧǤꡤϿ޾˼Ƥ줿вεǽ¤ƤݤǤ
Markus ˤȤΥȥư5ʬˤ⤢ޤΤǻİ򤪴ᤷޤʼȤϴطޤ󤬡ưκǸΥ󥹥֥åηʿ˿åƺȥꥢ˹Ԥʤɤۡˡ
EDD ˤĤƤϡhellog ǤϰʲεǼ夲ƤޤΤǡ⤴Ȳ

#869. Wright's English Dialect Dictionary ([2011-09-13-1])
#868. EDD Online ([2011-09-12-1])
#2694. EDD Online (2) ([2016-09-11-1]) 򻲾ȡ

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2020-08-18 Tue

#4131. ꥹ񲽤ˤв "The OED in two minutes" [oed][map][lexicology][lexicography][philology][history][web_service]

ε#4130. Ѹä¿Ͳȳˤв "The OED in two minutes" ([2020-08-17-1]) ǾҲ𤷤ƱƥĤ򡤰ۤʤ٤įƤߤThe OED in two minutes ǸƤѸûϿΥƥĤǤ롥
ѸλϤޤȤʤ1150ǯ1ǯȤ˻֤ʤƤȡФ餯ư衼å˸¤ƤꡤƤ⤷ʤΤ15ȾˤʤäƤ̥եꥫʤɤ˻ȯŪƤ롥ơ16ȾˤʤȿΦ䥤̤ˤݥĥݥĤƤơܤо줷Ƥ롥ξ1718ˤƵǤϤʤʤäƤ롥ܤ٤ưФƤΤϡ18ȾΥ˥ʿΡեꥫȤäȾ濴ȤϰǤ롥19ȥեꥫޤ᤿ιǤ褦ˤʤꡤƱȾˤꥫä롥20Ϥޤ˥ХǤ롥
¤ˤ⤷Ʊˡ¤˶16Ⱦ19ޤǤλȤ˴ؤ뤫ꡤΤޤޥꥹ񲽤­פûˤδѥե졼ƥĤ˸Ƥľܡܤ˥ꥹλ۸εڤڤɤĤ֤ˤϿޤϡַŪʡϿޤȤƸƤ뤷̣ʬ䤹Τ褦ʡָûŪʡϿޤ¿쾯ʤפȤΤϡȤ̣ơԤϿޤOED ȤѸʸؤοȤ٤ؽŪʪѤƺƤ뤳ȡޤμ񤽤켫ȤκǤ19ȾФδλʪǤ뤳ȤפФȤ̣ʾˡΤΤʤ򴶤롥
OED ϳؽŪʸŪ˰ζȤθġǤꡤǻ޻ޤ뤳ȤǤʤλ¤ǧĤġ켫Τ˫ȾФˤλʪǤ뤳ȤϴΤäƤϢưʲε⻲ȡ

#3020. οҤȤƤӸ (1) ([2017-08-03-1])
#3021. οҤȤƤӸ (2) ([2017-08-04-1])
#3376. οҤȤƤαѸʸء ([2018-07-25-1])
#3603. ²ۡ ([2019-03-09-1])
#3767. ܤ̡ ([2019-08-20-1])

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2020-08-17 Mon

#4130. Ѹä¿Ͳȳˤв "The OED in two minutes" [oed][map][lexicology][borrowing][lexicography][philology][statistics][web_service][hel_education]

The OED in two minutes ˡѸλϤޤ1150ǯ2010ǯޤǤαѸʼѡ˸ûˤϿ޾ǻвƥȤǼƥĤɽƤ롥ƥġ¤ˤߤȤ˱Ѹä¿ͲȳˤɽƤꡤ⤤ʰ̣ǹͤ롥ɤ

Map of Loanwords in 1726 by OED



Ͽޤβˤ뿧դӤϡѸˤ老Ȥȡ٤ɽ路ƤظѤƤǡ١ Google Ngrams 1970--2008ǯʬȤˡ2010ǯߤϿޤ˼פߤƤߤȡȡ٤ˤơޥϤθáӡˤ49%ѸǤ˴Ťʣʤɡӡˤ26%ʤΤǡޤǤΤ3/4Ǥ롥ޥ󥹷Ϥθáӡˤ18%ƥ줬7%Ƥ¾0.2%ѸˤǤϸäˤϼѤˤǤȤΤ֤ȡ٤ǹͤ¤ꡤߤǤѸθäϰŪ˥󥰥ʤ뤤ϥޥŪǤȤäƤ褤Ȥˤʤ롥λ¤ˤĤƤϡ#3400. Ѹ˸ä˼Ѹ줬ɤǤ뤫 ([2018-08-18-1]) ȡĥäε򻲾ȡ
Ͽ޺ǯ˽ŤʤäƤ볥ΥХ֥ϡ٤¿ñ줬ääǯۤ礭ʤꡤ٤ľñ줬ääˤʤǯˤϾʤ롥17̤Ū礭äХ֥뤬18ˤƤܤǤͻҤⶽ̣ (cf. #2995. Augustan Age θŪݼ ([2017-07-09-1])#203. 1500--1900ǯˤѸäá ([2009-11-16-1])#4070. 18θŪ¤Τʤ ([2020-06-18-1]))
Ѹʸá˻ˤŤߤˤϡΤ褦ʥȤλХƥĤϤȯ롥

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2020-08-09 Sun

#4122. ʪġ뤬줿 --- OED Text Visualizer (beta) [web_service][oed][etymology]

OED OED Text Visualizer ȤʪġäƤ롥˱ʸƥȤꤲȡOED ξ˴Ťظdzñ˥դ졤ǯȸ츻򥿥饤ǻŪɽƤȤΤĤΤ褦ʥġ뤬줿ʤ뤤ïäƤ줿ˤʤȻ䤬̴Ƥ褦ʸ츻ɽġǤ롥ޤǤ⵻ŪˤϽʬ˲ǽäܳŪ˼ȤԤʤä OED Ƥ줿ȤΤϡǤ롥ȯΥ١ǤȤȤǡϤʸ500ޤǡޤ1750ǯʸαʸǤʤ٤ʤɤ¤Ϥ褦ʬ˳ڤ롥
ɴʹϰ츫ǡ#3276. Churchill We Shall Fight on the Beaches ([2018-04-16-1]) ꡤ308줫ʤʸ1Ǥߤ1940ǯαʤΤǡǯźĤ Vizualize ܥ򥯥åȡΤ褦ʿޤ֤ʲådzˡ

OED_Text_Visualizer_sample_result_small



ƥȤ˸ñʥޡˤХ֥ɽƤ롥Х֥κΰ֤Ϥθνǯбϸ츻ˡ礭Ʊƥ٤б롥Х֥˥ޥ褻Сθξܤ롥
̤Τ˲ˤϡñ줬 token ١ lexeme ١ǥդ줿󤬰졤CSV JSON ǥɤǤΤǡ夫ץѤƾܤʬϤ뤳ȤǽǤ롥
䡤äѸˤθˡɤɤѤäƤ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-10-18-1]

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2018-09-18 Tue

#3431. Ƽ EEBO 󥿡ե [eebo][corpus][emode][site][web_service][link][n-gram][kwic]

ѸʥƥȤϿ EEBO (Early English Books Online) ˤĤơ#3117. EEBO corpus ꡼ ([2017-11-08-1]) BYU 󶡤 EEBO 󥿡ե Early English Books Online corpus Ҳ𤷤
Ȥ̤ˡEarly Modern Print: Text Mining Early Printed English ȤȤΥץȤǡn-gram KWIC ʤɤθ󥿡ե󶡤Ƥ뤳ȤΤäΤǾҲ𤷤ƤŪʥȥϡΥڡɤġζŪʥġϡΥ󥯤饢Ǥ롥

EEBO N-Gram Browser
EEBO-TCP Key Words in Context
EEBO-TCP and ESTC Text Counts
EEBO-TCP Words Per Year

ޤUniversity of Michigan 󶡤 Early English Books Online γƼ掠 Lancaster University ˤ EEBO on CQPweb (V3) Ʊͤͭѡ
Ƽ磻󥿡եΤѤ뤫¤Ȥ

Referrer (Inside): [2020-05-16-1]

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2018-08-24 Fri

#3406. Levenshtein distance [cgi][web_service][spelling][shakespeare][levenshtein_distance]

ʸ٤٤¬ͭ̾ʻɸ1Ĥˡɸ "Levenshtein distance" ȤΤ롤#3397. Ѹ through Υֻ ([2018-08-15-1])#3398. Ѹ such Υֻ ([2018-08-16-1])#3399. ֻٷ׻ ([2018-08-17-1]) ǤȤƤɸǤꡤ#1163. 饤åǡ١ DICT.ORG ([2012-07-03-1]) Ǥ⤳λɸѤֻФץ󤬤롥
ͤ񤷤ʤȤʸ󤫤ɸʸѴˤϡĤԽִˤɬפФ褤㤨Сkitten sitting Ѵˤϡkitten k s ִˢ sitten e i ִˢ sittin g ˢ sitting Ȥ3ƧɬפΤǡξֻ֤ Levenshtein distance 3ȤȤˤʤ롥ִ̾Խˤ줾1ͤƤ뤬ơ˰ۤʤͤͿ׻λ⤢롥
ʲˡ̾νŤߤŤ Levenshtein distance ¬ CGI ֤Ƥˡ#1720. Shakespeare ֤ ([2014-01-11-1]) 25ΰֻФơ޶ڤʤɤDzϤƤߤƤפ˰ʲ򥳥ԥڡˡShakespeare, Schaksp, Shackespeare, Shackespere, Shackspeare, Shackspere, Shagspere, Shakespe, Shakespear, Shake-speare, Shakespere, Shakespheare, Shakp, Shakspe?, Shakspear, Shakspeare, Shak-speare, Shaksper, Shakspere, Shaxberd, Shaxpeare, Shaxper, Shaxpere, Shaxspere, Shexpere

Input a batch of spellings separated by a newline, tab, or comma, with the first spelling being used as the basis of comparison.
Order of output: As input Sort by Levenshtein distance



ֻ֤٤٤η¬ϡۣ渡䥹ڥ󥰥åʤɤμŪŪˤѤƤ롥ɸŪֻʤäŤѸθˤ⡤ȤΩĤȤꤽ

Referrer (Inside): [2020-01-21-1]

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2018-08-17 Fri

#3399. ֻٷ׻ [cgi][web_service][spelling][shakespeare][levenshtein_distance]

2֤ε#3397. Ѹ through Υֻ ([2018-08-15-1])#3398. Ѹ such Υֻ ([2018-08-16-1]) ǡֻ֤׻륹ץȤѤơthrough such ֻ͡ӤΥץȤϡٻȤ꤬뤫⤷ʤȻפŪʷ CGI ȤǤߤ
ȤץȤŪʻͤδطǥоưʤȤȤȯСǰ̵ǰƤ̵̣Ǥ뤳ȤΤΤʲ֤ƤȻפޤʤääΤ伫ȤΥPCǤưƤΤǡˡߤޤ

Input a batch of spellings separated by a newline, tab, or comma, with the first spelling being used as the basis of comparison.
Order of output: As input Sort by similarity



ȡǤϤޤʤΤǡShakespeare ΰֻӤ̤ϪƤޤ#1720. Shakespeare ֤ ([2014-01-11-1]) ǵ󤲤25ΰֻ Shakespeare, Schaksp, Shackespeare, Shackespere, Shackspeare, Shackspere, Shagspere, Shakespe, Shakespear, Shake-speare, Shakespere, Shakespheare, Shakp, Shakspe?, Shakspear, Shakspeare, Shak-speare, Shaksper, Shakspere, Shaxberd, Shaxpeare, Shaxper, Shaxpere, Shaxspere, Shexpere ϤơȤȡΤ褦ʽϤ줿

SimilaritySpellings
1.0000Shakespeare
0.9565Shackespeare, Shake-speare, Shakespheare
0.9524Shakespear, Shakespere, Shakspeare
0.9091Shackespere, Shackspeare, Shak-speare
0.9000Shakspear, Shakspere
0.8571Shackspere
0.8421Shakespe, Shaksper
0.8000Shagspere, Shaxpeare, Shaxspere
0.7368Shaxpere, Shexpere
0.7000Shakspe?
0.6667Schaksp, Shaxper
0.6250Shakp
0.5263Shaxberd


٤0.7ʲΤΤϡ褽άǤ롥0.7ĶΤϡ褽褦˴Τ⤷

Referrer (Inside): [2020-01-21-1] [2018-08-24-1]

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2018-02-04 Sun

#3205. 饤ɤǤѸǯɽ (3) [timeline][web_service][hel_education]

#2358. 饤ɤǤѸǯɽ ([2015-10-11-1])#2871. űѸΥ饤ǯɽ ([2017-03-07-1])#3164. 饤ɤǤѸǯɽ (2) ([2017-12-25-1]) ˰³⤦1ĤΥ饤ɱѸǯɽ󼨤롥
ǶεǡAlgeo and Pyles αѸ˳˴ŤǯɽǺܤ (see #3193. űѸμפʽǯɽ ([2018-01-23-1])#3196. Ѹμפʽǯɽ ([2018-01-26-1])#3197. Ѹμפʽǯɽ ([2018-01-27-1])#3200. Ѹμפʽǯɽ ([2018-01-30-1])ˡΥ饤ɤϡ Algeo and Pyles ǤȤ˺ܿŪʤ⡤񤭤ĹΤǡɤߤʤؽǤ

HEL Timeline by Algeo and Pyles

Algeo, John, and Thomas Pyles. The Origins and Development of the English Language. 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005.

Referrer (Inside): [2018-03-07-1]

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2018-01-11 Thu

#3181. Spelling/Pronunciation Search [spelling][pronunciation][orthography][web_service][cgi][dictionary][spelling_pronunciation_gap][silent_letter]

#1191. Pronunciation Search ([2012-07-31-1]) ǡThe Carnegie Mellon Pronouncing Dictionary ˴ŤꥫѸȯġΥǡ١ (3MB+) μΤϡ110935ФֻȯȤ߹碌Ǥ롥ΥġϡCarnegie Mellon Pronouncing Dictionary ȯɽɽǻꤷơޤñֻ֤ΤäֻȯΤ줾ɽǾꤷˤޥåñ֤ȤͤΥġäƤߤ
ɽ Perl ѤΤΤǡʸʸ̤Ϻǽ餫̵뤹͡ȯɽϡܵ˷ǤƤɤ餫θˤСֻ뤤ȯˤʤ롥

Spelling in Regex:
Pronunciation in Regex:
 


׼ǡֻȯδطˤĤƤĴ٤ͷǤ롥㤨СSpelling "l" ꤷPronunciation "^[^l]+$" ꤹȡʸκݤˤϤ줾ϳơˡֻˤ <l> Τˡȯˤ /l/ ʤ򽦤Ф롥¾λҲʤɤˤѤƤСۻ (silent_letter) ޤñ򽸤ޤSpelling "gh$" Pronunciation "f$" ꤹȡ <gh> /f/ ȯñꥹȤ롤
ʲCarnegie Mellon Pronouncing Dictionary ȯɽ򼨤Ǵ֤ȾѥڡǶڤƤꡤ첻ɽ³ 0 (no stress), 1 (primary stress), 2 (secondary stress) Ǽ롥㤨Сinternational ȯɽϡ"IH2 N T ER0 N AE1 SH AH0 N AH0 L" Ȥʤ롥

PhonemeExampleTranslation
AAoddAA D
AEatAE T
AHhutHH AH T
AOoughtAO T
AWcowK AW
AYhideHH AY D
BbeB IY
CHcheeseCH IY Z
DdeeD IY
DHtheeDH IY
EHEdEH D
ERhurtHH ER T
EYateEY T
FfeeF IY
GgreenG R IY N
HHheHH IY
IHitIH T
IYeatIY T
JHgeeJH IY
KkeyK IY
LleeL IY
MmeM IY
NkneeN IY
NGpingP IY NG
OWoatOW T
OYtoyT OY
PpeeP IY
RreadR IY D
SseaS IY
SHsheSH IY
TteaT IY
THthetaTH EY T AH
UHhoodHH UH D
UWtwoT UW
VveeV IY
WweW IY
YyieldY IY L D
ZzeeZ IY
ZHseizureS IY ZH ER

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2017-12-25 Mon

#3164. 饤ɤǤѸǯɽ (2) [timeline][web_service][hel_education]

Ѹˤ˴Ϣǯɽ򤳤ޤ timeline γƵǼƤϡ#2562. Mugglestone ԡˤαѸǯɽ ([2016-05-02-1]) 򥹥饤ɲƤߤ饤ɤλͤˤꤹ٤ƤȿǤƤ櫓ǤϤʤȤꤢͷӤʤį롥14餤顤󥴥㥴㤷Ƥ롥

HEL Timeline by Mugglestone

Ϣơ#2358. 饤ɤǤѸǯɽ ([2015-10-11-1])#2871. űѸΥ饤ǯɽ ([2017-03-07-1]) ⻲ȡ

Mugglestone, Lynda, ed. The Oxford History of English. Oxford: OUP, 2006.

Referrer (Inside): [2018-03-07-1] [2018-02-04-1]

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2017-11-08 Wed

#3117. EEBO corpus ꡼ [eebo][corpus][web_service][site]

ܥ֥Ǥⲿ٤ѤƤƥȡǡ١ EEBO (Early English Books Online) BYU Mark Davies ˤꥳѥ졤10˥饤Ǹ줿Early English Books Online corpus ꥢǤ롥
ñˤΥѥҲ𤹤ȡޤϤȤƤ "755 million words in more than 25,000 texts from the 1470s to the 1690s" ޤࡤ祳ѥǤ뤳Ȥ狼롥ȤƤϽѸޤޤ륫СƤ롥BYUϤ¾ΥѥƱͤˡФ첽ʤƤꡤʻ쥿̣ͿƤ롥󥳡󥹡饤ФꡤɽʬϤ뤳ȤϤȤꡤ10ǯȤ˸٤ưŪ˥ղʤɡ͡ʵǽäƤ롥
10ǯΤޤȤޤꤴȤΥƥȿξϡΥڡΥե᡼󤫤ưפ뤬41ƥդʿѸäɽ򼨤

Decade#words#texts#words/#texts
1470s712,130 18 39,562.8
1480s3,706,937 43 86,207.8
1490s1,992,503 49 40,663.3
1500s1,288,091 45 28,624.2
1510s946,117 35 27,031.9
1520s3,042,934 73 41,684.0
1530s7,099,997 181 39,226.5
1540s8,709,681 239 36,442.2
1550s7,219,423 283 25,510.3
1560s16,084,901 361 44,556.5
1570s26,927,229 442 60,921.3
1580s31,955,245 558 57,267.5
1590s24,105,385 723 33,340.8
1600s40,031,223 898 44,578.2
1610s42,901,535 894 47,988.3
1620s38,550,967 994 38,783.7
1630s42,826,013 1,036 41,337.9
1640s47,129,000 3,805 12,386.1
1650s99,452,875 2,416 41,164.3
1660s63,491,742 2,481 25,591.2
1670s74,600,805 2,421 30,814.0
1680s92,583,947 3,977 23,279.8
1690s79,719,722 2,999 26,582.1
TOTAL755,078,402 24,971 30,238.2


֤ˤ10ǯ֤ͤɴʬΨǥղƤߤ֤ñ忧ϥƥȿ˴ŤͤǤ롥1617ˤƥ֥ѥ礭ʤäƤΤʬ뤬ñ1650ǯ1680ǯ塤ƥȿ1640ǯ1680ǯ夬ΩäƤ뤳Ȥ򵤤αƤ

% of Words and Texts for Each Decade in EEBO Corpus

Referrer (Inside): [2020-05-16-1] [2018-09-18-1]

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2017-10-13 Fri

#3091. Baugh and Cable αѸ˳ܼ˥ [toc][quiz][hel_education][cgi][web_service]

ѸˤήĤǤ餦ˡȤǡ#2089. Baugh and Cable αѸ˳ܼ ([2015-01-15-1]) ŵƤäƤ뤬ƥкΤˡʤȤ¤μưΤˡ˥˷ȴġäƤߤ֥饦ǰСΤޤ޾ƥȡ

Chapters for questions: to оݤȤʤϤ
Number of questions: 2ʾǡ뤤1.0ޤǤξΨġ
Hints: No Hints Hints ʥ塼Ȥʤñγ



Baugh, Albert C. and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2013.

Referrer (Inside): [2023-07-28-1] [2017-10-18-1]

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2017-09-23 Sat

#3071. Pig Latin [cryptology][word_play][cgi][web_service]

ѸθͷӤ Pig Latin ȤΤ롥ñθ§˴ŤѷͷӤθ§ñǤ롥ƬλҲʷˤ˰ܤˤ <ay> /eɪ/ ɲä롥Ƭ첻ξˤϡ <way> /weɪ/ ɲäΤߡ㤨СPig Latin Igpay Atinlay ȤʤꡤI dont know. Iway ontday nowkay. Ȥʤ롥ƬλҲʷˤΰκۤ䡤ȤƤ <way> /weɪ/ <yey> /weɪ/ ѤʤɤѼߤ롥
Ƥޤ¨Ǻ뤬ƤʤԤˤȤä񤷤Ȥ顤ͷӤˤȤɤޤ餺äդˤ뱣äȤŹȤѤ뤳ȤǤ롥ͷӤȰŹεΥϰճȶᤤ
Pig Latin ΤۤŤ Hog Latin ȤƾΤ⤢롥Ԥ19Ԥ19˽ФƤ롥줿ƥסֵΥƥפۤɤΰ̣Ǥ롥ºݤˤϥƥȱ椫ʤѲΤ褦ʸդ򤷤ˤȤǡƥ˵줿ȤȤʤ줿ƥɽ魯 dog Latin Ȥɽ17ȾФ˽ФƤ뤬§ŪʤΤȤƥ١Ǥ롥
ʲPig Latin ѴΤǤ졥

Plain English to Pig Latin
Pig Latin to Plain English

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2017-03-07 Tue

#2871. űѸΥ饤ǯɽ [timeline][web_service][oe][anglo-saxon]

#2358. 饤ɤǤѸǯɽ ([2015-10-11-1]) ˤʤ餤Mitchell (361--64) θűѸǯɽ򥹥饤ɲƤߤޤʲβ򥯥åƤ饤ǯɽǤϡΥ̤ Lay = СReligious = ֡Literary = ĤǿʬƤޤ

HEL Timeline for OE by Mitchell

ʲϡ饤ǯɽΥ١Ȥ̾ɽǯɽǤͤޤǤˡ

DateLayReligiousLiterary
449Traditional date of coming of Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. The legend of Arthur may rest on a British leader who resisted the invaders.
c. 547  Gildas writes De excidio Britanniæ.
560--616Æthelbert King of Kent.  
c. 563 St Columba brings Celtic Christianity to Iona. 
597 St Augustine brings Roman Christianity to Kent. 
616--632Edwin King of Northumbria.  
c. 625Earliest possible date for Sutton Hoo ship-burial.  
627 Edwin converted to Christianity. 
632Edwin killed by heathen King Penda of Mercia.  
635 Aidan settles in Lindisfarne, bringing Celtic Christianity. 
635 King Cynegils of Wessex converted. 
641Oswald King of Northumbria killed by Penda.  
654Penda killed by Oswy King of Northumbria.  
664 Synod of Whitby establishes supremacy of Roman Christianity. 
664 St Chad becomes bishop. 
657--680 Hild Abbess of Whitby.Cædmon uses Germanic alliterative verse for religious subjects during this period.
c. 678 English missions to the continent begin. 
680  Approximate earliest date for composition of Beowulf.
c. 700  Date of first linguistic records.
709 Death of Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne. 
731  Bede completes Historia gentis Anglorum ecclesiastica.
735 Death of Bede. 
c. 735Birth of Alcuin.  
757--796Offa King of Mercia.  
782 Alcuin settles at Charlemagne's court. 
793Viking raids begin.Sacking of Lindisfarne. 
fl. 796  Nennius, author or reviser of Historia Britonum.
800Four great kingdoms remain --- Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Wessex.  
780--850  Cynewulf probably flourishes some time in this period.
804 Death of Alcuin. 
851Danes' first winter in England.  
865Great Danish Army lands in East Anglia.  
867Battle of York. End of Northumbria as a political power.  
870King Edmund of East Anglia killed by Danes. East Anglia overrun.  
871Alfred becomes King of Wessex.  
874Danes settle in Yorkshire.  
877Danes settle in East Mercia.  
880Guthrum and his men settle in East Anglia. Only Wessex remains of the four Kingdoms.  
?886Boundaries of Danelaw agreed with Guthrum. Alfred occupies London. The period of the Alfredian translations and the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
892Further Danish invasion.  
896Alfred builds a fleet.  
899Death of King Alfred.  
899--954The creation of the English Kingdom.  
c. 909 Birth of Dunstan. 
937Battle of Brunanburh. Poem commemorates the battle.
954The extinction of the Scandinavian kingdom of York.  
959--975Edgar reigns.  
960 Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury. The period of the Monastic Revival. 
c. 971  The Blickling Homilies.
978 or 979Murder of King Edward.  
950--1000  Approximate dates of the poetry codices --- Junius MS, Vercelli Book, Exeter Book, and Beowulf MS.
978--1016Ethelred reigns.  
988 Death of Dunstan. 
991Battle of Maldon. Poem commemorates the battle.
990--992  Ælfric's Catholic Homilies.
993--998  Ælfric's Lives of the Saints.
1003--1023 Wulfstan Archbishop of York. 
c. 1014  Sermo Lupi ad Anglos.
1005--c. 1012 Ælfric Abbot of Eynsham. 
1013Sweyn acknowledged as King of England.  
1014Sweyn dies.  
1016Edmund Ironside dies.  
1016--1042Canute and his sons reign.  
1042--1066Edward the Confessor.  
1066Harold King. Battle of Stamford Bridge. Battle of Hastings. William I king.  


Mitchell, Bruce. An Invitation to Old English and Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995.

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2016-12-12 Mon

#2786. 칽¤Ͽ --- WALS Online [web_service][syntax][evolution][typology][word_order]

The World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS Online) ȤȤ롥¿θ͡ʴ鵭Ҥǡ١˴ŤŪʬۤϿ޾˥ץåȤƤ뵡ǽͭġǤ롥ʲؤʪȤ󶡤Ƥꡤʲؤ෿ˤ׸ǡ١ȤʤäƤ롥
ǤŪμ˭٤ǡ֡졤ä¿ˤ錄롥ɽ򥯥åƤȤǡñʬۿޤɽƤȤͥΤȤ߹碌ʬۿޤ򼨤ȤǤ֤شطõΤˤŬƤ롥㤨СVO/OV ֻ (adposition) ؤˤĤơFeature 83A 85A Ȥ߹碌ȡʬۿ롥ĤȲФΥޡΩĤĤܸ췿ΡOV礫ĸֻѡפ򼨤졤ФϱѸ췿ΡVO礫ֻѡפ򼨤Ǥ롥Ʊ褦 VO/OV NA/AN (Feature 83A 87A) Ȥ߹碌Ͽޤɽ뤳ȤǤˡʤ2Ĥϡ̾Ųؤ濴Ȥ븦ԤˤǤ줿ʸˡѲȸ٤Τʤμ㻳ʸǻȤ졤ƤΤǤ롥
ñΤǡ뤤Ȥ߹碌ǻʤͷ٤WALS Online ϡܥ֥Ǥϡ#1887. ˤͤݤ4Ĥλ ([2014-06-27-1]) Ǥ⿨ƤΤǡȤ

㻳 ָѲˤ޲ѿƯסʸˡѲȸ Ƿ ľ֡ ʹ𡦻¼ ͡ԡˡҡ294--308.

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2016-09-22 Thu

#2705. Ź浡hellog ǡ [cryptology][grammatology][cgi][web_service][statistics]

#2704. Ź ([2016-09-21-1]) ȴϢơʸͷӤΤˡ֥Ź浡פäƤߤޤϡǤñ n ʸեȤˤˤꡤʸ沽 (encipher) 뤤沽 (decipher) εǽХåɤ Perl Text::Cipher::KeywordAlphabet ⥸塼ѤƤ롥

encipher decipher
n =    


ˡΰŹ浡浡ǽΤߤƤ뤬Ѹγʸνи٤˴ŤפѤơn ͤǤ⥫ŹɤƤޤȤǤ롥



ΥŹȤȯŸϡΤθ塦̤1500ǯʾΤǤ̤Ѥ줿϶äۤñǤ롥ߤǤϰŹؼԤʤ餺Ȥ̤οͤˤ⥳ԥ塼Ȥäƴñ˲ɤǤƤޤŹȤϸƤ٤ʤۤɤ˰㤤å򱣤Ȥʹ֤ߵ߽ФܳŪʰŹʸ볫ɽˡäŪյ礭

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2016-09-11 Sun

#2694. EDD Online (2) [dialect][web_service][corpus][lmode][lexicography][edd][dictionary]

#868. EDD Online ([2011-09-12-1]) ǾҲ𤷤褦ˡJoseph Wright ˤ The English Dialect Dictionary ŻҲץȤ Innsbruck ؤǿʤƤĤǶᴰȤΤ餻ޤǥ־ΥӥǤϥȼɬפäľܼͳ˥Ǥ褦ˤʤä EDD Online ɤ

EDD Online Screenshot

ǽ⽼¤Ƥꡤ㤨оΥ꡼󥷥åȤΤ褦ˡȴϢƼ˸ڤƤϰϿ޾dzǧǤ뵡ǽ롥礦ɸ츻Ūֻ (etymological_respelling) ˴ؤĴδطǡڤƤϰ褬Ͽ޾dzǧǤȻפäƤäΤǡ򤷤
ޤΤθ The English Dialect Dictionary Υڡ򥤥᡼ȤƳǧ뤳ȤǤ롥ˤĤƤϡdialect area, part of speech, phonetic, etymology, usage label, source, morphemic, time span ʤɳƼ參ƥ꡼ˤ륵ǽ
ѥޥ˥奢ǤΤǡȤʤ餢줳ȤäƤߤ뤳Ȥ᤹롥

Wright, Joseph, ed. The English Dialect Dictionary. 6 vols. Henry Frowde, 1898--1905.

Referrer (Inside): [2023-08-03-1] [2017-08-03-1]

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2016-09-07 Wed

#2690. N-gram Tool [cgi][n-gram][statistics][corpus][web_service][frequency][cgi]

n-gram ϡפ䥳ѥؤˤŪʳǰʤǤʡ#2324. n-gram ([2015-09-07-1]), #956. COCA N-Gram Search ([2011-12-09-1]) 򻲾ȡˡƥȤꤷƤ n-gram ġϥͥåȤ¾ˤ׺ߤƤ뤬ƴʰץġCGIǼƤߤХåɤ Perl ⥸塼 Text::Ngrams ѤƤ롥

Type for analysis: word character
Size of n:
Order by: frequency alphabet
Display the first n-lines (Note: 0 means unlimited):
Normalization in statistics: unnormalized normalized

ȤϤ褽ŬĹαʸƥȤꤲСǥեȤǤñ١ 3-gram ʤӤʲ 2-gram 1-gram ޤˤΰ٤ι⤤֤ʽϹԤ¤Ϥʤˡץˤñ١ǤϤʤʸ١ˤѹǤn-gram ΥѤ롥ϤˤĤƤϡٽǤϤʤե٥åȽˤ뤳ȡϹԤ¤ߤ뤳ȡ٤ǤϤʤ١ʳ n-gram ǹפ1.0Ȥʤˤ֤Ȥǽ
ʤ1-gram ϥƥȤñɽȤʤΤǡӤˤѤǤ롥ʰŪ n-gram ġȤƤɤ

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2015-10-11 Sun

#2358. 饤ɤǤѸǯɽ [timeline][web_service]

SIMILE 󶡤 Timeline API ȤΤѤơ֥饦ǥࡼưǯɽǤȤȤΤäΤǡ饤ɤǤѸǯɽäƤߤǯɽǡϡ#777. Ѹάǯɽ ([2011-06-13-1]) ǷǤ Crystal ǤѤ뤳Ȥˤ
饤ǯɽΤΤϡ饢Ƥʤ뤤ϰʲβ򥯥åˡ塤ܤˤƲäɤȤΤ褤ǯɽ˻ž夲ƤȤ

HEL Timeline

Crystal, David. The English Language. 2nd ed. London: Penguin, 2002.

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2015-09-19 Sat

#2336. Text Analyser --- ʰץƥʬϴ [cgi][text_tool][web_service][corpus]

ǶǤϡƥʬϤΤιⵡǽʥġ뤬ڤǤ褦ˤʤäѸ쥳ѥʬϤץʤɤǤϡѸ˴Ťͤ͡׻졤䤹󼨤롥Τ褦ʥġƸɬפʤȤФʤʰץƥʬϴ CGI ƤߤΤǡ hellog ǤȤȤ֤ƤƥȥܥåʸϤꤲ



ظǤ Perl ⥸塼 Lingua::EN::Fathom ѤƤ뤬ʸǧ䲻ᥫȤʤɡưǤϴ񤷤¿뤿ᡤ̤ȤƤͤ϶ŪʤΤȤ򤵤줿ΥСǤϡʲ14ͤ򼨤Ȥˤ

(1) Number of characters
(2) Number of words (tokens)
(3) Number of types
(4) Type/token ratio
(5) Per cent of complex words
(6) Average syllables per word
(7) Number of sentences
(8) Average words per sentences
(9) Number of text lines
(10) Number of blank lines
(11) Number of paragraphs
(12) Fog index
(13) Flesch reading ease score
(14) Flesch-Kincaid grade level score

¿ͤΰ̣ϼȻפ뤬ĤˤĤƤ(4) Type/token ratio ϡä¿򼨤ɸǤ롥ƥΤ٤Ƥθ줬ơ1٤긽ˤϡ 1.0 򼨤ƥȤĹ礭¸뤿ᡤλɸñΤǤϤۤɾ̤Ϥʤ
(5) Per cent of complex words "complex words" Ȥϡ3ʾθγǤ롥(12), (13), (14) ϡƥȤɤߤ䤹λɸǤꡤ1ʸθ (words_per_sentence) 1줢β (syllables_per_word) ˴ŤƷ׻Ƥ롥ƻɸħȲλʲάҤ롥

(12) The Fog index
ɤߤ䤹ɽ魯ؤʻɸ( words_per_sentence + percent_complex_words ) * 0.4 ǵ뤳ȤǤ롥ɸοͤϳǯɽ路γǯɸṲ̄ǤСʸϤɤǤȤ롥ܰ¤ȤƤϡ8 = childish, 10 = acceptable, 12 = ideal, 14 = difficult, 18 = unreadable

(13) The Flesch reading ease score
206.835 - (1.015 * words_per_sentence) - (84.6 * syllables_per_word) ǵ롥ǹ100ǡɸ⤱й⤤ۤ򤷤䤹ƥȤǤ롥60--70ŬȤ롥

(14) Flesch-Kincaid grade level score
(11.8 * syllables_per_word) + (0.39 * words_per_sentence) - 15.59 ǵ롥ɸƹγǯɽ路㤨 8.0 ǤСΥƥȤ8ǯ̤ǤȤȤˤʤ롥7.0--8.0 ŬͤȤ롥

Referrer (Inside): [2018-09-08-1]

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