ʸꤲȡñʤ뤤Ϸǡˤ츻̤˿Ť֤äƤ褦ʸ츻ʬϥġ뤬Ȥ褤ʤȻפäƤ롥⡤ñ˸츻ΥȥؤΥĥƤ褦ʡøѸ춵ˤ褫ϤįƤǤ⤪⤷Τ褦ʥġˤ٤ι⤤ʬϥץȸ츻ǡ١δ礫ʤƤޤȼ¸Բǽ
ƱȤͤͤϤ褦㤨СVisualizing English Word Origins ϥġƤʤDouglas Harper ˤ Online Etymology Dictionary ˴ŤΥġǡĤûʸŤ츻ʬϤƤ롥ƥȤʬ̤ƥγ礬ѡȤǤ뤫ʤɤƤꡤ褽ͽ̤η̤Ф줿ȤϤ¤ˤ⤷ʬϤ˴ؤơThe Economist ˵ä
ޤϻǰʤڤȤʤäƤ뤬Ĥ http://huco.artsrn.ualberta.ca/~mburden/project/message.php?thread=Shakspere&id=174 ˴ʰŪʸ츻ʬϥġ뤬ƤξҲ ˤȤǡʤʤͭ˾ʥġä⾯ѤΤɤؾäƤޤäΤ
Ѹ츻ϢΥ饤ƥĤƤʲˤĤޤȤƤ
#485. 츻Τ뤿Υ饤: [2010-08-25-1]
Etymology Ϣγ
#361. Ѹ츻̤CGIʰǡˡ: [2010-04-23-1]
Behind the Name: The Etymology and History of First Names
Behind the Name: The Etymology and History of Surnames
츻̸פ˴ؤܥ֥ε: lexicology loan_word statistics
Etymologic! The Toughest Word Game on the Web: Ѹ츻
ޥؤȯ롤Ҷ饳ƥĤѰդƤΥΤʤˡTimeline of English Language ʤFLASHƥĤȯƤѸǯɽǡޤƳŪŪǤλѤǰƬ֤ΤäμˤϻȤ뤫⤷ʤΤǾҲ𤷤Ƥ
˴ؤ¾ΥƥĤؤΥϡˤ롥ΤΤʤɤϡ빽⤷
World Language Map
Borrowing Game
ʰǯɽȤȤǤСA brief chronology of English ʤΤĤܥ֥Ǥϡtimeline ȡ
ѥؤߤޤʤʬʬˡϢϥ־뤳Ȥ¿ʤ褦ˤפ뤬դ˾¿ơȽǤ˺롥ƼʬΤǤʥޤȤƤȻפΤسΥԡɤˤĤƹԤʤ䤬Ǥ褯Ѥ BNC ˴ϢΤ濴ˡŪǤϤ뤬ĥ롥ޤȤϫϡŤ뼰ˤɤ뤫ɸΤۤΨŪȤˤʤĤĤ롦
1. BNC ե
BNCweb ̵Ͽ
BYU-BNC ̵Ͽ
BNC ( The British National Corpus )
2. BNC Υե
Quick Reference for Simple Query Syntax (PDF)
Reference Guide for the British National Corpus (XML Edition)
Reference Guide ܼ
* 6.5 Guidelines to the Wordclass Tagging
* The BNC Basic (C5) Tagset
* 9.8 Simplified Wordclass Tags
* 9.7 Contracted forms and multiwords
* 1 Design of the Corpus
* 9.6 Text and genre classification code
3. ѥϢ祵
David Lee ˤ Bookmarks for Corpus-based Linguists
* Corpora, Collections, Data Archives
* Software, Tools, Frequency Lists, etc.
* References, Papers, Journals
* Conferences & Project
4. hellog ε
#568. ѥȱѸ쥳ѥ: [2010-11-16-1]
#506. CoRD --- Ѹ˥ѥξ: [2010-09-15-1]
#308. Ѹκѱñꥹȡ: [2010-03-01-1]
ѥϢ: corpus
BNC Ϣ: bnc
COCA Ϣ: coca
5. ġ
Corpus Frequency Wizard
Paul Rayson's Log-likelihood Calculator
VassarStats
hellog Ρ#711. Log-Likelihood Tester CGI, Ver. 2: [2011-04-08-1]
Hoffmann, Sebastian, Stefan Evert, Nicholas Smith, David Lee, and Ylva Berglund Prytz. Corpus Linguistics with BNCweb : A Practical Guide. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2008.
[2010-08-11-1]ε#471. toilet ˭٤նɽ WordNet Visuwords Ǥߤפǡ饤ѤǤͥåȥβĻ벽ġ2Ҳ𤷤ƱݤΥġȤ WordNet Υǡ١˴Ť Graph Words ɲäʲˡϢġΥƤ
Graph Words: եϤץ롥
Visuwords: եϤŤäƤ롥
Visual Thesaurus: ͭȥ饤뤢ꡥϤŤäƤ롥
碌ơǤ̾켭ŵ⥪饤˭٤˥Ǥ뤬ĤƤ
Merriam-Webster Thesaurus: Ȥ˭٤췲롥
The Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia: ĤƤꡤñؽˤ褤
Thesaurus.com: ꥹȤ롥
HyperDictionary.com: Ʊ
ꥹȤؤ륹ɥμեȥȤƤϡʲΤΤѤ뤳Ȥ롥
WordWebѸ켭եȥȤƿ͵롥
TheSage's English Dictionary and Thesaurusե줤
˱Ѹ켭ŵϡʲġ
HTOED (Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary)
TOE (A Thesaurus of Old English)
ͥåȥβĻ벽ġäƤ뤦ˡñ˥ɤ˴ϢäΥͥåȥΤȤƤǤʤɤθιΤȤѤ뤳ȤǤ뤳Ȥȯ㤨СGraph Words ¿ "star" ΥͥåȥƤߤȡ褽̤Ȥ˻ޤΥ롼פǤƤ뤳Ȥ狼롥Ƹñִˤ뼨ȤǤϤ뤬ӤäݤפƤȤʰʲϲåˡ

"star" Τ褦¿ˤĤƤϡĻ벽ġϸιƤ롤ΥġȤƤͭʤΤǤϤʤ
Ѹ˥ե줫Ѥ줿ñꥹȤϤɤαѸ˳ˤǺܤƤ뤬ܥ֥Ǥؤ˻ȤǤ褦˰ġäƤߤ
եѸδʰץǡ١Baugh and Cable (169--74, 177) ˴Ťƺ̣¾δ9ĤΥƥʬ (Miscellany; Fashion, Meals, and Social Life; Art, Learning, Medicine; Government and Administration; Law; Army and Navy; Christian Church; 15th-Century Literary Words; Phrases) 954Ĥθ礫ʤǡǼƥȥե顤ƥȤ10˼ФΤʲΥꥹȤǤ롥ΥꥹȤ˰ʤС
please, curious, scandal, approach, faggot, push, fierce, double, purify, carpenter
train, pullet, mustard, sugar, enamel, mackerel, sole, fashion, jollity, russet
pulse, color, cloister, pen, pillar, ceiling, base, lattice, cellar, sulphur
rebel, retinue, reign, duchess, allegiance, treaty, nobility, court, tax, statute
mainpernor, arson, judge, property, culpable, amerce, convict, bounds, innocent, legacy
arm, array, arms, soldier, chieftain, portcullis, havoc, brandish, stratagem, combat
incense, faith, abbey, passion, immortality, cardinal, friar, legate, virtue, convent
ingenious, appellation, destitution, harangue, prolongation, furtive, sumptuous, combustion, diversify, representation
according to, to hold one's peace, without fail, in vain, on the point of, subject to, to make believe, by heart, at large, to draw near
ֻǤϤʤȯǰŻҡ˼ϤĤ뤬ȯĸˤʤɤŪˤϡҤȤĻȤ꤬äˡܳŪʥꥹȤȤϡڤñʤɤŪŪˤϡäȴؤ˻Ȥ븡ġ뤬ߤǡGrady Ward's Moby ɤǤ Moby Pronunciator ΰ̥ե˴ޤޤƤ롤̵̵¤Ѳǽȯǡ١ The Carnegie Mellon Pronouncing Dictionary ߤˤȯġΥǡ١110935ĤΥȥʤ륢ꥫѸȯǤ3MBʾ夢ǡեˡ
| Phoneme | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| AA | odd | AA D |
| AE | at | AE T |
| AH | hut | HH AH T |
| AO | ought | AO T |
| AW | cow | K AW |
| AY | hide | HH AY D |
| B | be | B IY |
| CH | cheese | CH IY Z |
| D | dee | D IY |
| DH | thee | DH IY |
| EH | Ed | EH D |
| ER | hurt | HH ER T |
| EY | ate | EY T |
| F | fee | F IY |
| G | green | G R IY N |
| HH | he | HH IY |
| IH | it | IH T |
| IY | eat | IY T |
| JH | gee | JH IY |
| K | key | K IY |
| L | lee | L IY |
| M | me | M IY |
| N | knee | N IY |
| NG | ping | P IY NG |
| OW | oat | OW T |
| OY | toy | T OY |
| P | pee | P IY |
| R | read | R IY D |
| S | sea | S IY |
| SH | she | SH IY |
| T | tea | T IY |
| TH | theta | TH EY T AH |
| UH | hood | HH UH D |
| UW | two | T UW |
| V | vee | V IY |
| W | we | W IY |
| Y | yield | Y IY L D |
| Z | zee | Z IY |
| ZH | seizure | S IY ZH ER |
MED (Middle English Dictionary) 2001ǯ˥饤Ƥ顤ѸθĶϤȤƤĤʤˤʤäФȰ֤θ˴ؤƤϡ̾ΥեΤۤɽбեѰդƤꡤͳ٤⤤
θ̤νϤ⡤ФȤΥȥؤΥĥƤǡ֤μˤؤǤ롥ǧˤϡȥʸФʤФʤʤǡPerl5ɽбϷ̤ǸФȤȤ˰֤ǧǤ븡ġֻܤMEDˤɤ
оݤϡγƥȥ "headword and forms" ʬǤ롥ɽǤϡ첻դ줿ĹûΤ̵뤵롥<æ, Æ> <A>, <þ, Þ, ð, ð> <T>, <ȝ, Ȝ> <3>, <œ> <O> ȤƸʸ˻Ǥ롥Ȥơ̤θФ측ˤ "^taken\b" -li ˤ "li\b \(adv\.\)" ΰϽˡ
The DICT Development Group ˤ DICT.ORG ϡ־͡ʸåǡ١伭Ѥ뤿Ūʻͤ륵ӥǤ롥ϿƤåǡ١Ѥ륤ե
Ȥϸåǡ١ȸƤŬڤʤΤϡȯʤɤͿƤȤϡʼȤֻξˤΰΤդŪǹԤʤøΤˡñꥹȤΤΩġ
DICT.ORG ѤǤ뼭ϥ饤ǸƤ̵ΤΤ¿åǡ١ȤƤλѤȤСǽŪˤϽʬǤ롥ˡ"strategy" ȸƤФ롨ʲȡˤϡŻҼʤɤǤߤΡֻδסססʬפΤۤɽⴰ˥ݡȤƤꡤֻθФ Levenshtein distance Soundex algorithm Ƥ롥
Strategy Description
--------- -----------
first : Match the first word within headwords
exact : Match headwords exactly
re : POSIX 1003.2 (modern) regular expressions
last : Match the last word within headwords
nprefix : Match prefixes (skip, count)
soundex : Match using SOUNDEX algorithm
lev : Match headwords within Levenshtein distance one
word : Match separate words within headwords
suffix : Match suffixes
regexp : Old (basic) regular expressions
substring : Match substring occurring anywhere in a headword
prefix : Match prefixes
ε[2012-06-28-1]ǾҲ𤷤Ѹåǡ١ MRC Psycholinguistic Database ܥ֥夫ʰġºݤˤϸġȤϡMRC Psycholinguistic Database ѤȡʤȤǤȤȤǥǤˤϷ̤10ԤΤߤ˸ꤷƤ롥ܳŪʻѤˤϡڡǡ١ȸץɤ뤫־Υե (Online search (answers limited to 5000 entries) or Online search (limited search capabilities)) ɤ
# ʸǸäʬ
select NLET, count(NLET) from mrc2 group by NLET;
# ǿǸäʬ
select NPHON, count(NPHON) from mrc2 group by NPHON;
# Ǹäʬ
select NSYL, count(NSYL) from mrc2 group by NSYL;
# -ed ǽƻٽ
select WORD, K_F_FREQ from mrc2 where WTYPE = 'J' and WORD like '%ed' order by K_F_FREQ desc;
# 2̾졤ƻ졤ưѥȤʬ (#814. ̾ưʤ̷ư ([2011-07-20-1]) ڤӡ#801. ̾ưε (3) ([2011-07-07-1]) ȡ
select WTYPE, STRESS, count(*) from mrc2 where NSYL = 2 and WTYPE in ('N', 'J', 'V') group by WTYPE, STRESS;
# <gh> ֻǽꡤ/f/ ȯǽ
select distinct WORD, DPHON from mrc2 where WORD like '%gh' and DPHON like '%f';
# Ե§ʣٽ
select WORD, K_F_FREQ from mrc2 where IRREG = 'Z' and TQ2 != 'Q' order by K_F_FREQ desc;
# ߿Ūʰ̣ĸ
select distinct WORD, FAM from mrc2 where FAM > 600 and CONC > 600;
# 䤹
select distinct WORD, IMAG from mrc2 order by IMAG desc limit 30;
# ̣ͭפʸ
select distinct WORD, MEANC, MEANP from mrc2 order by MEANC + MEANP desc limit 30;
# ̾ưʤʻˤäƶѥΰۤʤ
select WORD, WTYPE, DPHON from mrc2 where VAR = 'O';
ؤʬǤϤ褯Τ줿Ѹθåǡ١Τ褦#1131. 2̾ưŵŪʶѥ ([2012-06-01-1]) ȡ#1132. ñʻ̤γ ([2012-06-02-1]) ǻȤ Amano ʸˤơ¸ߤΤäMRC Psycholinguistic Database ϡ150837줫ʤʸåǡ١Ǥ롥Ƹ˸ŪӿŪ26°ꤵƤꡤʣʾŬ礹ΥꥹȤñ˺ФȤǤΤħŪäؤμ¸ѤåꥹȤʤɤӤä˻Ȥ뤬ѥȤ߹碌Ǥϡưפ˸׳ؤθѤǤ
ѥϼ¤¿ˤ錄롥ʸǿλ˻ϤޤꡤΥѥ˴Ť٤ϰϤˤʤߤǽŪʻɸȤơ familiarity, concreteness, imageability, meaningfulness ʤɤꤵƤ롥ʻʤɤ쥫ƥϤƬά졤ϥեʤɤη֥ƥλǤ롥ȯ䶯ѥλˤбƤ롥Ȥ߹碌ˤäơ褽ΤȤǤΤǤϤʤȻפ碌̤Ǥ롥
ǡ١ȸץɤǤ뤬ץѥ뤹ʤݤ¿Τǡ־ΥեѤΤǤ롥2ĤΥեѰդƤꡤ줾쵡ǽϸꤵƤ뤬̾ӤˤϽʬ
Online search (answers limited to 5000 entries): ѥκ٤꤬ǽϷ̤5000ޤǤ˸¤롥
Online search (limited search capabilities): Ϸ̤ο¤ϤʤŪʥѥκ٤ֻȯΥѥľܻʤɡˤϤǤʤ
Amano, Shuichi. "Rhythmic Alternation and the Noun-Verb Stress Difference in English Disyllabic Words." ̾Ų¤̾Ų¤ݽûס 15 (2009): 83--90.
[2011-11-25-1]ε#942. LAEME Index of Sources θġפ SQL ˤ븡 CGI Ƕᡤ LAEME ܳŪ˻ȤꡤѤΥǡ١˾ɲäǡ̸ߴȤʤ Ver. 2 äΤǡ롥
ɲäϡPERIOD, COUNTY, DIALECT 3եɡPERIOD ϡȤȤ IOS ͿƤƥȤ DATE ȤˡȾڤ绨Ĥ˶ʬʤΡC13b2--C14a1 ʤɶʬΤޤˤϡᤤۤȤä C13b ɤؤ"ca. 1300" ʤɤƱͤˡᤤۤݤ C13b ȤDATE ˤ C13, C14 ʤȾǶڤʤǯ夬ͿƤˤϡC13, C14 Τ褦ˤΤޤĤ
COUNTY ϡLOC ͿƤȤˡ3ʸάɽǼDIALECT ϡ°뽣 (county) Ȥ绨Ĥ N (Northern), NWM (North-West Midland), NEM (North-East Midland), SEM (South-East Midland), SWM (South-West Midland), SW (Southwestern), SE (Southeastern) 7˶ʬΤǤ롥ϽȰפƤ櫓ǤϤʤΤΤ⡤#130. Ѹʬ ([2009-09-04-1]) #1030. England θѸʬ (2) ([2012-02-21-1]) Ǹ褦ˡäơ DIALECT Ϳ⡤[2009-09-04-1]ѸϿޤ绨Ĥ˾Ȥ餷ƤβΤΤǤ롥ͤޤǤˡCOUNTY DIALECT бɽ
# PERIOD ˿ʬ줿ƥȤο
select distinct PERIOD, count(*) from ios group by PERIOD;
# COUNTY ˿ʬ줿ƥȤο
select distinct COUNTY, count(*) from ios group by COUNTY;
# DIALECT ˿ʬ줿ƥȤο
select distinct DIALECT, count(*) from ios group by DIALECT;
# DIALECT/PERIOD Ȥˡ°ƥȤ¿˥ꥹȥå
select distinct DIALECT, PERIOD, count(*) from ios group by DIALECT, PERIOD order by count(*) desc;
# Worcestershire ΥƥȤФPERIOD ˽
select TEXT_ID, FILE, MS, COUNTY, PERIOD, TAGGED_WORDS from ios where COUNTY = 'WOR' order by PERIOD;
COCA ( Corpus of Contemporary American English ) Ĥ Mark Davies [2012-01-08-1]ε#986. COCA "WORD AND PHRASE . INFO"פǾҲ𤷤ǽ (Frequency List) ˲äʸꤲCOCA١dzƸ˴ؤŤ֤Ƥ륵ӥ WORD AND PHRASE . INFO, ANALYZE TEXT
Ŭʱʸꤲȡñ줬٥٥ˤäƿʬ줿֤֤롥500ޤǤĶٸġ3,000ޤǤιٸСʲ٤θϲǼۤacademic word ֻȤ֤롥ʸǤΤ줾γ⼨졤θåꥹȤФȤưפƸϥå֥ǡåΥץ뤬 KWIC DZڥɽ롥ޤڥˤ줬롥ʲϡε#1040. ̻ŪѲȶŪѰۡ ([2012-03-02-1]) ˰ѤʸꤲǤΥåȡ

ʸȤˤ collocation synonym Ĵ٤ʤȤ¿ΤǡȤǤϱѺʸؽ˰ϤȯʸϤ academic ٤ȽꤹΤˤȤ롥Academic Word List ˴ޤޤäδͭ٤ȤȤǤС[2010-12-30-1]ε#612. Academic Word Listפǵ The AWL Highlighter ġ
COCA ( Corpus of Contemporary American English ) Ĥ Mark Davies ǯˡCOCA١Ǹ˴ؤǤ륵ӥ WORD AND PHRASE . INFO lemma ٤Ǿ60,000˸¤ˤϤȡ뤴Ȥ٤䤽Υ饤ϤȤꡤWordNet ˴Ť췲ޤǤ̾˸롥ۤȤɤιܤåǽǡʤ뵡ǽؤȥǤ롥եľŪǻȤ䤹
츦 collocation ˤΩĻͤˤʤäΤǤϤʤ㤨Сsemantic_prosody ä[2011-03-12-1]ε#684. semantic prosody ʸˡƥפǡո utterly, absolutely, perfectly, totally, completely, entirely, thoroughly ˤĤƤθҲ𤷤WORD AND PHRASE . INFO utterly ϤС췲ɥ˰롥ȤϡƸåƤ椯ǡ٤ collocation ξܺ٤롥Τ褦ĤΤ˸̤ȯ

##953,954,955 εǡǶ줿 COCA ( Corpus of Contemporary American English ) n-gram ǡ١ѤƤߤCOCA ˸ 2-grams, 3-grams, 4-grams, 5-grams ˤĤơ줾100ɽǡ١ǡ긵ˤƤС COCA ΥեǤϸˤɽθǽȤʤ롥
n-gram Υǡ١ϡᥬХȤ̤ΥƥȥեǡľܸˤϽŤǡSQLite ǡ١ؤȳǼSQL ʸˤ븡ǽȤʤ褦˸ץȤʲϡ̤κǽ10ԤϤ CGI Ǥ롥
# 1-grams ǡֻٽ˼Фʤcase-sensitive ʤΤǺƽפɬס
select * from one where pos1 like "i%" order by freq desc;
# 2-grams ǡϥʤΤٽ˼Ф
select * from two where word1 = "handsome" and pos1 = "jj" and pos2 like "nn_" order by freq desc;
# 2-grams ǡ"absolutely (adj.)" ǶĴƻٽ˼Ф[2011-03-12-1]ε#684. semantic prosody ʸˡƥפȡ
select * from two where word1 = "absolutely" and pos2 = "jj" order by freq desc;
# 3-grams ǡ٤ as ... as ɽФ
select * from three where word1 = "as" and word3 = "as" order by freq desc;
# 4-grams ǡ٤ from ... to ... ɽФ
select * from four where word1 = "from" and pos1 = "ii" and word3 = "to" and pos3 = "ii" order by freq desc;
# 5-grams ǡõ롨 "die of" "die from" ɤѻ
select * from five where word1 in ("die", "dies", "died", "dying") and pos1 like "vv%" and word2 in ("of", "from") and pos2 like "i%" order by word3;
n-gram ǡ١¤˻ȤʤˤϡΤ褦ˤ줿̤Ȥˤ˾ʤꡤʣθ̤դ碌ʤɤιפɬפ
LAEME Auxiliary Data Sets -> Index of Sources ȥ˥塼ɤȡLAEME оݤȤƤƥȥΥꥹ (The LAEME Index of Sources) ͡ʳ٤鸡ƼФȤǤ롥LAEME Υƥȥǡ١ǯ̡̡Grid Reference ̤ʤɤδʬϤˡŬڤʥƥȤΰΤǡLAEME ȤʤΤˤ˽פʵǽǤ롥
⤦˾줿ꡤνϤѥȤɽлȤ꤬褤ȻפäƤǡIndex of Sources ȼ˥ǡ١SQL ѤƸǽˤƤߤLAEME λѼԤǡSQLͰʳˤϲΩʤΤääΤǸ
# Ancrene Wisse/Riwle ΥƥȾμФ
select TEXT_ID, MS, FILE, GRID, LOC, DATE, TEXT from ios where FILE like "%ar%t.tag" and TEXT like "%Ancrene%";
# Poema Morale ΥƥȾμФ
select TEXT_ID, MS, FILE, GRID, LOC, DATE, TEXT from ios where FILE like "%pm%t.tag" and TEXT like "%Poema%";
# Grid Reference ͿƤƥȤμФ
select TEXT_ID, MS, FILE, GRID from ios where GRID != "000 000";
# DATE "C13a" ޤƥȤμФ
select TEXT_ID, DATE from ios where DATE like "%C13a%";
# ǯ头Ȥ˽
select DATE, count(DATE) from ios group by DATE order by DATE;
# դƤƥȤȤ˳ǧ
select TEXT_ID, TAGGED_WORDS, PLACE_NAMES, PERSONAL_NAMES from ios;
# ƥȾؤΥ
select TEXT_ID, MS, FILE, URL from ios;
ۤ reference corner ˡŤᤫˤμΤƤʬǤϤޤȤȤϤʤʤȻפäƤǯʸ˴Ϣ eyes ʡܡפʣˤбѸνѸ丽ѸǤɤΤ褦ȯãʬۤѲƤĴ٤ɬפꡤΤȤˤμΤƤä褦˻פʤ̤ Hotta (2005) ˤꡥ[2009-12-02-1]εeyes ɽ172ֻ̤פ⻲ȡˡJoseph Wright ˤ6Τμ The English Dialect Dictionary (EDD) Ǥ롥
ʹߤ⤿ޤ˳Ϥääزǡμ饤줿Τäפ֤ EDD ˿ɤȻפ®Ƥߤ뤳ȤˤInnsbruck ؤ Prof. Manfred Markus ǤԤ̳ SPEED (Spoken English in Early Dialects) ץȤ̤ EDD Online beta-version Ǥ롥ǤϴǤǤϤʤȤĤĤ⡤Ǥ˸εǽ˭٤˼Ƥ˭٤ƳѻڤʤۤɡˡؽѸѤ˻ѵĤ̵ǥǤ롥ѥޥ˥奢⻲ȡ
®ѵĤƥƤߤĴ٤बʤˤȤäƤϡڤ˿ǭ˾ȽᤷʡФ측 eye Ƥߤꤷơʢǰʡˡʤ"structured view" ɽȡǤꤺäȸ䤹ΤǤǤͭѡˡMarkus زǤƤ̤ꡤ͡ʸǽΤ褦Ǥ롥Ф측ʸϤΤȡdialect area ǤϸˤäƤ county ٥ϰǤ롥usage label Ǥ٥٥롤̣٥denotation, simile, synonym ʤɡˡѥ٥derogatory, slang ʤɡˤξ꤬ǽǤ롥etymology εǽäƤ롥Ȥ߹碌Сϰθ줫μѸäδطʤɤƤ뤫⤷ʤˡͤäƤϡޤ EDD ɤΤ褦ʼEDD Online ɤΤ褦ʵǽƤΤؤФʤС
EDD ΤΤˤĤƤϡVARIENG (Research Unit for Variation, Contacts and Change in English) ˷ǺܤƤ롤Markus ˤ Wright's English Dialect Dictionary computerised: towards a new source of information 褯ޤȤޤäƤ롥
ʸ嵭2022/10/21(Fri)EDD SPEED ؤΥڤƤΤȯEDD Ͽɤ
Hotta, Ryuichi. "A Historical Study on 'eyes' in English from a Panchronic Point of View." Studies in Medieval English Language and Literature 20 (2005): 75--100.
Wright, Joseph, ed. The English Dialect Dictionary. 6 vols. Henry Frowde, 1898--1905.
Ѹ椷ƤȡLALME Dot Map ΥϿޤȻפ롥LALME ϿޤѤΤǤХԡꥹꤹФ褤饤 LAEME Ǥ "Mapping" ǽ "Feature Maps" äܤ٤ܤ˴ؤϿޤϥǥ롥ԤǤϡ"Create a Feature Map" ʤ桼ˤϿǽ⤪ɲäȤΤȤǡѸؤΥ奢벽ϺŸƹԤȻפ롥
Ǥ͡ʺؤϤ롥㤨СLAEME Ǥ⡤ʬδؿΤܤ LAEME ΤǰƤʤϿǽΩʤ㤨СѸ̾ʣθǤ̾ŪʸˡפLAEME text database ǤդƤʤΤǥեˤϳѤǤʤäˡLALME ˤĤƤϤ⤽Ͽޤǥ벽ƤѤˤϿޤΥǥ벽ʤȤƥȾɸΥǥ벽˾ޤˡ
Ǥ⡤ޤͤԤäƤ櫓ˤϹԤʤ¸Υġȼʬδؿ糵ƤΤǤꡤ鸦ĶɬפΤѸϿޤ˴ؤ¤ꡤLALME LAEME ƥȤͿС齸ܤ˴ؤǡϿ˥ץåȤ뤳ȤϽʬ˲ǽǤ롥ʼפϾʤȻפ뤬ˤκȤǤز뤿ˡHelMapperUK ʤ CGI ƤߤѹΥ١ޥå˥ǡݥȤץåȤȤñǽòƤꡤĤʤɤղõǽϤʤ奢벽ƳѤĤȤӤˤϽʬȻפ롥
ܥ֥ǤϡűѸ졤Ѹ졤եΰѤ䡤IPA ݲɸʸפʤɤȯϤ뵡¿Τ̤¿ȡüʸü쵭Ǥߤ路ʤäƤ롥κݤȻפASCIIʸϤǤ뵭ˡŪʸѴġƤߤѸˤμդѤ뤳Ȥ¿ʸѴоݤˤΤǡ̾դ hel typist͡㡤ˡ
ʲˡѤ Log-Likelihood Tester, Ver. 2 ʸ褦ˡϥǡΥեޥåȤ䡤⡼ɤŬڤƤʤˤϥСǥ顼ǽΤա
| though | although | |
|---|---|---|
| Natural and pure sciences | 56.3 | 80.13 |
| Applied science | 37.36 | 68.31 |
| World affairs | 45.81 | 68.2 |
| Social science | 48.98 | 63.38 |
| Commerce and finance | 46.18 | 57.21 |
| Arts | 74.07 | 52.93 |
| Leisure | 45.85 | 49.46 |
| Belief and thought | 70.78 | 46.75 |
| Imaginative prose | 80.2 | 26.37 |
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