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츦塤ϤʤƤϤʤʤǤ롥ܥ֥濴ŪǤѸ˸ˤƤ⡤ƻμ̻ŪʼϤʤƤϤʤʤġȤƿͤκäΤǤ롥ԻԤθ٤ȿǤƤΤԻԸĿͤΥХ⤫äƤΤǤ롥츦Τˤϡդռ˼ʤӸμˤѤɬפΤΤ褦ʤƥեʴϰռγ֤뤳Ȥ¿㤨Сҿ OED ξǤдְ㤤ϤʤʤɤŪʿƤޤȤϤ褯롥
Ѹܤȡ㤨бѸ˾αѸ켭Ȥ 1604ǯ Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall ȡⲼäƵϼϤ1755ǯ Samuel Johnson A Dictionary of the English Language ȤǤϡԻ줿طʤۤʤи٤ۤʤΤǡƱФʤɤ٤ȤƤ⡤ˤϳΤ̻ŪѲȿǤƤǽϤΤΡ⤽ԻտޤۤʤȤθƤʤˤܤ˹礦⤷ʤColeman (99--100) ŦƤ롥
For example, the title of Cawdrey's Table Alphabetical (1604) explains that the dictionary was compiled "for the benefit and help of ladies, gentlewomen, or any other unskillful persons. Whereby they may the more easily and better understand many hard English words, which they shall hear or read in scriptures, sermons, or elsewhere, and also be made able to use the same aptly themselves" (spelling modernized). Similarly often quoted is the preface to Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language (1755):
When I took the first survey of my undertaking, I found our speech copious without order, and energetic without rules: wherever I turned my view, there was perplexity to be disentangled, and confusion to be regulated; choice was to be made out of boundless variety, without any established principle of selection. (Johnson 1755: Preface)
These quotations illustrate changing ideas about the status of English and the purpose of a dictionary. Cawdrey acknowledged that the vocabulary of English was varied and challenging, but apparently did not consider this to be a problem. His purpose was to help uneducated people struggling to understand loans from classical and modern languages: the deficit was in English speakers, not the language. Johnson, on the other hand, considered the exuberance of English to be problematic in itself, and for him the priorities were regulation and control of the language.
17 Cawdrey ϱѸüԤˤȹͤƤ18ȾФ Johnson ϱѸ줽ΤΤˤȹͤƤԻΥݥꥷߤ˰ۤʤäƤΤ̵̤ȤǤ롥
ɸˤǤ̤ŪϸΩŪʾǤϤʤײǽ⤤Τռ˼СṲ̄ơ̻ŪʸѲξڵʤȤ⡤ƻθ٤ǤȤȤʤΤ⤷ʤŪϻȤ褦Ǥ롥
Coleman, Julie. "Using Dictionaries and Thesauruses as Evidence." Chapter 7 of The Oxford Handbook of the History of English. Ed. Terttu Nevalainen and Elizabeth Closs Traugott. New York: OUP, 2012. 98--110.
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