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2021-10-28 Thu

#4567. ˡưκỤ̄ǧỤ̄Ʊ路Ƥͳ [auxiliary_verb][modality][cognitive_linguistics][semantic_change][conceptual_metaphor][metaphor]

#4564. ˡưκỤ̄ǧỤ̄ ([2021-10-25-1]) ˰³ˡư2ĤˡˤĤơmay ˼ȡ?Ƥ褤פȤĤɽ魯Ụ̄ȡ?⤷ʤפȤǽɽ魯ǧỤ̄롥2Ĥΰ̣ϤʤƱ路ƤΤ
ˤĤƤϱѸؤǤ͡ʬϤƤʤƤSweetser ǧΰ̣˴Ť⤬ܤ롥ˤȡmay κỤ̄ϡּҲʪˤŪʾ㳲ʤפȤȤǤ롥㤨 John may go. ֥ϤäƤ褤פϡŪˡ֥󤬹ԤȤˤŪʾ㳲ʤפ̣롥ۤʤо㳲Ƥ뤫⤷ʤǤϤΤ褦ʾ㳲ʤȤȤ
may ǧỤ̄ϡǧˤŪʾ㳲ʤפȤȤǤ롥㤨СJohn may be there. ֥Ϥˤ뤫⤷ʤפϡǧŪʴ֥󤬤ˤȤˤŪʾ㳲ʤפ̣롥ߤμμ˴ŤСΤ褦˿뤳ȤǤ롤ȤȤ
ĤޤꡤҲʪˤŪʾ㳲ʤפǧοˤŪʾ㳲ʤפ˥ޥåԥ󥰤ƤȤΤξԤϡʲΤ褦ƱΥ᡼ޤ˴ŤƲ᤹뤳ȤǤ롥ΤȤŪʾ㳲ʤ鱦̤ȴȤ᡼

              
              
              
              
              
              
      ġġġġġġġġĢ
              
              

Sweetser (60) ϤΥ᡼ޤι¤ˤĤơΤ褦롥

1. In both the sociophysical and the epistemic worlds, nothing prevents the occurrence of whatever is modally marked with may; the chain of events is not obstructed.
2. In both the sociophysical and the epistemic worlds, there is some background understanding that if things were different, something could obstruct the chain of events. For example, permission or other sociophysical conditions could change; and added premises might make the reasoner reach a different conclusion.


ʬϤ must can ʤɡỤ̄ǧỤ̄¾ˡưˤŬѤǤ롥must ˤĤƤ Sweetser (64) βˤꡤ䴰줿

. . . I propose that the root-modal meanings can be extended metaphorically from the "real" (sociophysical) world to the epistemic world. In the real world, the must in a sentence such as "John must go to all the department parties" is taken as indicating a real-world force imposed by the speaker (and/or by some other agent) which compels the subject of the sentence (or someone else) to do the action (or bring about its doing) expressed in the sentence. In the epistemic world the same sentence could be read as meaning "I must conclude that it is John's habit to go to the department parties (because I see his name on the sign-up sheet every time, and he's always out on those nights)." Here must is taken as indicating an epistemic force applied by some body of premises (the only thing that can apply epistemic force), which compels the speaker (or people in general) to reach the conclusion embodied in the sentence. This epistemic force is the counterpart, in the epistemic domain, of a forceful obligation in the sociophysical domain. The polysemy between root and epistemic senses is thus seen (as suggested above) as the conventionalization, for this group of lexical items, of a a metaphorical mapping between domains.


Sweetser, E. From Etymology to Pragmatics. Cambridge: CUP, 1990.

Referrer (Inside): [2024-11-05-1]

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