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dangling_participle - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-08-28 00:27

2022-06-01 Wed

#4783. 졩 [participle][syntax][dangling_participle][infinitive]

#4754. ʬ ([2022-05-03-1])#4764. Ūʷʬεȼ ([2022-05-13-1])#4765. ֻ˶Ťʬ ([2022-05-14-1]) εˤơjudging from/by ... λǰƬ˷ʬ (dangling_participle) 夲μζͭȤʬ칽ʸΩֻ˶ŤΤȲ᤹뤳ȤǤ롥
褦ˤߤ롥ΩȸƤФˡ귿ȤƤ褯ߤ뤬ξΰ̣ơַפʤɤȸƤФ뤳ȤϤʤ褦ʤʤˡ

to be frank
to be honest with you
to be sure
to begin with
to do someone justice
to make a long story short
to make matters worse
to say the least of it
to tell the truth
so to speak

2Ĥε ([2022-05-13-1]) ǡʬŪɽϸűѸǧȤȤäˤĤƤϤɤVisser (987) ˤȡѸȶѸǤ "extremely frequent" űѸ줫 Wulfstan's Homilies hrædest to secganne ("for that matter" ۤɤΰդˤȤ㤷ǧǤʤȤʸ󤲤Ƥ

Wulfstan, Hom. (Napier) 27, 1, ðyder sculon wiccan and wigleras, hrædest to secganne ealle ða manfullan, ðe ær yfel worhton and noldan geswican ne wið god ðingian. | Idem 36, 7, ðonne wyrð ðæt wæter mid ðam halgan gaste ðurhgoten, and, hrædest to secganne eal, ðæt se sacerd deð ðurh ða halgan ðenunge gesawenlice, eal hit fulfremeð se halga gast gerynelice. | Idem 115, 3, ðider sculan ðeofas ... and, hrædest to secganne ealle ða manfullan.


θˤߤƤߤȡʬδ֤ɤ줬ߤ줿褦Ǥ롥㤨СǤʬѤ speaking of ... ̤ѸѸǤ to speak of ... Τ褦Ѥäޤjudging from/by ... ˤĤƤ⡤ѸʤɤѤ to judge from/by ... äƤ롥դϥѥ̻ŪĴ٤ƤߤȤ⤷

Visser, F. Th. An Historical Syntax of the English Language. 3 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1963--1973.

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2022-05-14 Sat

#4765. ֻ˶Ťʬ [participle][syntax][grammaticalisation][preposition][french][contact][dangling_participle][conjunction]

ε#4764. Ūʷʬεȼ ([2022-05-13-1]) ³ʬεˤĤơ
ιʸ Jespersen (407) "dangling participle" "loose participle" ȸƤӡڡˤ錄äƵƤ롥Ȥ櫓 pp. 409--10 Ǥϡ"perfectly established" ΤȤ allowing for, talking of, speaking of, judging by, judging from, saving, begging your pardon, strictly speaking, generally speaking, counting, taking, considering 㤬󤲤Ƥ롥
pp. 410--11 Ǥϡ˴ֻ˶᤯ʤäΤȤơѸʹߤ˭٤ʸȤȤ˵󤲤Ƥ롥ιͻΤˤ⡤˰ѤƤ

22.29. A loose participle sometimes approaches the value of a preposition. This use is with possibly doubtful justice ascribed to French influence by Ross, The Absolute Participle, 30. Examples: Ch B 4161 as touching daun Catoun | More U 64 Now as touchyng this question . . . But as concernyng this matter . . . | Caxton R 11 touchyng this complaint | Hawthorne S 247 I am utterly bewildered as touching the purport of your words | Caxton R 54 alle were there sauyng reynard | Gay BP 40 . . . a Jew; and bating their religion, to women they are a good sort of people | Hawthorne Sn 51 barring the casualties to which such a complicated piece of mechanism is liable | Quincey 116 one may bevouack decently, barring rain and wind, up to the end of October | Scott I 31 incapable of being removed, excepting by the use of the file | Di Do 239 Edith, saving for a curl of her lip, was motionless | Dreiser F 292 what chance would he have, presuming her faithfulness itself | Defoe R 2.190 his discourse was prettily deliver'd, considering his youth | Hope D 77 Considering his age, your conduct is scandalous | Thack N 5 there may be nothing new under and including the sun.
   Cf. also regarding, respecting (e.g. Ruskin S 1.291) | according to (Caxton R 57, etc.) | owing to | granting (Stevenson JHF 103 even granting some impediments, why was this gentleman to be received by me in secret?).
   Cf. pending, during, notwithstanding 6.34.
   On the transition of seeing, granting, supposing, notwithstanding with or without that to use as conjunctions, see ch. XXI; on being see above 6.35.


ˤȡʬϥե󥹸бʸαƶη̤Ȥߤʤ⤢褦εǤߤȤűѸ˥롼Ĥõ뤳ȤǤʾ塤ʤȤե󥹸줫αƶΤߤ˰͵򤹤ǤϤʤ
ѤκǸʬˤ褦ˡޤǤ˴ֻ첽뤤³첽Τ㤢Τǡjudging from ͻäơΤ褦ʻˤܤۤäƤɬפ롥

Jespersen, Otto. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Part 5. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1954.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-06-01-1]

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2022-05-13 Fri

#4764. Ūʷʬεȼ [participle][syntax][grammaticalisation][preposition][dangling_participle]

#4754. ʬ ([2022-05-03-1]) Ǽ夲褦ˡjudging from Τ褦˴ɽȤ夷Ƥʬ (dangling participle) 㤬롥speaking of, strictly speaking, considering, including ʤɤ֤ȤȸʬȤƻϤޤäɽʸˡ (grammaticalisation) ФơǽŪֻ˶ᤤΤȯŸƤΤȹͤ뤳ȤǤ롥
칽¤ˤĤơVisser (1075) 1䤤Ƥ롥ŪɽϤǤ˸űѸˤäȤΤȤ

>>
   1075 --- Types 'Speaking of daughters, I have seen Miss Dombey' 'This is, strictly speaking, no quibble'

   Here follow a number of instances of the use of non-related free -ing adjuncts which have nowadays begun to be generally considered established usage. In this case the adjunct never takes the having + past participle or the being + past participle form. Some of the adjuncts are more or less halfway in their development to prepositions, e.g. 'talking of' = 'apropos of'.
   It seems worth while to cite the following Old English passage as being a kind of forerunner of the idiom under discussion: Ælfric, Gen. 13, 10, 'eall se eard . . . wæs mirige mid wætere gemenged swa swa godes neorxna wang and swa swa Egipta land becumendum on Segor' (Auth. V.: as thou comest unto Zoar). A Middle English instance is: c1450 Cov. Myst. p. 387, 'My name is great and marveylous, treuly you telland.'


Visser ƱǡѸ¿Ĥġ16δϢɽ󤷤Ƥ롥allowing, begging, considering, counting, excluding, excusing, granting, including, judging, letting alone, reckoning, speaking, supposing, taking, talking, waiving
Ʊˤϡ򷡤겼ƤäơɬŪ˸ŤΤǤϤ뤬ͭѤʻʸ¿Ҳ𤵤ƤΤǡդ꤫饹ȤΤ褵

Visser, F. Th. An Historical Syntax of the English Language. 3 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1963--1973.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-06-01-1] [2022-05-14-1]

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2022-05-03 Tue

#4754. ʬ [participle][syntax][khelf][dangling_participle]

Ѹ˥ե (khelf) ǡGW夬äƤ꤬1Ĥ롥ʸˡǡַʬ (dangling participle) ȸƤФƤ븽ݤ塤ޤäƤʤΤǡѸ켭ŵŪʲ򤢤ƤޤؿѸؼŵ (283) ꡥ

dangling participle ʸ͡ʷʬ
Curme (1931, pp. 159--60) Ѹ졥ʬ칽ʸ (participial construction) ˤựμ줬ʸμȰۤʤΤ˼ɽƤʤʬʶˤ򤤤Having walked two miles, I was tired. 2ޥ⤤Τǻ줿ˤϤդĤʬ칽ʸǤ뤬Having walked two miles, the cabin was a welcome sight. 2ޥ⤤ǾΤǡ򤷤äˤϷʬ칽ʸǤ롥ʬϳؼԤˤäơhanging participle, loose participle, unrelated participle Ϣʬˡunattached participle, unrelated adjunct ϢղûˤʤɤޤޤʸƤ򤵤Ƥ롥
ʬʤˡǤȸʤͤ¿ʬΰ̣μȤο;Τ one 䤤 generally speaking, judging from [by] 䴷Ū I ɽ蘆ʤ talking [speaking] of Τ褦ʤΤϡλѤŪ˳ΩƤ롥ޤŪˤäƤʤ̣ΤǤʤ¤ɸˡȤǧ褦ȤΩ䡤Ƥʳ˺ĤƹͤΩ⤢롥Quirk & Greenbaum (UGE, 11.35) ˤС?Since leaving her, life has seemed empty. Ǥϼʸ seemed empty to me 䤤Τʬΰ̣μȤ I ǤΤФ*Reading the evening paper, a dog started barking. ϼʸʬΰ̣μꤵΤʤΤǵƤʤ


⤦1ġCrystal Ѹ켭ŵꡥ

dangling participle In traditional grammar, a term describing the use of a participle, or a phrase introduced by a participle, which has an unclear or ambiguous relationship to the rest of the sentence; also called a misrelated participle. If taken literally, the sentence often appears nonsensical or laughable: Driving along the street, a runaway dog gave John a fright. To avoid such inadvertent effects, manuals of style recommend that such sentence be rephrased, with the participial construction moved or replaced, as in When John was driving along the street, a runaway dog gave him a fright.


ܲ khelf ǵˤʤäƤΤϡʤ judging from Τ褦ʷʬϴѤȤǧƤΤȤŪʴؿϡġɤΤ褦ˡʤѲ˻äȤ䤤Ȥʤ롥

⿮ ʸͺʴƽˡؿѸؼŵ١ҡ1982ǯ
Crystal, David, ed. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. 6th ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008. 295--96.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-06-01-1] [2022-05-13-1]

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