ε#4799. Jenkins ˤ "The Lingua Franca Core" ([2022-06-17-1]) Lingua Franca Core (LFC) ƳLFC 줿طʤˤϡѸ (world_englishes) λˤäơαѸؽԡȤ櫓 EFL γؽԤϡŪʱɸѼ䤽¾ϤɸŪȤߤʤƤѼΤǤϤʤELF (= English as a Lingua Franca) EIL (= English as an International Language) ȾΤѼؽΥåȤȤΤ褤ΤǤϤʤȤѸ춵Ѥ줹롥αѸüԿΤ餯Ⱦʬʾ EFL üԤǤꡤǤ LFC ºŤ EFL ؽԤˤȤäơ̱Ūפ˸뤫⤷ʤ
LFC ФȽŪʰո⤢롥LFC ⡤ŪʱɸѼƱͤˡñʤɸǤˤȤɤޤ餺ϤȤʤäƤϤʤȡϤμŤΤ鿷ΤؤȤؤȤȤˤʤʤ̱ŪǤȤʤС⤽ؼԤ䶵ԤͰŪˡ֥פȤȤȤ̷ϤĤߤǤϤʤ
Tomlinson (146) ϡLFC Τ褦ʤΤꤷɸѸפŤԤʤȤ٤ "arrogant" ǤȷپĤ餷Ƥ롥
But, are we not being rather arrogant in assuming that it is we as applied linguists, language planners, curriculum designers, teachers and materials developers who will determine the characteristics of a World Standard English? Is it not the users of English as a global language who will determine these characteristics as a result of negotiating interaction with each other? We can facilitate the process by making sure that our curricula, our methodology and our examinations do not impose unnecessary and unrealistic standards of correctness on our international learners, and by providing input and guiding output relevant to their needs and wants. But ultimately it is they and not us who will decide. To think otherwise is to be guilty of neo-colonist conceit and to ignore all that we know about how languages develop over time.
ɸफϤ䤳Ǥ롥Ϣơ#1246. Ѹɸಽȵϼδط ([2012-09-24-1]) ȡ
Tomlinson, Brian. "A Multi-dimensional Approach to Teaching English for the World" English in the World: Global Rules, Global Roles. Ed. Rani Rubdy and Mario Saraceni. London: Continuum, 2006. 130--50.
ε#4798. ENL ǤθѲϡֳפǡESL/EFL Ǥϡְִ㤤ס ([2022-06-16-1]) ǰѤ Jenkins (37) ϡELF (= English as a Lingua Franca) γˤȤʤħȯˤƤ롥ϡĴη̡͡ʱѸѼǧ줿ħǤꡤΤ ELF ѤˤƤƽפʹܤȤȤˤʤ롥
The Lingua Franca Core (LFC)
1. Consonant sounds except for substitutions of 'th' and of dark /l/
2. Aspiration after world-initial /p/, /t/ and /k/
3. Avoidance of consonant deletion (as opposed to epenthesis) in consonant clusters.
4. Vowel length distinctions
5. Nuclear (Tonic) stress production and placement within word groups (tone units)
ħ EFL ˤƳˤȤϤʤʤΤǤ (Jenkins 37)
Non-core features:
1. Certain consonants (see Lingua Franca Core no. 1)
2. Vowel quality
3. Weak forms
4. Features of connected speech such as elision and assimilation
5. Word stress
6. Pitch movement on the nuclear syllable (tone)
7. Stress-timed rhythm
ܸüԤŵŪˤߤѸȯ嵭Ρ֥פƤϤƤߤȡread lead ϤȤˡ֥ɡפȯƤޤƬ /r/ /l/ ζ̤ Core no. 1 ˴ޤޤΤǡħȤƤҤȤȯʬɬפ롤ȤȤˤʤ롥첻 (epenthesis) /ri:d/ ǤϤʤ /ri:do/ ȯ줿ȤƤ⡤ħˤϴޤޤʤᡤƤ (cf. Core no. 3)
Jenkins, Jennifer. "Global Intelligibility and Local Diversity: Possibility or Paradox?" English in the World: Global Rules, Global Roles. Ed. Rani Rubdy and Mario Saraceni. London: Continuum, 2006. 32--39.
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