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prescriptivism - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2016-07-09 Sat

#2630. ϼѸˡʵҡˤ礹뤳ȤˤĤ [prescriptivism][historiography][medium][writing][language_change]

Curzan ˤ Fixing English: Prescriptivism and Language History ɤǤ롥ϡѸεϼ (prescriptivism) ˤˤĤƤŪʱѸˤΤ꤫ƤŪȤƤɤ롥
αѸ˵ҤǤϡϼ18ʹߤαѸˤ˼Ҳؤ̣ḁ̈Ūʥѥ餤ΰäƱΤθФ1Ĥ٤ȤƤεϼϡ켫ΤѲεϡ®١˱ƶڤܤװǤ⤢롥ξˡʱѸˤ򵭽Ҥ뤳ȤǤ뤷ɬפΤǤϤʤԤ϶⤯μĥϡȤ櫓2 "Prescriptivism's lessons: scope and 'the history of English'" Dz٤Ȥʤ֤Ƥ롥Τ1սѤ褦

When I began this project, I was not expecting to end up asking one of the most fundamental scholarly questions one can ask in the field of history of English studies. But examining prescriptivism as a real sociolinguistic factor in the history of English raises the question: What does it mean to tell the "linguistic history" of "the English language"? Or, to put it more prescriptively, what should it mean to tell the history of the English language? Attention to prescriptivism in the telling of language history gives significant weight to writing, ideologies, and consciously implemented language change. In so doing, it highlights some inconsistencies within the field about the focus of study, about what falls within the scope of "linguistic" history.
   Re-examining the scope of the linguistic history of English encompasses at least three major issues . . .: the relative importance of language attitudes and ideologies in understanding a language's history; the relative importance of the written and spoken versions of the language in constituting "the English language" whose history is being told; and the relative importance of change above and below speakers' conscious awareness (to use standard terminology in the field) in constituting language change. (42--43)


Curzan (48) ϡ2ˤ3Ĥδ򼡤Τ褦˴ʤ顤Ѹ˵ҤμȤƤƤ롥

The history of the English language encompasses metalinguistic discussions about language, which potentially have real effects on language use.
The history of the English language encompasses the development of both the written and the spoken language, as well as their relationship to each other.
The history of the English language encompasses linguistic developments occurring both below the level of speakers' conscious awareness --- what is sometimes called "naturally" --- and above the level of speakers' conscious awareness.


1ܤΡϼºݤθѲ˱ƶͿȤŦˤĤƤϡΤˤ̤ȻפäƤ롥Ѹ˸ԤϤ˿˸礦ɬפȤĥˤϡ礭ʤǤ롥

Curzan, Anne. Fixing English: Prescriptivism and Language History. Cambridge: CUP, 2014.

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2012-09-24 Mon

#1246. Ѹɸಽȵϼδط [standardisation][prescriptivism][prescriptive_grammar][negative][invisible_hand]

ε#1245. ʣŪβȤƤν񤭤ȤɸѸȯŸ ([2012-09-23-1]) ǡɸѸȯŸ¿ο͡ˤŪ (selections) βǤȤ Hope ΰո󤷤ǤϡȤϰռŪʤΤʤΤ̵ռŪʤΤʤΤԼʤΤʤΤ̾ĿͤϰռŪǤԼǤȤ⤤뤬¿ˤȤʤ̵ռŪǤ꼫ǤȤ⤤롥
Hope ϡɸѸȯŸΤġΥӥХȤħˤĤơΤ褦˹ͤƤ롥ɸಽβϡ͡νĤ̵ռŪʸѤ˶ư "a 'natural' linguistic process" 뤤 "a language-internal phenomenon" (51) Ǥ롥ϡФɸಽȰ勞˰뤬¤оȤʤƤ뵬ϼȤΤ "language-external: a cultural, ideological phenomenon" (52) ǤΤ椵롥̤˼ҲŪǤȹͤƤɸಽ "natural" "language-internal" ȤߤʤΤϵ;Ϥϼȶ̤ǤϡԤʬϤǤϤʤʽŪ̵ռȤϡKeller θѲˤָפε򶯤۵롥invisible_hand γƵ򻲾ȡ
Hope (50) ϡѸɸಽȵϼδطԤԤΩĴطǤ롥

One of the paradoxes of the relationship between standardisation and prescriptivism is that prescriptivism always follows, rather than precedes, standardisation. It is therefore wrong to see prescriptivism as the ideological wing of standardisation: standardisation can be initiated, and can run virtually to completion (as in the case of English in the early seventeenth century), in the absence of prescriptivist comment. In fact, it is arguable that prescriptivism is impossible until standardisation has done most of its work --- since it is only in a a relatively standardised context that some language users become conscious of, and resistant to, variation.


18εʸˡǻŦƤε§㤨С¿ζػߡˤϡǤˤٴѤȤɸಽƤ餳ŦΤǤäơФи򤵤Ƥ褦ˡʸˡȤǤиä櫓ǤɬʤθϡɸಽȵϼƱƤ롤뤤Ʊ˺Ѥδְ㤨ƤȤ館Ƥ뤳Ȥˤ롥ɸಽȵϼȤ2Ĥβ̤ξԤδطǧ뤳ȤפǤ롥

Hope, Jonathan. "Rats, Bats, Sparrows and Dogs: Biology, Linguistics and the Nature of Standard English." The Development of Standard English, 1300--1800. Ed. Laura Wright. Cambridge: CUP, 2000. 49--56.
Keller, Rudi. On Language Change: The Invisible Hand in Language. Trans. Brigitte Nerlich. London and New York: Routledge, 1994.

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