ˤѸν¤פˤĤƤϡelf γƵ䡤Ȥ櫓 statistics elf γƵǼ夲ƤѸϸ߿ʹǤꡤѸ˴ؤ¤פѲκˤ뤿ˡǿξΤª뤳Ȥǯ٤졤ˤäƤϿǯ٤ξȤ˸䤷̤ȤȤˤʤ꤬Ǥ롥ޤ¿θԤ䵡ؤ¤פĴƤΤΡ̤ξ̤˸ɽˤȤɤޤ뤳Ȥ¿뤳Ȥ
ʲΰϡ2006ǯ˽Ǥ줿 Schmitt and Marsden (2--3) ˵ƤѸν¤פνܤԤ⤤褦 "In many cases, the most current information available dates from the 1990s, or even the 1980s." (2) Ǥ롥ޤǻͻΤ褦˰ƤǤϤ롥ʤʸǤϡƹܤŵƤꡤɬפ˱ƻȤ뤳ȤǤ롥
English is the principal language of intercontinental telephone communication.
Perhaps as much as 75 percent of mail around the world is written in English.
About half of the world's newspapers are published in English.
Twenty-eight percent of the books published annually are in English.
The majority of academic journals with international readership are in English.
The majority, and perhaps even more than two-thirds, of international scientists write in English. For example, nearly two-thirds of the publications produced by French scientists were in English in the early 1980s. Likewise, English was the major working language for German academics surveyed in the early 1990s. In 13 out of 20 disciplines, at least 40 percent claimed to work in English, and for psychology, biology, chemistry, and physics, the figures ranged from 81 to 98 percent. One can only suspect that these figures are even higher today.
Ninety percent of Internet hosts were based in English-speaking countries in the mid-1998s.
Close to 80 percent of the world's computer data available on the Internet was stored in English in the 1990s, which is not surprising considering that English-speaking countries took the lead in developing the Internet. However, as other countries rapidly increase their use of the Internet, the use of non-English languages is rising. Still, English sites on the Internet continue to attract a disproportionately high percentage of hits.
Forty percent of the people online on the Internet speak English (228 million people), though this may eventually drop to around 30 percent. The next highest language is Chinese at 9.8 percent (55.5 million people).
The most influential software company, Microsoft, is based in an English-speaking country: the United States.
Most of the largest advertising agencies are based in the United States.
Eighty-five percent of world institutions use English as their language, or as one of their languages; for example, it is the official language of the Olympics and the World Council of Churches.
The official international language for both aviation and maritime use is English.
English is the dominant language of international trade, with about 40 percent of the business deals made in English.
The most influential movies and modern music come from English-speaking countries.
In 1994, 80 percent of all feature films that were shown in cinemas worldwide were in English.
About 85 percent of the global movie market was controlled by the United States in 1995.
The fact that large numbers of people are learning English as a second language is reflected by the large number of people taking the TOEFL® Test (about 689,000 people in 215 countries) and University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES) tests (more than 1 million people in more than 130 countries) every year.
1997ǯ˽Ǥ Graddol 2003ǯ˽Ǥ Crystal ʤϤŤˤμƤ롥Ϣơ#48. Ū˱Ѹ줬Ѥפʬ ([2009-06-15-1]) #716. ѸˤΥȥ2011ǯǡˤȤβ ([2011-04-13-1]) ⻲ȡ
ϸ̤˾åץǡȤǤФ褤Τ˾ѤΤǡǤե륿ǤλŻˤʤäƤޤΤ褦ʹܰϡŤȤǧĤġ˻ȤäƤ椯Τ褤
Schmitt, Norbert, and Richard Marsden. Why Is English Like That? Ann Arbor, Mich.: U of Michigan P, 2006.
Graddol, David. The Future of English? The British Council, 1997. Digital version available at http://www.britishcouncil.org/learning-research-futureofenglish.htm
Crystal, David. English As a Global Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 2003.
̤ th-sound ([θ], [ð]) ϸ첻ȤƤϤޤǤꡤ¿üԤˤȤäƽˤȸƤ롥ºݤ [θ] [t] [s] ѤüԤ¿θƹŪʹҶѸ Airspeak Ǥ three tree Ȥȯ뤳ȤˤʤäƤۤɤth-sound ϤΤ褦ǰ̾⤤ȯȤƤߤʤƤꡤѸ liability 1ĤȤƸڤ뤳Ȥ⤢롥
ºݤΤȤλϡѸΤۤˤ⥹ڥ䥮ꥷʤŪ褯Τ줿ˤⲻǤȤƸ롥ƱνβؼԤȡβˤޤʲʤΤȤäƤȤˡUPSID (The UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database) ʤ륵Ȥ¸ߤƤä451βηϤΥǡ١إǤ륵ȤǡSimple UPSID interface Υե̤ơ줴ȤβϿꡤʬȤŪ뤳ȤǤ롥
®ˤĤĴ٤ƤߤUPSID Segment Frequency ˤȡ0D ɽ [θ] ȡ6D ɽ [ð] Ͽ˴ޤϤ줾ʲΤȤǤ롥
[θ] or "0d" (voiceless dental fricative) occurs in 18 languages (3.99% of the 451 languages): Albanian, Amahuaca, Araucanian, Bashkir, Berta, Burmese, Chipewyan, Greek, Huasteco, Iai, Karen, Lakkia, Mursi, Rukai, Spanish, Tabi, Wintu, Yay.
[ð] or "6D" (voiced dental fricative) occurs in 22 languages (4.88% of the 451 languages): Albanian, Aleut, Burmese, Chipewyan, Cubeo, Dahalo, Fijian, Greek, Guarani, Iai, Koiari, Mari, Mazatec, Mixtec, Moro, Nenets, Nganasan, Quechua, Rukai, Spanish, Tabi, Tacana.
Ĵоݤ451줫줿ۤʤʬ919Ĥ뤬ٽ̤ȤƤ [θ] 126̡[ð] 113̤Ǥ롥̤ǹͤиۤɤޤʲǤϤʤΤ⤷ʤ451Τ4--5%ۤɤˤʤǤȼСΤˤޤȸΤ⤷ʤ줿ۤʤ919ʬ8ʾ748ʬ10ĶˤϸʤȤͤȡ[θ], [ð] ϡθˤߤ¿Τޤʬ2Ĥˤʤ
ʤߤˡ̸Ū٤ι⤤ʬȥå10ϡ[m, k, i, a, j, p, u, w, b, h] νȤ
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