Tieken-Boon van Ostade (138) ˤѸγɤǤơʸˡȥ쥷ܤ˸פʤ줿
Between 1500 and 1850, the number of such books [= cooking recipes] increased dramatically, which, interestingly, shows a parallel with the steep rise in the publication of English grammars since the 1760s . . . . Their reading public was also similar: people who desired access to the 'polite' middle classes, and who needed tools for this, even cookery books. Another similarity is that writers of cookery books often 'copy from existing collections so that such compilations tend to be "improvements" of earlier cookery books' (Görlach 1992: 750).
ޤξƥȥפȤˡ̤ƽǤ³ƤꡤȤ櫓18ȾäȤޤμפϤ徺ָζή˻٤ƤȤŦƤ롥⡤ʤ»νʽˤȤäơ֤ʤߡפªƤΤǤ롥ˡԤֲפȾΤơΥԥڤΤ褦˹ԤʤäƤȤȤⶦߤǤ餫ȤȳȤȤǤϤʤäΤȤϤ18Ⱦˤϡ㤦٤ǧ褦ˤʤäƤ褦Ǥ롥
ܤǤϡ뺧Ȥ˽ȤΤʤߤ褦ˤʤäƤƤ褦äܸʸˡμϵƤʤϤ̣ǤۤäȤȤǤ롥18ΥꥹҲϡ "social climbers" ˤȤäΤڤǤϤʤäΤʤȹͤճʶä
Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid. An Introduction to Late Modern English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2009.
#2849. macadamia nut ([2017-02-13-1])#2850. walnut ([2017-02-14-1]) ˰³⤦1Ĥο͵ʥåĤǤ almond ʥɡˤˤĤơalmond θ츻ϥꥷˤޤ̤뤳ȤǤ뤬ˤĤƤԾܤǤ롥Ѹؤ1300ǯ˥եͳäMED alma(u)nde (n.) ˵Ƥ褦ˡalma(u)nde almo(u)nde ʤɤֻǸƤ롥
MED ʸįƤʬ褦ˡΥ쥷Ԥ¿ºݡɤȥ̤ͥơ쥷Ԥ˺Ǥ褯줿ʥåĤ1ĤǤ롥쥷ԤǤä˥ɥߥ륯䥢ɥХȤƤλѤΩ1399ǯܤȤ The Form of Cury ˤϡ¿㤬ǧ롥MED ǤѤƤ4ȡ
(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016) 32: Make gode thik Almaund mylke as tofore.
(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016) 44: Creme of Almandes: Take Almandes blanched, grynde hem and drawe hem up thykke..boile hem..spryng hem with Vynegar, cast hem abrode uppon a cloth and cast uppon hem sugar.
(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016) 45: Grewel of Almandes: Take Almandes blanched, bray hem with oot meel, and draw hem up with water.
(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016) 56: Take the secunde mylk of Almandes.
ܤϡŪˤϤѤäȤʤεȿ˼蘆ǤϤ褯ΤƤ Richard II ΤͤԻΤǡ Elizabeth I ˤ⸥褵줿Ȥ顤ήΥ쥷ԤǤ롥40ΰۤʤǤ¸Ƥꡤ1780ǯ˽Ǥ줿Ǥ饤 The Form of Cury DZǤΤǡȤƤߤ㤨С p. 44 ˤϡ MED ΰѤ2Ĥˤ "Creme of Almānd" ꤹ쥷ԤǺܤƤ롥
Take Almānd blan~ched, grynde hem and drawe hem up thykke, set hem oūe the fyre & boile hem. set hem adoū and spryng hem with Vyneg~, cast hem abrode uppon a cloth and cast uppon hem sug. whan it is colde gadre it togydre and leshe it in dyssh.
١̣äƤߤ롥
#1967. ˴ؤեѸ ([2014-09-15-1]) εǰѤ15Υ쥷Ԥˤ⡤almondes Ƥ롥ɤϡ14ȾФι¤ҤȴϢơιȥʥåĤμפ礷ʤǡȤ櫓줿äΤǤ롥
ʤLPD ˤȡalmond θߤȯϡꥹѸǤϸ§Ȥ /ˈɑːmənd/ <l> ȯʤꥫѸǤ75%γ <l> ȯ/ˈɑːlmənd/ ȤʤȤȯˤĤƤϡ#2099. fault l ([2015-01-25-1]) ⻲ȡ
ε#1966. ʡʤäƤѸΰʪ˥塼 ([2014-09-14-1]) ǡѸʪ˴ؤäˤϡŪ˥եѸ줬ƤȤǧطʤˤΤϡʤ1066ǯΥΥޥȤǤ롥ʹߡ#331. ưʪȤɽñ ([2010-03-24-1]) ŵŪΤƤ褦ˡϤ¿ν̱ϲܤäɤ졤եϤξήϥեݤǤäɤˤƥեϡñˤǤʤҤξħȤƼҲŪʴްդäƤ
ưʪȤ˴ؤ sheep / mutton; ox / beef; pig / pork, bacon, gammon; calf / veal; boar / brawn; fowl / poultry αʩäΩϤ褯ΤƤ뤬ۤˤեѸ줬˴ؤ̣ƤڵϤ롥εǰѤ Hughes ϡ"The sociology of food" (117--20) ꤹạ̇̄Ƥ롥
ޤưʪβĿ̤Ǿ̤Ȳ̤ȤǸƤ̾ۤʤȤ¤롥haunch, joint, cutlet ϥեbrains, tongue, shank ϱѸٹڤʿɽ魯 dinner, supper, banquet ϥեǤ breakfast ϱѸʤʤlunch 16˽Ф뿩ΰդǤ19ˡФ̤Ĵˡϡ#1962. ǰ ([2014-09-10-1]) COOK ۲˵ boil, broil, roast, grill, fry ʤ¿ư줬եסǥȡĴ̣ʤ̣Ǻ (ex. soup, potage, sauce, dessert, mustard, cream, ginger, liquorice, flan, pasty, claret, biscuit) οʸΤҤ⤸ᤷۤɤ
ΤѰդ뷸̾ˤե줬Ωġsteward ʵĹˤѸsty + ward ǡھÿ͡פȤΤˡmarshal Էˡsewer ˡpantler ʿ¢͡ˡbutler ʼˤϥեǤ롥Ư scullion ʻˡˡblackguard ʾȤˡpot-boy ʥܡˤϤѸǤ롥
Ǹˡ15Υ쥷ԤαʸƤߤ褦Hughes (118) κưѤåΤθ줬եѸǤ롥ΰ̣줬ե줫֤줷Ƥ뤫ʬ
Oystres in grauey
Take almondes, and blanche hem, and grinde hem and drawe þorgh a streynour with wyne, and with goode fressh broth into gode mylke, and sette hit on þe fire and lete boyle; and cast therto Maces, clowes, Sugur, pouder of Ginger, and faire parboyled oynons mynced; And þen take faire oystres, and parboile hem togidre in faire water; And then caste hem ther-to, And let hem boyle togidre til þey ben ynowe; and serve hem forth for gode potage.
ˤե줫֤줷Ƥ롥֤Ƥʤä顤Ǥɾ뤳ȤξʤɤοϡϤΤȤʤä˰㤤ʤͤΡʬˤ purism εϤʤ
Hughes, G. A History of English Words. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.
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