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maltese - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-08-30 01:44

2026-01-20 Tue

#6112. OED 12åץǡȤܸ줫μѸ줬11ɲá [oed][borrowing][loan_word][japanese][lexicology][maltese][notice][tufs][world_englishes][maltese_english][world_englishes]

oed_update_202512.png



OED Online ϡ3˰٥åץǡȤޤǿΥåץǡϺǯ12ΤΤǡեꥫޥ륿ܡڹȤ4Ĥϰ褫μѸ˾ƤƤޤܸ줫μѸ11ޤޤƤޤ
Ѹˤδ顤줾Υ󤷤ĤġȤäȻפޤޤ "From abeg to yassa: New words from West Africa" Ǥʥꥢʡӥ٥ꥢ쥪ͤȤä񡹤μѸ줬Ҳ𤵤Ƥޤ㤨СʤŪʥ Adowa (1928) 䡤ʥꥢѸ bend down (and) select ʸ塤ޤϸԾˤʤɤȥ꡼뤳ȤˤʤäȤΤȤǤľʤȤˤȤäƤϱ󤤸äȤݤޤ󡥤ι񡹤ǤϱѸ줬Ѹ䤽˽ऺȤƵǽƤꡤȼαѸѼ (World Englishes) ˭˰äƤȤ¤򡤺ǧޤ
"From aljotta to pastizz: New words from Malta" Ǥ泤ޥ륿αѸѼMaltese EnglishˤθäǤޥ륿 (Maltese) ϡEU θѸͣ졤 (Semitic) °ʤƥʸɽǤˡεҤޤ

Maltese is the only Semitic language written in the Latin alphabet and is the only Semitic and Afroasiatic language among the official languages of the European Union.


ɲä줿 pastizz ʥꥳåƦäѥˤ aljotta ʵΥסˤʤɤϡꥢ䥷ꥢαƶ⿧ǻȿǤƤꡤ캮ˤ򴶤ޤޥ륿θˤĤƤϡ#2228. ޥ륿αѸ (1) ([2015-06-03-1]) #2229. ޥ륿αѸ (2) ([2015-06-04-1])
ơhellog ȤƺǤܤ٤ϡ "From Ekiden to White Day: New words from Japan" ΥǤ OED ɲä줿ܸͳαñϰʲ11Ǥ

brush pen ɮڥ
Ekiden ʱ
love hotel ʥ֥ۥƥ
mottainai ʤäʤ
Naginata ʤʤʤ
PechaKucha ʥڥ㥯
senbei ߡ
senpai ڡ
Washlet ʥåȡ
White Day ʥۥ磻ȥǡ
yokai Ų

ޤ love hotel ǤܤäʸŪ֤ɽȤơä᤯ OED ˼褫äΤǤϤʤȻפäƤޤơʡˤμϿȤʤޤϢơ#142. Ѹ˼Ѥ줿ܸʬۡ ([2009-09-16-1]) ⤴ɸǤ Washlet ƱͤˡܤΥȥʸξħȤǧΤ줿ڤǤ礦
̣Τ mottainai ʻʬǤܸǤϷƻǤOED Ǥϴʤ̾ˤȤϿƤޤĶʸ̮ǡ֤ʤƤȤäʤפȤʸ̮ǻȤ뤳Ȥ¿ΤȻפޤ
繥ʹ֤ȤƤϡĿŪ senbei ɲäˤꤿȻפޤ "usually . . . served with green tea" ʤƤȤȤ˽ФˤȡܤδʸޤǵҤƤΤʥǤ
PechaKucha ˤĤƤϡϲʹˤ̵ΤǤɤ顤20Υ饤ɤ20äǥץ쥼󤹤ؤǤNaginata Ekiden ɤμѸȸޤsenpai ϥ֥㡼ͳμѸȤ¸ߴ򼨤Ƥ褦ǤΥ˥եδ֤Ǥϡּʬ˵ŤƤۤƴоݡפȤʸ̮ notice me, senpai Τ褦ʥߡǻȤƤޤ̣ѤƤƤޤ͡
Ǹ "From ajumma to sunbae: New words from South Korea" Ǥˤ ajumma ޤܸΡ֤ФפǤѡޥإ䥵ХȤäƥ쥪פħȤȤ˵ҤƤΤˡǤ
ϤѸؤήäήϤȤɤޤ뤳ȤΤޤ󡥼 OED åץǡȤڤߤǤ

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2015-06-04 Thu

#2229. ޥ륿αѸ (2) [esl][new_englishes][diglossia][bilingualism][sociolinguistics][history][maltese][maltese_english]

ε ([2015-06-03-1]) ˰³ޥ륿αѸˤĤơޥ륿 ESLǤȤäƤ⡤ɤʥꥢΤ褦ŵŪ ESLȤϰۤʤꡤĤðäƤ롥衼åѤ˰֤ESLǤ뤳ȡ衼åѤͣѼαѸĤȤϺεǿ줿̤Mazzon (593) Ϥ˲ä3ޥ륿θðŦƤ롥Ȥ櫓ꥢȤ diglossia Ĺˤȥޥ륿Ωˤβ⤬פǤ롥

There are various reasons for the peculiarity of the Maltese linguistic situation: 1) the size of the country, a small archipelago in the centre of the Mediterranean; 2) the composition of the population, which is ethnically and linguistically quite homogeneous; 3) its history previous to the British domination; throughout the centuries, Malta had undergone various invasions, its political history being intimately connected with that of Southern Italy. This link, together with the geographical vicinity to Italy, encouraged the adoption of Italian as a language of culture and, more generally, as an H variety in a well-established situation of diglossia. Italian has been for centuries a very prestigious language throughout Europe, since Italy has one of the best known literary traditions and some of the oldest European universities. Maltese is a language of uncertain origin; it was deeply "restructured" or "refounded" on Semitic lines during the Arab domination, between 870 and 1090 A.D. It has since then followed the same path as other spoken varieties of Arabic, losing almost all its inflections and moving towards analytical types; the close contact with Italian helped in this process, also contributing large numbers of vocabulary items.


ߤΥޥ륿ȱѸ2ѾطʤˤϡåʸȤƤαѸؤοƶᴶ롥¿ESLϰˤơѸФ븫ɬ⹥ŪȤϸ¤ʤޥ륿ǤϾۤʤäƤ롥ˤϡ̱ "integrative motivation" ͿƤȤ

The role of this integrative motivation must always be kept in mind in the case of Malta, since the relative cultural vicinity and the process through which Malta became part of the Empire made this case somehow anomalous; many Maltese today simply deny they ever were just a "colony"; young people seem to partake in this feeling and often stress the point that the British never "invaded" Malta: they were invited. There is a widespread feeling that the British never really colonialized the country, they just "came to help"; the connection of the Maltese people with Britain is still quite strong, not only through the British tourists: in many shops and some private houses, alongside the symbols of Catholicism, portraits of the British Royal Family are proudly displayed on the walls. (Mazzon 597)


Τˡޥ륿ESLϰΤʤǤðۤ¸ߤΤ褦Ǥ롥ޥ륿θʱѸ˻ϡҲ˸Ū˶̣Ǥ롥

Mazzon, Gabriella. "A Chapter in the Worldwide Spread of English: Malta." History of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics. Ed. Matti Rissanen, Ossi Ihalainen, Terttu Nevalainen, and Irma Taavitsainen. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1992. 592--601.

Referrer (Inside): [2026-01-20-1] [2021-12-06-1]

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2015-06-03 Wed

#2228. ޥ륿αѸ (1) [esl][new_englishes][bilingualism][diglossia][language_planning][sociolinguistics][history][maltese][maltese_english]

ޥ륿¹ (Republic of Malta) ϡ#177. ENL, ESL, EFL ϰΥꥹȡ ([2009-10-21-1])#215. ENS, ESL ϰαѸ첽ǯ ([2009-11-28-1]) ǿ줿褦ˡ衼åǤ ESL (English as a Second Language) ιǤ롥Ʊ衼åѤǤϢˮ˽°ƤǤ⤢ (cf. #1676. The Commonwealth of Nations ([2013-11-28-1])ˡ˥衼åѤͣȤäƤ褤ѼαѸ줬äƤǤ⤢롥ޥ륿ȱѸȤζ̩ʴؤˤϡ1814ǯʻ礵줿ȤŪطʤ (cf. #777. Ѹάǯɽ ([2011-06-13-1])ˡŪˤŪˤ⡤¾ ESL ϰȤϰۤʤäƤȤܤͤ뤬ޥ륿αѸˤĤƤξܤϤޤ긫ʤϢʸ1ɤൡ񤬤äΤǡ˴Ťƥޥ륿αѸάҤ

Map of the Mediterranean Map of Malta

ޥ륿泤⤫ٹǡ¿ʸ̤ƻǤꡤŪˤ׾פǤäEthnologue Malta ˤȡ̱42ͤΤۤȤɤȤƥޥ륿 (Maltese) äĤ⤦1ĤθѸǤѸȤʤ2ѼԤǤ롥ޥ륿ϡӥΥåѼפȤ뤬ꥢѸȤܿˤ̤ơäμѤ䲻äƤѲħŤ롥ˤȤäơۤʤʣθ¸ˤ̤̾ΤȤǤꡤߤΥޥ륿ȱѸȤι2Ѿ⤽Τ褦Ūʸ̮Τʤ˰֤Ťɬפ롥
1814ǯ˥ꥹ˳ϡιˤƼҲŪ˰ҿϡˤ錄ꥤꥢäˡΧʤɸŪʾѤֹ̤Ρ׸ (H[igh Variety]) ϥꥢǤꡤʳŪӤѤ̤Ρ׸ (L[ow Variety]) ȤƤΥޥ륿ΩƤҲŪˤϡŪ diglossia ߤƤȤ롥19˹̤θ줬ꥢ줫ѸؤȽڤؤʤǡ triglossia ξ褷θ塤Ѹȥޥ륿 diglossia ι¤ؤȰܹԤ20ˤƥޥ륿줬ҲŪǽߤޤǤ diglossia ϲä줿ߤ2ѤϡŪ diglossia ǤϤʤҲŪ˾դ줿 bilingualism ؤȰܹԤȤdiglossia βä˴ؤŪˤĤƤϡ#1487. diglossia ФȽ ([2013-05-23-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ
ߡޥ륿ΰ̱ϡѸؤοƶᴶˡʥ䥪ȥꥢʤɤظΤ¿ήΥ꡼ؤϡήΥ꡼ؤʸȤƥꥢؤΰ򼨤ΤФơѸλѤ򹥤ࡥޥ륿켫ΤβͤŪ徺ȥʸȤƤαѸΰ֤Ťˤꡤޥ륿θˤϿʳäȤ롥Mazzon (598) ϡΤ褦˸Υޥ륿θ礹롥

[S]ince the year 1950, the most important steps in language policy have been in the direction of the promotion of Maltese and of the extension of its use to a number of domains, while English has been more and more widely learnt and used for its importance and prestige as an international language, but also as a "fashionable, chic" language used in social gatherings and as a status symbol . . . .


Mazzon, Gabriella. "A Chapter in the Worldwide Spread of English: Malta." History of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics. Ed. Matti Rissanen, Ossi Ihalainen, Terttu Nevalainen, and Irma Taavitsainen. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1992. 592--601.

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