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toponym - hellogѸ˥֥

ǽ: 2026-07-15 01:27

2020-12-14 Mon

#4249. ͭ̾ʳءˤȤħ [onomastics][toponymy][toponym][personal_name][patronymy]

ͭ̾ (onomastics) ȴϢơܥ֥Ǥ̾ (toponym) ̾ (personal_name) ͡˼夲Ƥ̸Ȱۤʤꡤͭ̾ˤͭꡤηϤˤƤ츦ˤƤ⤽ΰ֤ŤüǤ롥
ħΤĤˤĤơ#2212. ͭ̾ϥ˥եʤ˥եǤ ([2015-05-18-1]) #2397. ͭ̾ȿ̾̾ ([2015-11-19-1]) ǻŦȤ櫓פħϡͭ̾ϰ̣⤿ʤȤȤؼо (referent) ϤḤ̂Ϥ⤿ʤ˥եʤ˥եȽҤ٤ʤˤʤ鳰θƤȤħ⡤ؤǰݤդפ롥
ۤ˸ͭ̾ˤϡ̸ˤϤߤʤѲѲ򤷤ФФɤȤ롥դޤǡ̸ˤѲȤƤ뤳Ȥ¿դˤĤƤϡ#1184. ͭ̾첽 (1) ([2012-07-24-1])#1185. ͭ̾첽 (2) ([2012-07-25-1]) 򻲾Ȥ줿
ͭ̾ؤʬ狼䤹ƳƤƤΤHough Ǥ롥Ȥ櫓Υȥͭ̾ʳءˤνħߤȤ󤷤ƤƤФ餷 (213)

Onomastics is the study of names, its two main branches being toponymy (the study of place-names) and anthroponymy (the study of people's names). Traditionally regarded as a sub-class of nouns having reference but no sense, names occupy a special position within language in that they can be used without understanding of semantic content. Partly for this reason, they tend to have a high survival rate, outlasting changes and developments in the lexicon, and easily being taken over by new groups of speakers in situations of language contact. Since most names originate as descriptive phrases, they preserve evidence for early lexis, often within areas of vocabulary sparsely represented in other sources. Many place-names, and some surnames, are still associated with their place of origin, so the data also contribute to the identification of dialectal isoglosses. Moreover, since names are generally coined in speech rather than in writing, they testify to a colloquial register of language as opposed to the more formal registers characteristic of documentary records and literary texts. Much research has been directed towards establishing the etymologies of names whose origins are no longer transparent, using a standard methodology whereby a comprehensive collection of early spellings is assembled for each name in order to trace its historical development. These spellings themselves can then be used to reveal morphological and phonological changes over the course of time, often illustrating trends in non-onomastic as well as onomastic language. The relationship between the two is not always straightforward, however, since the factors pertaining to the formation and transmission of names are in some respects unique.


ͭ̾ϡ񤭸դǤϤʤäաä˸ˤǤ¿ʬ˴ޤǤȤŦϡʤۤɤȻפäؤθܿѲˤ򤯤̤ŷ¸Ƥ뤳ȤȤΤ⡤ͭ̾ΰǤϤʤʪäƤ롥ʬ˹׸뤳ȤȤҤ٤Ƥ뤬ˤĤƤϡ#3453. Υޥ󥰥ɤ̾Ϳƶ ([2018-10-10-1]) Ǽ夲Ȥʤ

Hough, Carole. "Linguistic Levels: Onomastics." Chapter 14 of English Historical Linguistics: An International Handbook. 2 vols. Ed. Alexander Bergs and Laurel J. Brinton. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2012. 212--23.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-03-22-1]

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2020-01-20 Mon

#3920. Chibanian ʥХ˥ջˤ -ian ľ n Ȥϡ [suffix][word_formation][neo-latin][toponym][neologism][metanalysis][sobokunagimon]

([2020-01-18-1]) Ⱥ ([2020-01-19-1]) ε˰³Chibanian ȤˤĤƤꡥθ -ian ˤĤƹͤƤChiba -ian δ֤ˤ n ϤäΤʤΤɽŪˤ -nian ΤΤ褦ˤߤ뤬ϢߤƤ褦ˡ츻ŪˤФޤ -ian ʬǤ롥
ͥåȤĴ٤Ƥߤȡ n ޤ᤿ Chibanian ̾ΤˤĤƥȤƤ֡͡إХ˥٤Ǥ褤ΤΤۤTwitter Ǥǵ䤬ɽƤ롥ợʤƤ롥
ϥƥ츦Ԥ˲򤪴ꤤȤꤤȤäƤȾʬϾ̤Ǥ롥伫Ȥ⤳2֤εǥƥޤƸ츻ҤȤƤäƤޤ Chibanian ϤޤǸŪ Neo-Latin ¤Ǥ롥̿̾ˤäƤɤޤǸ̩ˡʸŵ˥ƥθƧޤ٤ʤΤ뤤϶ǯ¤촷ˤʤ٤٤ʤΤˤĤƤϡŪʵϤ櫓ǤϤʤChibanian ǤʤȤ⡤Chiban, Chibian, Chibean ʤɡ餷̿̾ǤвǤ褤ΤǤϤʤȻפäƤ롥#2979. Chibanian ϥƥ졩 ([2017-06-23-1]) Ǥ⼨褦ˡChibanian ˤܸ̾ޤޤƤΤΥƥƤ򤷤ƤꡤΤȤƤϱѸ֤ȯȤޤ˥ϥ֥åɤΤޤΤǤ롥3줬Ǹߤ˲Ȥ󤻹ä褷ƤӤߤʤΤʤΤ줫θθεϤ򲡤ĤȤǡʿ¤ˤ餻ʤǤ롥
ȤȤǡƤ n ˤĤƤ⼫ͳ˲ᤷƤ褤ȻפϢ첻Ȥ褤Romanian Iranian ʤɤˤʤä -nian ڤФȸƤ褤⤷ʤcf. #3488. С ([2018-11-14-1]) СˡȤ Panama Ф Panamanian Ȥ㤬롥OED ˤȡPanamaniann ˤĤơ"English -n-" 뤤 "-n-, connective element" ȤƤ롥פˡͳƤȤȤGuam -- Guamanian, Honduras -- Honduranian ƱͤΤ褦㤬ȤФΤǤ롥

Referrer (Inside): [2021-04-14-1]

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2018-09-27 Thu

#3440. ޷λĤ -chester, -caster, -cester ̾Ȥʬ [toponym][latin][loan_word][oe_dialect][roman_britain]

#1437. űѸ˼Ѥ줿ƥ ([2013-04-03-1]) #2578. ȸ̤ƱѸؼѤ줿찮Υƥñ ([2016-05-18-1]) ǿ줿褦ˡޥ󡦥֥ƥ˥޷ߤȹͤĮ̾ˤϡƥ castrum ϡˤͳ褹ǤޤΤʤʤΥƥñϡǤΦ˥ޥ˼ѤƤȹͤ롥
ɸΤ褦ˡѸ̾ǤȤƤϤĤΰ۷ꡤΰ۷ʬۤˤϷ롥Ϥ꽻󥰥ɤŪϰǤϡ-chester ȤʤΤ¿ (ex. Colchester, Dorchester, Manchester, Rochester, Winchester)
󥰥Ϥ꽻˥ǡͤǤ -caster ȤʤȤ¿ (ex. Doncaster, Lancaster, Tadcaster)
ޤϤȥ󥰥Ϥͻ礷ȤϰǤ -cester ¿ȯϤĤŤޤä /-stə/ Ȥʤ (ex. Bichester, Gloucester, Leicester, Worcester) رѸ츻ŵ٤ˤȡȯ Anglo-French ȯȿǤƤȤ롥ˡ륺Ȥζ᤯ǤϸƬҲ x ȤʤꡤExeter, Wroxeter ʤɤ㤬롥
嵭ʬۤϡޤǷ򼨤ˤɬ⤭줤ˤϤʤ褦̾ءʲ˳ء˳ؤθ򸫤Ƥ褦Ƕ̣Ԥʤʾ塤ǥȥåȤ25--26ڡ򻲾ȤƼɮ

ǥC. S.J. åȡˡ աʴˡʡ 󡦾 ˡرѸˤǤ狼륤ꥹ̾١Ѹҡ2005ǯ

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2018-09-26 Wed

#3439. St. Ives Ρ̤פɽ [toponym][loan_word][french][latin][old_norse][italian]

Ѹ̤̾Ѥ̤פ̾ϡब˭٤Ǥ롥ܸǤϡ?̤ס?ƻס?ƻפ٤ѸǤ͡ʸ츻ͳ褹̾Ѥ롥ʲϡǥȥåȤαѸ̾ (8--9) ǾҲ𤵤Ƥ Cambridgeshire ĮSt. Ives ˸Ρ̤פɽ魯츻ȤǤ롥

ΡѸ졡
mews ʤ޲뤤ĻΤä̤ˡroad Ͼ졤ride 첻ؤˤ̾ˡlane ʾϩˡyardrow ʲȤˡhillwaywalkdrove ʲܤηɤݤ̤ƻdrive ̾ˡgrove ʾοˡlealey ʶˡϡϡ

Ρե󥹸ʡƥ㥮ꥷˡ
place, gardens, court, avenue, square, crescent ʻ̤ˡclose ޾ϩˡterrace ʻμ˷Ƥ줿¤ߡˡpassagemarket ʻԾΤ̤

Ρƥ졡
street, circus ʤƻ;˱ӤƤ빭

ΡťΥɸ졡
gate ̤ꡤ뤤

Ρꥢ졡
villa μšΤ̤

St. Ives Ǥϡ1ĤĮΤʤ͡ʸͳ褹̤פɽߤƤ롥St. Ives ̤ʤ櫓ǤϤʤषꥹĮ¤ߤ̾ħ1ˤʤȤȤ館٤̾1ĤҤȤĤˡϤˤޤƤΤ̾ؤ̥Ϥ򴶤롥

ǥC. S.J. åȡˡ աʴˡʡ 󡦾 ˡرѸˤǤ狼륤ꥹ̾١Ѹҡ2005ǯ

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2017-06-23 Fri

#2979. Chibanian ϥƥ졩 [eponym][toponym][suffix][waseieigo][word_formation][etymology][latin]

67Ω׸ؤʤɤθब77?126ǯλɽոԸԤؤŪʴϤˤ褦ȿ˿ǯˤơϵμȿžڵȤɤƱؤȤơꥢζϤʥ饤Хȶ礦ȤˤʤȤ줿̾ϡ֥Х˥ (Chibanian) Ǥꡤ⤷ǧСͳϼ̾ȤƤϽƤΤΤˤʤȤ
֥Х˥פ֥ƥǡդλספĤƤ뿷ʹä˾ʤ̰´򴶤Τǡΰ´νߤ򤳤˵Ƥ
֥С (Chiba) ʬȡ֥˥ (-nian) ʬʬ褦ޤǽ2ǡ֥˥ (-nian) 顥-nian ϡΤ˵ȤƤϥƥηƻ̤Ȥϸʸ̩ˤϡǽ n Ԥ촴°Τȹͤɬפ뤬ˡΥƥǤ -nian ǽ뤳ȤϤꤨʤ˱餫ζ޸ղäơ-nianus -niana ʤɤȤƸϤǤ롥Τ褦ʸʤȤȤϡ-nian ǽϡƥȤƤθǤϤʤȤȤˤʤ롥ϸ衼åѸθǤꡤ𤫤ݸȤƤαѸθȹͤΤ-nian ϡŪˤϥƥͳ褹ȤȤǤƤ⡤줬줿ζŪϡƥ°ƤȤϸ餯Ѹ°ƤȤ٤֥ƥǡդλספȤϡˡʸ츻ͳˤȶ֤λ¡ʸߤν°ˤƱƤ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥
֥Х˥פƥñȤߤʤȤΰ´ϡ֥פʤɤѸñȤߤʤ´ƱΤΤǤʡ#1624. Ѹΰ ([2013-10-07-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ֥ (sea) ֥ (chicken) ⡤Ūˤ餫˱ѸͳñǤ롥Ȥ߹碌֥ (sea chicken) ϡ˱ñκۤ򤷤Ƥˤ衤ʱѸص͢ʤ¤˱Ѹθäˤ¸ߤʤʾܸñȸ虜ʤϱѸǤäƤ⡤ߤζŪʽ°ܸʤΤǤ롥
ˡ1ǤΡ֥С (Chiba) ˤĤơϡ-nian ȰۤʤꡤŪˤ⸽ߤζ֤ȤƤäȤܸñǤȸڤäƤ褵ɬ⤽ǤϤʤȵ뤳ȤԲǽǤϤʤŪܸǤȤȤ˰Ϥʤ¤طʡʤŪϼؤ˶ȤŪäʸ̮θСΰѤ̾ȤƤΡ֥Сפؤ˰㤤ʤ̿̾Ԥܿ͸Ԥʻޤơ¿ܿͤϡܤ̾ȤƤΡաʸԸԡˡפռ˰㤤ʤ˼줿Ĥˤϡष줿Ȥͳˤꡤ֥Сפ̾Ȥʤ̾ϡ˳줿ΤȤƤȤ館ȤȤθ츻餫ˡΤΤäȤƤ⡤ŪˤϡΤΤǤϤʤ뤳ȤǤǤ롥ǤϡǤϤʤñʤΤȤС褯ʬʤΤ׸ñȽҤ٤ˤȤɤƤͭ̾θ°ʤΤǤϤʤȤˤĤƤϡ#2212. ͭ̾ϥ˥եʤ˥եǤ ([2015-05-18-1])#2397. ͭ̾ȿ̾̾ ([2015-11-19-1]) 򻲾Ȥ줿
ʾꡤ֥Х˥ ȹͤ2ĤǤΤˤĤƤ⡤Ūʴϡ֥ƥǤפȤϷ褷ƸʤʤοʹԤܤΩƤƤȤϡ´褦ȤƹͤȤʸϤˤƤߤǤ롥ܶǸؤƤߤȤȤǡ餺
ɤΤȤ֥Х˥פϱѸʤΤǤʤвʤΤ

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2017-02-06 Mon

#2842. ͭ̾줫ޤ줿 [eponym][toponym][onomastics][etymology][metonymy][semantic_change][lexicology]

åץ꡼ (722--39) ˡָͭ̾줫ޤ줿աפΰ롥ʲǤϡΰ򻲾Ѥ˺Ƹ롥ɽθλˤĤƾܤľܥåץ꡼ˡ뤤ϳƼμäƤȤꤢΤ褦ɽ󤢤ΤȤȤ򼨤Ƥ

Adonis
agaric
agate
Alexandrine
Alice blue
America
ammonia
ampere
Ananias
Annie Oakley
aphrodisiac
areopagus
argosy
Argus-eyed
arras
artesian well
astrachan
Atlantic
atlas
babbitt
bacchanals
bakelite
barlett (pear)
battology
bayonet
begonia
bellarmine
bergamask
bison
blanket
bloomers
bobby
bohemian
bowdlerize
bowie
boycott
braille
brie
Brithg's disease
bronze
brougham
Brownian movement
brummagem
bunsen (burner)
Casarean
camembert
cantaloup
cardigan
caryatid
Cassandra
cereal
chalcedony
cherrystone clams
Chippendale
coach
Colombia, Columbia
cologne
colophony
colt
copper
coulomb
cravat
cupidity
currant
daguerreotype
dauphin
derby
diesel (engine)
diddle
doily
dollar
dumdum bullet
Duncan Phyfe
Dundreary (whiskers)
echo
epicurean
ermine
erotic
euhemerism
euphuism
Fabian
Fahrenheit
faience
Fallopian
farad
Ferris (wheel)
fez
forsythia
frankfurter
frieze
galvanize
gamboges
gardenia
gargantuan
gasconade
gauss
gavotte
gibus
Gilbertian
gladstone (bag)
Gobelin
gongorism
Gordian knot
gothite
greengage
Gregorian (calendar/chant)
guillotine
hamburger
havelock
Heaviside layer
hector
helot
henry
hermetically
hiddenite
Hitlerism
Hobson's choice
hyacinth
indigo
iridium
iris
jacinth
Jack Ketch
Jack Tar
jeremiad
jobation
Jonah
joule
jovial
Julian calendear
laconic
lambert
landau
Laputan, Laputian
lavalier
lazar
leather-stocking
Leninism
Leyden jar
lilliputian
limousine
loganberry
Lothario
lyceum
lynch
macadamize
machiavellian
machinaw
mackintosh
magnet
magnolia
malapropism
Malpighian tubes
manil(l)a
mansard roof
marcel
martinet
Marxist
maudlin
mausoleum
maxim (gun)
mayonnaise
mazurka
McIntosh (apple)
Melba toast
Mendelian
mentor
Mercator projection
mercerize
mercurial
meringue
mesmerism
mho
milliner
mnemonic
morphine
morris chair
morris dance
Morse code
negus
nicotine
Nestor
Occam's razor
odyssey
ogre
ohm
Olympian
panama (hat)
panic
parchment
Parthian glance, Parthian shot
pasteurize
peach
peeler
peony
percheron
philippic
pinchbeck
Platonic
Plimsoll line [mark]
poinsettia
polka
polonaise
pompadour
praline
Prince Albert
procrustean
protean
prussic (acid)
Ptolemaic system
Pullman
pyrrhic victory
pyrrhonism
quisling
quixotic
raglan
rhinestone
rodomontade
Roentgen ray
roquefort
Rosetta Stone
Rosicrucian
Salic (law)
Sally Lunn
Samaritan
sandwich
sardine
sardonic
sardonyx
satire
saxophone
scrooge
Seidlitz
sequoia
shanghai
Sheraton
shrapnel
silhouette
simony
sisyphean
socratic
solecism
spaniel
Spencer
spinach
spruce
Stalinism
stentorian
Steve Brodie
sybarite
tabasco
tangerine
tarantella
tarantula
thrasonical
timothy
titanic
tobacco
Trotskyte
trudgen
Vandyke
vaudeville
venery
Victoria
volcano
volt
vulcanize
watt
Wedgwood ware
Wellington (boot)
Winchester rifle
wulfenite
Xant(h)ippe
Zeppelin

ͤ̾Ȥˡ䲿餫ħȿǤ̾줬ޤΤϡ metonymy κѤȹͤ롥ޤϸͭλؼоݤäƤΤŪѤ褦ˤʤäȤạ̇̄γλȤ⤤
åץ꡼θ츻˴ؤꥹȤȤƤϡۤˡ#1723. åץ꡼ˤ2Ÿ ([2014-01-14-1]) ǤˤΤǻȤ

硼 T. åץ꡼ ƻ ϻ إåץ꡼Ѹ츻ŵ١罤ۡ2009ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2023-04-03-1] [2017-02-13-1]

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